2.专题二 动词和动词短语(教师用书)-【加速度中考】2025年陕西中考备考加速度英语课堂精讲本

专题二 动词和动词短语 (9-12分) 语法知识理重点 原形 实义动词一 第三人称单数 系动词 动词的基本形式 分类 (6年24考) 过去式与过去分词 助动词 动词的分类及 动词和动词短语 情态动词（详见专题三） 词义辨析 现在分词 (6年22考) (6年55考) 词义辨析 动词短语 (6年9考) 重点语法分点过 考点刀动词的分类及词义辨析(6年22考) 续表 ·动词的分类 分类 用法 根据意义和在句子中的功能，动词可以分为 也称短暂性动词或瞬间性动词，表示动作一 以下四类： 非延续 发生，就立即结束，如：begin,buy,close, 1.实义动词 性动词 come,die,fail,find,finish,g0等，一般不 实义动词具有实际的意义，表示动作或状态 能与表示时间段的状语连用 可在句中单独作谓语。 2.系动词 (1)按句法功能分为：及物动词和不及物动 系动词不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构 词。其用法如下： 成谓语。常见的系动词分类如下： 分类 用法 (1)be动词：am,is,are; 及物动词本身意思不完整，需要接宾语才能 2)感官动词：sound,look,taste,sme,feel等； 及物 使其意思表达完整，后接名词、代词、动名词 3)表示状态变化的系动词：get,tum,go, 动词 等作宾语，可用于被动语态，如：have,buy, become,gTow等； invent等 (4)表示保持状态的系动词：keep,stay, 不及物动词本身意思完整，无需接宾语，不 leave,remain等。 不及物 能用于被动语态，可直接构成“主语+谓语” : 3.助动词 动词 的句型，如：listen,arrive,rise等，若后面接 助动词本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓 宾语时，必须与介词连用 语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态，帮 (2)按动作发生过程的长短可分为：延续性动 助动词构成各种否定句和疑问句等结构，有人称和数的 词和非延续性动词，其用法如下： 变化。常见的助动词有be动词(anm,is,ae):do(does, 分类 用法 did):have(has,had):will(would)和shall(should)等。 也称持续性动词，表示能够延续的动作，如： 4.情态动词（详见专题三） 延续 study,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep等， : ●动词词义辨析[2024.2431,333840,2023.24.33.3437. 性动词 可以与表示时间段的状语(for+时间段，since 2022.23,33,35.2021.22.3639.2020.27,33、36、40,2019.32、34 +时间点或since从句)连用 35 83 情境应用 续表 1.Many people don't trust driverless cars now,but I 形式 构成 举例 think more people will A them in the future. 一般在动词原seem+seems[2021.64]: A.accept B.refuse C.agree D.disagree 形后直接加s hope→hopes;like→likes 2.He B not only good at studying but also a 以s,o,x,sh,ch warm-hearted person. do→does;catch→catches; 结尾的动词后 miss→nisses A.be B.is C.has D.does 加-es 第三 3.Zhang Guimei started the first free senior high 人称 以辅音字母加 school for girls to help them get D 单数 y结尾的动词， study-→studies;fly→lies; A.invited B.polished 应将y变为i, carry→carries C.processed D.educated 再加-es 4.I still want to see the movie again although I C 特殊：be→is[2023.61,2022 watched it already. 不规则变化 61]/are(复数)[2020.69]： A.am B.do C.have D.has have-→hasT2020.63] 5.Alan asked me for help because the box was so 般在动词原 play-played[2024.70] heavy that he couldn't A it. 形后直接加-d A.carry B.get C.take D.bring 以不发音的字 save→saved: 6.Schools should B students to form good 母e结尾的动 raise→raised: working habits through labour education. 词后只加-d encourage-encouraged A.force B.encourage 以重读闭音节 C.warn D.promise 结尾且末尾只stop→stopped[2019.62]: 7.Mr.Wang asked Alice to read aloud so that all the 有一个辅音字prefer-→preferred; students could D her. 母的动词，双drop+dropped; A.see B.listen C.look D.hear 写此辅音字母heg一→begged 8.We all know that light B faster in air i 过去 再加-td than in water. 式与 以辅音字母加 A.flies B.travels C.walks D.runs 过去 cry→carried: y结尾的动词 分词 study-studied: 考点2动词的基本形式(6年24考) 应将y变为i, try→tied 再加-ed 形式 构成 举例 be→was[2024.66]: send[2024.62]; getgot-got/gotten[2023.66]: need[2024.65]; meet-→met[2022.66]: win+won[2021.69]: offer[2023.69]; 没有经过任何 take→took→taken[2020.66]; ive[2022.62]: 不规则变化 原形 变形，就是动 catch→caught; achieve[2022.70]find; 词本身的形态 sell→sold[2019.68]; talk[2021.62]: can→could2019.70]; spread[2020.60];borrow give→gave→given; g0[2020.70]:ake[2019.64] teach-taught;tell-told 84 续表 take the bus乘公交车[2024.59] 形式 构成 举例 drink/have water喝水[2023.58j wait-waiting[2019.61] give up放弃[2022.58] 一般在动词原 clean→cleaning; look after照料；照顾[2021.31] 形后直接 repair-→repairing: eat up/finish off/finish up吃完[202l.59] 加-ing try-trying cut down欣倒[2020.31] share-→sharing; give away捐赠[2019.38] 以不发音的字 take→taking: do(some)housework/chores做（些）家务[2019.58] 母e结尾的动 make→naking; (更多动词短语见《晨读15分钟》P39) 词，去e再加-ing give一→giving;save→saving 现在 情圆应用 以重读闭音节 分词 16.During the Water Festival,people splash 结尾且末尾只run→running: (泼）water on one another to B the bad 有一个辅音字 sit→sitting: luck. 母的动词，双swim→swimming: A.put away B.wash away 写此轴音字母drop→dropping C.run away D.get away 再加-ing 17.Doing housework helps to improve children's 少数以ie结尾die→dying: independence and teaches them how to B 的动词，变ie为tie-tying: themselves. y,再加-ing Iie→ying A.look for B.look after 应用 C.look at D.look through invent lie get improve do support drop 18.Don't forget to C for about ten minutes at the 9.During the long journey in my life,it is my mom beginning of each P.E.class. who supports me and encourages me a lot. A.try on B.smile back 10.Weigi,a Chinese board game,was invented C.warm up D.turn over more than 2,500 years ago. 19.由于这架钢琴占据了太多空间，房间里已无处 11.We are improving our skills and knowledge 安放其他物品。 while having fun. Nothing else could fit in the room because the 12.During the Spring Festival,families would get piano took up too much space. together to celebrate the new year. 20.自从约翰搬走后，我已经很久没有收到他的来 13.叠原Ankit Agarwal did some research and 信了。 succeeded in making leatherette(人造革)out of I haven't heard from John for a long time flowers since he moved out. 14.In the late 1800s,the price of tea dropped 21.原)人们不在秦岭山区欣树，以此来保护金 as more tea began to arrive on ships from India 丝猴。 and China. People stopped cutting down trees in the 15.Imagine that you are lying on the beach in Qinling Mountains to protect golden snub-nosed bright sunshine,with the sea wind gently blowing. monkeys. 22.请把收音机的音量调高。我听不清。 考点3动词短语(6年9考) Please turn up the radio.I can't hear it clearly. worry about担心…[2024.34] 85 语法专题情境练 I.完形填空基础题 difficulties are called strawberry kids. 1.The factory C glass and paper to cut costs and 6.Leah is learning some foreign languages because protect the environment. she wants to know more about other cultures. A.replaced B.returned C.recycled D.reported 7.In the past 15 years,a charity called the 2.If I find other people on these planets,I could Woodland Trust has made a list of ancient Aa relationship with them. trees in the country. A.develop B.connect C.hold D.take 8.The shopping mall opens at 10:00 in the morning 3.The cake I bought at a high price last night looked and closes at 10:00 in the evening. good but B awful. Ⅲ.完成句子 A.sounded B.tasted C.felt D.seemed 1.[2024陕西，59]如果你想乘坐公交车，地图小程 4.Jane is so confident that she believes she can D 序能告诉你选择哪一路车。 the hard task alone successfully. If you want to take the bus,map apps can A.turn out B.give out C.pick out D.earry out tell you which one to choose. 5.We will go to the park to have a pienic tomorrow if2.[2024高新一中二模]只要我们坚信自己并付诸 itc 行动，就能实现梦想。 A.won't rain B.hasn't rained As long as we believe in ourselves and take action, C.doesn't rain D.didn't rain we can realize/achieve our dreams. 6.As long as all the Chinese people pull together,our 3.「2024陕师大附中三模]上周，妈妈给我买了一件 dreams of building our beautiful home will D 毛衣。 A.come along B.come up Last week,my mother bought a sweater C.come over D.come true for me. 7.You may try A jokes with your friends when! 4.[2024铁一中滨河二模]两天前安迪和我一起放 you feel sad. 风筝了。 A.telling B.asking C.saying D.talking Andy flew kites/a kite with me two Ⅱ.短文填空基础题 days ago. expect close arrive make come 5.[2024交大附中三模]春雷唤醒万物。 learn volunteer be Spring thunder wakes up everything. 1.Kung fu Grandma Zhang Hexian volunteered 6.马面裙在一些社交平台的外国用户中变得流行 to teach children kung fu in a primary school. 起来。 2.Lu You continued making his way in the forest and The horse-face skirt is getting/becoming finally arrived at a beautiful village. popular among the foreign users of some social 3.Our junior high school years will come to an platforms. end in several months,but I still remember the 7.他想到了一个主意：发明一种地板，当有人踩到 first time when we came to the school. 这种地板上时，它能够发电。 4.You are expected to open the gifts in public as He came up with an idea to invent a floor soon as you get them from your Australian friends. that could produce electricity when someone 5.Those who easily break down when facing stepped on it. 请完成《情境作业本》(P56)中的练习题 86