专题09 六选四句子还原（精选名校试题12篇）【考题猜想】-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末考点大串讲（上海）

高一上学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题09 六选四句子还原精选12篇 （原题版） 01 【来源】上海交大附中嘉定分校2023-2024学年 高一上期末英语考试 More Than a Feeling Charles Darwin formulated the most successful theory in the history of biology: the theory of evolution. He was also responsible for another grand theory: the theory of emotion, which dominated his field for more than a century. Its core principle was that the mind consists of two competing forces: the rational and the emotional. 1 We now know that, on the contrary, emotions enhance our process of reasoning and aid our decision-making. In fact, we can’t make decisions, or even think, without being influenced by our emotions. 2 Perhaps the most important discovery regarding the role of emotion is that even when you believe you are exercising cold, logical reason, you are not. People are not usually aware of this, but the very framework (框架) of their thought process is highly influenced by what they are feeling at the time - sometimes subtly (细微地). Consider anger, for example. Backed by the threat of attack, anger creates incentives (动机) for others to comfort the angry individual. Your mental calculations increase the importance you place on your own welfare and goals at the expense of others’. Coaches tap into anger as a motivational tool because the focus on the self encourages athletes to push themselves to achieve their goals. Anger also causes you to perceive less risk. 3 The new view of emotion may not correspond to the way Darwin saw it, but it does support one of the basic conclusions of his theory of evolution. Humans are not as different from non-human animals as people believed. What can we learn from this? The first and most crucial step is self- awareness. 4 By studying our own emotions, we can read others’ better and communicate more effectively. Once we are in touch with our true feelings, we can take steps to manage them whenever it benefits. A．Emotions play a critical role in shaping our thoughts and decisions, subtly influencing the framework of our reasoning even when we believe we are thinking rationally. B．He believed that emotions played a constructive role in the lives of non-human animals, while the usefulness of emotions was largely replaced by the evolution of reason in humans. C．That can produce better judgments in situations where risk aversion (厌恶) is inappropriate, as when you are analyzing stocks (股票) or playing poker. D．Anger, while often perceived negatively, can sometimes fuel our motivation and reduce our perception of risk, enabling more decisive actions in certain situations. E．Studies show that those with high levels of emotional intelligence fare better in their personal and professional lives. F．If emotions aid rational reasoning, how does that work. 02 【来源】上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 Soaps are still big business today. A television soap such as The Bold and the Beautiful (an American television soap opera created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS) airs in nearly 100 countries with more than 350 million viewers daily. People need to be able to identify with the characters and situations in a soap and relate what they see to their own lives. Everything needs to be exaggerated slightly to make the people and their lives more exciting than real life. A good soap needs friction, with characters of different ages involved in dramatic situations. According to the editor of Inside Soap magazine, all successful soaps use the same six or seven character types. 5 . Soaps need a way to make sure that people will watch the next episode (a television or radio program that is one of series of programs in which the same story is continued each week). An episode always needs to end with a dramatic moment that won’t be resolved until the next episode. 6 . Will the couple get together? Will the hero be rescued? This is called a cliff-hanger. We are all interested in other people’s lives, and soaps are an entertaining way to see into the lives of ordinary people. 7 . We can talk about soaps at school or at work with friends, sharing predictions and opinions. They are usually on at the same time of day, so they become part of our daily routine. Families often watch soaps together at mealtimes so they can talk about what’s happening to the characters. 8 . When people become addicted to soaps, they often can’t distinguish between fact and fiction. Soaps make life seem exciting, so they can depress people who think their own lives are boring in comparison. Soaps help us survive in the world by showing us situations that we might have to deal with. They inform their audience about a range of issues. Talking about your own problems can be difficult, so it’s often easier to talk about your own problems by talking about soap opera problems. A．What will happen next? B．Soaps are also something that can be shared C．Gossiping about soaps is popular and very healthy D．They’re usually extreme examples of people we see every day E．Soaps can be addictive and can have a negative effect on people F．Soaps also help viewers communicate with people around them 03 【来源】上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末区统考英语试卷 Travel Manners Every culture has its own unwritten list of behavior that is acceptable. Every society also has its taboos, or types of behavior that are considered a violation (违反) of good manners. The word taboo comes from the Tongan language and is used in modern English to describe verbal and nonverbal behavior that is forbidden or to be avoided. 9 They tend to be specific to a culture or country, and usually form around a group’s values and beliefs. What is considered acceptable behavior in one country may be a serious taboo in another. Verbal taboos usually involve topics that people believe are too private to talk about publicly, or relate to one’s manner of speaking. In many cultures, for example, it is considered bad manners to discuss subjects such as sex or religion in public. In some countries, the volume of one’s voice may annoy people. 10 11 . For example, one of the biggest differences among many Western, Asian, and African cultures is the use of eye contact. In the US, people make eye contact when they talk to others. If a person avoids eye contact, others might think they are being dishonest or unconfident. In many Asian and African cultures, however, children are taught to lower their eyes when talking to their elders, or those of higher rank, as a way to show respect. Certain gestures made with the hands can have very different meanings depending on the country you are in. Crossing your middle finger over your forefinger is the sign for good luck in many western countries. 12 . Also, in some Asian countries, moving your hands a lot while talking, or ‘talking with your hands’, is considered unsuitable. Behavior that is acceptable and non-offensive in one culture can be highly offensive in another. When visiting a foreign country, be aware of some of the basic differences, as this will help to ensure a more enjoyable trip. A．Nonverbal taboos usually relate to body language. B．In Vietnam and Argentina, however, it is a rude gesture. C．In spite of what some people may think, taboos are not universal. D．Cancer is a taboo subject and people are frightened to talk openly about it. E．Learn a country’s customs so that you don’t hurt the local people unconsciously. F．They might think that someone who is speaking or laughing loudly is rude or aggressive. 04 【来源】上海市上海中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 Do Lobsters Feel Pain? The traditional method for cooking a lobster — boiling it alive — raises the question of whether or not lobsters feel pain. 13 . Lobsters decay very quickly after they die, and eating a dead lobster increases the risk of food-borne illness and reduces the quality of its flavor. However, if lobsters are capable of feeling pain, these cooking methods raise ethical questions for chefs and lobster eaters alike. Until the 1980s, scientists were trained to ignore animal pain, based on the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However, today, scientists view humans as a species of animal. Still, scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters feel pain. Lobsters have a peripheral system (外围系统) like humans, but instead of a single brain, they possess segmented ganglia (分段神经节). Because of these differences, some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar to vertebrates (脊椎动物) to feel pain and that their reaction to negative stimuli is simply a reflex. 14 . Lobsters guard their injuries, learn to avoid dangerous situations, and respond to anesthetics (麻醉剂). For these reasons, most scientists believe that injuring a lobster (e. g. storing it on ice or boiling it alive) causes physical pain. 15 . Currently, boiling lobsters alive is banned in Switzerland, New Zealand, and the Italian city Reggio Emilia. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal, many restaurants choose more human e methods, both to calm customer concerns and because the chefs believe stress negatively affects the flavor of the meat. While we cannot know definitively whether or not lobsters feel pain, research indicates that it’s likely. So, if you want to enjoy a lobster dinner, how should you go about it? The most human e tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device kills a lobster by an electric shock, making it unconscious in less than half a second, after which it can be cut apart or boiled. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from immersion in boiling water. 16 . Some restaurants place a lobster in a plastic bag and place it in the freezer for a couple of hours, during which time the lobster loses consciousness and dies. A．Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the criteria for a pain response B．This cooking technique is used in many restaurants to improve humans’ dining experience C．Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain, it is now becoming illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice D．This method is probably the most humane option for killing a lobster before cooking and eating it E．Evidence shows that many species like lobsters are capable of learning and possess some level of self-awareness F．Unfortunately, this technique is too expensive for most restaurants to afford 05 【来源】上海市松江区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 Club Activities in Japanese Schools In the after-class activities of Japanese high schools, there are various clubs. Participation depends on students; however, most students choose a certain club. 17 And there are various kinds within each type. A recent survey showed activity participation rate (比率). In junior high schools, participation rate was around 70% in sports clubs and around 20% in culture clubs. In senior high schools, participation rate in sports clubs dropped to about 50%, and in culture clubs, rose to around 25%. One reason is that there are more kinds of culture clubs in senior high schools than in junior high schools, so there is a wider range of choices. 18 The rate of junior high school students not choosing any club was less than 10%. However, that number more than doubled in senior high school. In recent years, the number of students not joining in any clubs is increasing. Stronger individualism, which causes unwillingness to participate in group activities, is one factor behind this change. 19 Japanese clubs are considered “a part of education” and are different from club activities overseas. Learning teamwork is a common factor; in particular, sports clubs have a strict hierarchy (等级制度) and are useful in leaning to be polite. This is said to have influenced the way Japanese companies work, for example, with respect for seniors. Compared to sports clubs, the hierarchy in culture clubs is not as strict. 20 Besides, clubs which practice traditional Japanese martial arts and culture offer a valuable chance to learn the traditional arts firsthand. By experiencing such arts in teenage years, the chance of passing traditional culture to the next generation is large. A．Clubs are generally divided into two types — sports clubs and culture clubs. B．Each sports club has a teacher, but the key is placed on student independence. C．They are places where like-minded students can improve their creativity together. D．Culture clubs in senior high schools tend to include traditional culture activities, such as tea ceremony. E．It is also pointed out that culture clubs offer a more casual environment than sports clubs that require long and hard practice. F．Actually, there are many advantages of participating in club activities in Japan. 06 【来源】上海市上海市嘉定区2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题 Group Intelligence Being smart doesn’t matter much if you’re working in a group, according to the first study to calculate collective intelligence — a group’s ability to succeed at a variety of tasks. Surprisingly, in a team an individual’s intelligence does not have much to do with success in thought-based tasks such as visual puzzles and negotiating over limited resources, a set of recent experiments found. 21 That also explains why groups with more women — who score higher on tests of social sensitivity — were more likely to stand out, said study leader Anita Williams Woolley, an expert in collective intelligence at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Particularly intelligent groups also had more people who took turns speaking, according to the study, published in the journal Science. To test the conclusion, Woolley and colleagues recruited 699 volunteers and first measured each person’s intelligence and social sensitivity using standard psychological tests. 22 The results revealed that certain groups were better at all types of tasks, which is the “primary evidence for collective intelligence,” Woolley said. 23 As guessed, the groups’ collective intelligence scores from the first round of tests predicted how they’d do on the following complex experiments, Woolley said. 24 — especially as more decisions in fields such as business and the military are made in discussion-based settings, she said. For instance, knowing a group’s collective intelligence could be vital in a situation like starting a new business. A．There’s such a focus on individual intelligence and individual accomplishment. B．This ability to predict group success may offer guidance in real-life situations. C．Instead, a group is more successful if it contains people who can read emotions from people’s faces. D．Group intelligence may also be rooted in the past. E．The volunteers were then split into groups of two to five and asked to do some simple tasks. F．Next, the groups were each asked to perform more complex tasks. 07 【来源】上海市长宁区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 Be a Lifelong Learner We live in a world that prizes education. But most people think of education only in terms of formal classes. When people graduate from high school or college, they usually think their education is complete. But it is possible to continue learning after finishing school. 25 On a personal level, learning can be fun. It can deepen your conversations by giving you something interesting to talk about. And it’s good for your brain. Hobbies that require thought can help you keep your mental abilities as you age. Just as exercise makes your muscles stronger, your mind becomes sharper when you use it. Being a lifelong learner can also help your career. Becoming an expert in an area outside of your present job gives you freedom. It allows you to take a job in another field if you want to. Also, knowledge in other areas can help you develop creative ideas in your current job. 26 It starts with making a conscious decision to do so. You need to be determined to keep making the effort to learn when it isn’t easy. It may help to find friends who will encourage your learning. It might also help to set aside specific times to study. Try finding time to learn throughout your day. Carry a book with you, and read when you have to wait. Audiobooks and podcasts are also helpful resources. You can listen to them while traveling or doing chores. 27 If you want to learn how to fix appliances, try fixing some at home. If you’re learning a foreign language, find someone who speaks that language to talk to. If you’re learning facts about economics or science, explain what you’re learning to someone else. 28 A．What does a lifelong learner look like? B．So how do you become a lifelong learner? C．Then you can help that person be a lifelong learner, too! D．Finding ways to use what you learn can help you remember things. E．Never stop discovering new things about the world around you. F．And making the effort pays off personally and professionally. 08 【来源】上海市虹口区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 Keeping a bit of the outdoors inside is nothing new, but houseplant collections have become a popular social media trend — which means that more people than ever are discovering the comfort and beauty that caring for plants brings. 29 Exposure to greenery, whether you have indoor plants, take walks outside or tend to a garden, has been found to have multiple mental-health benefits, such as lowering stress, decreasing feelings of depression, increasing sociability, restoring focus, improving cognitive performance, improving mood and increasing self-esteem. “One study showed that patients at a hospital who had plants in their room reported less pain, lower blood pressure, less fatigue and less anxiety than patients without plants in their rooms,” says Jenny Seham, a New York-based psychologist. She explains: “Cortisol, the stress hormone, has been shown to lower with plant interaction, reducing fatigue, irritability (易怒) and blood pressure.” Research has also shown that having plants and gardening increase productivity and levels of serotonin, the neurotransmitter responsible for lifting our mood. 30 And it is also opposed to dwelling on the past or worrying about the future. Before you fill your space with greenery, consider how you’ll interact with your plants. 31 Can you care for them daily? If you have a small space or aren’t sure how much time you’re willing to invest in “plant parenting.” Start slow. “ 32 It can engage you by its smell or colour, creating a positive mood response with every interaction,” says Seham. A．For instance, is there enough space for plants in areas where you spend a lot of time? B．Half the fun of gardening is that you never know exactly what’s going to come up. C．It’s a feel-good hobby that’s supported by science. D．While indoor gardening can boost your feelings of wellbeing, help reduce stress and promote relaxation, it’s not, of course, a substitute for a trained mental health professional. E．The theory is that plant care helps us focus on the present moment and provides a feeling of accomplishment. F．Just one plant can make a difference. 09 【来源】上海市奉贤区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末调研考试英语试卷 The world’s population reached five billion on the day I was born. That was in Indonesia back in 1987, and my parents was shocked that there were so many people on the planet. 33 In October 2011, the seven billionth baby was born, and experts predict that there will be ten billion of us before the end of this century. 34 If you said “hello to a different person every second, it would take you 222 years to greet everyone on the planet. If seven billion people made a human chain with their hands, the chain would go to the moon and back nine times. The human population has never been bigger, but in some ways the planet seems to begetting unbelievably smaller. In the past, travellers from Europe to Indonesia spent months at sea. Now you just have to sit on a plane for a few hours. When you arrived in another country a hundred years ago, you saw unfamiliar styles of clothing and buildings and discovered a completely different culture. In many places today, clothing and new buildings are very similar, and people enjoy the same things. 35 Even the languages that we use are becoming more global. There are around seven thousand languages in use today. 36 I grew up in a small village where everyone spoke Baras, one of Indonesia’s local languages. Today, like most of the youth from my village, I live in the capital, Jakarta, and speak Indonesian there. The only regular Baras speakers at present are the older people who have stayed in the country, so the language is threatened with extinction. A．But the number is decreasing fast. B．Although we are on different continents, we are starting to live the same lives. C．The planet might be a lot more peaceful if that were the case. D．However, since then the population has continued to increase at an alarming rate. E．A number as big as seven billion is hard to imagine. F．With only one language left, there will be no culture difference in the world. 10 【来源】上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末质量调研英语试卷 Taking responsibility for yourself and your actions is an important part of personal growth. It’s never too late to start practicing the positive habit of accepting responsibility for yourself. 37 Improve your confidence. 38 If you can’t think of any, ask loved ones to help. You can also write down your goals, create a plan for achieving them and learn to accept positive feedback. Remove the excuses. To break the harmful habit of excuse-making, ensure you’re honestly acknowledging what really happened. Next time you’re faced with the negative result of a situation, ensure you say something like “Sorry, I messed it up. How can I make up for it?” 39 Take positive actions. If you want your family and friends to show more interest in your life, get interested in theirs. If you want a more satisfying job, figure out what you need to do to achieve it. Your actions will affect what you get out of life, so ensure you’re acting in a way you get what you want. 40 If you often see yourself as a powerless man, this might be because you are experiencing hardships in your own life. And this feeling will be strengthened by the way you communicate with yourself and others. So look out for passive, self-destroying thoughts like “Why is this happening to me?” and learn to take responsibility. A．How can I be more powerful? B．Change your thought patterns. C．Realize who you are as a person. D．No matter how old you are, you can easily begin today. E．Don’t worry-—your honesty will earn you respect from others. F．Spend some time reflecting on your strengths and how to use them. 11 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 Does solving a math problem give you a headache? Do you feel nervous when you sit a math exam? 41 . Scientists came to this conclusion with an in-depth experiment, which was published in the Public Library of Science One journal. They began by finding out how much participants fear math, Those involved were asked a series of questions such as how they feel when they receive a math textbook or when they walk into a math lesson. Based en their answers, participants were divided into groups. One group was made up of people who were particularly afraid of math and participants in the other group were more comfortable with the subject. Both groups were then given either math tasks or word tasks. When a math task was going to come next, a yellow circle would appear but when a word task was soon to come, a blue square would be shown. 42 . It was like the pain they would feel, for example, if they burnt their hand on a hot stove. But they reacted less strongly when they knew that they would be faced with a word task. However, scientists saw no strong brain response from people in the second group. Math can be difficult, and for those with high levels of mathematics-anxiety (HMA), math is associated with tension, apprehension and fear. “When you are really thinking about the math problems, your mind is racing and you are worrying about all the things that could go wrong,” explained Ian Lyons from University of Chicago, US, leader of the study. “ 43 .” More interestingly the brain activity disappeared when participants actually started dealing with the math tasks “ 44 .” Lyons said. Based on the study, scientists suggested that things could be done to help students worry less and move past their fear of math, which might mean they perform better in tests. A．This means that it’s not that math itself hurts; rather, the anticipation of math is painful B．Researchers have developed a mind-reading device that can retrieve images from the person’s memory with the help of brain scans. C．For most students, math can be tough but scientists have proved that math problems can actually trigger physical pain. D．Using a brain-scan machine, scientists noticed that whenever people from Group One saw a yellow circle, their brain would respond in a way similar to when their body is feeling pain. E．The higher a person’s anxiety of a maths task, the more he activated brain regions associated with threat detection, and the experience of pain. F．Most students, especially girls, are extremely scared of math. 12 【来源】上海市进才中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 What’s the relation between snore (打鼾) and obesity? Many people like to snore while they are sleeping, not only men, but also women, and they are getting younger. So why do people snore when they sleep? When people breathe, gas enters the body and passes through the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx, all the way to the trachea and lungs. Snoring is the sound of a gas passing through a narrow passage, resulting in strong airflow changes and vibrations. 45 Snoring is not terrible, terrible is to play a few times after the sudden silence, not breathing the most terrible. If the air doesn’t get into the lungs, there’s a condition called sleep apnea, or sleep apnea. If the gas stays in your mouth or nose for more than 10 seconds, you’re basically suffering from sleep apnea. However, don’t worry too much. So, how can you prevent snoring? There are many popular remedies for snoring, such as drinking pepper water and using mouthwash before going to bed. 46 A large number of cases show that obesity is an important factor in the snoring phenomenon, and weight gain is an important cause of snoring and even breath-holding. When a lot of young people are not fat, they do not snore. But after weight gain, this phenomenon might occur. 47 What’s more, people should give up bad habits in their daily life. For example, heavy drinking can make snoring worse. 48 Many cases show that patients do have a lot of benefits after cleaning the nasal cavity (鼻腔): many patients with mild allergic rhinitis or sinusitis through rinsing the nasal cavity, the condition has been significantly improved. A．So you should exercise more and control your weight. B．Well, that is not actually the case. C．However, these methods have little effect. D．In addition, also pay attention to nasal cleaning. E．In fact, if any place in this passage is narrow, there will be snoring. F．Sleeping on your back can also make you snore. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高一上学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题09 六选四句子还原精选12篇 （解析版） 01 【来源】上海交大附中嘉定分校2023-2024学年 高一上期末英语考试 More Than a Feeling Charles Darwin formulated the most successful theory in the history of biology: the theory of evolution. He was also responsible for another grand theory: the theory of emotion, which dominated his field for more than a century. Its core principle was that the mind consists of two competing forces: the rational and the emotional. 1 We now know that, on the contrary, emotions enhance our process of reasoning and aid our decision-making. In fact, we can’t make decisions, or even think, without being influenced by our emotions. 2 Perhaps the most important discovery regarding the role of emotion is that even when you believe you are exercising cold, logical reason, you are not. People are not usually aware of this, but the very framework (框架) of their thought process is highly influenced by what they are feeling at the time - sometimes subtly (细微地). Consider anger, for example. Backed by the threat of attack, anger creates incentives (动机) for others to comfort the angry individual. Your mental calculations increase the importance you place on your own welfare and goals at the expense of others’. Coaches tap into anger as a motivational tool because the focus on the self encourages athletes to push themselves to achieve their goals. Anger also causes you to perceive less risk. 3 The new view of emotion may not correspond to the way Darwin saw it, but it does support one of the basic conclusions of his theory of evolution. Humans are not as different from non-human animals as people believed. What can we learn from this? The first and most crucial step is self- awareness. 4 By studying our own emotions, we can read others’ better and communicate more effectively. Once we are in touch with our true feelings, we can take steps to manage them whenever it benefits. A．Emotions play a critical role in shaping our thoughts and decisions, subtly influencing the framework of our reasoning even when we believe we are thinking rationally. B．He believed that emotions played a constructive role in the lives of non-human animals, while the usefulness of emotions was largely replaced by the evolution of reason in humans. C．That can produce better judgments in situations where risk aversion (厌恶) is inappropriate, as when you are analyzing stocks (股票) or playing poker. D．Anger, while often perceived negatively, can sometimes fuel our motivation and reduce our perception of risk, enabling more decisive actions in certain situations. E．Studies show that those with high levels of emotional intelligence fare better in their personal and professional lives. F．If emotions aid rational reasoning, how does that work. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．C 4．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍达尔文的另一个伟大理论-情感理论，说明情感对人类有很大的影响，会影响人们的决策，有助于人们的理性推理。 1．根据上文“Charles Darwin formulated the most successful theory in the history of biology: the theory of evolution. He was also responsible for another grand theory: the theory of emotion, which dominated his field for more than a century. Its core principle was that the mind consists of two competing forces: the rational and the emotional. (查尔斯·达尔文提出了生物学史上最成功的理论：进化论。他还创立了另一个伟大的理论：情感理论，这一理论在他的研究领域占据了一个多世纪的主导地位。它的核心原则是，思维由两种相互竞争的力量组成：理性和情感。)”可知本段给出了要探讨的话题，就是达尔文的情感理论，因此下文应该进一步阐述达尔文的情感理论的内容，B选项“他认为情感在非人类动物的生活中起着建设性的作用，而情感的有用性在很大程度上被人类理性的进化所取代。”符合题意，并且选项呼应上文的“the rational and the emotional”，故选B。 2．根据上文“In fact, we can’t make decisions, or even think, without being influenced by our emotions. (事实上，如果不受情绪的影响，我们就无法做出决定，甚至无法思考。)”以及下文“Perhaps the most important discovery regarding the role of emotion is that even when you believe you are exercising cold, logical reason, you are not. People are not usually aware of this, but the very framework (框架) of their thought process is highly influenced by what they are feeling at the time - sometimes subtly (细微地). (也许关于情感的作用最重要的发现是，即使当你相信你在运用冷静、逻辑的推理时，你并不是。人们通常没有意识到这一点，但他们的思维过程的框架受到他们当时情感的高度影响——有时是微妙的。)”可知上下文都在说我们的思考和推理都是受情感影响的，所以F选项“如果情绪有助于理性推理，它是如何起作用的？”起到了承上启下的作用，符合题意，故选F。 3．根据上文“Anger also causes you to perceive less risk. (愤怒还会让你觉得风险更小。)”和选项，C选项“在不适宜规避风险的情况下，比如在分析股票或玩扑克时，这可以让你做出更好的判断。”正是对愤怒可以让你觉得风险更小的举例说明，选项中的“That”指代上文的“Anger”，连接紧密，故选C。 4．根据上文“The new view of emotion may not correspond to the way Darwin saw it, but it does support one of the basic conclusions of his theory of evolution. Humans are not as different from non-human animals as people believed. What can we learn from this? The first and most crucial step is self- awareness. (这种关于情感的新观点可能与达尔文的观点不一致，但它确实支持了达尔文进化论的一个基本结论。人类与非人类动物并不像人们认为的那样不同。我们能从中学到什么？第一步也是最关键的一步是自我意识。)”和下文“By studying our own emotions, we can read others’ better and communicate more effectively. Once we are in touch with our true feelings, we can take steps to manage them whenever it benefits. (通过研究我们自己的情绪，我们可以更好地理解别人的情绪，更有效地沟通。一旦我们接触到自己的真实感受，我们就可以采取措施来管理它们。)”可知本段都是讲我们从情感的新观点中学到了什么，也就是情绪的作用和好处，E选项“研究表明，情商高的人在个人生活和职业生涯中表现得更好。”符合题意，故选E。 02 【来源】上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 Soaps are still big business today. A television soap such as The Bold and the Beautiful (an American television soap opera created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS) airs in nearly 100 countries with more than 350 million viewers daily. People need to be able to identify with the characters and situations in a soap and relate what they see to their own lives. Everything needs to be exaggerated slightly to make the people and their lives more exciting than real life. A good soap needs friction, with characters of different ages involved in dramatic situations. According to the editor of Inside Soap magazine, all successful soaps use the same six or seven character types. 5 . Soaps need a way to make sure that people will watch the next episode (a television or radio program that is one of series of programs in which the same story is continued each week). An episode always needs to end with a dramatic moment that won’t be resolved until the next episode. 6 . Will the couple get together? Will the hero be rescued? This is called a cliff-hanger. We are all interested in other people’s lives, and soaps are an entertaining way to see into the lives of ordinary people. 7 . We can talk about soaps at school or at work with friends, sharing predictions and opinions. They are usually on at the same time of day, so they become part of our daily routine. Families often watch soaps together at mealtimes so they can talk about what’s happening to the characters. 8 . When people become addicted to soaps, they often can’t distinguish between fact and fiction. Soaps make life seem exciting, so they can depress people who think their own lives are boring in comparison. Soaps help us survive in the world by showing us situations that we might have to deal with. They inform their audience about a range of issues. Talking about your own problems can be difficult, so it’s often easier to talk about your own problems by talking about soap opera problems. A．What will happen next? B．Soaps are also something that can be shared C．Gossiping about soaps is popular and very healthy D．They’re usually extreme examples of people we see every day E．Soaps can be addictive and can have a negative effect on people F．Soaps also help viewers communicate with people around them 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．B 8．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了肥皂剧的特征及影响。 5．上文“According to the editor of Inside Soap magazine, all successful soaps use the same six or seven character types.”（根据Inside Soap杂志编辑的说法，所有成功的肥皂剧都使用相同的六到七种角色类型。）对成功的肥皂剧的类型角色进行了总结，D项“They’re usually extreme examples of people we see every day”（他们通常是我们每天都能见到的极端例子。）进一步说明这些类型角色的形象，其中“They”照应上文“six or seven character types”，衔接恰当。故选D项。 6．上文“An episode always needs to end with a dramatic moment that won’t be resolved until the next episode.”（一集总是需要以一个戏剧性的时刻结束，直到下一集才能解决。）说明肥皂剧需要有戏剧性的冲突和悬念，并结合下文“Will the couple get together? Will the hero be rescued? This is called a cliff-hanger.”（这对新人会在一起吗?英雄会被拯救吗?这就是所谓的扣人心弦。）解释了剧情要有悬念，让观众思考，A项“What will happen next?”（接下来会发生什么?）与下文的设问并列，句式一致，衔接恰当。故选A项。 7．下文“We can talk about soaps at school or at work with friends, sharing predictions and opinions.”（我们可以在学校或工作中与朋友谈论肥皂剧，分享预测和观点。）说明肥皂剧可以被讨论和分享，B项“Soaps are also something that can be shared”（肥皂剧也是可以共享的东西），衔接恰当。故选B项。 8．下文“When people become addicted to soaps, they often can’t distinguish between fact and fiction. Soaps make life seem exciting, so they can depress people who think their own lives are boring in comparison.”（当人们沉迷于肥皂剧时，他们往往分不清事实和虚构。肥皂剧使生活看起来令人兴奋，因此它们可以使那些认为自己的生活相比之下很无聊的人感到沮丧。）说明沉迷于肥皂剧有坏处，E项“Soaps can be addictive and can have a negative effect on people”（肥皂剧会让人上瘾，对人有负面影响。）可总结下文内容。故选E项。 03 【来源】上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末区统考英语试卷 Travel Manners Every culture has its own unwritten list of behavior that is acceptable. Every society also has its taboos, or types of behavior that are considered a violation (违反) of good manners. The word taboo comes from the Tongan language and is used in modern English to describe verbal and nonverbal behavior that is forbidden or to be avoided. 9 They tend to be specific to a culture or country, and usually form around a group’s values and beliefs. What is considered acceptable behavior in one country may be a serious taboo in another. Verbal taboos usually involve topics that people believe are too private to talk about publicly, or relate to one’s manner of speaking. In many cultures, for example, it is considered bad manners to discuss subjects such as sex or religion in public. In some countries, the volume of one’s voice may annoy people. 10 11 . For example, one of the biggest differences among many Western, Asian, and African cultures is the use of eye contact. In the US, people make eye contact when they talk to others. If a person avoids eye contact, others might think they are being dishonest or unconfident. In many Asian and African cultures, however, children are taught to lower their eyes when talking to their elders, or those of higher rank, as a way to show respect. Certain gestures made with the hands can have very different meanings depending on the country you are in. Crossing your middle finger over your forefinger is the sign for good luck in many western countries. 12 . Also, in some Asian countries, moving your hands a lot while talking, or ‘talking with your hands’, is considered unsuitable. Behavior that is acceptable and non-offensive in one culture can be highly offensive in another. When visiting a foreign country, be aware of some of the basic differences, as this will help to ensure a more enjoyable trip. A．Nonverbal taboos usually relate to body language. B．In Vietnam and Argentina, however, it is a rude gesture. C．In spite of what some people may think, taboos are not universal. D．Cancer is a taboo subject and people are frightened to talk openly about it. E．Learn a country’s customs so that you don’t hurt the local people unconsciously. F．They might think that someone who is speaking or laughing loudly is rude or aggressive. 【答案】9．C 10．F 11．A 12．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些文化禁忌。 9．上文“The word taboo comes from the Tongan language and is used in modem English to describe verbal and nonverbal behavior that is forbidden or to be avoided. (taboo这个词来自汤加语，在现代英语中用来描述被禁止或避免的言语和非言语行为)”解释了taboo的定义，选项C“不管有些人怎么想，禁忌（taboos）并不是普遍存在的。”承接上文，说明禁忌并不是普遍存在的，引出下文“They tend to be specific to a culture or country, and usually form around a group’s values and beliefs. What is considered acceptable behavior in one country may be a serious taboo in another.( 它们往往是特定于文化或国家的，通常是围绕一个群体的价值观和信仰形成的。在一个国家被认为可以接受的行为在另一个国家可能是严重的禁忌)”进一步解释禁忌并不是全球普遍存在的。故选C项。 10．上文“In some countries, the volume of one’s voice may annoy people. (在一些国家，一个人的音量可能会惹恼别人)”说明在一些国家，一个人的音量过大可能就是禁忌，选项F“他们可能会认为大声说话或大笑的人是粗鲁或咄咄逼人的。”承接上文，和上文存在因果关系，因为他们认为大声是粗鲁的或咄咄逼人的。故选F项。 11．下文“For example, one of the biggest differences among many Western, Asian, and African cultures is the use of eye contact. (例如，西方、亚洲和非洲文化之间最大的差异之一就是眼神交流的使用)”用肢体语言眼神交流举例说明禁忌问题，选项A“非语言禁忌通常与肢体语言有关。”引领下文，说明非语言禁忌和肢体语言有关。故选A项。 12．上文“Certain gestures made with the hands can have very different meanings depending on the country you are in. Crossing your middle finger over your forefinger is the sign for good luck in many western countries. (根据你所在国家的不同，用手做的某些手势可能有不同的含义。在许多西方国家，中指与食指交叉是好运的象征)”说明在不同的国家某些手势有不同含义，并以西方国家为例，说一个手势的含义，选项B“但在越南和阿根廷，这是一种粗鲁的行为。”承接上文，转折语义，说明这个手势在另外的国家，是一种截然不同的含义。故选B项。 04 【来源】上海市上海中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 Do Lobsters Feel Pain? The traditional method for cooking a lobster — boiling it alive — raises the question of whether or not lobsters feel pain. 13 . Lobsters decay very quickly after they die, and eating a dead lobster increases the risk of food-borne illness and reduces the quality of its flavor. However, if lobsters are capable of feeling pain, these cooking methods raise ethical questions for chefs and lobster eaters alike. Until the 1980s, scientists were trained to ignore animal pain, based on the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However, today, scientists view humans as a species of animal. Still, scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters feel pain. Lobsters have a peripheral system (外围系统) like humans, but instead of a single brain, they possess segmented ganglia (分段神经节). Because of these differences, some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar to vertebrates (脊椎动物) to feel pain and that their reaction to negative stimuli is simply a reflex. 14 . Lobsters guard their injuries, learn to avoid dangerous situations, and respond to anesthetics (麻醉剂). For these reasons, most scientists believe that injuring a lobster (e. g. storing it on ice or boiling it alive) causes physical pain. 15 . Currently, boiling lobsters alive is banned in Switzerland, New Zealand, and the Italian city Reggio Emilia. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal, many restaurants choose more human e methods, both to calm customer concerns and because the chefs believe stress negatively affects the flavor of the meat. While we cannot know definitively whether or not lobsters feel pain, research indicates that it’s likely. So, if you want to enjoy a lobster dinner, how should you go about it? The most human e tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device kills a lobster by an electric shock, making it unconscious in less than half a second, after which it can be cut apart or boiled. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from immersion in boiling water. 16 . Some restaurants place a lobster in a plastic bag and place it in the freezer for a couple of hours, during which time the lobster loses consciousness and dies. A．Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the criteria for a pain response B．This cooking technique is used in many restaurants to improve humans’ dining experience C．Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain, it is now becoming illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice D．This method is probably the most humane option for killing a lobster before cooking and eating it E．Evidence shows that many species like lobsters are capable of learning and possess some level of self-awareness F．Unfortunately, this technique is too expensive for most restaurants to afford 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．C 16．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些研究表明伤害龙虾会导致龙虾身体疼痛，所以一些国家规定活煮龙虾已成为违法行为，文章还介绍了几种人性化杀死龙虾的方法。 13．上文“The traditional method for cooking a lobster — boiling it alive — raises the question of whether or not lobsters feel pain. (烹饪龙虾的传统方法——活煮——引发了龙虾是否感到疼痛的问题)”指出烹饪龙虾的传统方法是活煮，下文“Lobsters decay very quickly after they die, and eating a dead lobster increases the risk of food-borne illness and reduces the quality of its flavor. (龙虾死后很快就会腐烂，食用死龙虾会增加食源性疾病的风险并降低其风味质量)”指出吃死龙虾的危害，由此可知，空处应该承接上文，指出活煮龙虾的好处，B项“许多餐厅都采用这种烹饪技术来改善人类的就餐体验”符合语境，this cooking technique代指上文boiling it alive，故选B。 14．上文“Because of these differences, some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar to vertebrates (脊椎动物) to feel pain and that their reaction to negative stimuli is simply a reflex. (由于这些差异，一些研究人员认为，龙虾与脊椎动物太不相似了，它们对负面刺激的反应仅仅是一种反射)”指出一些研究人员认为，龙虾与脊椎动物太不相似了，它们对负面刺激的反应仅仅是一种反射，下文“Lobsters guard their injuries, learn to avoid dangerous situations, and respond to anesthetics (麻醉剂).  For these reasons, most scientists believe that injuring a lobster (e. g. storing it on ice or boiling it alive) causes physical pain.(龙虾保护自己的伤口，学会避免危险情况，并对麻醉剂做出反应。由于这些原因，大多数科学家认为伤害龙虾（例如将其存放在冰上或活煮）会导致身体疼痛)”和上文是转折关系，指出一些科学家的不同看法，即龙虾会对疼痛做出反应，A项“尽管如此，龙虾确实满足疼痛反应的所有标准”符合语境，引起下文，故选A。 15．下文“Currently, boiling lobsters alive is banned in Switzerland, New Zealand, and the Italian city Reggio Emilia.(目前，瑞士、新西兰和意大利雷焦艾米利亚市禁止活煮龙虾)”指出一些国家禁止活煮龙虾，C项“由于越来越多的证据表明龙虾可能会感到疼痛，现在活煮龙虾或将它们放在冰上已成为违法行为”符合语境，引起下文，故选C。 16．上文“So, if you want to enjoy a lobster dinner, how should you go about it? The most human e tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device kills a lobster by an electric shock, making it unconscious in less than half a second, after which it can be cut apart or boiled. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from immersion in boiling water.(那么，如果你想享受一顿龙虾大餐，该怎么做呢？最人性化的龙虾烹饪工具是CrustaStun。该装置通过电击杀死龙虾，使其在不到半秒的时间内失去知觉，然后可以将其切开或煮沸。相比之下，龙虾在沸水中浸泡约2分钟就会死亡)”可知，最人性化的龙虾烹饪工具是使用工具CrustaStun，该装置通过电击杀死龙虾，下文“Some restaurants place a lobster in a plastic bag and place it in the freezer for a couple of hours, during which time the lobster loses consciousness and dies.(一些餐馆将龙虾放入塑料袋中，然后将其放入冰箱中几个小时，在此期间龙虾会失去知觉并死亡)”指出一些餐厅却用其他的方法，而不是这种用工具CrustaStun电死龙虾的最人性的方法，这说明这种方法有一定的缺陷，F项“不幸的是，这种技术对于大多数餐馆来说太昂贵了，无法承受”符合语境，即这种方法花费太大，一些餐馆无法负担，所以采用其他的方法，故选F。 05 【来源】上海市松江区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 Club Activities in Japanese Schools In the after-class activities of Japanese high schools, there are various clubs. Participation depends on students; however, most students choose a certain club. 17 And there are various kinds within each type. A recent survey showed activity participation rate (比率). In junior high schools, participation rate was around 70% in sports clubs and around 20% in culture clubs. In senior high schools, participation rate in sports clubs dropped to about 50%, and in culture clubs, rose to around 25%. One reason is that there are more kinds of culture clubs in senior high schools than in junior high schools, so there is a wider range of choices. 18 The rate of junior high school students not choosing any club was less than 10%. However, that number more than doubled in senior high school. In recent years, the number of students not joining in any clubs is increasing. Stronger individualism, which causes unwillingness to participate in group activities, is one factor behind this change. 19 Japanese clubs are considered “a part of education” and are different from club activities overseas. Learning teamwork is a common factor; in particular, sports clubs have a strict hierarchy (等级制度) and are useful in leaning to be polite. This is said to have influenced the way Japanese companies work, for example, with respect for seniors. Compared to sports clubs, the hierarchy in culture clubs is not as strict. 20 Besides, clubs which practice traditional Japanese martial arts and culture offer a valuable chance to learn the traditional arts firsthand. By experiencing such arts in teenage years, the chance of passing traditional culture to the next generation is large. A．Clubs are generally divided into two types — sports clubs and culture clubs. B．Each sports club has a teacher, but the key is placed on student independence. C．They are places where like-minded students can improve their creativity together. D．Culture clubs in senior high schools tend to include traditional culture activities, such as tea ceremony. E．It is also pointed out that culture clubs offer a more casual environment than sports clubs that require long and hard practice. F．Actually, there are many advantages of participating in club activities in Japan. 【答案】17．A 18．E 19．F 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本学校的社团活动。 17．根据下文“And there are various kinds within each type.(每种类型中都有不同的种类)”中“each type”可推知，上文中会提到“社团的不同类型”，A项“Clubs are generally divided into two types — sports clubs and culture clubs.(俱乐部一般分为两类——体育社团和文化社团)”中“sports clubs and culture clubs”即下文中的“each type”，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。 18．上文“In senior high schools, participation rate in sports clubs dropped to about 50%, and in culture clubs, rose to around 25%. One reason is that there are more kinds of culture clubs in senior high schools than in junior high schools, so there is a wider range of choices.(在高中，体育社团的参与率下降到50%左右，文化社团的参与率上升到25%左右。一个原因是高中的文化社团比初中的多，所以选择的范围更广)”提出高中阶段文化社团的参与率上升，而体育社团的参与率下降，并给出一个原因：高中的文化社团比初中的多，选择的范围更广。E项“It is also pointed out that culture clubs offer a more casual environment than sports clubs that require long and hard practice.(还有人指出，与需要长期刻苦练习的体育社团相比，文化社团提供了更轻松的环境)”承接上文，句中“also”表明与上文是并列关系，提出另一个原因：与体育社团相比，文化社团提供了更轻松的环境。上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 19．下文“Japanese clubs are considered “a part of education” and are different from club activities overseas. Learning teamwork is a common factor; in particular, sports clubs have a strict hierarchy (等级制度) and are useful in leaning to be polite. This is said to have influenced the way Japanese companies work, for example, with respect for seniors.(日本的社团被认为是“教育的一部分”，与海外的社团活动不同。学习团队合作是一个共同的因素；特别是，体育社团有严格的等级制度，在学习礼貌方面很有用。据说这影响了日本公司的工作方式，例如对老年人的尊重)”介绍了参加社团的好处，是对F项“Actually, there are many advantages of participating in club activities in Japan.(事实上，在日本参加社团活动有很多好处)”的举例说明，F项是段首主题句。故选F项。 20．上文“Compared to sports clubs, the hierarchy in culture clubs is not as strict.(与体育社团相比，文化社团的等级制度不那么严格)”指出文化社团等级制度不像体育社团那么严格，C项“They are places where like-minded students can improve their creativity together.(他们是志同道合的学生可以一起提高创造力的地方)”承接上文，介绍文化社团的真实情况：是志同道合的学生可以一起提高创造力的地方，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 06 【来源】上海市上海市嘉定区2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题 Group Intelligence Being smart doesn’t matter much if you’re working in a group, according to the first study to calculate collective intelligence — a group’s ability to succeed at a variety of tasks. Surprisingly, in a team an individual’s intelligence does not have much to do with success in thought-based tasks such as visual puzzles and negotiating over limited resources, a set of recent experiments found. 21 That also explains why groups with more women — who score higher on tests of social sensitivity — were more likely to stand out, said study leader Anita Williams Woolley, an expert in collective intelligence at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Particularly intelligent groups also had more people who took turns speaking, according to the study, published in the journal Science. To test the conclusion, Woolley and colleagues recruited 699 volunteers and first measured each person’s intelligence and social sensitivity using standard psychological tests. 22 The results revealed that certain groups were better at all types of tasks, which is the “primary evidence for collective intelligence,” Woolley said. 23 As guessed, the groups’ collective intelligence scores from the first round of tests predicted how they’d do on the following complex experiments, Woolley said. 24 — especially as more decisions in fields such as business and the military are made in discussion-based settings, she said. For instance, knowing a group’s collective intelligence could be vital in a situation like starting a new business. A．There’s such a focus on individual intelligence and individual accomplishment. B．This ability to predict group success may offer guidance in real-life situations. C．Instead, a group is more successful if it contains people who can read emotions from people’s faces. D．Group intelligence may also be rooted in the past. E．The volunteers were then split into groups of two to five and asked to do some simple tasks. F．Next, the groups were each asked to perform more complex tasks. 【答案】21．C 22．E 23．F 24．B 【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是集体智慧以及与集体智慧相关的研究。 21．根据上文“Surprisingly, in a team an individual’s intelligence does not have much to do with success in thought-based tasks such as visual puzzles and negotiating over limited resources, a set of recent experiments found.(令人惊讶的是，最近的一系列实验发现，在一个团队中，个人的智力与视觉拼图和有限资源谈判等基于思维的任务的成功并没有太大关系)”可知，上文提到了实验发现个人智力与任务的成功并没有太大关系，本句为本段最后一句，故是在说明和成功有关系的因素。故C选项“相反，如果一个团队中有人能读懂别人脸上的情绪，那么这个团队就会更成功”符合语境，故选C。 22．根据上文“To test the conclusion, Woolley and colleagues recruited 699 volunteers and first measured each person’s intelligence and social sensitivity using standard psychological tests.(为了验证这一结论，伍利和同事招募了699名志愿者，首先用标准的心理测试测量了每个人的智力和社会敏感度)”可知，上文提到了招募志愿者，可知本句说明志愿者接下来要做什么。故E选项“然后志愿者们被分成两到五人一组，并被要求做一些简单的任务”符合语境，故选E。 23．根据后文“As guessed, the groups’ collective intelligence scores from the first round of tests predicted how they’d do on the following complex experiments, Woolley said.(伍利说，正如猜测的那样，这些小组在第一轮测试中的集体智力得分预测了他们在接下来的复杂实验中的表现)”可知，上文提到了更复杂的任务，F选项中more complex tasks对应后文complex tasks。故F选项“接下来，每个小组都被要求执行更复杂的任务”符合语境，故选F。 24．根据后文“especially as more decisions in fields such as business and the military are made in discussion-based settings(尤其是在商业和军事等领域，越来越多的决策是在讨论的基础上做出的)”可知，后文提到了在商业和军事等领域这种能力的重要性，破折号是解释说明的作用，上文需要提到具体是哪种能力。故B选项“这种预测群体成功的能力可以在现实生活中提供指导”符合语境，故选B。 07 【来源】上海市长宁区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 Be a Lifelong Learner We live in a world that prizes education. But most people think of education only in terms of formal classes. When people graduate from high school or college, they usually think their education is complete. But it is possible to continue learning after finishing school. 25 On a personal level, learning can be fun. It can deepen your conversations by giving you something interesting to talk about. And it’s good for your brain. Hobbies that require thought can help you keep your mental abilities as you age. Just as exercise makes your muscles stronger, your mind becomes sharper when you use it. Being a lifelong learner can also help your career. Becoming an expert in an area outside of your present job gives you freedom. It allows you to take a job in another field if you want to. Also, knowledge in other areas can help you develop creative ideas in your current job. 26 It starts with making a conscious decision to do so. You need to be determined to keep making the effort to learn when it isn’t easy. It may help to find friends who will encourage your learning. It might also help to set aside specific times to study. Try finding time to learn throughout your day. Carry a book with you, and read when you have to wait. Audiobooks and podcasts are also helpful resources. You can listen to them while traveling or doing chores. 27 If you want to learn how to fix appliances, try fixing some at home. If you’re learning a foreign language, find someone who speaks that language to talk to. If you’re learning facts about economics or science, explain what you’re learning to someone else. 28 A．What does a lifelong learner look like? B．So how do you become a lifelong learner? C．Then you can help that person be a lifelong learner, too! D．Finding ways to use what you learn can help you remember things. E．Never stop discovering new things about the world around you. F．And making the effort pays off personally and professionally. 【答案】25．F 26．B 27．D 28．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍当人们从学校毕业后，很多人认为他们的教育已经完成了。但是在毕业后继续学习也是很重要的，就像经常锻炼身体一样，头脑也需要经常学习来变得更敏锐。做一个终生学习者也可以帮助你的事业，在其他领域的知识可以帮助你在目前的工作中培养出创造性的想法。 25．根据上句“But it is possible to continue learning after finishing school. (但在完成学业后继续学习是可能的。)”可知，设空处应为付出努力，继续学习的好处，F项：And making the effort pays off personally and professionally. (付出努力会给个人和职业带来回报)合乎题意。故选F。 26．根据后句“It starts with making a conscious decision to do so. You need to be determined to keep making the effort to learn when it isn’t easy. (首先要做一个有意识的决定。你需要下定决心，在不容易的时候继续努力学习。)”为成为终身学习者的具体做法，可知，设空处提出如何成为终身学习者的问题，B项：So how do you become a lifelong learner? (那么，怎样才能成为一个终身学习者呢?)合乎题意。故选B。 27．根据后句“If you want to learn how to fix appliances, try fixing some at home. If you’re learning a foreign language, find someone who speaks that language to talk to. (如果你想学习如何修理电器，试着在家里修理一些。如果你正在学习一门外语，找一个说这门语言的人交谈。)”具体举例子介绍如何终身学习，可知，设空处应为找到运用所学知识的方法可以有所帮助，D项：Finding ways to use what you learn can help you remember things. (找到运用所学知识的方法可以帮助你记住东西。)合乎题意。故选D。 28．根据上句“If you’re learning facts about economics or science, explain what you’re learning to someone else.(如果你正在学习经济学或科学知识，向别人解释你正在学习的内容)”可知，设空处应为这样做的好处，C项：Then you can help that person be a lifelong learner, too! (然后你也可以帮助那个人成为一个终身学习者!)合乎题意。故选C。 08 【来源】上海市虹口区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷 Keeping a bit of the outdoors inside is nothing new, but houseplant collections have become a popular social media trend — which means that more people than ever are discovering the comfort and beauty that caring for plants brings. 29 Exposure to greenery, whether you have indoor plants, take walks outside or tend to a garden, has been found to have multiple mental-health benefits, such as lowering stress, decreasing feelings of depression, increasing sociability, restoring focus, improving cognitive performance, improving mood and increasing self-esteem. “One study showed that patients at a hospital who had plants in their room reported less pain, lower blood pressure, less fatigue and less anxiety than patients without plants in their rooms,” says Jenny Seham, a New York-based psychologist. She explains: “Cortisol, the stress hormone, has been shown to lower with plant interaction, reducing fatigue, irritability (易怒) and blood pressure.” Research has also shown that having plants and gardening increase productivity and levels of serotonin, the neurotransmitter responsible for lifting our mood. 30 And it is also opposed to dwelling on the past or worrying about the future. Before you fill your space with greenery, consider how you’ll interact with your plants. 31 Can you care for them daily? If you have a small space or aren’t sure how much time you’re willing to invest in “plant parenting.” Start slow. “ 32 It can engage you by its smell or colour, creating a positive mood response with every interaction,” says Seham. A．For instance, is there enough space for plants in areas where you spend a lot of time? B．Half the fun of gardening is that you never know exactly what’s going to come up. C．It’s a feel-good hobby that’s supported by science. D．While indoor gardening can boost your feelings of wellbeing, help reduce stress and promote relaxation, it’s not, of course, a substitute for a trained mental health professional. E．The theory is that plant care helps us focus on the present moment and provides a feeling of accomplishment. F．Just one plant can make a difference. 【答案】29．C 30．E 31．A 32．F 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了室内植物对人们心理健康的益处。 29．由上文第一段“Keeping a bit of the outdoors inside is nothing new, but houseplant collections have become a popular social media trend — which means that more people than ever are discovering the comfort and beauty that caring for plants brings (在户外活动并不是什么新鲜事，但室内植物收藏已经成为一种流行的社交媒体趋势——这意味着比以往任何时候都更多的人发现了照顾植物带来的舒适和美丽)”和下文“Exposure to greenery, whether you have indoor plants, take walks outside or tend to a garden, has been found to have multiple mental-health benefits, such as lowering stress, decreasing feelings of depression, increasing sociability, restoring focus, improving cognitive performance, improving mood and increasing self-esteem. (人们发现，无论你是在室内种植植物、外出散步还是打理花园，接触绿色植物都有多种心理健康益处，如降低压力、减少抑郁感、增加社交能力、恢复注意力、改善认知表现、改善情绪和增强自尊)”可知，上文讲照顾植物可以使人们体验到更大的舒适和美，下文讲室内植物对人们的心理健康有多种好处，据常识，这些心理健康好处不是凭空得出的，依旧好处的性质来看，它们应该是经过科学研究得出的结果，C选项“这是一种有科学依据的、让人感觉良好的爱好。”中的“a feel-good hobby”呼应上文“houseplant collections have become a popular social media trend”“discovering the comfort and beauty that caring for plants brings”，选项中“is supported by science”引出下文讲科学认证室内植物带来的各种心理健康好处。故选C项。 30．由上文“Research has also shown that having plants and gardening increase productivity and levels of serotonin, the neurotransmitter responsible for lifting our mood. (研究还表明，种植植物和园艺可以提高生产力和血清素水平，血清素是一种负责提升我们情绪的神经递质)”和下文“And it is also opposed to dwelling on the past or worrying about the future. (它也反对沉浮于过去或担忧未来)”可知，上文讲研究结果表明种植植物和园艺的好处（可以提高生产力和血清素水平），下文讲照顾植物的另一个好处（反对沉浮于过去或担忧未来），E选项“理论上，照顾植物有助于我们专注于当下，并提供一种成就感。”承接上文进一步讲研究表明照顾植物的另外的好处，选项中“plant care helps us focus on the present moment”也引出下文讲“照顾植物帮助人反对沉浮于过去或担忧未来”。故选E项。 31．由上文“Before you fill your space with greenery, consider how you’ll interact with your plants. (在你的空间充满绿色植物之前，考虑一下你将如何与植物互动)”可知，作者建议种植室内植物时需要考虑的几个问题，其后应该举实例说明有哪些问题，A选项“例如，在你花很多时间的地方是否有足够的空间种植植物？”和下文“Can you care for them daily? (你能每天照顾它们吗？)”都是关于养室内植物前需要考虑的一些具体问题。故选A项。 32．结合上文讲“室内植物带来的各种心理健康好处”，下文Seham的话“It can engage you by its smell or colour, creating a positive mood response with every interaction (它可以通过气味或颜色吸引你，在每次互动中都会产生积极的情绪反应)”可知，该空应起总结性作用，再次肯定室内植物的作用，F选项“只要一株植物就能起作用。”切合语境，引出下文用Seham的话佐证其好处。故选F项。 09 【来源】上海市奉贤区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末调研考试英语试卷 The world’s population reached five billion on the day I was born. That was in Indonesia back in 1987, and my parents was shocked that there were so many people on the planet. 33 In October 2011, the seven billionth baby was born, and experts predict that there will be ten billion of us before the end of this century. 34 If you said “hello to a different person every second, it would take you 222 years to greet everyone on the planet. If seven billion people made a human chain with their hands, the chain would go to the moon and back nine times. The human population has never been bigger, but in some ways the planet seems to begetting unbelievably smaller. In the past, travellers from Europe to Indonesia spent months at sea. Now you just have to sit on a plane for a few hours. When you arrived in another country a hundred years ago, you saw unfamiliar styles of clothing and buildings and discovered a completely different culture. In many places today, clothing and new buildings are very similar, and people enjoy the same things. 35 Even the languages that we use are becoming more global. There are around seven thousand languages in use today. 36 I grew up in a small village where everyone spoke Baras, one of Indonesia’s local languages. Today, like most of the youth from my village, I live in the capital, Jakarta, and speak Indonesian there. The only regular Baras speakers at present are the older people who have stayed in the country, so the language is threatened with extinction. A．But the number is decreasing fast. B．Although we are on different continents, we are starting to live the same lives. C．The planet might be a lot more peaceful if that were the case. D．However, since then the population has continued to increase at an alarming rate. E．A number as big as seven billion is hard to imagine. F．With only one language left, there will be no culture difference in the world. 【答案】33．D 34．E 35．B 36．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人口增长的影响。 33．由上文“The world’s population reached five billion on the day I was born. That was in Indonesia back in 1987, and my parents was shocked that there were so many people on the planet. (在我出生的那天，世界人口达到了50亿。那是1987年的印度尼西亚，我的父母对地球上有这么多人感到震惊。)”可知，本空要说跟“人口数量”有关的话题，由下文“In October 2011, the seven billionth baby was born, and experts predict that there will be ten billion of us before the end of this century. (2011年10月，世界上第70亿个婴儿出生，专家预测，到本世纪末，世界人口将达到100亿。)”可知，本空要说跟“人口数量增长快”有关的话题，故D选项“However, since then the population has continued to increase at an alarming rate. (然而，自那时以来，人口继续以惊人的速度增长。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选D。 34．由上文“In October 2011, the seven billionth baby was born, and experts predict that there will be ten billion of us before the end of this century. (2011年10月，世界上第70亿个婴儿出生，专家预测，到本世纪末，世界人口将达到100亿。)”可知，本空要说跟“如此多人的影响”有关的话题，由后文“If you said “hello to a different person every second, it would take you 222 years to greet everyone on the planet.   If seven billion people made a human chain with their hands, the chain would go to the moon and back nine times. (如果你每秒钟和不同的人打招呼，那么你需要222年才能和地球上的每个人打招呼。如果70亿人用他们的手做成一条人链，这条人链可以往返月球九次。)”可知，本句要表达“70亿人”有关的话题，故E选项“A number as big as seven billion is hard to imagine. (70亿这样大的数字很难想象。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 35．由上文“In many places today, clothing and new buildings are very similar, and people enjoy the same things. (在今天的许多地方，服装和新建筑非常相似，人们享受同样的东西。)”可知，本空要说跟“相似”有关的话题，故B选项“Although we are on different continents, we are starting to live the same lives. (尽管我们生活在不同的大陆，但我们开始过着相同的生活。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 36．由上文“There are around seven thousand languages in use today. (今天大约有7000种语言在使用。)”可知，本空要说跟“多种语言”有关的话题，故A选项“But the number is decreasing fast. (但这个数字正在迅速减少。)”能承接上文，符合题意。A项中的the number指代空前的“seven thousand languages”。故选A。 10 【来源】上海市闵行区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末质量调研英语试卷 Taking responsibility for yourself and your actions is an important part of personal growth. It’s never too late to start practicing the positive habit of accepting responsibility for yourself. 37 Improve your confidence. 38 If you can’t think of any, ask loved ones to help. You can also write down your goals, create a plan for achieving them and learn to accept positive feedback. Remove the excuses. To break the harmful habit of excuse-making, ensure you’re honestly acknowledging what really happened. Next time you’re faced with the negative result of a situation, ensure you say something like “Sorry, I messed it up. How can I make up for it?” 39 Take positive actions. If you want your family and friends to show more interest in your life, get interested in theirs. If you want a more satisfying job, figure out what you need to do to achieve it. Your actions will affect what you get out of life, so ensure you’re acting in a way you get what you want. 40 If you often see yourself as a powerless man, this might be because you are experiencing hardships in your own life. And this feeling will be strengthened by the way you communicate with yourself and others. So look out for passive, self-destroying thoughts like “Why is this happening to me?” and learn to take responsibility. A．How can I be more powerful? B．Change your thought patterns. C．Realize who you are as a person. D．No matter how old you are, you can easily begin today. E．Don’t worry-—your honesty will earn you respect from others. F．Spend some time reflecting on your strengths and how to use them. 【答案】37．D 38．F 39．E 40．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何为自己和自己的行为负责。 37．根据上文“It’s never too late to start practicing the positive habit of accepting responsibility for yourself.”（培养对自己负责的积极习惯永远不会太晚）可知，选项承接上文，对上文进行进一步的解释。故D选项“论你多大，你都可以从今天开始”切题。故选D项。 38．根据小标题“Improve your confidence.”（提高自信）以及根据下文“If you can’t think of any, ask loved ones to help.”（如果想不出任何长处，可以向你爱的人求助）可知，提高自信的方法是花点时间反思一下自己的长处以及如何运用它们。故F选项“花点时间反思一下自己的长处以及如何运用它们”切题。故选F项。 39．根据上文“Next time you’re faced with the negative result of a situation, ensure you say something like “Sorry, I messed it up. How can I make up for it?””（下次当你面对一种情况的负面结果时，一定要说“对不起，我搞砸了。我该怎么弥补？”）可知，选项承接上文，说明诚实带来的结果。故E选项“别担心——你的诚实会为你赢得别人的尊重”。故选E项。 40．根据下文“If you often see yourself as a powerless man, this might be because you are experiencing hardships in your own life. And this feeling will be strengthened by the way you communicate with yourself and others. So look out for passive, self-destroying thoughts like “Why is this happening to me?” and learn to take responsibility.”（如果你经常认为自己是一个无能为力的人，这可能是因为你在自己的生活中经历了困难。这种感觉会通过你与自己和他人交流的方式得到加强。所以要注意消极的、自我毁灭的想法，比如“为什么这发生在我身上?”并学会承担责任。）可知，本段主要讲要改变思维模式。故B选项“改变思维模式”切题，为本段的小标题。故选项B项。 11 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 Does solving a math problem give you a headache? Do you feel nervous when you sit a math exam? 41 . Scientists came to this conclusion with an in-depth experiment, which was published in the Public Library of Science One journal. They began by finding out how much participants fear math, Those involved were asked a series of questions such as how they feel when they receive a math textbook or when they walk into a math lesson. Based en their answers, participants were divided into groups. One group was made up of people who were particularly afraid of math and participants in the other group were more comfortable with the subject. Both groups were then given either math tasks or word tasks. When a math task was going to come next, a yellow circle would appear but when a word task was soon to come, a blue square would be shown. 42 . It was like the pain they would feel, for example, if they burnt their hand on a hot stove. But they reacted less strongly when they knew that they would be faced with a word task. However, scientists saw no strong brain response from people in the second group. Math can be difficult, and for those with high levels of mathematics-anxiety (HMA), math is associated with tension, apprehension and fear. “When you are really thinking about the math problems, your mind is racing and you are worrying about all the things that could go wrong,” explained Ian Lyons from University of Chicago, US, leader of the study. “ 43 .” More interestingly the brain activity disappeared when participants actually started dealing with the math tasks “ 44 .” Lyons said. Based on the study, scientists suggested that things could be done to help students worry less and move past their fear of math, which might mean they perform better in tests. A．This means that it’s not that math itself hurts; rather, the anticipation of math is painful B．Researchers have developed a mind-reading device that can retrieve images from the person’s memory with the help of brain scans. C．For most students, math can be tough but scientists have proved that math problems can actually trigger physical pain. D．Using a brain-scan machine, scientists noticed that whenever people from Group One saw a yellow circle, their brain would respond in a way similar to when their body is feeling pain. E．The higher a person’s anxiety of a maths task, the more he activated brain regions associated with threat detection, and the experience of pain. F．Most students, especially girls, are extremely scared of math. 【答案】41．C 42．D 43．E 44．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了数学问题可以引发身体疼痛的一些研究。 41．根据前文“Does solving a math problem give you a headache? Do you feel nervous when you sit a math exam？(解数学题会让你头疼吗？当你参加数学考试时，你会感到紧张吗)”，与C项“For most students, math can be tough but scientists have proved that math problems can actually trigger physical pain(对大多数学生来说，数学可能很难，但科学家已经证明，数学问题实际上会引引发身体疼痛)”上下文一致，对于参加数学考试的学生来说，数学考试会让学生觉得紧张，科学家也发现数学问题实际上会引引发身体疼痛。故选C。 42．根据前文“When a math task was going to come next, a yellow circle would appear but when a word task was soon to come, a blue square would be shown. (当一个数学任务即将到来的时候，一个黄色的圆圈会出现，但是当一个单词任务即将到来的时候，一个蓝色的方块会出现)”与D项“Using a brain-scan machine, scientists noticed that whenever people from Group One saw a yellow circle, their brain would respond in a way similar to when their body is feeling pain. (使用脑部扫描机，科学家们注意到，每当第一组的人看到一个黄色的圆圈时，他们的大脑就会以类似于身体感到疼痛时的方式做出反应。)”上下文一致，科学家通过使用脑部扫描设备，发现每当第一组的人看到一个黄色圆圈时，他们的大脑会做出类似于身体感到疼痛时的反应，故选D。 43．根据前文“When you are really thinking about the math problems, your mind is racing and you are worrying about all the things that could go wrong,” explained Ian Lyons from University of Chicago, US, leader of the study. (当你真的在思考数学题时，你的大脑在飞速运转，你在担心所有可能出错的事情，来自美国芝加哥大学的伊恩。Ian Lyons解释道，他是这项研究的负责人)”与E项“The higher a person’s anxiety of a maths task, the more he activated brain regions associated with threat detection, and the experience of pain. (一个人对数学任务的焦虑程度越高，他就越能激活与威胁检测相关的大脑区域，以及疼痛的体验。)”上下文一致，当你真的在思考数学题时，你的大脑在飞速运转，一个人对数学任务的焦虑程度越高，他就越能激活与威胁检测相关的大脑区域，以及疼痛的体验。故选E。 44．根据前文“More interestingly the brain activity disappeared when participants actually started dealing with the math task. (更有趣的是，当参与者真正开始处理数学任务时，他们的大脑活动消失了)”与A项“This means that it’s not that math itself hurts; rather, the anticipation of math is painful(这意味着，并不是数学本身让人痛苦，而是对数学的期待让人痛苦)”上下文一致，当参与者真正开始处理数学任务时，他们的大脑活动消失了，也就是说并不是数学本身让人痛苦，而是对数学的期待让人痛苦，故选A。 12 【来源】上海市进才中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 What’s the relation between snore (打鼾) and obesity? Many people like to snore while they are sleeping, not only men, but also women, and they are getting younger. So why do people snore when they sleep? When people breathe, gas enters the body and passes through the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx, all the way to the trachea and lungs. Snoring is the sound of a gas passing through a narrow passage, resulting in strong airflow changes and vibrations. 45 Snoring is not terrible, terrible is to play a few times after the sudden silence, not breathing the most terrible. If the air doesn’t get into the lungs, there’s a condition called sleep apnea, or sleep apnea. If the gas stays in your mouth or nose for more than 10 seconds, you’re basically suffering from sleep apnea. However, don’t worry too much. So, how can you prevent snoring? There are many popular remedies for snoring, such as drinking pepper water and using mouthwash before going to bed. 46 A large number of cases show that obesity is an important factor in the snoring phenomenon, and weight gain is an important cause of snoring and even breath-holding. When a lot of young people are not fat, they do not snore. But after weight gain, this phenomenon might occur. 47 What’s more, people should give up bad habits in their daily life. For example, heavy drinking can make snoring worse. 48 Many cases show that patients do have a lot of benefits after cleaning the nasal cavity (鼻腔): many patients with mild allergic rhinitis or sinusitis through rinsing the nasal cavity, the condition has been significantly improved. A．So you should exercise more and control your weight. B．Well, that is not actually the case. C．However, these methods have little effect. D．In addition, also pay attention to nasal cleaning. E．In fact, if any place in this passage is narrow, there will be snoring. F．Sleeping on your back can also make you snore. 【答案】45．E 46．C 47．A 48．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了打鼾的原理以及如何预防打鼾的方法。 45．上文“Snoring is the sound of a gas passing through a narrow passage, resulting in strong airflow changes and vibrations.”（打呼噜的响声是气体经过一个比较狭窄的通道，从而产生强烈气流变化，振动所导致的声音。）介绍打鼾的原理。结合选项E项In fact, if any place in this passage is narrow, there will be snoring.（事实上，如果这条通道的任何一个地方很窄，就会有打呼噜的声音。）为同样介绍打鼾的原理，和上文内容相关，为上文内容的补充，E项中的this passage呼应上文的a narrow passage。故选E项。 46．上文“There are many popular remedies for snoring, such as drinking pepper water and using mouthwash before going to bed.”（有很多流行的治疗打鼾的方法，比如睡前喝胡椒水和使用漱口水。）提到治疗打鼾的方法。下文“A large number of cases show that obesity is an important factor in the snoring phenomenon, and weight gain is an important cause of snoring and even breath-holding.”（大量案例表明，肥胖是导致打鼾现象的重要因素，体重增加是导致打鼾甚至憋气的重要原因。）说明肥胖是导致打鼾现象的重要因素。C项However, these methods have little effect.（然而，这些方法收效甚微。）可知，是对上文内容的递进，此句these methods指的就是上文提到的那些方法，引出下文对打鼾的原因的进一步解释。故选C项。 47．根据上文“But after weight gain, this phenomenon might occur.”（但体重增加后，这种现象可能会发生。）讲的是体重增加后就会出现打鼾。故可推断空格处会讲关于控制体重的内容。结合选项A项So you should exercise more and control your weight.（所以你应该多锻炼，控制体重。）符合此推断，和上文形成因果关系，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。 48．根据下文“Many cases show that patients do have a lot of benefits after cleaning the nasal cavity : many patients with mild allergic rhinitis or sinusitis through rinsing the nasal cavity, the condition has been significantly improved.”（很多案例表明，患者在清洗鼻腔后确实有很多好处:很多轻度过敏性鼻炎或鼻窦炎患者通过冲洗鼻腔，病情有了明显改善。）可知，通过案例表明清洗鼻腔的重要性。故可推断空格处内容也与此相关。结合选项D项In addition, also pay attention to nasal cleaning.（此外，还要注意鼻腔清洁。）和下文内容一致，下文是对空格处内容的解释说明。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $