专题05 完形填空（精选名校试题10篇）【考题猜想】-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末考点大串讲（上海）

高一上学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题05 完形填空精选10篇 （原题版） 01 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 Pasta: Loved the World Over What is the world’s favorite when it comes to food? According to a global survey by the U.K. based charity Oxfam, pasta is number one, ahead of meat, rice and pizza. 1 being popular in European countries, pasta is one of the favorites in countries such as the Philippines, Brazil and South Africa. Global sales figures also 2 the world’s love afrair with pasta — they have risen from U.S. $13bn in 2003 to U.S. $16bn in 2010. Analysts predict sales will hit U.S.$19bn by 2015, 3 rising wheat costs. So how did the dish so closely 4 ltaly become a staple of so many tables around the globe? It’s because it is cheap, versatile and convenient, says Jim Winship from the U.K.-based Pizza, Pasta and ltalian Food Association. A sauce to go with it can be made from simple 5 . “You can create lots of 6 dishes with it. It tastes good and it’s filling. It also has a long shelf life, so you can keep it in the larder (食品储藏室) 7 you need to put a meal together.” But that’s only part of its success. Pasta is also relatively easy to 8 and transport around the world, making it a popular product with 9 as well. “It’s always been a(n) 10 product,” says John Dickie, professor in Italian Studies at University College London and author of Delizia! A History of the ltalians and Their Food. “It is 11 one of the things that have contributed to its success — it’s easy to transport and has a long shelf life. It has 12 genes.” Tim Lang, professor of food policy at City University London, says technological advances in the 19 century 13 pasta to be produced on a big scale. But the Industrial Revolution did that for everything else, he adds, and the reason pasta had been 14 successful was because people liked it and the ltalian way of life. “It’s a(n) 15 phenomenon, not an industrial phenomenon,” he says. “People like the ltalian way of life and their simple staple foods.” 1．A．Instead of B．In case of C．As well as D．In terms of 2．A．detect B．reflect C．predict D．analyze 3．A．despite B．given C．as a result of D．in addition to 4．A．involving B．surrounding C．fixed in D．associated with 5．A．choices B．kitchens C．ingredients D．ideas 6．A．delicate B．different C．Italian D．challenging 7．A．if B．until C．as soon as D．whenever 8．A．cook B．recycle C．mass produce D．grow 9．A．food companies B．housewives C．children D．office workers 10．A．agricultural B．industrial C．eco-friendly D．healthy 11．A．definitely B．unlikely C．by no means D．merely 12．A．commercial B．cultural C．delicious D．artistic 13．A．urged B．advised C．allowed D．required 14．A．less B．particularly C．exclusively D．barely 15．A．economic B．regional C．cultural D．accidental 02 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市上海中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 The Pop-up Igloo Polar bears are warm-blooded animals with heavy fat and fur that can survive in freezing Arctic temperatures. They have two types of fur—the long oily hairs and short thick hairs. By 16 the characteristics of these two hairs and their black skin underneath, the polar bears can keep themselves warm. 17 by polar bears, a team of students from the Royal Danish Academy designed a pop-up igloo(弹出式冰屋)—an emergency tent that might make survival in sub-zero areas much more manageable. Led by Henry Glogau, the team said that their design aims to 18 those lost or stranded in extreme conditions. With little visibility and no phone coverage, people may face severe 19 while waiting for rescue in cold polar areas. Rather than fight against the extreme conditions, the team looked to use them to its 20 . “Inspired by snow caves and the conventional winter-used tents, we treat snow as a(n) 21 material rather than a burden,” the team told Vigour Times website. The pop-up igloo adopts a mylar(聚酯薄膜) material, which works 22 to polar bears’ skin. Besides their thick fat and fur, polar bears have black skin underneath, which is ideal for absorbing rays from the Arctic sun to keep themselves warm. The mylar material gives 23 to its inhabitants in the same way by reflecting sunlight into the space inside the tent. The pop-up igloo also features an origami-like(像折纸的) design, which helps to 24 the snow and secure the tent. The origami pockets create areas where snow can 25 on the outside. It prevents heat from escaping from the tent, while holding the tent to the ground. Researchers ensured that the tent could withstand the weight of a 70kg human standing on top to remain 26 in extreme conditions. This adds another 27 layer to everything inside. The team put the tent through 28 testing for one month in Alaska to see its capability. The results showed that at 11.8 to 15 inches of snow cover, a 37℃ 29 in temperature between inside and outside could be maintained on average. In the future, the pop-up igloos could be 30 along hiking routes in cold areas like the Arctic, where they could be set up in seconds when needed. 16．A．gathering B．combining C．comparing D．distinguishing 17．A．Fascinated B．Encouraged C．Threatened D．Inspired 18．A．guide B．comfort C．shelter D．delight 19．A．danger B．boredom C．confusion D．damage 20．A．advantage B．challenge C．defence D．convenience 21．A．original B．novel C．creative D．building 22．A．efficiently B．closely C．similarly D．cleverly 23．A．rays B．light C．heat D．glow 24．A．estimate B．trap C．exclude D．dissolve 25．A．pile up B．melt down C．break down D．last out 26．A．concrete B．everlasting C．stable D．elegant 27．A．heavy B．protective C．external D．flexible 28．A．repetitive B．eventual C．general D．domestic 29．A．fall B．increase C．decline D．difference 30．A．exposed B．restored C．recycled D．placed 03 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海交大附中嘉定分校2023-2024学年 高一上期末英语考试 “Blame My Brain” by Nicola Morgan, reviewed by Rosalie Warren As someone who constantly blames my brain for all sorts of things (not my fault — my brain did it!), I was 31 by the title of Nicola Morgan’s book and only slightly disappointed to learn that it was 32 teenagers. Since I have many days when I feel that I am barely out of my teens (though the mirror, sadly, does not bear this out), I decided that the book might still be relevant to me, and indeed to my relationships with my no-longer-teenage children. The subtitle is “The amazing teenage brain revealed” and amazing is, I soon 33 , exactly what the teenage brain is. I learned that one of the things that 34 to the brain in our early teenage years is a flurry of growth of the dendrites (connections between neurons), followed a few years later by a major pruning session where many of the relatively unused connections are culled and the remaining ones are strengthened and coated with a fatty myelin layer ready for adult life. Not 35 , all this activity is not without its downside for the person “within”, and it goes along way towards 36 why teenagers can be so difficult to live with and to cope with themselves. There are also brain-based explanations of why teenagers need so much sleep, why they don’t tidy their rooms, why they come 37 when the rest of the world is going to sleep and why some of them, at least, are risk-takers. There’s stuff about alcohol and drugs and why such things are not good for the brain, but all of it is written in a very 38 and understanding way that I think teenagers will warm to. Nicola Morgan is not a neurologist or a 39 scientist, but she clearly had done a great deal of research and 40 experts including Professor Simon Baron-Cohen and Professor Susan Greenfield, among many other eminent names in the field. Morgan has a gift for simplifying and explaining 41 subject matter with a light but precise touch, and she is careful to 42 between established facts and theories and speculations of her own and other people’s. There’s plenty of humour and a good few well-deserved digs at the stupidity of parents and other well-meaning but misguided adults, which teenagers will 43 . There are diagrams, tests, photos relating to questions like What emotions can you recognize? Do you 44 other emotions with anger? What kind of thinker are you? Which mental tasks do you find comparatively easy or difficult? There’s also sound advice for addiction, self-harm, depression and other 45 illnesses, and some pointers towards recognizing when you may need to seek help. The illustrations by Andy Baker are great, too. And oh yes — there’s some interesting discussion on the differences between girls’ brains and boys’, if there are any. You’ll have to read it to find out... 31．A．attracted B．interested C．invested D．introduced 32．A．intended to B．aimed at C．targeted by D．appealed to 33．A．defended B．dismissed C．discovered D．differed 34．A．happens B．projects C．evolves D．limits 35．A．surprisingly B．immediately C．unfortunately D．regularly 36．A．expressing B．explaining C．declaring D．exposing 37．A．living B．lively C．alive D．alone 38．A．sympathetic B．pessimistic C．positive D．negative 39．A．laborious B．humorous C．productive D．professional 40．A．consulted B．conducted C．converted D．suggested 41．A．complicated B．simplified C．contrary D．demanding 42．A．denounce B．distinguish C．determine D．depend 43．A．appreciate B．hate C．respect D．reflect 44．A．confuse B．combine C．unite D．associate 45．A．mind B．physical C．mental D．emotional 04 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题 Deepfake Are Deeply Troubling A recent video on the internet has Coco Lee, who died last year, talking to her fans and saying, “From the moment I left this world, I can always feel your endless love and support.” The video looked 46 , but it was a “deepfake” created by AI. AI has 47 to the point where it has become difficult to distinguish what is real from what isn’t. These types of deepfakes are now all over the internet where we see people, usually celebrities and politicians, saying things which they didn’t really say. One “deepfake” has Taylor Swift 48 a brand of cookware. Some “creative” person used AI to manipulate (操控) her image and 49 to make it appear that she were speaking for the product. But there is a more 50 trend in deepfakes that has become more prevalent (普遍的). As with the Coco Lee deepfake, there are people using AI to “resurrect (复活)” their lost loved ones and 51 them. In one recent high-profile case you’re probably aware of, the famous musician Bao Xiaobo used AI to “resurrect” his daughter, who died at the age of twenty-two. With the technology, he is able to talk to her and ask her questions. Though he knew it was fake, he didn’t 52 because he missed her very much. The 53 consequences of not “letting go” of a loved one can be serious. It may cause a person to live in a fantasy world instead of accepting the healthy and necessary process of grieving and 54 with his or her life. 55 , there is a legal aspect to AI deepfakes which has yet to be thoroughly considered. Can a dead person’s image be manipulated to say things which they didn’t say and wouldn’t have said if they were 56 ? Can a person’s image be copyrighted to prevent this from happening? These are some of the questions that 57 will have to consider, and courts will have to decide. In 1931, the British author Aldous Huxley wrote a novel called Brave New World, which was about a future 58 by technology. In many ways we are living in this “Brave New World” and are 59 our “humanity” with all its faults, virtues and limitations. I’m sorry that Coco Lee is gone, and I’m sorry that Tino Bao’s daughter is gone, but grieving is a part of life, and grief, as they say, is the 60 for love. 46．A．interesting B．affectionate C．joyful D．authentic 47．A．sweated B．certified C．progressed D．reacted 48．A．crafting B．promoting C．sampling D．releasing 49．A．identity B．weight C．mind D．voice 50．A．disturbing B．outstanding C．struggling D．entertaining 51．A．look after B．bring up C．interact with D．benefit from 52．A．regret B．admit C．participate D．care 53．A．ethical B．psychological C．imaginary D．financial 54．A．putting up B．coming down C．moving on D．ending up 55．A．Relatively B．Consequently C．Likely D．Additionally 56．A．conscious B．alive C．present D．mindful 57．A．scientists B．creators C．applicants D．lawmakers 58．A．threatened B．innovated C．inhabited D．dominated 59．A．bombarding B．modifying C．losing D．replacing 60．A．signal B．price C．mission D．foundation 05 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市上海市嘉定区2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题 Anyone who has felt a moment of joy when a favorite song comes on the radio at just the right moment or cried along with a singer expressing heartache will understand the emotional power of music. Now, a growing body of scientific evidence demonstrates that music can be 61 too. In a review of 400 research papers looking into the 62 of music, Daniel Levitin, a psychologist and neuroscientist at McGill University in Montreal, found that playing and listening to music had mental and physical health 63 , including improving our immune systems and reducing stress. One 2007 study from a team of Spanish researchers found that listening to music 64 surgery had the effect in reducing pre-operative anxiety. It’s a negative emotion which can affect pain after an operation and 65 time. Another study, conducted in 2018 in Barcelona’s Hospital del Mar, found that 66 participating in a music therapy (疗法) program experienced significant decreases in tiredness, anxiety and breathing difficulties, as well as an increase in feelings of well-being. Music can have a huge effect on helping sick 67 too. Ruth Hunston is a music therapist in the “play department”at the Great Ormond Street Hospital in London, England, who helps give young patients back some sense of 68 . “When children are in the hospital, their worlds get much 69 ,” says Hunston. “They’re having so many things done to them and around them, but music allows them to create something themselves. I’ve had lots of babies in the hospital making sounds because I am 70 to them, and they want more.” The parents also become part of the therapeutic process. “What’s really lovely is when you go in and you start to make music, and the children invite their parents to join,” she says. “There is this beautiful 71 between everyone. Sometimes I will 72 and just watch them play, laugh and have fun.” Finding those 73 moments is the therapist’s role, but as music therapist Sarah Rose Black notes, people have been connecting with music for their whole lives—she is just helping them 74 it again at a time when they need it most. “We are born to be 75 people.” 61．A．research B．medicine C．emotion D．stress 62．A．effects B．causes C．factors D．themes 63．A．benefits B．problems C．influences D．profits 64．A．after B．during C．without D．before 65．A．operation B．participation C．recovery D．therapy 66．A．musicians B．students C．patients D．researchers 67．A．males B．females C．adults D．children 68．A．humor B．duty C．control D．loss 69．A．wider B．smaller C．freer D．deeper 70．A．speaking B．singing C．sticking D．smiling 71．A．conversation B．distinction C．cooperation D．interaction 72．A．step back B．join in C．turn away D．hold on 73．A．puzzling B．meaningful C．ridiculous D．disappointing 74．A．forget B．refuse C．change D．access 75．A．medical B．digital C．musical D．practical 06 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市松江区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 Listening, speaking, reading and writing are necessary to everyday life, where language is the primary tool for expression and communication. Studying how people use language — what words and phrases we unknowingly 76 — can help us better understand ourselves and why we behave the way we do. Linguists attempt to 77 what is individual and general about the language we use. They also try to find how it came into use and the ways it 78 over time. After researches, they consider language as a cultural, social and mental thing. “Understanding why and how languages are different from one another tells about what is human, and in contrast, discovering what’s 79 about languages can help us understand the heart of our humanity,” said Dan Jurafsky, the Professor in Humanities and chair of the Department of Linguistics at Stanford. The stories below show some of the ways linguists have 80 many parts of language. Stanford linguists have found that even the smallest differences in language use is 81 the speakers’ belief, according to research. One study finds that a(n) 82 harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way reflect sexist stereotypes (性别刻板印象). The statement’s grammatical form suggests that being good at math is more 83 for boys than girls, the researchers said. Language can play a(n) 84 role in showing how we and others understand the world. Studying other languages helps us have a better understanding of 85 around the world. People speak about 7,000 languages worldwide. Although there are a lot of similar things among languages, each one is 86 , both in its structure and in the way it reflects the culture of the people who speak it. Jurafsky advised that we shouldn’t only 87 our own language — it’s also important to study other languages and how they develop as time changes. They can help us understand what is rooted in humans’ different way of communicating with one another. Linguists study how certain speech models match special 88 , including how language can influence the buying decision or their social media use, and they both vary a lot among people. 89 , in one research paper, a group of Stanford researchers examined the differences in how two parties — Republicans and Democrats, who have different ways of speech, express themselves online. The purpose is to help us know how a(n) 90 difference of beliefs can occur on social media. “Understanding what different groups of people say and why is the first step in deciding how we can help bring people together,” Jurafsky said. 76．A．analyze B．choose C．recall D．pronounce 77．A．create B．range C．determine D．maintain 78．A．changes B．signals C．selects D．strengthens 79．A．confusing B．rewarding C．ironic D．common 80．A．mastered B．researched C．described D．developed 81．A．ahead of B．relevant to C．taken away from D．held back by 82．A．seemingly B．individually C．embarrassingly D．occasionally 83．A．specific B．tempting C．formal D．natural 84．A．faulty B．secondary C．relaxing D．essential 85．A．communication B．harshness C．establishment D．distance 86．A．limited B．useful C．exceptional D．current 87．A．point to B．center around C．leave behind D．argue over 88．A．comments B．achievements C．confusions D．behaviors 89．A．On the contrary B．In summary C．For example D．As a result 90．A．dramatic B．disgusting C．balanced D．slight 07 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市奉贤区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末调研考试英语试卷 About six months ago, I joined a gym. Every morning, there was one personal trainer there who practised at the same time that my little group did our 91 . He worked out with such a quiet 92 that he made it all look very easy, although I knew all too well how hard he was working. Whenever I tended to complain and 93 , I watched him push himself to his own limits, and I found myself 94 to work as hard and without complaint. A couple of weeks ago, I was watching him do chin-ups (引体向上). He made them look 95 . I broke away from my group and asked him if I could try a chin-up. I had never tried before, but he just made it look so easy. He eagerly stepped aside and 96 me to step up to the bar. I pulled myself up without thinking...once...then twice. That was all I had in me. I had no 97 left. I told him that was all I had, so he stepped up behind me and 98 me up for a third and fourth “pull”. It felt so good. The next day when I was done with my workout, I asked him to spot me again. Again, I did two. Again, on Day 3 and so on. I thought it was a 99 that I could only do two. but when I came lo the gym at the end of the week, he was standing there, nodding his head and said to me he was 100 with my chin-ups. He told me that when they are training firefighters, the men are required to do five chin-ups, and women are required to do one or two. He 101 that most people couldn't do them at all, and that he was amazed that I could. He further told me that if l 102 every day, I would be doing five or six in no time. At this point I should probably 103 that I am 50 years old... and female. If he had told me at the very beginning how 104 it was, I more than likely would not have tried at all. 105 I might have tried, but given it only half an effort, because failure would have been the expectation. I applauded him for letting me believe that for me, it was not only a possibility, but that success was a realistic expectation. 91．A．creating B．training C．maintaining D．confusing 92．A．determination B．courage C．patience D．responsibility 93．A．hold back B．turn over C．run out D．give up 94．A．motivated B．satisfied C．surprised D．challenged 95．A．unbelievable B．balanced C．helpful D．effortless 96．A．encouraged B．forced C．persuaded D．ordered 97．A．confidence B．breath C．strength D．faith 98．A．dragged B．kicked C．pushed D．carried 99．A．concern B．chance C．pressure D．pity 100．A．impressed B．busy C．bored D．strict 101．A．recalled B．announced C．explained D．worried 102．A．learned B．practised C．succeeded D．checked 103．A．complain B．argue C．add D．repeat 104．A．troublesome B．obvious C．disgusting D．difficult 105．A．So B．And C．Or D．While 08 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末质量调研英语试卷 Did you ever have to say “no” to somebody? Such as a classmate asking to have breakfast with you? New research suggests that, at least socially, a rejection shouldn’t include an — 106 . In other words, saying you are sorry doesn’t make the person being rejected feel any better. 107 , it might make the rejected person feel worse. That is 108 .Many people consider it to be good manners to say they are sorry when they 109 a request. Gili Freedman is doing some related research at Dartmouth College. For her research, she asked over 1,000 people to respond to different 110 of social rejection. In one instance, the researchers asked people for their 111 after a person named Taylor asked to join a co-worker who went out to lunch every Friday. And Taylor was told “no”. But in some cases, the person rejecting Taylor 112 an apology. In other cases, the people doing the rejection did not say they were 113 . People were asked how they would 114 if they were being turned down, just as Taylor was. Most said they would be more 115 by a rejection with an apology than a rejection without an apology. Gili Freedman said the reason is that apologies make people feel like that the rejection was 116 — even when they felt-like it was not okay. Rejection without an apology lets them express their feelings of 117 , hurt or anger more easily. Freedman also said that an apology often makes the person 118 feel better — even as it makes the person being rejected feel worse. However, her research deals only with 119 communication. A business situation might be very 120 . “If a manager rejects a job interviewee or a boss must tell an employee that he or she is being fired from a job,” Freedman said, “reactions to apologies maybe another case.” 106．A．excuse B．apology C．analysis D．explanation 107．A．In fact B．In particular C．Above all D．As a result 108．A．challenging B．alarming C．disappointing D．surprising 109．A．cope with B．hand over C．turn down D．send back 110．A．ideas B．examples C．functions D．rules 111．A．comment B．advice C．reaction D．choice 112．A．accepted B．deserved C．expected D．offered 113．A．helpless B．sorry C．upset D．anxious 114．A．feel B．interact C．behave D．strive 115．A．inspired B．pleased C．embarrassed D．hurt 116．A．flexible B．beneficial C．acceptable D．sufficient 117．A．displeasure B．resistance C．envy D．boredness 118．A．being turned down B．being talked with C．doing the rejection D．expressing the anger 119．A．written B．social C．global D．mass 120．A．different B．effective C．direct D．official 09 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末区统考英语试卷 Procrastination (拖延) is one of the world’s worst time: You have so much that you need to do, but when it comes to actually sitting down and getting it done, it seems basically 121 . But what if I told you that the 122 of procrastination, a phenomenon called pre-crastination, could be just as bad? A new study conducted by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania recently dealt with the topic of pre-crastination — and it turns out that it could be a huge problem for many of us. If you’re wondering how the contrary of procrastination could be a 123 thing, it’s because it means we’re completing tasks just in order to 124 them. Pre-crastination refers to the desire to do things 125 , but only to ease the anxiety over leaving a particular task undone. 126 , imagine that you have to respond to an email. In your 127 to get the email out of your inbox, you make a bunch of spelling and grammar errors in your response because you typed it out so quickly. That would be a situation of pre-crastination. I know that in my own life, I like to 128 the easy tasks on my to-do list first, since they can be checked off more quickly, making me feel a lot more accomplished in the process. I just thought I was 129 , but I now know that this is an action of pre-crastinating the easy tasks so I could say I got them done, while at the same time procrastinating the more 130 tasks I left at the bottom of my list. The discovery of pre-crastination leads to all kinds of questions about 131 and productivity. Now it seems that we have to not only worry about 132 things unnecessarily, but also doing things too fast or completing easy tasks so that we can get them done. The researchers mentioned this in their article, published in Scientific American, in which they advise 133 procrastination and pre-crastination by dividing your large tasks into smaller ones. That way, you can finish seemingly difficult tasks, but also avoid completing all of the simple ones 134 . I know that I’ll definitely be more careful when it comes to how I 135 my to-do list from now on. 121．A．meaningful B．impossible C．practical D．terrible 122．A．function B．account C．effect D．opposite 123．A．negative B．dangerous C．creative D．beneficial 124．A．ignore B．complete C．face D．develop 125．A．successfully B．immediately C．creatively D．positively 126．A．However B．For instance C．In addition D．In short 127．A．memory B．duty C．hurry D．exchange 128．A．come across B．look through C．get over D．get through 129．A．prioritizing B．choosing C．saving D．quoting 130．A．labor-saving B．helpful C．complex D．rewarding 131．A．suggestion B．behavior C．to-do list D．task 132．A．reflecting on B．setting up C．responding to D．putting off 133．A．avoiding B．updating C．observing D．encouraging 134．A．entirely B．carelessly C．first D．last 135．A．summarize B．master C．organize D．recall 10 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市曹杨二中2023-2024学年高一上学期期末试卷 Please stop ruining children’s summer camp Teslie Conrad is the director of Clemson Outdoor Lab in South Carolina, which runs several different youth summer camps. Clemson 136 cell phones and other electronic devices in summer camps. And according to the American Camp Association, most sleep-away camps in the United States 137 access to cell phones. This makes sense. We traditionally think of summer camps as a place where we get to swim in a lake, camp under the stars and make new 138 over campfires and outdoor adventures, not one where we text and play video games. Researchers say that campers develop invaluable social skills, while facing risks and working their way through their feelings of homesickness — all 139 . “It’s kind of like letting go of everything and coming to a different world,” says Alexa Sherman, an 11-year-old camper. Many of the campers there say they 140 YouTube and Snapchat, but they quickly come to appreciate the hands-on activities and in-person friendships. The people who have the 141 time letting go, camp directors say, aren’t necessarily the campers themselves, but instead their parents. Barry Garst studies youth development at Clemson University. He said that whether you call them “helicopter”, “snowmobile” or “lawnmower” parents, over-involved parenting is having a negative overall effect and is 142 the types of positive interpersonal experiences these camps are meant to provide for youth. Not weather, not water safety, not dangerous bears. It’s parents who call every day demanding 143 on their kids and who expect to hear from the camp director about every skinned knee. Meg Barthel, the lead girls’ counselor at camp Echo, carries a device with access to Wi-Fi around camp. “I have to 144 the mothers who are used to having constant communication with their daughters,” she says. How many 145 a day? “Up to 100.” Some camps address parents’ 146 for updates by posting pictures and videos online. But sometimes this can have the 147 effect. In response, they’ll often receive the following phone call: “Hello, camp director, I was on your 148 and I don’t see them. Are they OK? Were they sent to the hospital?” Research on over-parenting, says Garst, shows that when parents behave this way, the development of a child’s sense of 149 can be slowed or can become altogether halted. The parents are sending the message that they don’t think their kids can get through tough moments on their own, and the kids pick up on this attitude. “Children are not really learning how to 150 for themselves.” 136．A．bans B．produces C．searches D．provides 137．A．want B．limit C．enable D．improve 138．A．friends B．decisions C．investments D．mistakes 139．A．on purpose B．in agreement C．by themselves D．with excitement 140．A．use B．uninstall C．forget D．miss 141．A．first B．hardest C．shortest D．greatest 142．A．finding B．attending C．ruining D．setting up 143．A．comments B．reports C．studies D．focus 144．A．respond to B．chat with C．seek out D．argue against 145．A．problems B．parents C．messages D．lessons 146．A．plan B．wait C．pause D．thirst 147．A．magical B．opposite C．protective D．similar 148．A．website B．campsite C．phone D．list 149．A．self-awareness B．knowledge C．independence D．intelligence 150．A．make friends B．ask questions C．make plans D．solve problems 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高一上学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题05 完形填空精选10篇 （解析版） 01 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 Pasta: Loved the World Over What is the world’s favorite when it comes to food? According to a global survey by the U.K. based charity Oxfam, pasta is number one, ahead of meat, rice and pizza. 1 being popular in European countries, pasta is one of the favorites in countries such as the Philippines, Brazil and South Africa. Global sales figures also 2 the world’s love afrair with pasta — they have risen from U.S. $13bn in 2003 to U.S. $16bn in 2010. Analysts predict sales will hit U.S.$19bn by 2015, 3 rising wheat costs. So how did the dish so closely 4 ltaly become a staple of so many tables around the globe? It’s because it is cheap, versatile and convenient, says Jim Winship from the U.K.-based Pizza, Pasta and ltalian Food Association. A sauce to go with it can be made from simple 5 . “You can create lots of 6 dishes with it. It tastes good and it’s filling. It also has a long shelf life, so you can keep it in the larder (食品储藏室) 7 you need to put a meal together.” But that’s only part of its success. Pasta is also relatively easy to 8 and transport around the world, making it a popular product with 9 as well. “It’s always been a(n) 10 product,” says John Dickie, professor in Italian Studies at University College London and author of Delizia! A History of the ltalians and Their Food. “It is 11 one of the things that have contributed to its success — it’s easy to transport and has a long shelf life. It has 12 genes.” Tim Lang, professor of food policy at City University London, says technological advances in the 19 century 13 pasta to be produced on a big scale. But the Industrial Revolution did that for everything else, he adds, and the reason pasta had been 14 successful was because people liked it and the ltalian way of life. “It’s a(n) 15 phenomenon, not an industrial phenomenon,” he says. “People like the ltalian way of life and their simple staple foods.” 1．A．Instead of B．In case of C．As well as D．In terms of 2．A．detect B．reflect C．predict D．analyze 3．A．despite B．given C．as a result of D．in addition to 4．A．involving B．surrounding C．fixed in D．associated with 5．A．choices B．kitchens C．ingredients D．ideas 6．A．delicate B．different C．Italian D．challenging 7．A．if B．until C．as soon as D．whenever 8．A．cook B．recycle C．mass produce D．grow 9．A．food companies B．housewives C．children D．office workers 10．A．agricultural B．industrial C．eco-friendly D．healthy 11．A．definitely B．unlikely C．by no means D．merely 12．A．commercial B．cultural C．delicious D．artistic 13．A．urged B．advised C．allowed D．required 14．A．less B．particularly C．exclusively D．barely 15．A．economic B．regional C．cultural D．accidental 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．A 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了意面受到全世界人们的欢迎及其成功原因。 1．考查固定短语辨析。句意：意面不仅在欧洲国家很受欢迎，在菲律宾、巴西和南非等国家也很受欢迎。A. Instead of而不是；B. In case of以防；C. As well as除……之外还；D. In terms of就……而言。根据前文“being popular in European countries”及后文“pasta is one of the favorites in countries such as the Philippines, Brazil and South Africa”可知，意面除了在欧洲国家很受欢迎，在其他地区也受欢迎。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：全球销售数据也反映了全世界对意面的喜爱。A. detect查明；B. reflect反映；C. predict预测；D. analyze分析。根据前文“According to a global survey by the U.K.”及“Global sales figures also”可知，除了全球调查，全球销售数据也反映了全世界对意面的喜爱。故选B项。 3．考查介词及短语辨析。句意：分析师预测，尽管小麦价格上涨，但到2015年，销售额将达到190亿美元。A. despite尽管；B. given鉴于；C. as a result of作为……的结果；D. in addition to除了……之外。根据前文“sales will hit U.S.$19bn by 2015”及后文“rising wheat costs”可知，前后构成让步关系，尽管小麦价格上涨，但意面销售额不降反增。故选A项。 4．考查动词及短语辨析。句意：那么，这道与意大利联系如此紧密的菜肴是如何成为全球众多餐桌上的主食的呢? A. involving涉及；B. surrounding包围；C. fixed in安装，适应；D. associated with与……有关。根据前文“pasta is number one”及后文“ltaly”可知，意面是与意大利紧密相关的菜肴。故选D项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：用简单的食材就可以制作出配酱。A. choices选择；B. kitchens厨房；C. ingredients原料；D. ideas想法。根据前文“A sauce to go with it can be made”及常识可知，意面蘸酱是用各种食材制作而成。故选C项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可以用它做很多不同的菜。A. delicate精致的；B. different不同的；C. Italian意大利的；D. challenging有挑战性的。根据前文“ lots of”及后文“dishes”可知，可以用它做多种菜肴。故选B项。 7．考查连词词义辨析。句意：它的保质期也很长，所以你可以把它放在储藏室里，直到你需要做饭的时候再拿出来。A. if如果；B. until直到；C. as soon as一……就；D. whenever无论何时。根据前文“It also has a long shelf life”及后文“you need to put a meal together”可知，它保质期长，可以随用随取。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：意面也相对容易大规模生产和在世界各地运输，这也使它成为食品公司的热门产品。A. cook烹饪；B. recycle回收利用；C. mass produce大规模生产；D. grow生长。根据后文“transport around the world, making it a popular product with ___9 _”及“pasta to be produced on a big scale”可知，意面容易保存和运输，也可以批量生产，使得它受到食品公司的青睐。故选C项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：意大利面也相对容易大规模生产和在世界各地运输，这也使它成为食品公司的热门产品。A. food companies食品公司；B. housewives家庭主妇；C. children儿童；D. office workers办公室职员。根据前文“Pasta is also relatively easy to __8___ and transport around the world”可知，意面因其易生产和易运输的特点受到食品公司的青睐。故选A项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它一直是一种工业产品。A. agricultural农业的；B. industrial工业的；C. eco-friendly环境友好的；D. healthy健康的。根据前文“It also has a long shelf life”及“Pasta is also relatively easy to __8___ and transport around the world”可知，意面易批量生产，易运输，保质期长，这是工业产品的特征。故选B项。 11．考查副词及短语辨析。句意：这绝对是它成功的原因之一——运输方便，保质期长。它有商业基因。A. definitely肯定地，无疑地；B. unlikely未必；C. by no means绝不；D. merely仅仅。根据后文“it’s easy to transport and has a long shelf life”可知，运输方便，保质期长绝对是意面成功的原因之一。故选A项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这绝对是它成功的原因之一——运输方便，保质期长。它有商业基因。A. commercial商业的；B. cultural文化的；C. delicious美味的；D. artistic艺术的。根据前文“Pasta is also relatively easy to __8___ and transport around the world”及“it’s easy to transport and has a long shelf life”可知，意面易批量生产，易运输，保质期长，这是商业产品的特征。故选A项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：19世纪的技术进步使得意面得以大规模生产。A. urged敦促；B. advised建议；C. allowed允许，使有可能；D. required要求。根据前文“technological advances”及后文“pasta to be produced on a big scale”可知，科技进步使得意面批量生产成为可能。故选C项。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但工业革命改变了其他一切，他补充说，意面之所以特别成功，是因为人们喜欢它和意大利的生活方式。A. less更少；B. particularly尤其；C. exclusively唯一地；D. barely几乎不。根据后文“because people liked it and the ltalian way of life”可知，人们的喜爱是意大利面尤其成功的深层原因。故选B项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种文化现象，而不是工业现象。A. economic经济的；B. regional地区的；C. cultural文化的；D. accidental偶然的。根据后文“People like the ltalian way of life and their simple staple foods.”可知，意面成功的深层原因是人们对意大利生活方式的追求，所以意面的成功代表了一种文化现象。故选C项。 02 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市上海中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 The Pop-up Igloo Polar bears are warm-blooded animals with heavy fat and fur that can survive in freezing Arctic temperatures. They have two types of fur—the long oily hairs and short thick hairs. By 16 the characteristics of these two hairs and their black skin underneath, the polar bears can keep themselves warm. 17 by polar bears, a team of students from the Royal Danish Academy designed a pop-up igloo(弹出式冰屋)—an emergency tent that might make survival in sub-zero areas much more manageable. Led by Henry Glogau, the team said that their design aims to 18 those lost or stranded in extreme conditions. With little visibility and no phone coverage, people may face severe 19 while waiting for rescue in cold polar areas. Rather than fight against the extreme conditions, the team looked to use them to its 20 . “Inspired by snow caves and the conventional winter-used tents, we treat snow as a(n) 21 material rather than a burden,” the team told Vigour Times website. The pop-up igloo adopts a mylar(聚酯薄膜) material, which works 22 to polar bears’ skin. Besides their thick fat and fur, polar bears have black skin underneath, which is ideal for absorbing rays from the Arctic sun to keep themselves warm. The mylar material gives 23 to its inhabitants in the same way by reflecting sunlight into the space inside the tent. The pop-up igloo also features an origami-like(像折纸的) design, which helps to 24 the snow and secure the tent. The origami pockets create areas where snow can 25 on the outside. It prevents heat from escaping from the tent, while holding the tent to the ground. Researchers ensured that the tent could withstand the weight of a 70kg human standing on top to remain 26 in extreme conditions. This adds another 27 layer to everything inside. The team put the tent through 28 testing for one month in Alaska to see its capability. The results showed that at 11.8 to 15 inches of snow cover, a 37℃ 29 in temperature between inside and outside could be maintained on average. In the future, the pop-up igloos could be 30 along hiking routes in cold areas like the Arctic, where they could be set up in seconds when needed. 16．A．gathering B．combining C．comparing D．distinguishing 17．A．Fascinated B．Encouraged C．Threatened D．Inspired 18．A．guide B．comfort C．shelter D．delight 19．A．danger B．boredom C．confusion D．damage 20．A．advantage B．challenge C．defence D．convenience 21．A．original B．novel C．creative D．building 22．A．efficiently B．closely C．similarly D．cleverly 23．A．rays B．light C．heat D．glow 24．A．estimate B．trap C．exclude D．dissolve 25．A．pile up B．melt down C．break down D．last out 26．A．concrete B．everlasting C．stable D．elegant 27．A．heavy B．protective C．external D．flexible 28．A．repetitive B．eventual C．general D．domestic 29．A．fall B．increase C．decline D．difference 30．A．exposed B．restored C．recycled D．placed 【答案】 16．B 17．D 18．C 19．A 20．A 21．D 22．C 23．C 24．B 25．A 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了丹麦皇家学院的学生受北极熊抗寒身体构造的启发，设计一种弹出式冰屋，能够帮助人们在寒冷地区生存。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过将这两种毛和下面黑色皮肤的特征相结合，北极熊可以保暖。A. gathering聚集；B. combining（使）结合；C. comparing比较；D. distinguishing区分，辨别。根据空后的“the characteristics of these two hairs and their black skin underneath”可知，这里表示将北极熊两种毛的特点和其下面黑色皮肤的特点相结合。故选B。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：受北极熊的启发，丹麦皇家学院的一组学生设计了一个弹出式冰屋，这是一个应急帐篷，可能会使零度以下地区的生存更加容易应付。A. Fascinated深深吸引，迷住；B. Encouraged鼓励；C. Threatened威胁，恐吓；D. Inspired激励，启发。根据上文中的“By 　　1　　the characteristics of these two hairs and their black skin underneath, the polar bears can keep themselves warm.(通过将这两种毛和下面黑色皮肤的特征相结合，北极熊可以保暖。)”和下文中的“Inspired by...”可知，这些学生设计出能够让人在寒冷地区生存下来的弹出式冰屋是从北极熊身上获得了灵感。故选D。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个团队由Henry Glogau领导，该团队表示，他们的设计旨在为那些在极端条件下迷路或被困的人提供庇护。A. guide指引，指导；B. comfort安慰；C. shelter为……提供庇护处；D. delight使高兴。根据空后的“those lost or stranded in extreme conditions”可知，这里表示为那些在极端条件下迷路或被困的人提供庇护。故选C。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于能见度低，没有电话覆盖，人们在寒冷的极地等待救援时可能面临严重危险。A. danger危险；B. boredom无聊；C. confusion困惑；D. damage伤害。根据句中的“With little visibility and no phone coverage”和“in cold polar areas”并结合常识可知，在寒冷的极地，视线受阻且没有电话信号，人们的处境会非常危险。故选A。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该团队并没有与极端条件作斗争，而是希望利用这些条件达到自己的优势。A. advantage优势，有利条件；B. challenge挑战；C. defence防御，保护；D. convenience方便。根据句中的“Rather than fight against the extreme conditions”可知，他们没有与极端条件作斗争，而是希望将这些极端条件转变成有利条件。故选A。 21．考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：该团队告诉Vigour Times网站：“受雪洞和传统冬季使用的帐篷的启发，我们将雪作为一种建筑材料，而不是一种负担”。A. original原来的；B. novel新颖的；C. creative创造（性）的；D. building建筑。根据空后的“material”和下文中的“The origami pockets create areas where snow can 　　10　　on the outside.(折纸口袋创造了一个区域，雪可以在外面……)”可知，他们将雪作为一种建筑材料。故选D。 22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：弹出式冰屋采用聚酯薄膜材料，其工作原理与北极熊的皮肤相似。A. efficiently效率高地；B. closely仔细地，严密地；C. similarly相似地；D. cleverly聪明地。根据空后的“to polar bears’ skin”和下文中的“The mylar material gives 　　8　　to its inhabitants in the same way”可知，聚酯薄膜材料的作用与北极熊的皮肤相似。故选C。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：聚酯薄膜材料通过将阳光反射到帐篷内的空间，以同样的方式为其居民提供热量。A. rays光线；B. light光，光线；C. heat热，温度；D. glow暗淡的光。根据上文中的“Besides their thick fat and fur, polar bears have black skin underneath, which is ideal for absorbing rays from the Arctic sun to keep themselves warm.(除了厚厚的脂肪和皮毛外，北极熊下面还有黑色的皮肤，这对吸收北极太阳光线保暖来说非常理想。)”和句中的“in the same way by reflecting sunlight into the space inside the tent”可知，聚酯薄膜材料将阳光反射到帐篷内部，可以储存热量，和北极熊的皮肤保暖作用相似。故选C。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：弹出式冰屋还采用了类似折纸的设计，有助于锁住雪并固定帐篷。A. estimate估计，估价；B. trap卡住；C. exclude不包括；D. dissolve溶解。根据句中的“an origami-like(像折纸的) design”和“secure the tent”并结合常识可知，折纸的凹处能够锁住雪，从而达到固定帐篷的效果。故选B。 25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：折纸口袋创造了雪可以堆积在外面的区域。A. pile up堆积，积压；B. melt down熔化；C. break down出故障；D. last out尽力维持下去。根据上文中的“which helps to 　　9　　the snow and secure the tent”并结合常识可知，这种设计可以锁住雪，让雪在上面堆积，从而保持固定。故选A。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员确保帐篷能够承受70公斤重的人站在上面的重量，以便在极端条件下保持牢固。A. concrete具体的；B. everlasting永久的，永恒的；C. stable稳固的，牢固的；D. elegant优美的。根据上文中的“secure the tent”和“holding the tent to the ground”可知，这里指保持帐篷牢固。故选C。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这为里面的一切增加了另一层保护层。A. heavy重的；B. protective保护的，防护的；C. external外部的；D. flexible灵活的。根据上文中的“The origami pockets create areas where snow can 　　10　　 on the outside.(折纸口袋创造了雪可以堆积在外面的区域。)”和“Researchers ensured that the tent could withstand the weight of a 70kg human standing on top to remain 　　11　　in extreme conditions.(研究人员确保帐篷能够承受70公斤重的人站在上面的重量，以便在极端条件下保持牢固。)”可知，这种帐篷上面留了让雪堆积的区域，且承重性强，能够在极端条件下保持牢固，根据常识可知，这给帐篷内部的一切增加了一层保护。故选B。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该团队在阿拉斯加对帐篷进行了一个月的重复测试，以了解其性能。A. repetitive多次重复的；B. eventual最终的；C. general普遍的；D. domestic国内的。根据空后的“testing for one month in Alaska to see its capability”并结合常识可知，为了测试帐篷的性能，应该会对其进行多次测试。故选A。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果表明，在11.8至15英寸的积雪下，室内外温度平均可以保持37℃的差异。A. fall下落，降落；B. increase增加；C. decline下降，减少；D. difference差别，差异。根据空后的“in temperature between inside and outside”可知，这里表示室内外的温差。故选D。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：未来，这些弹出式冰屋可以放置在北极等寒冷地区的徒步路线上，在需要的时候可以在几秒钟内搭建起来。A. exposed暴露，显露；B. restored恢复；C. recycled回收利用；D. placed放置，安放。根据句中的“where they could be set up in seconds when needed”可知，应该是把这些弹出式冰屋放置在有需要的路线上，以便在有需要时可以让人们快速搭建使用。故选D。 03 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海交大附中嘉定分校2023-2024学年 高一上期末英语考试 “Blame My Brain” by Nicola Morgan, reviewed by Rosalie Warren As someone who constantly blames my brain for all sorts of things (not my fault — my brain did it!), I was 31 by the title of Nicola Morgan’s book and only slightly disappointed to learn that it was 32 teenagers. Since I have many days when I feel that I am barely out of my teens (though the mirror, sadly, does not bear this out), I decided that the book might still be relevant to me, and indeed to my relationships with my no-longer-teenage children. The subtitle is “The amazing teenage brain revealed” and amazing is, I soon 33 , exactly what the teenage brain is. I learned that one of the things that 34 to the brain in our early teenage years is a flurry of growth of the dendrites (connections between neurons), followed a few years later by a major pruning session where many of the relatively unused connections are culled and the remaining ones are strengthened and coated with a fatty myelin layer ready for adult life. Not 35 , all this activity is not without its downside for the person “within”, and it goes along way towards 36 why teenagers can be so difficult to live with and to cope with themselves. There are also brain-based explanations of why teenagers need so much sleep, why they don’t tidy their rooms, why they come 37 when the rest of the world is going to sleep and why some of them, at least, are risk-takers. There’s stuff about alcohol and drugs and why such things are not good for the brain, but all of it is written in a very 38 and understanding way that I think teenagers will warm to. Nicola Morgan is not a neurologist or a 39 scientist, but she clearly had done a great deal of research and 40 experts including Professor Simon Baron-Cohen and Professor Susan Greenfield, among many other eminent names in the field. Morgan has a gift for simplifying and explaining 41 subject matter with a light but precise touch, and she is careful to 42 between established facts and theories and speculations of her own and other people’s. There’s plenty of humour and a good few well-deserved digs at the stupidity of parents and other well-meaning but misguided adults, which teenagers will 43 . There are diagrams, tests, photos relating to questions like What emotions can you recognize? Do you 44 other emotions with anger? What kind of thinker are you? Which mental tasks do you find comparatively easy or difficult? There’s also sound advice for addiction, self-harm, depression and other 45 illnesses, and some pointers towards recognizing when you may need to seek help. The illustrations by Andy Baker are great, too. And oh yes — there’s some interesting discussion on the differences between girls’ brains and boys’, if there are any. You’ll have to read it to find out... 31．A．attracted B．interested C．invested D．introduced 32．A．intended to B．aimed at C．targeted by D．appealed to 33．A．defended B．dismissed C．discovered D．differed 34．A．happens B．projects C．evolves D．limits 35．A．surprisingly B．immediately C．unfortunately D．regularly 36．A．expressing B．explaining C．declaring D．exposing 37．A．living B．lively C．alive D．alone 38．A．sympathetic B．pessimistic C．positive D．negative 39．A．laborious B．humorous C．productive D．professional 40．A．consulted B．conducted C．converted D．suggested 41．A．complicated B．simplified C．contrary D．demanding 42．A．denounce B．distinguish C．determine D．depend 43．A．appreciate B．hate C．respect D．reflect 44．A．confuse B．combine C．unite D．associate 45．A．mind B．physical C．mental D．emotional 【答案】 31．A 32．B 33．C 34．A 35．A 36．B 37．C 38．A 39．D 40．A 41．A 42．B 43．A 44．A 45．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者对Blame My Brain这本书做了介绍和评论，对其中的主要观点进行了摘要，并且对这本书大加赞赏。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个总是把各种各样的事情都归咎于我的大脑的人（这不是我的错——是我的大脑干的！），我被尼古拉·摩根的这本书的标题所吸引，只是在得知它是针对青少年的时候有点失望。A. attracted吸引；B. interested感兴趣；C. invested投资；D. introduced介绍。根据上文“As someone who constantly blames my brain for all sorts of things”可知，作者是一个经常因为各种理由责怪自己大脑的人，说明她对大脑方面的研究所吸引，注意be interested in才是正确搭配，不能接by，故选A项。 32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我被尼古拉·摩根的书的书名吸引住了，但得知这本书是针对青少年的，我只是有点失望。A. intended to给……准备；B. aimed at目标是；C. targeted by被……瞄准；D. appealed to吸引。根据上文“only slightly disappointed”可知，作者有点失望，因为这本书不是给成人准备的，而是针对青少年的，注意be intended to do才是正确搭配，后面不接人或物，故选B项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个标题是“令人惊奇的青少年大脑揭示”，令人惊奇的是，我很快就发现，青少年的大脑到底是什么。A. defended防卫；B. dismissed解散；C. discovered发现；D. differed不同。根据下文“I learned that …”可知，作者从书中学到了青少年大脑发育的规律，这便是有所发现，故选C项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我了解到在我们十几岁的时候大脑发生的事情之一就是树突的生长。A. happens发生；B. projects投射；C. evolves进化；D. limits限制。根据横线后的“to”可知，横线上的动词应该和to能形成固定搭配，happen to的意思是“发生在……上”，符合题意，故选A项。 35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：毫不令人吃惊的是，对于“内在”的人来说，所有这些活动都有它的缺点，而且它也解释了为什么青少年会如此难以相处和自我适应。A. surprisingly令人惊讶地；B. immediately立即地；C. unfortunately不幸地；D. regularly规律地。根据上文“I learned that one of the things that 4 to the brain in our early teenage years is a flurry of growth of the dendrites (connections between neurons), followed a few years later by a major pruning session where many of the relatively unused connections are culled and the remaining ones are strengthened and coated with a fatty myelin layer ready for adult life.”可知，青少年的大脑神经会不断成长出树突，然后有些会脱落，有些会保留下来为成年生活做准备，这便解释了青少年的一些行为特点，这个过程是自然的，是不令人惊讶的，故选A项。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：毫不令人惊讶的是，对于“内在”的人来说，所有这些活动都有它的缺点，而且它也解释了为什么青少年会如此难以生活和自我适应。A. expressing表达；B. explaining解释；C. declaring宣布；D. exposing暴露。根据下文“why”可知，为什么青少年会如此难以相处呢，书中做出了解释，故选B项。 37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于为什么青少年需要如此多的睡眠，为什么他们不整理自己的房间，为什么当世界上的其他人要睡觉的时候，他们变得活跃起来，以及为什么他们中的一些人是冒险的人，也有一些基于大脑的解释。A. living活着的；B. lively生动活泼的；C. alive活跃的；D. alone孤单的。根据下文“when the rest of the world is going to sleep”可知，别人睡觉了，青少年正好相反，他们就活跃起来了，注意lively修饰的物品或场面是活跃的，故选C项。 38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有关于酒精和毒品的东西，为什么这些东西对大脑没有好处，但所有这些都是用一种非常积极和理解的方式写的，我认为青少年会对此感到温暖。A. sympathetic同情的；B. pessimistic消极的；C. positive积极的；D. negative悲观的。根据下文的“understanding”可知，这些内容是用一种善解人意的方式写成的，横线处应该填的是一个褒义词，才能通过and和understanding连接在一起，故选A项。 39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尼古拉·摩根不是神经学家或专业科学家，但她显然做了大量的研究，并咨询了许多专家，包括西蒙·巴隆-科恩教授和苏珊·格林菲尔德教授等。A. laborious费力的；B. humorous幽默的；C. productive高产的；D. professional专业的。根据上文“neurologist”可知，尼古拉并不是一位类似于神经学家这样的专业科学家，professional可以通过or和neurologist连接在一起，故选D项。 40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尼古拉·摩根不是神经学家或专业科学家，但她显然做了大量的研究，并咨询了许多专家，包括西蒙·巴隆-科恩教授和苏珊·格林菲尔德教授等。A. consulted咨询；B. conducted开展；C. converted转换；D. suggested建议。根据上文“she clearly had done a great deal of research”可知，她做过很多研究，肯定也得咨询专家，故选A项。 41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：摩根有一种天赋，能以轻松而精确的方式来简化和解释复杂的主题，她小心翼翼地区分已确立的事实、理论，以及自己和他人的猜测。A. complicated复杂的；B. simplified简化的；C. contrary相反的；D. demanding要求高的。根据上文“simplifying”可知，摩根斯有一种能力可以简化和解释复杂的问题，只有复杂的问题才可以被简化，故选A项。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：摩根有一种天赋，能以轻松而精确的方式来简化和解释复杂的主题，她小心翼翼地区分已确立的事实、理论，以及自己和他人的猜测。A. denounce谴责；B. distinguish区分；C. determine决定；D. depend依靠。根据下文“between established facts and theories and speculations”可知，distinguish between A and B是固定搭配，意思是将A和B分辨开，故选B项。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对父母和其他善意但被误导的成年人的愚蠢，社会上已经存在着很多幽默的映射和应得的深究，这是青少年们会欣赏的。A. appreciate欣赏；B. hate讨厌；C. respect尊敬；D. reflect反射、反思。根据上文“humour and a good few well-deserved digs at the stupidity”可知，父母或其他成年人或许对青少年抱有误解，显得他们很愚蠢，社会上对这些现象有很多映射，青少年看到了自然会觉得开心，故而欣赏，故选A项。 44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你会把其它情绪和愤怒混淆吗？A. confuse混淆；B. combine结合；C. unite联合；D. associate联系。根据下文“anger”可知，这些情绪属于负面情绪，需要选择一个负面意思的动词，负面情绪是很容易被混淆的，故选A项。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于成瘾、自残、抑郁和其他精神疾病也有很好的建议，还有一些关于何时需要寻求帮助的建议。A. mind思想的；B. physical生理的；C. mental精神的；D. emotional情绪的。根据上文“addiction, self-harm, depression”可知，这些都属于精神层面的问题，故选C项。 04 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题 Deepfake Are Deeply Troubling A recent video on the internet has Coco Lee, who died last year, talking to her fans and saying, “From the moment I left this world, I can always feel your endless love and support.” The video looked 46 , but it was a “deepfake” created by AI. AI has 47 to the point where it has become difficult to distinguish what is real from what isn’t. These types of deepfakes are now all over the internet where we see people, usually celebrities and politicians, saying things which they didn’t really say. One “deepfake” has Taylor Swift 48 a brand of cookware. Some “creative” person used AI to manipulate (操控) her image and 49 to make it appear that she were speaking for the product. But there is a more 50 trend in deepfakes that has become more prevalent (普遍的). As with the Coco Lee deepfake, there are people using AI to “resurrect (复活)” their lost loved ones and 51 them. In one recent high-profile case you’re probably aware of, the famous musician Bao Xiaobo used AI to “resurrect” his daughter, who died at the age of twenty-two. With the technology, he is able to talk to her and ask her questions. Though he knew it was fake, he didn’t 52 because he missed her very much. The 53 consequences of not “letting go” of a loved one can be serious. It may cause a person to live in a fantasy world instead of accepting the healthy and necessary process of grieving and 54 with his or her life. 55 , there is a legal aspect to AI deepfakes which has yet to be thoroughly considered. Can a dead person’s image be manipulated to say things which they didn’t say and wouldn’t have said if they were 56 ? Can a person’s image be copyrighted to prevent this from happening? These are some of the questions that 57 will have to consider, and courts will have to decide. In 1931, the British author Aldous Huxley wrote a novel called Brave New World, which was about a future 58 by technology. In many ways we are living in this “Brave New World” and are 59 our “humanity” with all its faults, virtues and limitations. I’m sorry that Coco Lee is gone, and I’m sorry that Tino Bao’s daughter is gone, but grieving is a part of life, and grief, as they say, is the 60 for love. 46．A．interesting B．affectionate C．joyful D．authentic 47．A．sweated B．certified C．progressed D．reacted 48．A．crafting B．promoting C．sampling D．releasing 49．A．identity B．weight C．mind D．voice 50．A．disturbing B．outstanding C．struggling D．entertaining 51．A．look after B．bring up C．interact with D．benefit from 52．A．regret B．admit C．participate D．care 53．A．ethical B．psychological C．imaginary D．financial 54．A．putting up B．coming down C．moving on D．ending up 55．A．Relatively B．Consequently C．Likely D．Additionally 56．A．conscious B．alive C．present D．mindful 57．A．scientists B．creators C．applicants D．lawmakers 58．A．threatened B．innovated C．inhabited D．dominated 59．A．bombarding B．modifying C．losing D．replacing 60．A．signal B．price C．mission D．foundation 【答案】 46．D 47．C 48．B 49．D 50．A 51．C 52．D 53．B 54．C 55．D 56．B 57．D 58．D 59．C 60．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讨论了深度伪造（deepfake）技术的发展及其带来的问题，包括伦理、心理、法律等多个层面的影响。 46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：视频看起来像真的，但它是由人工智能创造的深度伪造。A. interesting有趣的；B. affectionate表示关爱的；C. joyful快乐的；D. authentic真实的。根据下文“but it was a “deepfake” created by AI”可知，这是AI制作的假视频，由表示转折的but可知，上文中视频看起来像是真的，故选D项。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人工智能已经进步到了很难区分真假的地步。A. sweated出汗；B. certified认证；C. progressed进步；D. reacted反应。根据下文“has become difficult to distinguish what is real from what isn’t”可知，现在人们已经很难分辨AI的真假了，这说明AI技术取得了很大进步，故选C项。 48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一个深度伪造视频显示泰勒·斯威夫特正在推广一个炊具品牌。A. crafting制作；B. promoting推广；C. sampling品尝；D. releasing释放。根据下文“make it appear that she were speaking for the product”可知，让名人为自己的产品发声，这是在推广产品，故选B项。 49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些创意人士使用人工智能操纵她的形象和声音，使她看起来像是在为该产品发言。A. identity身份；B. weight重量；C. mind思想；D. voice声音。根据上文“saying things which they didn’t really say”可知，这是操纵她的声音，故选D项。 50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是深度伪造中有一个更令人不安的趋势，这种趋势变得越来越普遍。A. disturbing令人不安的；B. outstanding杰出的；C. struggling挣扎的；D. entertaining娱乐的。根据下文“resurrect their lost loved ones”和上下文对深度伪造的负面描述，AI可以使用死去的人的形象，可知趋势是令人不安的，故选A项。 51．考查动词短语辨析。句意：就像李玟的深度伪造一样，有人使用人工智能复活他们失去的亲人并与他们互动。A. look after照顾；B. bring up提出；C. interact with与……互动；D. benefit from从……获益。根据下文“With the technology, he is able to talk to her and ask her questions.”可知，此处指与人工智能复活的亲人互动。故选C项。 52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他知道这是假的，但他并不在意，因为他非常想念她。A. regret后悔；B. admit承认；C. participate参与；D. care关心，在意。根据上下文“Though he knew it was fake”和“he missed her very much”可知，尽管他知道这是假的，但是他非常想念女儿，这让他不介意这是假的。故选D项。 53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不放手亲人的心理后果可能很严重。A. ethical道德的；B. psychological心理的；C. imaginary想象的；D. financial财政的，金融的。根据下文“instead of accepting the healthy and necessary process of grieving”可知，人们会沉溺于虚幻的世界，而不是接受健康的心理疗愈过程，这是心理问题，故选B项。 54．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这可能导致一个人生活在幻想世界中，而不是接受健康和必要的悲伤过程，并继续他或她的生活。A. putting up举起；B. coming down崩塌，降落；C. moving on前进；D. ending up结束。根据上下文“instead of accepting the healthy and necessary process of grieving”可知，作者认为这会导致人们生活在幻想世界，而不是接受健康和必要的悲伤过程，然后继续自己的生活，故选C项。 55．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，人工智能深度伪造还有一个法律层面，这个层面尚未得到充分考虑。A. Relatively相对地；B. Consequently因此；C. Likely可能地；D. Additionally此外。根据上文“ The ___8___ consequences of not “letting go” of a loved one can be serious.”以及空后“there is a legal aspect”提出的法律问题，可知是进一步补充说明深度伪造的问题，故选D项。 56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个已故人士的形象可以被操纵说出他们从未说过的以及如果他们活着也不会说的话吗？A. conscious有意识的；B. alive活着的；C. present在场的；D. mindful留意的。根据上下文“Can a dead person’s image be manipulated”以及“if they were”可知，这个句子使用了虚拟语气，表示假如他们活着。故选B项。 57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些都是立法者必须考虑的问题，法院将必须做出决定。A. scientists科学家；B. creators创造者；C. applicants申请人；D. lawmakers立法者。根据上文“there is a legal aspect to AI deepfakes”以及下文“courts will have to decide”可知，此处指这是立法者需要考虑的问题。故选D项。 58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1931年，英国作家奥尔德斯·赫胥黎写了一本名为《美丽新世界》的小说，这是关于一个由技术支配的未来世界。A. threatened威胁；B. innovated创新；C. inhabited居住；D. dominated支配。根据上文所讲述的人工智能技术以及下文“by technology”可知，此处指被技术支配的未来世界。故选D项。 59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在很多方面，我们正生活在这个美丽新世界中，并且正在失去我们的人性，包括它的所有缺点、美德和局限性。A. bombarding轰炸；B. modifying修改；C. losing失去；D. replacing取代。根据上下文“our humanity with all its faults, virtues and limitations”可知，科技是没有人性的，也没有感情，作者认为科技主导的世界是在失去人性，故选C项。 60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很遗憾李玟已经走了，我很遗憾包小柏的女儿已经走了，但悲伤是生活的一部分，正如他们所说，悲伤是爱的代价。A. signal信号；B. price代价；C. mission使命；D. foundation基础。根据上下文“but grieving is a part of life”以及常识可知，悲伤是生命的一部分，是每个人都会经历的事情，因为爱，失去后才会悲伤，这说明悲伤是爱的某种结果或代价，故选B项。 05 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市上海市嘉定区2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题 Anyone who has felt a moment of joy when a favorite song comes on the radio at just the right moment or cried along with a singer expressing heartache will understand the emotional power of music. Now, a growing body of scientific evidence demonstrates that music can be 61 too. In a review of 400 research papers looking into the 62 of music, Daniel Levitin, a psychologist and neuroscientist at McGill University in Montreal, found that playing and listening to music had mental and physical health 63 , including improving our immune systems and reducing stress. One 2007 study from a team of Spanish researchers found that listening to music 64 surgery had the effect in reducing pre-operative anxiety. It’s a negative emotion which can affect pain after an operation and 65 time. Another study, conducted in 2018 in Barcelona’s Hospital del Mar, found that 66 participating in a music therapy (疗法) program experienced significant decreases in tiredness, anxiety and breathing difficulties, as well as an increase in feelings of well-being. Music can have a huge effect on helping sick 67 too. Ruth Hunston is a music therapist in the “play department”at the Great Ormond Street Hospital in London, England, who helps give young patients back some sense of 68 . “When children are in the hospital, their worlds get much 69 ,” says Hunston. “They’re having so many things done to them and around them, but music allows them to create something themselves. I’ve had lots of babies in the hospital making sounds because I am 70 to them, and they want more.” The parents also become part of the therapeutic process. “What’s really lovely is when you go in and you start to make music, and the children invite their parents to join,” she says. “There is this beautiful 71 between everyone. Sometimes I will 72 and just watch them play, laugh and have fun.” Finding those 73 moments is the therapist’s role, but as music therapist Sarah Rose Black notes, people have been connecting with music for their whole lives—she is just helping them 74 it again at a time when they need it most. “We are born to be 75 people.” 61．A．research B．medicine C．emotion D．stress 62．A．effects B．causes C．factors D．themes 63．A．benefits B．problems C．influences D．profits 64．A．after B．during C．without D．before 65．A．operation B．participation C．recovery D．therapy 66．A．musicians B．students C．patients D．researchers 67．A．males B．females C．adults D．children 68．A．humor B．duty C．control D．loss 69．A．wider B．smaller C．freer D．deeper 70．A．speaking B．singing C．sticking D．smiling 71．A．conversation B．distinction C．cooperation D．interaction 72．A．step back B．join in C．turn away D．hold on 73．A．puzzling B．meaningful C．ridiculous D．disappointing 74．A．forget B．refuse C．change D．access 75．A．medical B．digital C．musical D．practical 【答案】 61．B 62．A 63．A 64．D 65．C 66．C 67．D 68．C 69．B 70．B 71．D 72．A 73．B 74．D 75．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了音乐在治疗患者过程中发挥的巨大作用。 61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，越来越多的科学证据表明，音乐也可以是一剂良药。A. research研究；B. medicine药物；C. emotion情绪；D. stress压力。根据后文“playing and listening to music had mental and physical health 　　3　　, including improving our immune systems and reducing stress”和“listening to music 　　4　　 surgery had the effect in reducing pre-operative anxiety.”以及“Music can have a huge effect on helping sick”可知，音乐能帮助提高我们的免疫系统和减轻压力，也可以减少术前焦虑，也可以帮助生病的，由此推知，此处是指音乐也可以是一种药物。故选B项。 62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：蒙特利尔麦吉尔大学的心理学家和神经科学家 Daniel Levitin对400篇研究音乐作用的研究论文进行了回顾，发现演奏和听音乐对身心健康都有好处，包括提高我们的免疫系统和减轻压力。A. effects影响，作用；B. causes原因；C. factors因素；D. themes主题。根据后文“playing and listening to music had mental and physical health 　　3　　, including improving our immune systems and reducing stress”可知，演奏和听音乐对身心健康都有好处，包括提高我们的免疫系统和减轻压力，由此推知，此处是指音乐的作用。故选A项。 63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：蒙特利尔麦吉尔大学的心理学家和神经科学家 Daniel Levitin对400篇研究音乐影响的研究论文进行了回顾，发现演奏和听音乐对身心健康都有好处，包括提高我们的免疫系统和减轻压力。A. benefits好处，益处；B. problems问题；C. influences影响；D. profits利润。根据后文“including improving our immune systems and reducing stress”可知，包括提高我们的免疫系统和减轻压力，由此推知，演奏和听音乐对身心健康都有好处。故选A项。 64．考查介词词义辨析。句意：2007年，一组西班牙研究人员的一项研究发现，在手术前听音乐可以减少术前焦虑。A. after在……之后；B. during在……期间；C. without没有；D. before在……之前。根据后文“had the effect in reducing pre-operative anxiety”可知，减少术前焦虑有作用，是因为在手术前听了音乐。故选D项。 65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一种负面情绪，会影响手术后的疼痛和恢复时间。A. operation操作，手术；B. participation参加，参与；C. recovery恢复；D. therapy治疗。根据前文“It’s a negative emotion which can affect pain after an operation and”可知，这是一种负面情绪，会影响手术后的疼痛，由此推知，此处是指手术后的恢复时间。故选C项。 66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2018年在巴塞罗那德尔玛医院进行的另一项研究发现，参加音乐疗法项目的患者在疲劳、焦虑和呼吸困难方面显著减少，幸福感也有所增加。A. musicians音乐家；B. students学生；C. patients病人，患者；D. researchers研究者。根据后文“participating in a music therapy (疗法) program experienced significant decreases in tiredness, anxiety and breathing difficulties”可知，参加音乐疗法项目，并且在疲劳、焦虑和呼吸困难方面显著减少，由此推知，此处是指患者。故选C项。 67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：音乐对帮助生病的孩子也有很大的作用。A. males男性；B. females女性；C. adults成年人；D. children孩子。根据后文“young patients”可知，此处是指生病的孩子。故选D项。 68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ruth Hunston是英国伦敦大奥蒙德街医院“演奏科”的音乐治疗师，她帮助年轻患者恢复一些控制感。A. humor幽默；B. duty责任；C. control控制；D. loss失去。根据前文“who helps give young patients back some sense of”可知，帮助年轻患者恢复一些控制感。故选C项。 69．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Hunston说，“当孩子们在医院时，他们的世界会变得更小”。A. wider更宽的；B. smaller更小的；C. 更自由的；deeper更深的。根据前文“When children are in the hospital”可知，当孩子们在医院时，他们的世界会变得更小。故选B项。 70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有很多婴儿在医院里发出声音，因为我在给他们唱歌，他们想要更多。A. speaking说；B. singing 唱；C. sticking刺入，坚持；D. smiling微笑。根据前文“music allows them to create something themselves”可知，音乐让他们自己创造一些东西，由此推知，此处是指唱歌。故选B项。 71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人之间都有这种美好的互动。A. conversation谈话；B. distinction差别，区分；C. cooperation合作；D. interaction互动。根据前文“What’s really lovely is when you go in and you start to make music, and the children invite their parents to join”可知，真正可爱的是，当你进去，你开始创作音乐，孩子们邀请他们的父母加入，由此推知，这是一种互动。故选D项。 72．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：有时我会退后一步，只是看着他们玩耍，笑着，玩得开心。A. step back退后；B. join in参加；C. turn away走开，离开；D. hold on等一下。根据后文“and just watch them play, laugh and have fun”可知，只是看着他们玩耍，笑着，玩得开心，由此推知，此处是指作者退后一步。故选A项。 73．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：寻找那些有意义的时刻是治疗师的职责，但正如音乐治疗师Sarah Rose Black所指出的那样，人们一生都在与音乐联系在一起——她只是在他们最需要音乐的时候帮助他们再次接触音乐。A. puzzling令人迷惑的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. ridiculous荒谬的，可笑的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据前文“and just watch them play, laugh and have fun”可知，看着他们玩耍，笑着，玩得开心，由此推知，此处是指寻找那些有意义的时刻。故选B项。 74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：寻找那些有意义的时刻是治疗师的职责，但正如音乐治疗师Sarah Rose Black所指出的那样，人们一生都在与音乐联系在一起——她只是在他们最需要音乐的时候帮助他们再次接触音乐。A. forget忘记；B. refuse拒绝；C. change改变；D. access接近，进入。根据前文“people have been connecting with music for their whole lives”可知，人们一生都在与音乐联系在一起，由此推知，此处是指帮助他们再次接触音乐。故选D项。 75．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们生来就是音乐人。A. medical医疗的；B. digital数字的；C. musical音乐的；D. practical实际的。根据前文“people have been connecting with music for their whole lives”可知，人们一生都在与音乐联系在一起，由此推知，此处是指我们生来就是音乐之人。故选C项。 06 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市松江区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 Listening, speaking, reading and writing are necessary to everyday life, where language is the primary tool for expression and communication. Studying how people use language — what words and phrases we unknowingly 76 — can help us better understand ourselves and why we behave the way we do. Linguists attempt to 77 what is individual and general about the language we use. They also try to find how it came into use and the ways it 78 over time. After researches, they consider language as a cultural, social and mental thing. “Understanding why and how languages are different from one another tells about what is human, and in contrast, discovering what’s 79 about languages can help us understand the heart of our humanity,” said Dan Jurafsky, the Professor in Humanities and chair of the Department of Linguistics at Stanford. The stories below show some of the ways linguists have 80 many parts of language. Stanford linguists have found that even the smallest differences in language use is 81 the speakers’ belief, according to research. One study finds that a(n) 82 harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way reflect sexist stereotypes (性别刻板印象). The statement’s grammatical form suggests that being good at math is more 83 for boys than girls, the researchers said. Language can play a(n) 84 role in showing how we and others understand the world. Studying other languages helps us have a better understanding of 85 around the world. People speak about 7,000 languages worldwide. Although there are a lot of similar things among languages, each one is 86 , both in its structure and in the way it reflects the culture of the people who speak it. Jurafsky advised that we shouldn’t only 87 our own language — it’s also important to study other languages and how they develop as time changes. They can help us understand what is rooted in humans’ different way of communicating with one another. Linguists study how certain speech models match special 88 , including how language can influence the buying decision or their social media use, and they both vary a lot among people. 89 , in one research paper, a group of Stanford researchers examined the differences in how two parties — Republicans and Democrats, who have different ways of speech, express themselves online. The purpose is to help us know how a(n) 90 difference of beliefs can occur on social media. “Understanding what different groups of people say and why is the first step in deciding how we can help bring people together,” Jurafsky said. 76．A．analyze B．choose C．recall D．pronounce 77．A．create B．range C．determine D．maintain 78．A．changes B．signals C．selects D．strengthens 79．A．confusing B．rewarding C．ironic D．common 80．A．mastered B．researched C．described D．developed 81．A．ahead of B．relevant to C．taken away from D．held back by 82．A．seemingly B．individually C．embarrassingly D．occasionally 83．A．specific B．tempting C．formal D．natural 84．A．faulty B．secondary C．relaxing D．essential 85．A．communication B．harshness C．establishment D．distance 86．A．limited B．useful C．exceptional D．current 87．A．point to B．center around C．leave behind D．argue over 88．A．comments B．achievements C．confusions D．behaviors 89．A．On the contrary B．In summary C．For example D．As a result 90．A．dramatic B．disgusting C．balanced D．slight 【答案】 76．B 77．C 78．A 79．D 80．B 81．B 82．A 83．D 84．D 85．A 86．C 87．B 88．D 89．C 90．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了语言在日常生活中的重要性，研究语言能使我们更好的理解自己。 76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人们如何使用语言——我们在不知不觉中选择了哪些单词和短语——可以帮助我们更好地了解自己，以及为什么我们会有这样的行为方式。A. analyze分析；B. choose选择；C. recall召回；D. pronounce发音。根据前文“what words and phrases we unknowingly”和后文“can help us better understand ourselves and why we behave the way we do”可知，人们在不知不觉中选择了某些单词和短语，这可以帮助我们更好地了解自己。故选B项。 77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：语言学家试图确定我们所使用的语言的独特性和普遍性。A. create创造；B. range(在一定的范围内)变化，变动；C. determine确定；D. maintain维持。根据后文“what is individual and general about the language we use”可知，语言学家试图确定我们所使用的语言的独特性和普遍性。故选C项。 78．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还试图找出它是如何被使用的，以及随着时间的推移它是如何变化的。A. changes变化；B. signals信号；C. selects选择；D. strengthens强项。根据“over time”以及倒数第三段中“how they develop as time changes”可知，语言学家试图找出随着时间的推移语言是如何变化的。故选A项。 79．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯坦福大学人文学科教授、语言学系主任Dan Jurafsky说：“理解语言之间的差异，可以告诉我们什么是人类；相反，发现语言的共同点，可以帮助我们理解人性的核心。”A. confusing令人困惑的；B. rewarding值得的；C. ironic讽刺的；D. common共同的。根据前文“Understanding why and how languages are different from one another tells about what is human, and in contrast, discovering what’s”可知，前后是形成对比，前半句是语言的不同，后半句是指语言的共同点。故选D项。 80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：下面的故事展示了语言学家研究语言许多部分的一些方法。A. mastered掌握；B. researched研究；C. described描述；D. developed发展。根据语境和下一段第一句中“according to research”可知，下面是关于语言学家对语言的研究。故选B项。 81．考查固定搭配词义辨析。句意：斯坦福大学的语言学家发现，根据研究，即使是语言使用上最小的差异也与说话者的信念有关。A. ahead of领先；B. relevant to与...相关；C. taken away from被带离；D. held back by被阻止。根据常识和前文“even the smallest differences in language use is”及后文“the speakers’ belief”可知，即使是语言使用上最小的差异也与说话者的信念有关。故选B项。 82．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一项研究发现，一个看似无伤害的句子，比如“女孩数学和男孩一样好”，在某种程度上可能反映了性别歧视的刻板印象。A. seemingly似乎；B. individually单独地；C. embarrassingly令人尴尬地；D. occasionally偶尔地。根据后文“harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way reflect sexist stereotypes (性别刻板印象)”可知，在某种程度上可能反映了性别歧视的刻板印象的句子，看起来似乎并无伤害。故选A项。 83．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员说，这句话的语法形式表明，男孩比女孩擅长数学是很正常自然的。A. specific具体的；B. tempting诱人的；C. formal正式的；D. natural自然的，正常的。根据常识和前文“such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way reflect sexist stereotypes being good at math is more”可知，这句话暗示了男孩比女孩擅长数学是很正常的，自然的事儿。故选D项。 84．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：语言在展示我们和他人如何理解世界方面发挥着至关重要的作用。A. faulty错误的；B. secondary次要的；C. relaxing轻松的；D. essential必不可少的，极其重要的。根据常识和后文“in showing how we and others understand the world”并结合选项可知，语言在展示我们和他人如何理解世界方面发挥着至关重要的作用。故选D项。 85．考查名词词义辨析。句意：学习其他语言有助于我们更好地理解世界各地的交流。A. communication沟通，交流；B. harshness严酷；C. establishment建立；D. distance远方。根据常识和前文“Studying other languages helps us have a better understanding”可知，学习其他语言有助于我们更好地理解世界各地的交流。故选A项。 86．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然语言之间有很多相似之处，但每一种语言都是独特的，无论是在其结构上，还是在它反映说这种语言的人的文化的方式上。A. limited有限的；B. useful有用的；C. exceptional独特的；D. current流行的。根据前文“Although there are a lot of similar things among languages”的转折语义可知，虽然语言之间有很多相似之处，但每一种语言都是独特的。故选C项。 87．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Jurafsky建议，我们不应该只关注自己的语言——学习其他语言以及它们是如何随着时间的变化而发展的也很重要。A. point to指向；B. center around围绕，集中于；C. leave behind留下；D. argue over争论。根据前文“we shouldn’t only”和后文“our own language — it’s also important to study other languages and how they develop as time changes”可知，Jurafsky建议，人们不应该只关注自己的语言，也要学习其他语言。故选B项。 88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：语言学家研究特定的语言模型如何与特殊行为相匹配，包括语言如何影响购买决策或他们对社交媒体的使用，而这两者在人与人之间都有很大差异。A. comments评论；B. achievements成就；C. confusions困惑；D. behaviors行为。根据后文“including how language can influence the buying decision or their social media use”可知，语言学家研究特定的语言模型如何与特殊行为相匹配。故选D项。 89．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，在一篇研究论文中，斯坦福大学的一组研究人员调查了两党——共和党和民主党——在网上表达自己的方式上的差异，这两党有着不同的言论方式。A. On the contrary相反；B. In summary总结；C. For example例如；D. As a result因此。根据后文“in one research paper, a group of Stanford researchers examined the differences in how two parties — Republicans and Democrats, who have different ways of speech, express themselves online”可知，后面列举的是一个例子。故选C项。 90．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目的是帮助我们了解信念的巨大差异是如何在社交媒体上发生的。A. dramatic戏剧性的，巨大的；B. disgusting令人恶心的；C. balanced平衡的；D. slight轻微的。根据前文“Linguists study how certain speech models match special 　　13　　, including how language can influence the buying decision or their social media use, and they both vary a lot among people.”和举例可知，举例的目的是为了帮助我们了解信念的巨大差异是如何在社交媒体上发生的。故选A项。 07 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市奉贤区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末调研考试英语试卷 About six months ago, I joined a gym. Every morning, there was one personal trainer there who practised at the same time that my little group did our 91 . He worked out with such a quiet 92 that he made it all look very easy, although I knew all too well how hard he was working. Whenever I tended to complain and 93 , I watched him push himself to his own limits, and I found myself 94 to work as hard and without complaint. A couple of weeks ago, I was watching him do chin-ups (引体向上). He made them look 95 . I broke away from my group and asked him if I could try a chin-up. I had never tried before, but he just made it look so easy. He eagerly stepped aside and 96 me to step up to the bar. I pulled myself up without thinking...once...then twice. That was all I had in me. I had no 97 left. I told him that was all I had, so he stepped up behind me and 98 me up for a third and fourth “pull”. It felt so good. The next day when I was done with my workout, I asked him to spot me again. Again, I did two. Again, on Day 3 and so on. I thought it was a 99 that I could only do two. but when I came lo the gym at the end of the week, he was standing there, nodding his head and said to me he was 100 with my chin-ups. He told me that when they are training firefighters, the men are required to do five chin-ups, and women are required to do one or two. He 101 that most people couldn't do them at all, and that he was amazed that I could. He further told me that if l 102 every day, I would be doing five or six in no time. At this point I should probably 103 that I am 50 years old... and female. If he had told me at the very beginning how 104 it was, I more than likely would not have tried at all. 105 I might have tried, but given it only half an effort, because failure would have been the expectation. I applauded him for letting me believe that for me, it was not only a possibility, but that success was a realistic expectation. 91．A．creating B．training C．maintaining D．confusing 92．A．determination B．courage C．patience D．responsibility 93．A．hold back B．turn over C．run out D．give up 94．A．motivated B．satisfied C．surprised D．challenged 95．A．unbelievable B．balanced C．helpful D．effortless 96．A．encouraged B．forced C．persuaded D．ordered 97．A．confidence B．breath C．strength D．faith 98．A．dragged B．kicked C．pushed D．carried 99．A．concern B．chance C．pressure D．pity 100．A．impressed B．busy C．bored D．strict 101．A．recalled B．announced C．explained D．worried 102．A．learned B．practised C．succeeded D．checked 103．A．complain B．argue C．add D．repeat 104．A．troublesome B．obvious C．disgusting D．difficult 105．A．So B．And C．Or D．While 【答案】 91．B 92．A 93．D 94．A 95．D 96．A 97．C 98．C 99．D 100．A 101．C 102．B 103．C 104．D 105．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者在健身房锻炼时，看到一位教练做引体向上很轻松，就也想去试一试。在教练的鼓励下，作者尽全力去做这件事。是这位教练让作者相信成功是一种能够实现的期望。 91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天早上，那里都有一个私人教练在我们小组训练的同时练习。A. creating创造；B. training训练；C. maintaining维持；D. confusing使困惑。根据上文“About six months ago, I joined a gym.(大约六个月前，我加入了一家健身房)”以及“my little group did our”可知，在健身房应该是在进行小组训练。故选B。 92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他以一种安静的决心锻炼身体，使一切看起来都很容易，尽管我非常清楚他有多努力。A. determination决心；B. courage勇气；C. patience耐心；D. responsibility责任。根据后文“that he made it all look very easy, although I knew all too well how hard he was working.”可知，这名私教在坚定地安静训练。故选A。 93．考查动词短语辨析。句意：每当我想抱怨和放弃的时候，我看着他把自己逼到极限，我发现自己也被激励着努力工作，没有抱怨。A. hold back阻止；B. turn over翻转；C. run out用完；D. give up放弃。根据上文“Whenever I tended to complain and”可知，指作者抱怨想要放弃。故选D。 94．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当我想抱怨和放弃的时候，我看着他把自己逼到极限，我发现自己也被激励着努力工作，没有抱怨。A. motivated受到激励的；B. satisfied满足的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. challenged挑战。根据后文“to work as hard and without complaint”可知，作者看到对方训练刻苦，自己也被激励了。故选A。 95．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他做起来看上去毫不费力。A. unbelievable难以置信；B. balanced平衡的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. effortless毫不费力的。根据第一段的“he makes it all look very easy”和本段的“he just made it look so easy”，可知，他做起来毫不费力。故选D。 96．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他急切地走到一边，鼓励我走到杆子前。A. encouraged鼓励；B. forced迫使；C. persuaded说服；D. ordered命令。根据后文“I pulled myself up without thinking...once...then twice. That was all I had in me.(我想都没想就拉了起来……有一次……然后两次。我用尽全力了)”可知，对方鼓励作者做引体向上。故选A。 97．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没力气了。A. confidence自信；B. breath呼吸；C. strength力气；D. faith信念。根据上文“That was all I had in me.(我用尽全力了)”可知，作者用完了力气。故选C。 98．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我告诉他我没力气了，所以他走到我身后，把我推了上去，进行第三次和第四次引体向上。A. dragged拖拉；B. kicked踢腿；C. pushed推；D. carried搬运。根据后文“me up for a third and fourth “pull””可知，对方把没力气的作者向上推，做第三次和第四次引体向上。故选C。 99．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得我只能做两个很可惜，但是当我周末来到健身房的时候，他站在那里，点头并对我说我的引体向上给他留下了深刻的印象。A. concern关心；B. chance机会；C. pressure压力；D. pity遗憾。根据后文“that I could only do two”可知，作者只能做两个引体向上，感到遗憾可惜。故选D。 100．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我觉得我只能做两个很可惜，但是当我周末来到健身房的时候，他站在那里，点头并对我说我的引体向上给他留下了深刻的印象。A. impressed印象深刻的；B. busy忙；C. bored厌倦的；D. strict严格的。根据下文“most people couldn’t do them at all, and that he was amazed that I could”可知，大多数受训者根本无法完成我所做的，所以教练对于作者的表现印象深刻。故选A。 101．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他解释说，大多数人根本做不到，而我却能做到，这让他很惊讶。A. recalled记起；B. announced宣布；C. explained解释；D. worried担心。根据下文“most people can’t do them at all”可知，教练在解释为什么对作者印象深刻。故选C。 102．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他进一步告诉我，如果我每天练习，我很快就会做五六个。A. learned学习；B. practised练习；C. succeeded成功；D. checked检查。根据后文“I would be doing five or six in no time”要做五六个引体向上需要每天练习。故选B。 103．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个时候，我应该补充一点，我已经50岁了……并且是女性。A. complain投诉；B. argue争论；C. add补充说；D. repeat重复。根据下文的“I am 50 years old... and female”可知，作者是在补充说明自己的情况。故选C。 104．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果他一开始就告诉我有多难，我很可能根本就不会去尝试。A. troublesome麻烦的；B. obvious显然的；C. disgusting令人反感的；D. difficult困难的。根据后文“I more than likely would not have tried at all”可知，如果一开始就知道有这么困难，作者就不会去尝试了。故选D。 105．考查连词词义辨析。句意：或者我也可以试一试，但只付出一半的努力，因为预料到要失败。A. So所以；B. And而且；C. Or或者；D. While同时。上文的“I more than likely would not have tried at all”和下文的“I might have tried.”两者是选择关系，所以应该用连词or。故选C。 08 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末质量调研英语试卷 Did you ever have to say “no” to somebody? Such as a classmate asking to have breakfast with you? New research suggests that, at least socially, a rejection shouldn’t include an — 106 . In other words, saying you are sorry doesn’t make the person being rejected feel any better. 107 , it might make the rejected person feel worse. That is 108 .Many people consider it to be good manners to say they are sorry when they 109 a request. Gili Freedman is doing some related research at Dartmouth College. For her research, she asked over 1,000 people to respond to different 110 of social rejection. In one instance, the researchers asked people for their 111 after a person named Taylor asked to join a co-worker who went out to lunch every Friday. And Taylor was told “no”. But in some cases, the person rejecting Taylor 112 an apology. In other cases, the people doing the rejection did not say they were 113 . People were asked how they would 114 if they were being turned down, just as Taylor was. Most said they would be more 115 by a rejection with an apology than a rejection without an apology. Gili Freedman said the reason is that apologies make people feel like that the rejection was 116 — even when they felt-like it was not okay. Rejection without an apology lets them express their feelings of 117 , hurt or anger more easily. Freedman also said that an apology often makes the person 118 feel better — even as it makes the person being rejected feel worse. However, her research deals only with 119 communication. A business situation might be very 120 . “If a manager rejects a job interviewee or a boss must tell an employee that he or she is being fired from a job,” Freedman said, “reactions to apologies maybe another case.” 106．A．excuse B．apology C．analysis D．explanation 107．A．In fact B．In particular C．Above all D．As a result 108．A．challenging B．alarming C．disappointing D．surprising 109．A．cope with B．hand over C．turn down D．send back 110．A．ideas B．examples C．functions D．rules 111．A．comment B．advice C．reaction D．choice 112．A．accepted B．deserved C．expected D．offered 113．A．helpless B．sorry C．upset D．anxious 114．A．feel B．interact C．behave D．strive 115．A．inspired B．pleased C．embarrassed D．hurt 116．A．flexible B．beneficial C．acceptable D．sufficient 117．A．displeasure B．resistance C．envy D．boredness 118．A．being turned down B．being talked with C．doing the rejection D．expressing the anger 119．A．written B．social C．global D．mass 120．A．different B．effective C．direct D．official 【答案】 106．B 107．A 108．D 109．C 110．B 111．C 112．D 113．B 114．A 115．D 116．C 117．A 118．C 119．B 120．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明，至少在社交方面，拒绝不应该包括道歉。 106．考查名词词义辨析。句意：新的研究表明，至少在社交方面，拒绝不应该包括道歉。A. excuse原谅；B. apology道歉；C. analysis分析；D. explanation解释。根据后文的“In other words, saying you are sorry doesn’t make the person being rejected feel any better.”可知，换句话说，说对不起不会让被拒绝的人感觉更好，所以拒绝不应该包括道歉，即拒绝的时候不要道歉。故选B项。 107．考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，这可能会让被拒绝的人感觉更糟。A. In fact事实上；B. In particular特别是；C. Above all最重要的是；D. As a result因此。根据后文的“it might make the rejected person feel worse”可知，拒绝的时候道歉，事实上，这可能会让被拒绝的人感觉更糟。故选A项。 108．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这令人惊讶。A. challenging具有挑战性的；B. alarming引起恐慌的；C. disappointing令人失望的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据前文的“it might make the rejected person feel worse.”和后文的“Many people consider it to be good manners to say they are sorry when they 4 a request.”可知，许多人认为在拒绝别人的请求时道歉是礼貌的表现，所以拒绝的时候道歉可能会让被拒绝的人感觉更糟，这种说法令人惊讶。故选D项。 109．考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多人认为在拒绝别人的请求时道歉是礼貌的表现。A. cope with应付；B. hand over转交；C. turn down拒绝；D. send back发回。根据前文的“say they are sorry”和后文的“a request”可知，此处指拒绝别人的请求。故选C项。 110．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她的研究中，她让1000多人对社会拒绝的不同例子做出回应。A. ideas想法；B. examples例子；C. functions功能；D. rules规则。根据后文的“In one instance”可知，研究中，她让1000多人对社会拒绝的不同例子做出回应，下文具体的举例对此进行说明。故选B项。 111．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个例子中，一个名叫泰勒的人要求和一个每周五出去吃午饭的同事一起吃午饭，研究人员询问了人们的反应。A. comment评论；B. advice建议；C. reaction反应；D. choice选择。根据后文的“after a person named Taylor asked to join a co-worker who went out to lunch every Friday”可知，研究人员询问对这种做法的反应。故选C项。 112．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在某些情况下，拒绝泰勒的人会道歉。A. accepted接受；B. deserved应得；C. expected预期；D. offered提供。根据前文的“the person rejecting Taylor”和后文的“an apology”可知，拒绝泰勒的人会道歉。故选D项。 113．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在其它情况下，拒绝的人并没有说对不起。A. helpless无助的；B. sorry抱歉的；C. upset沮丧的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据前文的“But in some cases, the person rejecting Taylor 7 an apology. In other cases, the people doing the rejection did not say”可知，有些拒绝泰勒的人会道歉，但是也有人没有说对不起。故选B项。 114．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们被问到，如果他们像泰勒一样被拒绝，他们会有什么感觉。A. feel感觉；B. interact互动；C. behave表现；D. strive努力。根据前文的“People were asked how they would”和后文“if they were being turned down”可知，研究人员想知道，如果被测试者像泰勒一样被拒绝，他们会有什么感觉。故选A项。 115．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数人说，带着道歉的拒绝比不带道歉的拒绝更伤害他们。A. inspired受到启发的；B. pleased高兴的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. hurt受伤的。根据后文的“Gili Freedman said the reason is that apologies make people feel like that the rejection was 11 — even when they felt like it was not okay.”可知，道歉会让人们觉得被拒绝是可以接受的——即使他们觉得这样做是不对的，故大多数人说，带着道歉的拒绝比不带道歉的拒绝更伤害他们。故选D项。 116．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：吉利·弗里德曼说，原因是道歉会让人们觉得被拒绝是可以接受的——即使他们觉得这样做是不对的。A. flexible灵活的；B. beneficial有益的；C. acceptable可接受的；D. sufficient足够的。根据后文的“even when they felt like it was not okay”可知，本空与后文意思相反，即人们觉得被拒绝是可以接受的。故选C项。 117．考查名词词义辨析。句意：拒绝而不道歉会让他们更容易表达自己的不快、受伤或愤怒。A. displeasure不高兴；B. resistance反对；C. envy羡慕；D. boredness无聊。根据后文的“hurt or anger more”可知，此处表达被拒绝后的负面情绪，故displeasure意思合适。故选A项。 118．考查动词短语辨析。句意：弗里德曼还说，道歉通常会让拒绝的人感觉更好，即使它会让被拒绝的人感觉更糟。A. being turned down被拒绝；B. being talked with被交谈；C. doing the rejection拒绝；D. expressing the anger表达愤怒。根据前文的“an apology often makes the person”和后文“even as it makes the person being rejected feel worse.”可知，本空与后文做对比，即使道歉会让被拒绝的人感觉更糟，但道歉通常会让拒绝的人感觉更好。故选C项。 119．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，她的研究只涉及社会沟通。A. written书面的；B. social社会的；C. global全球的；D. mass大量的。根据前文的“she asked over 1, 000 people to respond to different 5 of social rejection.”可知，她的研究只涉及社会沟通。故选B项。 120．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：商业情况可能会非常不同。A. different不同的 ；B. effective有效的；C. direct直接的；D. official官方的。根据后文的““If a manager rejects a job interviewee or a boss must tell an employee that he or she is being fired from a job,” Freedman said, “reactions to apologies maybe another case.””可知，如果经理拒绝了面试者，或者老板必须告诉员工他或她被解雇了，那么对道歉的反应可能是另一种情况，所以商业情况中的道歉的反应可能与会社会沟通中的道歉的反应不同。故选A项。 09 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末区统考英语试卷 Procrastination (拖延) is one of the world’s worst time: You have so much that you need to do, but when it comes to actually sitting down and getting it done, it seems basically 121 . But what if I told you that the 122 of procrastination, a phenomenon called pre-crastination, could be just as bad? A new study conducted by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania recently dealt with the topic of pre-crastination — and it turns out that it could be a huge problem for many of us. If you’re wondering how the contrary of procrastination could be a 123 thing, it’s because it means we’re completing tasks just in order to 124 them. Pre-crastination refers to the desire to do things 125 , but only to ease the anxiety over leaving a particular task undone. 126 , imagine that you have to respond to an email. In your 127 to get the email out of your inbox, you make a bunch of spelling and grammar errors in your response because you typed it out so quickly. That would be a situation of pre-crastination. I know that in my own life, I like to 128 the easy tasks on my to-do list first, since they can be checked off more quickly, making me feel a lot more accomplished in the process. I just thought I was 129 , but I now know that this is an action of pre-crastinating the easy tasks so I could say I got them done, while at the same time procrastinating the more 130 tasks I left at the bottom of my list. The discovery of pre-crastination leads to all kinds of questions about 131 and productivity. Now it seems that we have to not only worry about 132 things unnecessarily, but also doing things too fast or completing easy tasks so that we can get them done. The researchers mentioned this in their article, published in Scientific American, in which they advise 133 procrastination and pre-crastination by dividing your large tasks into smaller ones. That way, you can finish seemingly difficult tasks, but also avoid completing all of the simple ones 134 . I know that I’ll definitely be more careful when it comes to how I 135 my to-do list from now on. 121．A．meaningful B．impossible C．practical D．terrible 122．A．function B．account C．effect D．opposite 123．A．negative B．dangerous C．creative D．beneficial 124．A．ignore B．complete C．face D．develop 125．A．successfully B．immediately C．creatively D．positively 126．A．However B．For instance C．In addition D．In short 127．A．memory B．duty C．hurry D．exchange 128．A．come across B．look through C．get over D．get through 129．A．prioritizing B．choosing C．saving D．quoting 130．A．labor-saving B．helpful C．complex D．rewarding 131．A．suggestion B．behavior C．to-do list D．task 132．A．reflecting on B．setting up C．responding to D．putting off 133．A．avoiding B．updating C．observing D．encouraging 134．A．entirely B．carelessly C．first D．last 135．A．summarize B．master C．organize D．recall 【答案】 121．B 122．D 123．A 124．B 125．B 126．B 127．C 128．D 129．A 130．C 131．B 132．D 133．A 134．C 135．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了预拖延（急于完成简单任务）和拖延症一样糟糕，我们应该将大任务分成小任务来避免拖延和预拖延。 121．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拖延是世界上最糟糕的时刻之一：你有那么多事情要做，但当你真正坐下来完成它的时候，似乎基本上是不可能的。A. meaningful有意义的；B. impossible不可能的；C. practical实际的；D. terrible糟糕的。根据常识和前文“Procrastination(拖延) is one of the world’s worst time”可知，拖延症就是你有很多事情要做，但当你真正坐下来完成它的时候，这似乎是不可能的。故选B项。 122．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，如果我告诉你，拖延症的反面，一种被称为“预拖延”的现象，也可能同样糟糕呢？A. function功能；B. account账户；C. effect影响；D. opposite对立面。根据后文“a phenomenon called pre-crastination”以及“how the contrary of procrastination could be a 　　3　　 thing”可知，一种被称为“预拖延”的现象是拖延症的反面。故选D项。 123．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你想知道拖延症的反面怎么会是一件消极的事情，那是因为它意味着我们完成任务只是为了完成它们。A. negative消极的；B. dangerous危险的；C. creative有创造力的；D. beneficial有益的。根据第一段中“could be just as bad”可知，拖延症的反面是一件消极的事情。故选A项。 124．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. ignore忽视；B. complete完成；C. face面对；D. develop发展。根据前文“it means we’re completing tasks just in order to”可知，它意味着我们完成任务只是为了完成它们。故选B项。 125．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“预拖延”指的是想马上做某事的欲望，但只是为了缓解因某项任务未完成而产生的焦虑。A. successfully成功地；B. immediately马上；C. creatively有创造力地；D. positively积极地。根据前文“the contrary of procrastination”可知，“预拖延”是拖延症的对立面，是马上去做某事。故选B项。 126．考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，假设你必须回复一封电子邮件。A. However然而；B. For instance例如；C. In addition此外；D. In short总之。根据后文“ imagine that you have to respond to an email”可知，后文是举例说明前文，所以此处是“例如”。故选B项。 127．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在你急于把邮件从收件箱中取出的时候，因为你打得太快，你在回复中犯了很多拼写和语法错误。A. memory记忆；B. duty责任；C. hurry匆忙；D. exchange交换。根据后文“you make a bunch of spelling and grammar errors in your response because you typed it out so quickly”可知，打字太快，出现许多错，说明太匆忙。故选C项。 128．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我知道，在我自己的生活中，我喜欢先完成待办事项清单上的简单任务，因为它们可以更快地完成，让我在这个过程中感到更有成就感。A. come across偶然遇到；B. look through浏览；C. get over克服；D. get through完成，通过。根据后文“the easy tasks on my to-do list first, since they can be checked off more quickly, making me feel a lot more accomplished in the process”可知，作者喜欢先完成待办事项清单上的简单任务。故选D项。 129．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只是认为我在按优先顺序排序，但我现在知道，这是一种提前完成简单任务的行为，这样我就可以说我完成了它们，同时拖延那些我留在列表底部的更复杂的任务。A. prioritizing优先排序；B. choosing选择；C. saving拯救；D. quoting开价。根据前文“ I like to 　　8　　 the easy tasks on my to-do list first, since they can be checked off more quickly”可知，作者优先排序完成简单的任务。故选A项。 130．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. labor-saving节省劳力的；B. helpful有用的；C. complex复杂的；D. rewarding值得的。根据前文“I like to 　　8　　 the easy tasks on my to-do list first”可知，作者优先完成简单任务，把复杂任务放在最后。故选C项。 131．考查名词词义辨析。句意：预拖延的发现引发了关于行为和生产力的各种问题。A. suggestion建议；B. behavior行为；C. to-do list待办事项；D. task任务。根据语境和前文“I like to 　　8　　 the easy tasks on my to-do list first”可知，这是一种行为。故选B项。 132．考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在看来，我们不仅要担心不必要的拖延，而且要担心做得太快或完成简单的任务，以便我们可以完成它们。A. reflecting on反思；B. setting up设立；C. responding to回应；D. putting off推迟。根据语境和后文“things unnecessarily”以及“but also doing things too fast or completing easy tasks so that we can get them done”可知，此处指“不必要的拖延”。故选D项。 133．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员在发表在《科学美国人》杂志上的文章中提到了这一点，他们建议通过将大任务分成小任务来避免拖延症和提前拖延症。A. avoiding避免；B. updating更新；C. observing观察；D. encouraging鼓励。根据后文“by dividing your large tasks into smaller ones”可知，研究人员建议通过将大任务分成小任务来避免拖延症和预拖延。故选A项。 134．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这样，你既可以完成看似困难的任务，又可以避免先完成所有简单的任务。A. entirely完全地；B. carelessly粗心地；C. first首先；D. last最后。根据第三段中“I like to 　　8　　 the easy tasks on my to-do list first”可知，避免先完成简单的任务。故选C项。 135．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道，从现在开始，当涉及到如何安排我的待办事项清单时，我肯定会更加小心。A. summarize总结；B. master掌握；C. organize安排；D. recall回想。根据前文“they advise 　　13　　 procrastination and pre-crastination by dividing your large tasks into smaller ones”可知，作者要更谨慎的安排待办事项清单。故选C项。 10 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【来源】上海市曹杨二中2023-2024学年高一上学期期末试卷 Please stop ruining children’s summer camp Teslie Conrad is the director of Clemson Outdoor Lab in South Carolina, which runs several different youth summer camps. Clemson 136 cell phones and other electronic devices in summer camps. And according to the American Camp Association, most sleep-away camps in the United States 137 access to cell phones. This makes sense. We traditionally think of summer camps as a place where we get to swim in a lake, camp under the stars and make new 138 over campfires and outdoor adventures, not one where we text and play video games. Researchers say that campers develop invaluable social skills, while facing risks and working their way through their feelings of homesickness — all 139 . “It’s kind of like letting go of everything and coming to a different world,” says Alexa Sherman, an 11-year-old camper. Many of the campers there say they 140 YouTube and Snapchat, but they quickly come to appreciate the hands-on activities and in-person friendships. The people who have the 141 time letting go, camp directors say, aren’t necessarily the campers themselves, but instead their parents. Barry Garst studies youth development at Clemson University. He said that whether you call them “helicopter”, “snowmobile” or “lawnmower” parents, over-involved parenting is having a negative overall effect and is 142 the types of positive interpersonal experiences these camps are meant to provide for youth. Not weather, not water safety, not dangerous bears. It’s parents who call every day demanding 143 on their kids and who expect to hear from the camp director about every skinned knee. Meg Barthel, the lead girls’ counselor at camp Echo, carries a device with access to Wi-Fi around camp. “I have to 144 the mothers who are used to having constant communication with their daughters,” she says. How many 145 a day? “Up to 100.” Some camps address parents’ 146 for updates by posting pictures and videos online. But sometimes this can have the 147 effect. In response, they’ll often receive the following phone call: “Hello, camp director, I was on your 148 and I don’t see them. Are they OK? Were they sent to the hospital?” Research on over-parenting, says Garst, shows that when parents behave this way, the development of a child’s sense of 149 can be slowed or can become altogether halted. The parents are sending the message that they don’t think their kids can get through tough moments on their own, and the kids pick up on this attitude. “Children are not really learning how to 150 for themselves.” 136．A．bans B．produces C．searches D．provides 137．A．want B．limit C．enable D．improve 138．A．friends B．decisions C．investments D．mistakes 139．A．on purpose B．in agreement C．by themselves D．with excitement 140．A．use B．uninstall C．forget D．miss 141．A．first B．hardest C．shortest D．greatest 142．A．finding B．attending C．ruining D．setting up 143．A．comments B．reports C．studies D．focus 144．A．respond to B．chat with C．seek out D．argue against 145．A．problems B．parents C．messages D．lessons 146．A．plan B．wait C．pause D．thirst 147．A．magical B．opposite C．protective D．similar 148．A．website B．campsite C．phone D．list 149．A．self-awareness B．knowledge C．independence D．intelligence 150．A．make friends B．ask questions C．make plans D．solve problems 【答案】 136．A 137．B 138．A 139．C 140．D 141．B 142．C 143．B 144．A 145．C 146．D 147．B 148．A 149．C 150．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了露营时营地通常会限制孩子们使用电子设备，而父母对孩子过度养育，不断询问孩子在营地的情况，往往会破坏孩子独立意识的发展。 136．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Clemson禁止在夏令营使用手机和其他电子设备。A. bans禁止；B. produces产生；C. searches搜索；D. provides提供。根据后文的“We traditionally think of summer camps as a place where we get to swim in a lake, camp under the stars and make new ___3___ over campfires and outdoor adventures, not one where we text and play video games.”可知，传统上，我们认为夏令营不是一个我们发短信和玩电子游戏的地方，故这个夏令营禁止使用手机和其他电子设备。故选A项。 137．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据美国营地协会的说法，美国大多数寄宿营地都限制使用手机。A. want想要；B. limit限制；C. enable使能够；D. improve改进。根据后文的“We traditionally think of summer camps as a place where we get to swim in a lake, camp under the stars and make new ___3___ over campfires and outdoor adventures, not one where we text and play video games.”可知，传统上，我们认为夏令营不是一个我们发短信和玩电子游戏的地方，故美国大多数寄宿营地都限制使用手机。故选B项。 138．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们传统上认为夏令营是一个我们可以在湖里游泳，在星空下露营，在篝火旁结交新朋友和户外探险的地方，而不是一个我们发短信和玩电子游戏的地方。A. friends朋友；B. decisions决定；C. investments投资；D. mistakes错误。根据前文的“We traditionally think of summer camps as a place where we get to swim in a lake, camp under the stars and make”和常识可推知，我们传统上认为夏令营是可以玩耍和交朋友的地方。make friends“交朋友”，为固定短语。故选A项。 139．考查介词短语辨析。句意：研究人员说，露营者在独自面对风险和克服思乡情绪的同时，培养了宝贵的社交技能。A. on purpose故意；B. in agreement一致；C. by themselves独自；D. with excitement兴奋地。根据前文的“while facing risks and working their way through their feelings of homesickness”可推知，露营时面对风险和克服思乡情绪是露营者在独自面对的。故选C项。 140．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那里的许多露营者说他们想念YouTube和Snapchat，但他们很快就开始欣赏这些动手活动和面对面的友谊。A. use使用；B. uninstall卸载；C. forget忘记；D. miss想念。根据前文的“And according to the American Camp Association, most sleep-away camps in the United States ___2___ access to cell phones.”可知，露营地限制使用手机，故露营者会想念聊天的软件，想和人用手机聊天。故选D项。 141．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：营地负责人说，最难放手的人不一定是参加夏令营的人自己，而是他们的父母。A. first第一的；B. hardest最难的；C. shortest最短的；D. greatest最大的。根据后文的“It’s parents who call every day demanding ___8___ on their kids and who expect to hear from the camp director about every skinned knee.”可知，父母不放心孩子们，最难放手的是父母。故选B项。 142．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，无论你称他们为“直升机父母”、“雪地摩托父母”还是“割草机父母”，过度介入的父母总体上都在产生负面影响，破坏了这些夏令营旨在为青少年提供的积极的人际交往体验。A. finding发现；B. attending出席；C. ruining破坏；D. setting up设置。根据前文的“over-involved parenting is having a negative overall effect”可知，过度介入的父母会破坏孩子们的夏令营体验。故选C项。 143．考查名词词义辨析。句意：家长们每天打电话要求报告孩子的情况，他们希望从夏令营主任那里听到每一个擦伤的膝盖。A. comments评论；B. reports报告；C. studies研究；D. focus关注。根据后文的“who expect to hear from the camp director about every skinned knee”可知，家长们要求夏令营负责人报告孩子的情况。故选B项。 144．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她说：“我必须回应那些习惯了与女儿不断沟通的母亲。”A. respond to回应；B. chat with聊天；C. seek out找出；D. argue against反对。根据后文的“who are used to having constant communication with their daughters,” she says. How many 10 a day? “Up to 100.””可知，父母不放心孩子，总是询问孩子的情况，老师不得不作出回应。故选A项。 145．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天有多少条信息？A. problems问题；B. parents父母；C. messages消息；D. lessons经验教训。根据前文的“Meg Barthel, the lead girls’ counselor at camp Echo, carries a device with access to Wi-Fi around camp. “I have to ___9___ the mothers who are used to having constant communication with their daughters, ”she says.”可知，父母惦记孩子，发出很多信息询问情况。故选C项。 146．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些夏令营通过在网上发布图片和视频来满足家长对最新情况的渴望。A. plan计划；B. wait等待；C. pause停顿；D. thirst渴望。根据前文的““I have to ___9___ the mothers who are used to having constant communication with their daughters,” she says.”可知，家长渴望知道孩子们的情况。故选D项。 147．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但有时这会产生相反的效果。A. magical神奇的；B. opposite相反的；C. protective防护的；D. similar相像的。根据后文的“In response, they’ll often receive the following phone call: “Hello, camp director, I was on your ___13___ and I don’t see them. Are they OK? Were they sent to the hospital?””可知，家长在网站的照片中没有看到自己的孩子，反倒更担忧，故这产生了相反的效果。故选B项。 148．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为回应，他们通常会接到这样的电话：“你好，营地主任，我在你的网站上，但我没有看到他们。他们还好吗？他们被送到医院了吗？”A. website网站；B. campsite露营地；C. phone电话；D. list列表。根据前文的“Some camps address parents’ ___11___ for updates by posting pictures and videos online.”可知，家长在网站上看到的图片或视频。故选A项。 149．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Garst说，对过度养育的研究表明，当父母以这种方式行事时，孩子独立意识的发展可能会减慢或完全停止。A. self-awareness自我意识；B. knowledge知识；C. independence独立性；D. intelligence智力。根据后文的“The parents are sending the message that they don’t think their kids can get through tough moments on their own, and the kids pick up on this attitude.”可知，父母传递的信息是，他们认为自己的孩子无法独自度过艰难时刻，而孩子们也接受了这种态度，故孩子独立意识的发展遭到破坏。故选C项。 150．考查动词短语辨析。句意：孩子们并没有真正学会如何自己解决问题。A. make friends交朋友；B. ask questions问问题；C. make plans制定计划；D. solve problems解决问题。根据前文的“The parents are sending the message that they don’t think their kids can get through tough moments on their own, and the kids pick up on this attitude.”可知，父母和孩子这样的态度导致孩子们不能自己解决生活中的难题。故选D项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $