1.专题一 名词(教师用书)-【加速度中考】2025年陕西中考备考加速度英语课堂精讲本

中考语法知识精计练 加速度墨 第二部分 编者语：此部分根据（义务教育英语课程标准》(2011年版）附录2语法项目表和（义务教有英语深程标准》(2022年版）册录4语法项目表 设置内容，且在分析陕西近6年中考真题的基础上对语法点进行整合。利用陕西中考真題中完形填空、完成句子及粒文镇空三大题型的 基础题进行练习，力求帮助考生熟练掌握各语法点 专题 名词 (3~9分) 语法知识理重点 's所有格 名词所有格 名词词义辨析(6年18考) of所有格 (6年6考) 名词 双重所有格 规则变化 (6年40考) 名词短语(6年4考) 可数名词 不规则变化 名词的数 分类 (6年12考】 专有名词 量化 不可数名词 重点语法分点过 考点刀名词词义辨析(6年18考) 4.Jenny likes listening to musie so she goes to B from time to time. 同类名词词义辨析12023.32、38,2022.32.38,2021.32 ■ 33,2020.39.2019.39 A.stations B.concerts 不同类名词词义辨析[2024.39,2023.31,2022.25,34 C.libraries D.schools 37.2021.35.2020.32,38.2019.3040] 5.People sometimes pay much attention to the result, 情应用 but the B of getting to it may be more 1.The D that there is life on other planets has important. always encouraged scientists to explore outer A.position B.process space. C.purpose D.performance A.ability B.quality C.activity D.possibility 考点2名词的数(6年12考) 2.原创If you travel at the speed of A_,you can reach Pluto(冥王星)in just four hours. ·可数名词 A.light B.water 可数名词有单数和复数之分：当表示单一的 C.air D.electricity 概念时，前面通常用不定冠词a/an修饰：当表示两 3.He gave us a(n)B that he went back so 个或两个以上的概念时，前面通常用表示复数概 quickly with the thing we needed. 念的限定词修饰，如数词（除one之外的基数词）、 A.trouble B.surprise 代词(our,their,these,those)、不定代词(many,all, C.difference D.experience some,afew,few)[2022.25,2019.301等。 78 1.可数名词变复数的规则变化 2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化 变化规则 举例 变化规则 举例 内部 变a为e型 man→men:woman→women mouth-mouths;student-+students; 元音 tooth→teeth:foot→feet email-emails[2024.67]; 变o0为ce型 字母 特殊：boot→boots sport-sports[2023.56]; 变化 其他 mouse→mice problem-problems[2023.62]; 词尾加-en或-ren ox→oxen:child-→children 般情况下，在名 bag+hags[2021.56】: 单复数同形 sheep→sheep;deer→deer 词后直接加s h0ur-→h0urs[2021,68]: 单复数同形 ChineseChinese 某国人 d0g→d0g[2020.56]: 变a为e Frenchman→Frenchmen 变复数 raceraces[2020.67]; 词尾加-s American-→Americans vegetable-vegetables[2019.56]; 拓展 meter-meters[2019.65] 名词作定语时数的变化 (1)当man或woman作定语变复数时，其本身 以5，X,ch,sh等结 box→boxes:bus→ouses: 和被修饰的名词都要变复数。如：a man doctor→ 尾的名词，在词尾 watch-watches;wish-wishes many men doctors 加-es 特殊：stomach→stomachs (2)当不是mn或woan作定语变复数时，只将被 以“辅音字母+y” 修饰的名同变复敏 如：a boy student-+six boy students family→families: 结尾的名词，先变y story-stories ·不可数名词 为i,再加-es 1.不可数名词的分类 以“元音字母+y” boy→boys;key→keys; 类别 举例 结尾的名词，直接 holiday-→holidays homework/schoolwork家庭作业[2022 在词尾加s 抽概念 56];advice劝告，建议；information信息， 以f或fe结尾的名 wolf-wolves:knifeknives: 消息；knowledge知识，学问 词，先将f或fe变 wife-wives;thiefthieves 词 学科 hemistry化学：geography地理 为v,再加-es 特殊：belief-→beliefs 情感 sadness忧伤：joy欢乐，高兴 以“辅音字母+o” 材料plastic塑料，期胶：silk丝绸，丝织物 物 tomato-tomatoes: 饮食 mil认牛奶：water水；soup汤；tea茶 结尾的名词，有生 potato→potatoes; 名 自然 sand沙子；soil土壤；ain雨；snow雪； 命的加-es:无生命 piano→pianos 物质ol油，石油 的加-s 2.不可数名词的量化 以“元音字母+0 不可数名词没有复数形式，只能通过量词短 结尾的名词，在词 zoo-zoos;radio-radios 尾加-s 语来量化。 情况 方法 举例 巧记口诀● 可数名词变复数的规则变化 a piece of advice 数词/不定冠词+ 名词复数有规律，一般词尾加8；辅音字母+y 具体 条建议； 计量词+of+不 型，变y为i加-es;ch,sh,s,x真有趣，大多都加-es: 的量 two bowls of rice 可数名词 f,fe真小气，大多都是字母v来把它替，es在后别忘 ! 两碗米饭 大概 表示数量的限定 some water 一些水： 记：字母0来真神奇，有生命加-心s,没有生命加-s。 的量词+不可数名词 a lot of money许多钱 79 注意 考点3名词所有格(6年6考) (1)只修饰不可数名词的修饰语：much,little,a little,a bit of,a good/great deal of,a large/small 类别 用法 举例 amount of等； this person's email (2)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的 address[2024.64]; 修饰语有：some,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,enough, the kingfisher bird's/ most,any,all,the rest of ①单数名词或集 birds'[2023.68]: with other people's help ◆常见的既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词 体名词直接加-s; [2022.65]: ②复数名词，当以 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 his father's bike [2021. s结尾时，加’；不 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 orange 橙子 橙汁 以8结尾时，加s 67]: 体操 报纸： s所 the world's top athletes exercise 锻炼 paper 纸 练习 文件 有格 [2020.62]: experience 经历 经验 radio 收音机 无线电 his wife's sweet potato glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 room 房间 空间 [2019.69 鱼的 次数： ①表示几个人共 fish 鱼肉 time 时间 种类 倍数 同拥有时，在最后 Jim and Tom's room 木头： iron 熨斗 铁 一个名词后加-s: (共用)： wood 树林 木材 ②表示每个人各 Jim's and Tom's rooms light 电灯 光；光线 work 作品 工作 自拥有时，在每个 (各自) 的健应用 名词后加-s difference traffic box leaf child f所 of+名词 a map of China; 有格 (一般指无生命的) 6.The leaves of trees in the Fragrant Hills Park the name of the film turn yellow and red in autumn. ad+。名词所有格 a friend of her mother's 双重 7.Rick was late because there was a lot of traffic of+名词性物主 所有格 a word of hers when he came to attend the meeting. 代词 8.There are a few 、 differences between the 拓展 traditions of the Lantern Festival in northern and (1)表示“店铺”“某人的家”“诊所”“办公室” southern China. 等的名词所有格后，一般省略被修饰的地点名词。 9.Some good experiences in class may encourage 如：at the doctor's在诊所 children to perform well next time. (2)节日的表达：Father's Day父亲节：Mother's 10.The two boxes of pears and tomatoes only Day母亲节：New Year'sDay新年：Children's Day儿 童节：Women's Day妇女节；Teachers'Day教师节 cost me 15 yuan. (3)“基数词+连字符+可数名词单数”一般用 11.我们学校中70%的老师是女老师 作定语修饰名词，相当于“基数词+名词所有格” Seventy percent of the teachers in our school are 如：a five-year plan=a five years'plan women teachers. 12.布莱克先生给了我一些如何打好篮球的建议。 情宽应用 Mr.Black gave me some advice/suggestions brother hour he on how to play basketball well. 13.Most teenagers need eight hours' sleep a 80 day,so make sure that you get enough sleep President Xi Jinping said,"All national heroes every day. are the backbone of the Chinese nation." 14.The new friends of his are said to be active 考点⑤专有名词 and nice,but I haven't seen them yet. 15.Although they are in the same school,Millie's 类别 举例 and her brother's classrooms are on 表示人名、头衔 Mike迈克 different floors. 或尊称 Doctor Black布莱克医生/博士 16.她的话语给了我许多信心和勇气，这促使我采 the United Nations联合国 表示团体或机构 Bank of China中国银行 取行动改变这种坏局面。 Journey to the West《西游记》 The words of hers give me a lot of 表示书籍、报刊、 Time《时代周刊》 confidence and strength,which drove me to take 电影等 Kung Fu Panda《功夫熊猫》 action to change the bad situation. Monday星期一 17.教师节是世界各国举办的为教师们庆祝的节日。 表示星期、月份 May五月 节日 Teachers'Day is a holiday in honor of National Day国庆节 teachers that is celebrated in countries throughout England英格兰 表示国名、地名 the world. Chinatown唐人街 山河名 Qomolangma珠穆朗玛峰 考点④名词短语(6年4考) 由普通名词构成the Great Wall长城 名词+名词 的专有名词 he Palace Museum故宫博物院 History Museum历史博物馆[2020.59 注宣 (1)由普通名词构成的专有名词，一般要加 ·形容词+名词 the。w如：the Changjiang River长江；the National personal/private information私人信息r222.6oj People's Congress全国人民代表大会 red cup/glass红色的杯子[2o21.57] (2)专有名词的首字母都要大写，但虚词一般 big/arge company大公司t2019.s7 不大写，如：the Spring Festival春节；当专有名词用 (更多名词短语见《晨读15分钟》P38》 其缩写时，所有字母均大写，如：WH0世界卫生 情质应用 组织。 18.水污染会给人类和海洋动物带来严重的问题。 情镜应用 Water pollution will cause serious problems 22.大多数人在五月的第二个星期日庆祝母亲节。 to both human beings and sea animals. Most people celebrate Mother's Day on the 19.中药在西方国家正变得很受欢迎。 second Sunday in May. Traditional Chinese Medicine is getting popular in 23.我认为在那里四月是一年中最热的月份。 Vestern countries· I think that April is the hottest month of the 20.到达火车站后，小明发现自己忘带钱包了。 year there. Xiaoming found that he forgot to bring his wallet 24.西安在古代曾是丝绸之路的起点。 when he arrived at the train/railway station. Xi'an was the starting point of the Silk Road 21.。原训习近平主席说：“民族英雄是中华民族 in ancient times. 的脊梁。” 81 令语法专题情境练 【.,完形填空基础题 It is believed that the Chinese knot can bring 1.Don't be afraid!Everything is possible if we have good luck to the family. the A to take the first step. 3.[2024高新一中一模]科学家们的研究改变了人 A.courage B.choice C.ability D.way 们的生活。 2.Peter was asked to finish his C before The researches of scientists make great watching a movie with his friends. differences to people's life. A.book B.game 4.读书为我开启了一个全新的世界并带给我许多 C.homework D.hobby 的快乐。 3.Before getting on the plane,she put her arms Reading books opens up a brand new world to me around her son,giving him a warm D. and brings me a lot of fun/joy/happiness/ A.meeting B.welcome C.dinner D.hug pleasure 4.Wang Li looked up to Lu Xun and wanted to 5.原创黄河流经陕西省，我们已在对其保护方 become a(n)A like him. 面取得进展。 A.writer B.engineer C.musician D.doctor The Yellow River runs across the Shaanxi 5.Peng Lanxi,from Hunan,lost his legs when he Province,and we have made progress in protecting it. was young but the B didn't stop him from V.原圆》短文填空 achieving his dream. 人与自然 环境保护 A.dream B.accident C.hope D.death day zoo mother beauty place birds Ⅱ.短文填空基础题 There are not many whooping cranes(美洲鹤) foot baby school work dish animal in the world.People have to protect these 1.Pre-made meals refer to half-finished or finished 1.beautiful cranes and help them to live safely. dishes that are already cooked or prepared. There are some special 2.zoos in North 2.At Shuixigou Middle School in Xinjiang,the America.People there protect the 3.birds' students can join the school's different eggs.】 They then take care of the baby cranes. skating teams. These eranes do not have 4.mothers to 3.The man added feet to his drawing of a snake follow,so they follow a scientist who wears a crane and failed the game. suit and they walk with a small plane.They listen to 4.The piano sonata Moonlight is one of the most the plane,too.Soon they are happy to fly with the famous works of Beethoven. plane-they think it is their mother! 5.After having the class,we learned that we should Before the weather gets cold,cranes have to fly show respect for other animals'life. to warm 5.places.They do not have a mother to 6.Doctor Lin Qiaozhi helped thousands of mothers to teach them where to go,so they follow a plane.Some give birth to babies. journeys last more than 70 6.days Ⅲ.完成句子 And in spring,when the weather is warm again, 1.[2023陕西，56]我们的体育老师对同学们很友好。 they fly back on their own.These birds can then Our P.E./PE/sports teacher is very friendly teach a new generation of young cranes where to go to students. next year. 2.[2024交大附中二模]人们相信中国结可以为家 素材选自National Geographic 人带来好运。 令请完成《情境作业本》(P55)中的练习题 82