10.专题十二 动词的时态和语态(教师用书)-【加速度中考】2025年陕西中考备考加速度英语课堂精讲本

专题十二 动词的时态和语态 (4~9分) 孕语法知识理重点 般现在时一主语+am/is/are/动词原形/动词的单三形式 般过去时一主语+was/were/动词的过去式 动词的时态 般将来时一 主语+wil/shall/be(am/is/are)going to+动词原形 (6年26考) 现在进行时一主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词 过去进行时一主语+was/were+动词的现在分词 动词的时态 现在完成时一主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 和语态 般现在时：am/is/are+done (6年35考)】 般过去时：was/were+done 构成 般将来时：wil/shall/be going to+be done 含情态动词：情态动词+be done 被动语态 不知道动作的执行者是谁 用法 没必要指出动作的执行者是谁 动词的语态 需要强调或突出动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者 (6年9考) 动作的执行者不是人，而是无生命的事物 主动语态变被动语态：主变宾，宾变主，谓语动词用被动 重点语法分点过 考点刀动词的时态(6年26考) 续表 一般现在时[2024.25.2023.61,2022.61.2021.64,2020.69 用法 例句 构成：主语+am/is/are; 表示按计划或安排好的将要 发生的动作，用一般现在时表 The train leaves at 8:15. 主语+动词原形/动词的单三形式 示将来，但仅限于start,begin, 火车8点15分开。 标志词：always,usually,often,sometimes,once a leave,go,come,arrive等词 year,twice a month,on Sundays,at weekends 一般过去时「2023.232860,66.2022.66.2021.30.2020. 用法 例句 26.2019.212362,70] I leave home for school 构成：主语+was/were;主语+动词的过去式 表示经常性、习惯性的动作，常与al7 every moming.每天 频度副词连用 早上我七点离开家去 标志词：three days ago,yesterday,last week,just now,in the past,at the age of...,once upon a time 上学 表示客观事实，普遍真理或自然 用法 例句 Shanghai lies in the 表示过去某个时间里 He left for 现象（此用法如果出现在宾语 Beijing yesterday east of China.上海位 所发生的动作或存在 morning.他昨天上午到北京 从句中，即使主句是一般过去 于中国东部。 的状态 时，从句也要用一般现在时) 去了。 if,unless,as soon as, r He missed his parents very it doesn't rain 表示过去一段时间内 much and he often felt when,once等引导的条件或tomorrow,we'll go to 经常性或习惯性的动 时间状语从句中，用一般现在the park.如果明天不 lonely.他特别想念他的父母 作，常与频度副词连用 并且他常常感到很孤独。 时表示将来（主将从现）》 下雨，我们就去公园。 120 D一般将来时[2021.60,2020.60 续表 构成：主语+wil/shall(仅限于第一人称)+动词 用法 例句 原形： 过去进行时常和颜度副词 主语+be(am/is/are)going to+动词原形 Her father was always 连用，表示过去频繁发生的 working like that.她父 标志词：tomorrow,soon,next week/month/.year.., 习惯性动作，带有一定的感 亲总是那样工作。 in+一段时间，one day,in the future等 情色彩 用法 例句 表示一个动作发生时，另外 She was reading an 个动作正在进行，常与 English magazine when I 表示将来某个时间将要'll go and see her next when,while,as引导的时间 came in.当我进来时，她 发生的动作或存在的状态Friday.我下周五去看她。 状语从句连用 正在看一本英语杂志。 “be going to+动词原 He is going to play 形”，表示主观计划、打算 现在完成时2024.70.2022.27.2021.59.69,2020.63 basketball with his friends. 做某事，或有某种迹象表 他打算和他的朋友们去打 构成：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 明要发生的事情 篮球。 标志词：already,ever,never,yet,still,recently, lately.so far,up to/till now,in the last three years/.... 现在进行时 since+时间点，for+ 段时间等 构成：主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词 标志词：now,right now,at present,at this time,at 用法 例句 the/this moment,these days,when,while,look, 表示过去发生的动作或 He has already left.他已 listen等 已经完成的某一动作对 经离开了。 现在造成的影响和结果 用法 例句 表示从过去开始持续到 haven't received his 表示此时此刻正在 I'm doing my maths homework. 现在的动作或状态，也许 letter for almost a month. 进行的动作 我正在做我的数学作业。 马上停止，也许还要持续 我已经将近一个月都没 表示现阶段正在进 The students are working on the 下去，常和for,since连用 有收到过他的信了。 行的动作或持续的 farm these days.这些天学生们 考点2动词的语态(6年9考) 状态 正在农场上芳动。 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动 go,leave,arrive,start Mary is arriving here at 4 o'elock 词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态。 等短暂性动词用现his afternoon.玛丽今天下午四 主动语态中主语是动作的执行者，被动语态中主 在进行时表将来 点将到达这里 语是动作的承受者。 过去进行时2023.21,2021.21,2019.61 ·被动语态 构成：主语+was/were+动词的现在分词 1.被动语态的构成 标志词：then,at that time,at ten yesterday,at this 时态 被动结构 例句 time yesterday,when/while引导的表示过去的时间 般现在时 The classroom is cleaned 状语从句等 am/is/are 2024.28.2023 by students every day. +done 用法 例句 30 学生们悔天都附打扫教室。 表示过去某一时刻或过去 They were watching TV at 般过去时 I was offered a new job [「2024.66,2022.28， was/were 某一段时间内正在进行的7 last night.昨晚7点他 here.我在那里得到了 2021.29.2020.28 done 动作 们正在看电视。 份新工作。 662019.2968 121 续表 be used by sb.被某人使用 时态 被动结构 例句 be made of/from..由…制成（可看出原材料/不 will/shall Trees will be planted on 可看出原材料)】 限于第一人both sides of the road next be made in sp./bysb.在某地制造/由某人制造 般将来时 称)/be going year.明年道路两边将会 be covered with/by被…覆盖 to +be done 种上树。 be filled with被…装满 Teenagers should be be seen/heard to do被看见/听到做 情态动词+ allowed to decide by 含情态动词 be made to do sth.被要求做某事 be done themselves.应该允许青 It's said/reported/believed that..据说/据报道/人 少年自己做决定。 们相信… 2.被动语态的用法 ·主动语态 用法 例句 1,主动语态变被动语态的方法 主动语态：Hc saved a man. The machine was invented in 不知道动作的执行 语 消语 1800.这台机器是1800年发 者是谁 明的。 被动话态：△man was saved by him. 没必要指出动作的 The book is written for children. 宾语少土语 w+过去分词主语交为n+宾语 执行者是谁 本书是为孩子们写的 2.主动形式表被动意义的情况 (1)某些系动词（如smell,taste,sound,look 需要强调或突出动 The window was broken yesterday. 等)描述某物特性时，用主动形式表被动意义。 作的承受者，而不强 昨天窗户被打破了。 调动作的执行者 (2)不及物动词及部分动词短语，如happen, take place,belong to,break down等用主动形式表 动作的执行者不是 Many houses were destroyed by 被动意义。 人，而是无生命的 the accident..这次事故毁坏了许 (3)当wmte,sel,wash等词作不及物动词且 事物 多房屋 表示主语（某物）的某种属性时，多与副词well, ◆常用的被动语态词组： quickly等连用，可用主动形式表被动意义。 be used to do sth./be used for doing sth.被用来做 (4)be worth doing中的doing表示被动意义。 某事 (5)need/require doing结构相当于need/require be used as被用作… +to be done,to be done是不定式的被动结构。 语法专题情境练 I,完形填空基础题 A.set up B.will set up 1.Now nearly two-thirds of the Loess Plateau C.will be set up D.were set up (黄土高原) C with trees and grass. ! 3.All the passengers D at the station for another A.covers B.covered day if the snow storm doesn't stop tomorrow. C.is covered D.was covered A.stay B.stayed 2.Two more clubs next week to make our C.have stayed D.will stay school life richer and more colorful. 122 4.原The Baoxie Cliffside Road(褒斜道石门) from Mount Qomolangma last year. was a famous passage through QinLing Mountains, A.clean up B.cleaning up which B around the Warring States Period. C.cleaned up D.will clean up A.is built B.was built 13.1tB dark.Please turn on the light for C.builds D.built me,Tim. 5.In the past,people didn't know that the earth A A.gets B.is getting around the sun. C.got D.has got A.moves B.moved Ⅱ.短文填空基础题 C.will move D.moving talk make collect go take teach 6.原Eliott Tordo,a young man from France，, 1.When the exam is over,students should remain in B erhu for several years.He also presents his their seats until all the papers are collected. work on the Internet. 2.Some university students did volunteer jobs and A.practiced B.has practiced taught children P.E.in primary schools. C.practices D.will practice 3.Lingling was about to go to work when her 7.Today we have a science class.Now we B sister telephoned her this morning. some research in the laboratory with Ms.Jiang. 4.Helen encouraged me to speak English as much as A.do B.are doing possible because practice makes perfect. C.did D.have done 5.Sorry,I'm late.I was talking with a friend 8.National Day is coming.I C a play just now and completely forgot the time. about the New Fourth Army. 6.In the last few years,great changes have taken A.watch B.watched place in China. C.am going to watch D.would watch Ⅲ.完成句子 9.During the Tang Dynasty,nearly everything 1.[2024交大附中二模]多年的努力之后，他的梦想 produced in the world D on the streets 最终实现了 of Chang'an. After years of hard work,his dream came true A.can find B.could find at last. C.can be found D.could be found 2.[2024铁一中一模]越来越多的人加入了保护大 10.In ancient times,people usually A 熊猫的社团。 solar eclipses(日食)for the symbol of bad luck.. More and more people have joined the club A.mistook B.mistaken of protecting pandas. C.mistaking D.mistake 3.由于温室效应，地球的温度正在上升。 11.While my mother B some shopping,she As a result of the greenhouse effect,the Earth's happened to meet an old friend of hers. temperature is rising/increasing A.is doing B.was doing 4.我一到北京，就会给你打电话。 C.will do D.has done I will give you a phone call as soon as I get to 12.It surprised me that people C tons of rubbish Beijing. 请完成《情境作业本》(P64)中的练习题 123