精品解析：天津市南开中学2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题

南开中学2024-2025学年度第一学期阶段性质量监测 (一) 高二英语试卷 一、听力理解 (15题, 15分) 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does Alice do now? A. A journalist. B. An actress. C. A photographer. 2. What does the woman want to do? A. Close the windows. B. Pay the electricity bill. C. Turn on the air conditioner. 3. When will the woman's dance class start today? A. At 4:15. B. At 4:45. C. At 5:15. 4. How does the man feel now? A. Worried. B. Excited. C. Surprised. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. A program. B. An explorer. C. A country. 第二节 听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟； 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8小题。 6. What is the date probably today? A. The 17th. B. The 18th. C. The 19th. 7. What kind of car does the man choose? A. A sports car. B. An economy car. C. A mid-sized car. 8. What does the man refuse to do? A. Buy the insurance. B. Pay the fine. C. Fill the gas tank. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11小题。 9. What does the woman say about sheep farming in Australia? A. It takes place extensively. B. It's decreasing in hot areas. C. It's more popular than cattle farming. 10. What worries the woman most now? A. The wool industry. B. The water shortage. C. The market for meat. 11. What does the woman consider using to generate electricity? A. Solar power. B. Water power. C. Wind power. 听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15 小题。 12. What was the original purpose of zoos? A. To protect animals. B. To do some research. C. To educate and amuse people. 13. When did ZSL London Zoo first open to the public? A. In 1847. B. In 1849. C. In 1853. 14. Which one was opened last in ZSL London Zoo? A. Aquarium. B. Insect House. C. Reptile House. 15. What is Centerville Zoo working on now? A. Improving the buildings. B. Introducing new species. C. Saving endangered animals. 二、单项选择(15题, 15分) 1. — Mike will announce his retirement from professional soccer next week. —________! He’s only 25 and still very fit. A. I don’t mind at all B. I couldn’t agree more C. You will make it D. You can’t be serious 2. The manager promised to deal with the complaint he reached the office. A. until B. ever since C. the moment D. at the moment 3. When it comes to staring a business, really matters is a sound business plan, access to capital, and good management skills. A. that B. which C. what D. why 4. At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he ______ the first black president of the United States of America. A. would become B. becomes C. will become D. became 5. The witness was careful not to ________ any details when telling the police everything he had seen. A. put out B. give out C. leave out D. look out 6. The customer praised the manager, who, ______ praised his staff. A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion 7. When deeply ________ in work, ________ was often the case, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. absorbing; that B. absorbing; which C. absorbed; it D. absorbed; as 8. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore may be made to fill every gap with conversation. A. concepts B. criticism C. remarks D. attempts 9. While listening, remember that it is not to listen only with your ears; you must listen with your brain as well. A. permanent B. sufficient C. essential D. complicated 10. I bought two pens last week, ________ writes easily. A. both of which B. neither of which C. both of them D. neither of them 11. We regret _______ that all flights to Florida will be put off due to the coming storms. A. announcing B. to have announced C. to announce D. to be announced 12. — Caroline, you are asked to give a presentation on our new electronic product at tomorrow’s conference. —________. I am not good at public speeches, you know. A. Don’t put me on the spot B. Don’t drag your feet C. Don’t be such a wet blanket D. Don’t beat around the bush 13. —Angela just doesn’t like me. She won’t even say hello. —________. Actually, she’s very shy. A. I have no idea B. Don’t jump to conclusions C. Don’t mention it D. There is no doubt about it 14. He suggested we set off for the station immediately. _________ , we will miss the train. A. Therefore B. Meanwhile C. However D. Otherwise 15. He found his daughter ________ by letters and books and ________ very worried. A. surrounding, looking B. surrounded, looking C. being surrounding, looked D. being surrounded, looking 三、完形填空(20题, 20分) On March 10, 2019, eight-year-old Tanitoluwa "Tani” Adewumi beat 73 young competitors to win the New York State Chess Championship in his age category—kindergarten to third grade. While the ___16___ is great, what is even more amazing is that the boy ___17___ learning the game less than a year ago. Tani and his family ___18___ in New York City from Nigeria in 2017. Soon after, Tani started to study at the ___19___ elementary school, P. S. 116, which is near his home. It was here that the young boy was first ___20___ to the chess. ___21___ by the game, the boy begged his mother, Oluwatoyin, to allow him to ___22___ the school's chess club. Considering that the family would be unable to afford the ___23___, Oluwatoyin emailed chess _____24_____Russel Makofsky, who ran the club. To her surprise and ___25___, Makofsky agreed to charge young Tani nothing.The young boy made up his mind to practice harder in return for his ___26___ He has won seven important prizes in less than a year, and ___27___ #27 in America in his age category. ___28___the chess club certainly helps, Tani's success can be largely owed to (归功于)his ___29___ to the game. The chess player ___30___ the game for several hours a day. Every Saturday, Tani and his mother ___31___ to Harlem for a free 3-hour class to help further sharpen his game skills. He is now busy ____32____ the National Elementary Championships, which will be held in Nashville, TN. Winning the ____33____ will bring the chess player closer to his dream of becoming the world's ___34___ chess grand master (大师). The record is now held by Russian chess player Sergey Alexandrovich Karjakin, who won the title in 2002 at the age of 12 years. We have no ___35___ that the determined boy will achieve his goal soon! 16. A. agreement B. achievement C. treatment D. argument 17. A. began B. enjoyed C. missed D. minded 18. A. stayed B. worked C. lay D. arrived 19. A. religious B. local C. strict D. distant 20. A. introduced B. compared C. invited D. directed 21. A. Confused B. Encouraged C. Attracted D. Beaten 22. A. found B. run C. join D. visit 23. A. bills B. trips C. meals D. fees 24. A. teacher B. customer C. learner D. farmer 25. A. sadness B. happiness C. puzzlement D. anger 26. A. rescue B. wish C. help D. service 27. A. loses B. sets C. has D. ranks 28. A. If B. Unless C. Though D. Because 29. A. devotion B. action C. reception D. return 30. A. appreciates B. practices C. watches D. creates 31. A. return B. lead C. point D. head 32. A. preparing for B. waiting for C. caring for D. searching for 33. A. friendship B. war C. praise D. competition 34. A. smallest B. strongest C. youngest D. tallest 35. A. doubt B. wonder C. problem D. sign 四、阅读理解 (15题, 30分) A “Never give up! Never give up!” sang my two young children, Max and Charley, as they marched barefoot behind their grandmother Mimi on another adventure, off the beach where they had spent the day building sand castles and beating the waves. This time, they were seeking the ice-cream truck. Over the years, Mimi had become our family’s source of positivity through her effort. My father’s death left her to raise me and my ten-year-old brother alone at forty. She faced tragedy that is powerful enough to cloud just about anyone’s outlook. Instead, she challenged herself to find joy every day. She was always up for a new challenge, whether parasailing (驾帆伞滑翔) over the Gulf of Mexico, or signing up for tap-dancing classes at fifty. Leading by example, Mom taught us how much one could accomplish with a positive attitude. She has taken the same approach in her relationship with her grandchildren. Prior to starting her adventure with Max and Charley that hot July afternoon, Mimi heard the familiar sound of the ice-cream man’s bell from her beach chair. The ice-cream man’s visit is a daily occurrence at the beach, but one must be quick to catch his truck. Max and Charley were disappointed when they didn’t catch him in time that day, until Mimi’s eyes sparkled and explained that they could rush to find it at its next stop. They walked block after block. My kids’ tiny legs were tired, but they went on. After about twenty minutes’ walking, Max spoke out loud, “Maybe we should give up.” Charley responded with a quick “No way! Never give up!” and resumed her singing with Mimi. Just two blocks later, they found it. Max and Charley screamed with excitement, “Never give up!” Simple though it was, that phrase has become our battle cry (口号) for the challenges we face. Upon hearing those words, they are instantly transported to a positive state of mind — where the next ice-cream truck is just around the corner. 36. Why were Max and Charley marching barefoot? A. To get some extra exercise on the beach. B. To meet their grandma’s special request. C. To run after the truck for an ice cream. D. To build sand castles and fight the waves. 37. How did Mimi demonstrate her positive attitude and resilience after her husband’s death? A. She led a private life and avoided social interactions. B. She focused on finding joy every day despite the tragedy. C. She immediately signed up for tap-dancing classes. D. She started a new career to distract herself from her loss. 38. How did Charley react to Max’s disappointment? A. She blamed him for being loud. B. She took the idea and followed suit. C. She turned to Mimi for some advice. D. She opposed him and went on seeking. 39. What does the underline word “resumed” mean in paragraph four? A. repeated B. continued C. stopped D. whispered 40. What lesson can we learn from the story? A. Self-trust is the first secret of success. B. Remain positive in times of difficulties. C. Seize a chance in life before it disappears. D. Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. B Naming hurricane New research from the University of Illinois finds that hurricanes with female names are likely to cause more deaths than those with male names. The study examined over 60 years of hurricanes which hit the US. The results showed there were higher death tolls, on average, when the hurricanes were given a female name. This wasn’t because female-named hurricanes were any more severe; rather that people’s behavior changed. Sharon Shavitt, one of the authors of the report, explained: “In judging the intensity of a storm, people appear to be applying their beliefs about how men and women behave. This makes a female-named hurricane, such as Belle or Candy, seem gentle and less violent.” People unconsciously say to themselves: how could I be killed by a hurricane called Candy? In fact, hurricanes are named arbitrarily, and the names tell you nothing about the severity of the storm. But, if people in the path of the storm are letting its name affect whether they take shelter, what we call it may matter more than we think. Having searched through the records, the researchers returned to the lab to test their finding experimentally. People were given a series of hypothetical storms with male and female names and asked to make judgments about their intensity and the risk they faced. The results showed that people often regarded male-named hurricanes, like Hurricane Christopher or Hurricane Victor as more intense and riskier than the female-named ones, like Hurricane Alexandra and Hurricane Christina. Shavitt continued, “People imagining a ‘female’ hurricane were not as willing to seek shelter. The fixed ideas that underlie (是……的基础) these judgments are subtle and not necessarily hostile toward women - they may involve viewing women as warmer and less aggressive than men.” The fact is that until the late 1970s, hurricanes were always given female names, as they were thought to represent women’s qualities like unpredictability. This practice - and the sexist reasoning behind it - was rightly abandoned in favour of choosing between male and female. Strangely, though, what we’ve learnt is that we’d be better off naming all hurricanes after men to take advantage of people’s fixed views. The researchers estimate that changing a severe hurricane’s name from “Eloise” to “Charles” could potentially cut the death toll by one-third. Perhaps the naming of hurricane is one specific situation where we shouldn’t worry about being sexist, if being a little sexist is going to save lives. 41. Hurricanes with female names are likely to cause more deaths because . A. male named hurricanes are not terrible B. female-named hurricanes are more severe C. people think the female-named hurricanes are not severe D. people prefer to challenge the male-named hurricanes 42. The underlined word “arbitrarily” in Paragraph 2 probably means . A. for humor B. on purpose C. by chance D. in turn 43. According to the passage, which name can possibly cut the death toll? A. Eloise. B. Candy. C. Christina. D. Charles. 44. Why did hurricane naming conventions change from only female names to both male and female names in the late 1970s? A. It was realized that hurricanes should not be gendered. B. People desired to honor both male and female historical figures. C. People recognized the previous naming convention was based on sexist reasoning. D. The number of hurricanes requiring more diverse names to avoid repetition increased. 45. It can be inferred from the passage that . A. future hurricanes will be named after men more often B. being sexist in naming hurricanes helps save lives C. sexism in naming hurricanes will be banned D. rules of naming hurricanes will be changed C For more than two decades, Elon Musk has focused SpaceX, his rocket company, on his lifelong goal of reaching Mars. Over the last year, he has also built up work on what will happen if he gets there. Mr. Musk, has directed SpaceX employees to drill into the design and details of a Martian city, according to five people with knowledge of the efforts and documents viewed by The New York Times. One team is drawing up plans for small dome habitats, including the materials that could be used to build them. Another is working on spacesuits to deal with Mars’s terrible environment, while a medical team is researching whether humans can have children there. These initiatives, which are at their early stage, are a shift toward more concrete planning for life on Mars as Mr. Musk’s timeline has hastened (加速). While he said in 2016 that it would take 40 to 100 years to have a self-sustaining civilization on the planet, Mr. Musk told SpaceX employees in April that he now expects one million people to be living there in about 20 years. Mr. Musk has long tried to defy (违抗) the impossible and has often managed to beat tough odds. But his vision for life on Mars takes his seemingly limitless ambitions to their most extreme — and some might say absurdist — point. No one has ever set foot on the planet. NASA doesn’t expect to land humans on Mars until the 2040s. And if people get there, they will be greeted by icy temperatures, dust storms, and air that is impossible to breathe. Yet Mr. Musk sticks to the idea of creating a civilization on Mars—he once said he plans to die there — that it has pushed nearly every business effort he has made on Earth. His vision for Mars underlies most of the six companies that he leads or owns, each of which could potentially contribute to a space colony, according to the documents and the people with knowledge of the efforts. The Boring Company, a private tunneling venture founded by Mr. Musk, was started in part to ready equipment to dig under Mars’s surface, two of the people said. Mr. Musk has told people that he bought X, the social media platform, partly to help test how a citizen-led government that rules by consensus (共识) might work on Mars. He has also said that he imagines residents on the planet driving a version of the steel-paneled Cybertrucks made by Tesla, his electric vehicle company. 46. What measures are being taken by SpaceX to realize their dream of Mars? A. Designing large spaceships and building hospitals. B. Planning for habitats and designing spacesuits. C. Developing technologies and training medical teams. D. Building space stations and inspiring employees to strive. 47. What is Elon Musk’s current timeline for establishing a self-sustaining civilization on Mars? A. 40 to 100 years from 2016. B. Within the next 20 years. C. By the 2050s. D. He has not specified a timeline. 48. How do some people find Mr. Musk’s vision for Mars? A. Practical and achievable. B. Unreasonable and time-consuming. C. Theoretical and promising. D. Over-ambitious and ridiculous. 49. Why did Mr. Musk purchase X social media platform? A. Because he intended to create a company on Mars. B. Because he was interested in promoting social network on Mars. C. Because he wanted to make profits by running it on Mars. D. Because he dreamt of a resident-managed government for Mars. 50. What is the passage mainly about? A. Elon Musk’s determination and initiatives to put people on Mars. B. Elon Musk’s efforts to overcome the challenges of exploring Mars. C. Elon Musk’s overall vision for the future development of Mars. D. Elon Musk’s companies on Mars and their contributions. 五、阅读表达 (5题, 5分) 阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy. From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them. Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me. At that moment, I decided to do something I had never done in twenty-four years of driving. I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed. No more angry shouts and no more horns! When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to the other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn’t get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared. 51. When will people feel happy as the author has discovered? ( No more than 7 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ 52. Why does the author feel sad sometimes in Paragraph 2? ( No more than 12 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ 53. What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights? ( No more than 10 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ 54. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 probably mean? ( No more than 5 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ 55. How does the author’s experience inspire you? Please explain. ( No more than 20 words). _______________________________________________________________________________ 六、书面表达(15分) 56. 假设你是晨光中学英语话剧社社长李津，正在筹备社团下个月开展的“微笑的力量”主题活动，你的美国朋友Chris写信询问此次主题活动的相关情况。请用英语给他写一封回信。 要点： (1) 介绍主题活动的意义和主要内容(如喜剧表演，脱口秀等)； (2) 表达你对活动主题“微笑的力量”的理解； (3) 邀请对方参与此次活动。 注意： (1) 词数不少于100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； (2) 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； (3) 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：微笑的力量 The Power of Laughter Dear Chris, How's everything going? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes! Yours， Li Jin 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 南开中学2024-2025学年度第一学期阶段性质量监测 (一) 高二英语试卷 一、听力理解 (15题, 15分) 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does Alice do now? A. A journalist. B. An actress. C. A photographer. 2. What does the woman want to do? A. Close the windows. B. Pay the electricity bill. C. Turn on the air conditioner. 3. When will the woman's dance class start today? A. At 4:15. B. At 4:45. C. At 5:15. 4. How does the man feel now? A. Worried. B. Excited. C. Surprised. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. A program. B. An explorer. C. A country. 第二节 听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟； 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8小题。 6. What is the date probably today? A. The 17th. B. The 18th. C. The 19th. 7. What kind of car does the man choose? A. A sports car. B. An economy car. C. A mid-sized car. 8. What does the man refuse to do? A. Buy the insurance. B. Pay the fine. C. Fill the gas tank. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11小题。 9. What does the woman say about sheep farming in Australia? A. It takes place extensively. B. It's decreasing in hot areas. C. It's more popular than cattle farming. 10. What worries the woman most now? A. The wool industry. B. The water shortage. C. The market for meat. 11. What does the woman consider using to generate electricity? A. Solar power. B. Water power. C. Wind power. 听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15 小题。 12. What was the original purpose of zoos? A. To protect animals. B. To do some research. C. To educate and amuse people. 13. When did ZSL London Zoo first open to the public? A. In 1847. B. In 1849. C. In 1853. 14. Which one was opened last in ZSL London Zoo? A. Aquarium. B. Insect House. C. Reptile House. 15. What is Centerville Zoo working on now? A. Improving the buildings. B. Introducing new species. C. Saving endangered animals. 二、单项选择(15题, 15分) 1. — Mike will announce his retirement from professional soccer next week. —________! He’s only 25 and still very fit. A. I don’t mind at all B. I couldn’t agree more C. You will make it D. You can’t be serious 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：—— 迈克将于下周宣布退役。—— 你不是认真的吧！他只有25岁，现在仍然很健康。A. I don’t mind at all我一点也不介意；B. I couldn’t agree more我完全同意； C. You will make it你会成功的； D. You can’t be serious你不是认真的吧。根据下文“He’s only 25 and still very fit.”可知对于迈克将于下周宣布退役这个消息不敢置信，故选D。 2. The manager promised to deal with the complaint he reached the office. A. until B. ever since C. the moment D. at the moment 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：经理答应一到办公室就处理投诉。A. until直到……为止；B. ever since自从；C. the moment一……就；D. at the moment此刻，目前。空后为完整的句子，应用连词（短语）连接，可排除D项，根据“promised to deal with the complaint”可知，the moment“一……就”符合题意，引导时间状语从句，表示“答应一到办公室就处理投诉”。故选C。 3. When it comes to staring a business, really matters is a sound business plan, access to capital, and good management skills. A. that B. which C. what D. why 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：说到创业，真正重要的是一份合理的商业计划、获得资金的渠道和良好的管理技能。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用what引导。故选C。 4. At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he ______ the first black president of the United States of America. A. would become B. becomes C. will become D. became 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：在大学里，巴拉克·奥巴马并不知道他会成为美国第一位黑人总统。根据上文At college可知，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态，应用过去将来时，为would do。故选A。 5. The witness was careful not to ________ any details when telling the police everything he had seen. A. put out B. give out C. leave out D. look out 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：目击者在向警方讲述他所看到的一切时，小心翼翼地不遗漏任何细节。A. put out扑灭；B. give out分发；C. leave out遗漏，省略；D. look out当心，向外看。根据“when telling the police everything he had seen”可知，此处指告诉警察一切，不遗漏任何细节。故选C项。 6. The customer praised the manager, who, ______ praised his staff. A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：顾客表扬了经理，经理转而表扬了他的员工。A. at random随机；B. by chance偶然地；C. in turn转而；D. on occasion偶尔。根据“The customer praised the manager”和“praised his staff”可知，此处是指经理转而表扬了他的员工。故选C。 7. When deeply ________ in work, ________ was often the case, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. absorbing; that B. absorbing; which C. absorbed; it D. absorbed; as 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：当他全神贯注地工作时，他常常会忘记吃饭和睡觉。一空处为when引导的时间状语从句，从句中主语为he，谓语为固定搭配：be absorbed in意为“全神贯注于”，当从句主语和主句主语相同，且谓语动词含有be的某种形式时，从句中主语和be可省略，所以一空处填absorbed，二空处引导非限制性定语从句，as is often the case情况常常如此，为固定表达，故选D项。 8. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore may be made to fill every gap with conversation. A. concepts B. criticism C. remarks D. attempts 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：沉默可能被一些文化群体视为极其不舒服；因此，人们可能会试图用谈话来填补每一个空白。A. concepts概念；B. criticism指责；C. remarks评论，谈论；D. attempts努力，尝试。根据“may be made to fill every gap with conversation”可知，attempts“努力，尝试”符合题意，动词短语make attempts to do意为“试图做某事”，该句中使用其被动结构，句中表示“试图用谈话来填补每一个空白”。故选D。 9. While listening, remember that it is not to listen only with your ears; you must listen with your brain as well. A. permanent B. sufficient C. essential D. complicated 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在听的时候，要记住，仅仅用耳朵听是不够的；你也必须用你的大脑去听。A. permanent永久的；B. sufficient足够的；C. essential必不可少的；D. complicated复杂的。根据“you must listen with your brain as well”可知，此处给出关于听的建议，sufficient“足够的”符合题意，表示“仅仅用耳朵听是不够的”。故选B。 10. I bought two pens last week, ________ writes easily. A. both of which B. neither of which C. both of them D. neither of them 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我上周买了两支钢笔，这两支都不好写。分析句子可知，本句为非限定性定语从句，先行词是two pens，指物，所以用关系代词which引导。再根据 writes easily可知，此处应用代词neither，表示“两者都不”。故选B。 11. We regret _______ that all flights to Florida will be put off due to the coming storms. A. announcing B. to have announced C. to announce D. to be announced 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查不定式。句意：我们很遗憾的通知所有前往弗洛里达的航班都因为暴风雨延迟了。regret后面可以接doing，意思是“后悔做过”；也可以接to do，意思是“遗憾的做”。根据句意，应该选择to do的形式。B选项错误，因为to have done表示动作发生在谓语之前，D选项错误，本题并不是被动语态，故选C项。 12. — Caroline, you are asked to give a presentation on our new electronic product at tomorrow’s conference. —________. I am not good at public speeches, you know. A. Don’t put me on the spot B. Don’t drag your feet C. Don’t be such a wet blanket D. Don’t beat around the bush 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查习语。句意：——卡罗琳，你被要求在明天的会议上介绍我们的新电子产品。——别让我为难。你知道，我不擅长公开发言。A. Don’t put me on the spot别让我为难；B. Don’t drag your feet不要拖沓；C. Don’t be such a wet blanket别这么让人扫兴；D. Don’t beat around the bush不要拐弯抹角。卡罗琳不擅长公开演讲，因此让她在明天的会议上介绍新电子产品是为难她，她请求对方不要为难她，故选A项。 13. —Angela just doesn’t like me. She won’t even say hello. —________. Actually, she’s very shy. A. I have no idea B. Don’t jump to conclusions C. Don’t mention it D. There is no doubt about it 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：—Angela不喜欢我罢了。她甚至不愿意跟我打招呼。——不要太早下结论。事实上，她只是害羞而已。A. I have no idea 我不知道；B. Don’t jump to conclusions不要太早下结论；C. Don’t mention it不用谢；D. There is no doubt about it这一点毫无疑问。根据下文“Actually, she’s very shy.”可推断，不要太早下结论说Angela不喜欢说话人，她实际上只是害羞。故选B。 14. He suggested we set off for the station immediately. _________ , we will miss the train. A. Therefore B. Meanwhile C. However D. Otherwise 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查副词辨析。句意：他建议我们立即动身去车站。否则，我们就赶不上火车了。A. Therefore因此，表因果关系；B. Meanwhile与此同时，在此期间；C. However 然而，表转折；D. Otherwise否则，不然，表示让步关系。根据语境可知，此处是指我们不听他的建议（立即动身），否则的话，就赶不上火车了。故选D。 15. He found his daughter ________ by letters and books and ________ very worried. A. surrounding, looking B. surrounded, looking C. being surrounding, looked D. being surrounded, looking 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他发现他的女儿被信件和书籍包围着，看起来很担心。第一空surround与his daughter是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作宾语补足语；第二空look与his daughter是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，作宾语补足语。故选B。 三、完形填空(20题, 20分) On March 10, 2019, eight-year-old Tanitoluwa "Tani” Adewumi beat 73 young competitors to win the New York State Chess Championship in his age category—kindergarten to third grade. While the ___16___ is great, what is even more amazing is that the boy ___17___ learning the game less than a year ago. Tani and his family ___18___ in New York City from Nigeria in 2017. Soon after, Tani started to study at the ___19___ elementary school, P. S. 116, which is near his home. It was here that the young boy was first ___20___ to the chess. ___21___ by the game, the boy begged his mother, Oluwatoyin, to allow him to ___22___ the school's chess club. Considering that the family would be unable to afford the ___23___, Oluwatoyin emailed chess _____24_____Russel Makofsky, who ran the club. To her surprise and ___25___, Makofsky agreed to charge young Tani nothing.The young boy made up his mind to practice harder in return for his ___26___ He has won seven important prizes in less than a year, and ___27___ #27 in America in his age category. ___28___the chess club certainly helps, Tani's success can be largely owed to (归功于)his ___29___ to the game. The chess player ___30___ the game for several hours a day. Every Saturday, Tani and his mother ___31___ to Harlem for a free 3-hour class to help further sharpen his game skills. He is now busy ____32____ the National Elementary Championships, which will be held in Nashville, TN. Winning the ____33____ will bring the chess player closer to his dream of becoming the world's ___34___ chess grand master (大师). The record is now held by Russian chess player Sergey Alexandrovich Karjakin, who won the title in 2002 at the age of 12 years. We have no ___35___ that the determined boy will achieve his goal soon! 16. A. agreement B. achievement C. treatment D. argument 17. A. began B. enjoyed C. missed D. minded 18. A. stayed B. worked C. lay D. arrived 19. A. religious B. local C. strict D. distant 20. A. introduced B. compared C. invited D. directed 21. A. Confused B. Encouraged C. Attracted D. Beaten 22. A. found B. run C. join D. visit 23. A. bills B. trips C. meals D. fees 24. A. teacher B. customer C. learner D. farmer 25. A. sadness B. happiness C. puzzlement D. anger 26. A. rescue B. wish C. help D. service 27. A. loses B. sets C. has D. ranks 28. A. If B. Unless C. Though D. Because 29. A. devotion B. action C. reception D. return 30. A. appreciates B. practices C. watches D. creates 31. A. return B. lead C. point D. head 32. A. preparing for B. waiting for C. caring for D. searching for 33. A. friendship B. war C. praise D. competition 34. A. smallest B. strongest C. youngest D. tallest 35. A. doubt B. wonder C. problem D. sign 【答案】16. B 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【分析】本文为记叙文。文章主要介绍了极具国际象棋天赋的8岁男孩Tanitoluwa “Tani” Adewumi的故事。 【16题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：虽然他的成就很突出，但更加令人惊奇的是这个男孩开始学习下棋才不到一年。A. agreement同意，协议；B. achievement成就；C. treatment治疗；D. argument争论。此处是指虽然他的成就（achievement）很突出，但更加令人惊奇的是这个男孩开始学习下棋才不到一年。故选B。 【17题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：虽然他的成就很突出，但更加令人惊奇的是这个男孩开始学习下棋才不到一年。A. began开始；B. enjoyed享受；C. missed错过；D. minded在意。根据下文的内容可知，这个男孩开始（began）下棋不到一年，故选A。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意： Tani和他的家人在2017年从尼日利亚到达纽约的。A. stayed待着；B. worked工作；C. lay位于；D. arrived到达。根据语境可知，故选D。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：Tani和他的家人在2017年从尼日利亚到达纽约的，不久之后在当地的一所小学上学。A. religious宗教的；B. local当地的；C. strict严格的；D. distant遥远的。根据语境可知，此处是指“很快，Tani开始在当地的（local）一所小学上学。”故选B。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：正是在这所学校，这个男孩第一次接触到了国际象棋。A. introduced介绍，使初次了解/接触；B. compared比较；C. invited邀请；D. directed指导。根据下文可知，正是在这所学校，这个男孩第一次接触（introduced）到了国际象棋。故选A 。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：由于被这项游戏所吸引，他恳求他的母亲让他加入学校的象棋俱乐部。A. Confused使......迷惑；B. Encouraged鼓励；C. Attracted吸引；D. Beaten击打。根据第一段提到Tani在象棋方面取得的成绩，以及下文“他加入学校的象棋俱乐部”可知，他被这项游戏所吸引（attract），才会有如此之成就。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：男孩恳求母亲让他加入象棋俱乐部。 A. found建立；B. run经营；C. join参加；D. visit参观。上文说非常喜欢象棋，因此男孩恳求母亲让他加入（join）象棋俱乐部，故选C。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：考虑到他的家庭付不起加入俱乐部的费用。A. bills账单；B. trips旅行；C. meals一餐；D. fees费用，(加入组织或做某事付的)费。根据“unable to afford”可知，此处是指付担不起费用“（fees）……”，故选D。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：此处是指他的母亲给俱乐部的老师Russel Makofsky发了一封邮件。A. teacher老师；B. customer顾客；C. learner学习者；D. farmer农民。根据下文“ who ran the club”以及“Makofsky agreed to charge young Tani nothing.”可知Russel Makofsky是俱乐部的老师（teacher）。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：令她感到吃惊并高兴的是，Makofsy同意减免了她儿子的所有费用。A. sadness悲伤；B. happiness快乐；C. puzzlement迷惑；D. anger生气。根据后面“Makofsky agreed to charge young Tani nothing.”可知， Makofsky同意减免了她儿子的所有费用。令她感到吃惊并高兴（happiness），故选B。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：是这个小男孩下决心更加努力训练来报答他的帮助。A. rescue拯救；B. wish希望；C. help帮助；D. service服务。根据前一句可知“俱乐部减免了男孩的费用”，可知，小男孩努力训练来报答他的帮助（help）。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：目前男孩在他所在的年龄组排名全美第27位。A. loses损失，丢失；B. sets布置；C. has有；D. ranks属于某个等级，排名......。根据语境“___12___ #27 in America in his age category.”可知，在年龄组排名（ranks）全美第27位。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查连词辨析。句意：尽管（though）有象棋俱乐部的帮助。A. If如果；B. Unless除非；C. Though尽管；D. Because因为。分析前后两句，可知，此处是转折关系。指的是“尽管（though）有象棋俱乐部的帮助，但是Tani的成功很大程度上是归功于他对这项比赛的挚爱”，故选C。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：Tani的成功很大程度上归功于他对比赛的爱。A. devotion投入，奉献，挚爱；B. action行动；C. reception接待；D. return返回。根据上文第6小题后的内容可知，男孩恳求妈妈让他参加象棋俱乐部，可知 Tani的成功很大程度上归功于他对比赛的挚爱。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：他每天都要练习好几个小时。A. appreciates欣赏；B. practices练习；C. watches观察；D. creates创造。根据语境可知，他每天都要练习（practices）好几个小时。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：每个星期六，Tani和他的母亲都会去Harlem免费上3个小时的课。A. return返回；B. lead引导；C. point指出；D. head前往。根据上文的语境可知，妈妈和Tani前去Harlem那儿免费上3个小时的课。head在此用作动词，意为“前往，去......”之意，符合句意。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：他现在忙于为National Elementary Championships做准备。A. preparing for为......作准备；B. waiting for等候......；C. caring for关心；D. searching for寻找。根据语境“which will be held in Nashville, TN.”可知，比赛还没有举行，因此他现在忙于为National Elementary Championships做准备（preparing for）。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：赢得这场比赛（competition ）将会使他成为世界上最年轻的象棋大师的梦想更近一步。A. friendship友谊；B. war战争；C. praise表扬；D. competition比赛。根据文章可知，男孩是下象棋的，由此可知，赢得这场比赛（competition ）将会使他成为世界上最年轻的象棋大师的梦想更近一步。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：赢得这场比赛（competition ）将会使他成为世界上最年轻的象棋大师的梦想更近一步。A. smallest最小的；B. strongest最强的；C. youngest最年轻的；D. tallest最高的。根据下一句“The record is now held by Russian chess player Sergey Alex androvich Karjakin, who won the title in 2002 at the age of 12 years”以及第一段第一句“2019年3月10日，八岁的塔尼托鲁瓦“塔尼”阿德乌米击败73名年轻选手，”可知，与Sergey Alexandrovich Karjakin相比，如果他赢了，他是最年轻的象棋大师。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查语境及名词辨析。句意：毫无疑问，不久之后这个坚定的男孩一定会实现自己的目标A. doubt怀疑；B. wonder奇迹；C. problem问题；D. sign标志。 “no doubt”为固定搭配，意为“毫无疑问”，故选A。 四、阅读理解 (15题, 30分) A “Never give up! Never give up!” sang my two young children, Max and Charley, as they marched barefoot behind their grandmother Mimi on another adventure, off the beach where they had spent the day building sand castles and beating the waves. This time, they were seeking the ice-cream truck. Over the years, Mimi had become our family’s source of positivity through her effort. My father’s death left her to raise me and my ten-year-old brother alone at forty. She faced tragedy that is powerful enough to cloud just about anyone’s outlook. Instead, she challenged herself to find joy every day. She was always up for a new challenge, whether parasailing (驾帆伞滑翔) over the Gulf of Mexico, or signing up for tap-dancing classes at fifty. Leading by example, Mom taught us how much one could accomplish with a positive attitude. She has taken the same approach in her relationship with her grandchildren. Prior to starting her adventure with Max and Charley that hot July afternoon, Mimi heard the familiar sound of the ice-cream man’s bell from her beach chair. The ice-cream man’s visit is a daily occurrence at the beach, but one must be quick to catch his truck. Max and Charley were disappointed when they didn’t catch him in time that day, until Mimi’s eyes sparkled and explained that they could rush to find it at its next stop. They walked block after block. My kids’ tiny legs were tired, but they went on. After about twenty minutes’ walking, Max spoke out loud, “Maybe we should give up.” Charley responded with a quick “No way! Never give up!” and resumed her singing with Mimi. Just two blocks later, they found it. Max and Charley screamed with excitement, “Never give up!” Simple though it was, that phrase has become our battle cry (口号) for the challenges we face. Upon hearing those words, they are instantly transported to a positive state of mind — where the next ice-cream truck is just around the corner. 36. Why were Max and Charley marching barefoot? A. To get some extra exercise on the beach. B. To meet their grandma’s special request. C. To run after the truck for an ice cream. D. To build sand castles and fight the waves. 37. How did Mimi demonstrate her positive attitude and resilience after her husband’s death? A. She led a private life and avoided social interactions. B. She focused on finding joy every day despite the tragedy. C. She immediately signed up for tap-dancing classes. D. She started a new career to distract herself from her loss. 38. How did Charley react to Max’s disappointment? A. She blamed him for being loud. B. She took the idea and followed suit. C. She turned to Mimi for some advice. D. She opposed him and went on seeking. 39. What does the underline word “resumed” mean in paragraph four? A. repeated B. continued C. stopped D. whispered 40. What lesson can we learn from the story? A. Self-trust is the first secret of success. B. Remain positive in times of difficulties. C. Seize a chance in life before it disappears. D. Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的母亲面对生活的厄运始终保持乐观的心态，并且向作者的两个孩子传递面对困难要“永不放弃、保持乐观”的态度。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段““Never give up! Never give up!” sang my two young children, Max and Charley, as they marched barefoot behind their grandmother Mimi on another adventure, off the beach where they had spent the day building sand castles and beating the waves. This time, they were seeking the ice-cream truck. (“永不放弃！永不放弃！”我的两个孩子，Max和Charley唱着，他们赤脚跟在奶奶Mimi后面，踏上了又一次冒险之旅，离开了他们花了一天时间建造沙堡和拍打海浪的海滩。这一次，他们要找的是冰淇淋车)”可知，作者的两个孩子光着脚丫跟在奶奶后面，他们刚才在海滩玩耍，这时是去追赶卖冰激凌的小货车。故选C项。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段“Over the years, Mimi had become our family’s source of positivity through her effort. My father’s death left her to raise me and my ten-year-old brother alone at forty. She faced tragedy that is powerful enough to cloud just about anyone’s outlook. Instead, she challenged herself to find joy every day. She was always up for a new challenge, whether parasailing (驾帆伞滑翔) over the Gulf of Mexico, or signing up for tap-dancing classes at fifty. Leading by example, Mom taught us how much one could accomplish with a positive attitude.(多年来，Mimi通过她的努力已经成为我们家积极向上的源泉。父亲去世后，她在四十岁时独自抚养我和我十岁的弟弟。她面对的悲剧足以让任何人的前景蒙上阴影。相反，她挑战自己，每天都要寻找快乐。她总是准备迎接新的挑战，无论是在墨西哥湾上滑翔伞，还是在50岁时报名参加踢踏舞课程。妈妈以身作则，教会我们一个人有积极的态度可以取得多大的成就)”可知，在她丈夫死后，Mimi每天都专注于寻找快乐来表现出她积极的态度和韧性。故选B项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第四段“After about twenty minutes’ walking, Max spoke out loud, “Maybe we should give up.” Charley responded with a quick “No way! Never give up!”(走了大约二十分钟后，Max大声说：“也许我们应该放弃。”Charley迅速地回答：“不可能！永不放弃！”)”可知，Max走了一会觉得累了想放弃，此时Charley立刻反对他，继续寻找。故选D项。 【39题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文“After about twenty minutes’ walking, Max spoke out loud, “Maybe we should give up.” Charley responded with a quick “No way! Never give up!”(走了大约二十分钟后，Max大声说：“也许我们应该放弃。”Charley迅速地回答：“不可能！永不放弃！”)”可知，Charley回答了Max提出的建议，接下来应是接着和Mimi一起唱歌，所以推知resumed为“继续”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段““Never give up! Never give up!” sang my two young children, Max and Charley, as they marched barefoot behind their grandmother Mimi on another adventure, off the beach where they had spent the day building sand castles and beating the waves. This time, they were seeking the ice-cream truck.(“永不放弃！永不放弃！”我的两个孩子，Max和Charley唱着，他们赤脚跟在奶奶Mimi后面，踏上了又一次冒险之旅，离开了他们花了一天时间建造沙堡和拍打海浪的海滩。这一次，他们要找的是冰淇淋车)”和第二段中“Over the years, Mimi had become our family’s source of positivity through her effort.(多年来，Mimi通过她的努力已经成为我们家积极向上的源泉)”可知，文章讲述了作者的母亲面对生活的厄运始终保持乐观的心态，并且向作者的两个孩子传递面对困难要“永不放弃、保持乐观”的态度的故事。故选B项。 B Naming hurricane New research from the University of Illinois finds that hurricanes with female names are likely to cause more deaths than those with male names. The study examined over 60 years of hurricanes which hit the US. The results showed there were higher death tolls, on average, when the hurricanes were given a female name. This wasn’t because female-named hurricanes were any more severe; rather that people’s behavior changed. Sharon Shavitt, one of the authors of the report, explained: “In judging the intensity of a storm, people appear to be applying their beliefs about how men and women behave. This makes a female-named hurricane, such as Belle or Candy, seem gentle and less violent.” People unconsciously say to themselves: how could I be killed by a hurricane called Candy? In fact, hurricanes are named arbitrarily, and the names tell you nothing about the severity of the storm. But, if people in the path of the storm are letting its name affect whether they take shelter, what we call it may matter more than we think. Having searched through the records, the researchers returned to the lab to test their finding experimentally. People were given a series of hypothetical storms with male and female names and asked to make judgments about their intensity and the risk they faced. The results showed that people often regarded male-named hurricanes, like Hurricane Christopher or Hurricane Victor as more intense and riskier than the female-named ones, like Hurricane Alexandra and Hurricane Christina. Shavitt continued, “People imagining a ‘female’ hurricane were not as willing to seek shelter. The fixed ideas that underlie (是……的基础) these judgments are subtle and not necessarily hostile toward women - they may involve viewing women as warmer and less aggressive than men.” The fact is that until the late 1970s, hurricanes were always given female names, as they were thought to represent women’s qualities like unpredictability. This practice - and the sexist reasoning behind it - was rightly abandoned in favour of choosing between male and female. Strangely, though, what we’ve learnt is that we’d be better off naming all hurricanes after men to take advantage of people’s fixed views. The researchers estimate that changing a severe hurricane’s name from “Eloise” to “Charles” could potentially cut the death toll by one-third. Perhaps the naming of hurricane is one specific situation where we shouldn’t worry about being sexist, if being a little sexist is going to save lives. 41. Hurricanes with female names are likely to cause more deaths because . A. male named hurricanes are not terrible B. female-named hurricanes are more severe C. people think the female-named hurricanes are not severe D. people prefer to challenge the male-named hurricanes 42. The underlined word “arbitrarily” in Paragraph 2 probably means . A. for humor B. on purpose C. by chance D. in turn 43. According to the passage, which name can possibly cut the death toll? A. Eloise. B. Candy. C. Christina. D. Charles. 44. Why did hurricane naming conventions change from only female names to both male and female names in the late 1970s? A. It was realized that hurricanes should not be gendered. B. People desired to honor both male and female historical figures. C. People recognized the previous naming convention was based on sexist reasoning. D. The number of hurricanes requiring more diverse names to avoid repetition increased. 45. It can be inferred from the passage that . A. future hurricanes will be named after men more often B. being sexist in naming hurricanes helps save lives C. sexism in naming hurricanes will be banned D. rules of naming hurricanes will be changed 【答案】41. C 42. C 43. D 44. C 45. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了飓风的命名与飓风风暴强度之间的关系，以及有可能引起的性别歧视问题。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第一段“This wasn’t because female-named hurricanes were any more severe; rather that people’s behavior changed. (这并不是因为女性命名的飓风更严重；而是人们的行为改变了。)”以及第二段“People unconsciously say to themselves: how could I be killed by a hurricane called Candy? (人们不自觉地对自己说：我怎么会被一个叫Candy的飓风杀死呢？)”可知，带有女性名字的飓风可能会造成更多的死亡是因为人们认为女性命名的飓风并不严重。故选C。 【42题详解】 词句猜测题。 根据划线词上文“People unconsciously say to themselves: how could I be killed by a hurricane called Candy? (人们不自觉地对自己说：我怎么会被一个叫Candy的飓风杀死呢？)”及下文“and the names tell you nothing about the severity of the storm (这些名字并不能告诉你风暴的严重程度)”可知，人们因为飓风的名字是Candy，而对其严重程度产生误解，实际上名字与飓风的严重程度无关。由此可知，飓风的名字是随机命名的。由此推知，划线单词arbitrarily与by chance“偶然”意思接近。故选C。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。 根据最后一段“The researchers estimate that changing a severe hurricane’s name from “Eloise” to “Charles” could potentially cut the death toll by one-third. (研究人员估计，将严重飓风的名字从“Eloise”改为“Charles”可能会使死亡人数减少三分之一。)”可知，以Charles命名的飓风可能会使死亡人数减少三分之一。故选D。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“This practice - and the sexist reasoning behind it - was rightly abandoned in favour of choosing between male and female. (这种做法——以及其背后的性别歧视推理——被正确地抛弃，转而支持在男性和女性之间进行选择。)”可知，20世纪70年代末飓风的命名惯例会从仅使用女性名字转变为同时使用男性和女性名字是因为人们认识到以前的命名惯例是基于性别歧视的推理。故选C。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。 根据最后一段“Perhaps the naming of hurricane is one specific situation where we shouldn’t worry about being sexist, if being a little sexist is going to save lives. (如果轻微的性别歧视能够挽救生命，那么或许在给飓风命名的特定情况下，我们不必过于担心是否存在性别歧视。)”可知，给飓风命名时带有性别歧视有助于拯救生命。故选B。 C For more than two decades, Elon Musk has focused SpaceX, his rocket company, on his lifelong goal of reaching Mars. Over the last year, he has also built up work on what will happen if he gets there. Mr. Musk, has directed SpaceX employees to drill into the design and details of a Martian city, according to five people with knowledge of the efforts and documents viewed by The New York Times. One team is drawing up plans for small dome habitats, including the materials that could be used to build them. Another is working on spacesuits to deal with Mars’s terrible environment, while a medical team is researching whether humans can have children there. These initiatives, which are at their early stage, are a shift toward more concrete planning for life on Mars as Mr. Musk’s timeline has hastened (加速). While he said in 2016 that it would take 40 to 100 years to have a self-sustaining civilization on the planet, Mr. Musk told SpaceX employees in April that he now expects one million people to be living there in about 20 years. Mr. Musk has long tried to defy (违抗) the impossible and has often managed to beat tough odds. But his vision for life on Mars takes his seemingly limitless ambitions to their most extreme — and some might say absurdist — point. No one has ever set foot on the planet. NASA doesn’t expect to land humans on Mars until the 2040s. And if people get there, they will be greeted by icy temperatures, dust storms, and air that is impossible to breathe. Yet Mr. Musk sticks to the idea of creating a civilization on Mars—he once said he plans to die there — that it has pushed nearly every business effort he has made on Earth. His vision for Mars underlies most of the six companies that he leads or owns, each of which could potentially contribute to a space colony, according to the documents and the people with knowledge of the efforts. The Boring Company, a private tunneling venture founded by Mr. Musk, was started in part to ready equipment to dig under Mars’s surface, two of the people said. Mr. Musk has told people that he bought X, the social media platform, partly to help test how a citizen-led government that rules by consensus (共识) might work on Mars. He has also said that he imagines residents on the planet driving a version of the steel-paneled Cybertrucks made by Tesla, his electric vehicle company. 46. What measures are being taken by SpaceX to realize their dream of Mars? A. Designing large spaceships and building hospitals. B. Planning for habitats and designing spacesuits. C. Developing technologies and training medical teams. D. Building space stations and inspiring employees to strive. 47. What is Elon Musk’s current timeline for establishing a self-sustaining civilization on Mars? A. 40 to 100 years from 2016. B. Within the next 20 years. C. By the 2050s. D. He has not specified a timeline. 48. How do some people find Mr. Musk’s vision for Mars? A. Practical and achievable. B. Unreasonable and time-consuming. C. Theoretical and promising. D. Over-ambitious and ridiculous. 49. Why did Mr. Musk purchase X social media platform? A. Because he intended to create a company on Mars. B. Because he was interested in promoting social network on Mars. C. Because he wanted to make profits by running it on Mars. D. Because he dreamt of a resident-managed government for Mars. 50. What is the passage mainly about? A. Elon Musk’s determination and initiatives to put people on Mars. B. Elon Musk’s efforts to overcome the challenges of exploring Mars. C. Elon Musk’s overall vision for the future development of Mars. D. Elon Musk’s companies on Mars and their contributions. 【答案】46. B 47. A 48. D 49. D 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。 文章主要介绍了Elon Musk致力于将人类送上火星的决心和举措。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。 根据文章第二段中的“One team is drawing up plans for small dome habitats, including the materials that could be used to build them. Another is working on spacesuits to deal with Mars’s terrible environment, while a medical team is researching whether humans can have children there.(一个团队正在为小型圆顶栖息地制定计划，包括可以用来建造它们的材料。另一个正在研究宇航服，以应对火星的恶劣环境，而一个医疗小组正在研究人类能否在火星上生孩子。)”可知，SpaceX公司正在采取的措施是规划栖息地和设计宇航服。故选B。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“While he said in 2016 that it would take 40 to 100 years to have a self-sustaining civilization on the planet, Mr. Musk told SpaceX employees in April that he now expects one million people to be living there in about 20 years.(尽管他在2016年表示，在火星上建立一个自给自足的文明需要40到100年的时间，但Mr. Musk在今年4月告诉SpaceX的员工，他现在预计，大约20年后，火星上将有100万人居住。)”可知，Elon Musk目前关于在火星上建立自给自足文明的时间表是从2016年起算，40到100年内。故选A。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Mr. Musk has long tried to defy (违抗) the impossible and has often managed to beat tough odds. But his vision for life on Mars takes his seemingly limitless ambitions to their most extreme—and some might say absurdist—point. No one has ever set foot on the planet.(Mr. Musk长期以来一直试图挑战不可能的事情，并经常成功地克服困难。但他对火星生活的愿景将他看似无限的野心推向了极端——有些人可能会说这是荒谬的。从来没有人踏足过这个星球。)”可知，一些人认为Musk的火星愿景是好高骛远和荒谬的。故选D。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“Mr. Musk has told people that he bought X, the social media platform, partly to help test how a citizen-led government that rules by consensus (共识) might work on Mars.(Mr. Musk告诉人们，他收购了社交媒体平台X，部分原因是为了帮助测试一个由公民领导、以共识治国的政府如何在火星上运作。)”可知，Musk购买X社交媒体平台是因为他梦想在火星上建立一个居民管理的政府。故选D。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。 通读全文，尤其是第一段的“For more than two decades, Elon Musk has focused SpaceX, his rocket company, on his lifelong goal of reaching Mars.(20多年来，Elon Musk一直把他的火箭公司SpaceX专注于他的终身目标——登陆火星。)”和第二段的“Mr. Musk, has directed SpaceX employees to drill into the design and details of a Martian city, according to five people with knowledge of the efforts and documents viewed by The New York Times.(据了解《纽约时报》看到的相关工作和文件的五名知情人士透露，Mr. Musk指示SpaceX员工深入研究火星城市的设计和细节。)”可知，文章主要介绍了Elon Musk致力于将人类送上火星的决心和举措，因此文章的主旨是A选项“Elon Musk’s determination and initiatives to put people on Mars.(Elon Musk将人类送上火星的决心和计划。)”。故选A。 五、阅读表达 (5题, 5分) 阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy. From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them. Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me. At that moment, I decided to do something I had never done in twenty-four years of driving. I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed. No more angry shouts and no more horns! When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to the other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn’t get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared. 51. When will people feel happy as the author has discovered? ( No more than 7 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ 52. Why does the author feel sad sometimes in Paragraph 2? ( No more than 12 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ 53. What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights? ( No more than 10 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ 54. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 probably mean? ( No more than 5 words) _______________________________________________________________________________ 55. How does the author’s experience inspire you? Please explain. ( No more than 20 words). _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】51. When they offer their help to others. 52. Because some people miss the kindness the author sees every day. 53. They waited with patience. 54. But those situations are rare. 55. We should sometimes admit our weakness, let others know our situation and get help from others when necessary. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自己的亲身经历，论述了人在暴露自己的软弱时，往往会激发他人表现出善良的一面，从而迸发出理解和帮助之心。 【51题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy. (我每天都看到人们为我开门，给我的咖啡倒奶油，或者帮我穿外套。我发现这让他们很开心。)”可知，作者发现当别人为自己提供帮助时，这些人是开心的。故答案为When they offer their help to others. 【52题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others. (从我的轮椅经历中，我看到了人们最好的一面，但有时我感到难过，因为那些看起来独立的人错过了我每天看到的善良。他们看不到别人温柔的一面。)”可知，作者伤心的原因是一些看似独立的人错过了自己每天在他人身上看到的善良。故答案为Because some people miss the kindness the author sees every day. 【53题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. (但他们没有变得不耐烦和生气，而是等待着，因为他们知道前面的司机在某种程度上是软弱的。)”可知，当后面的司机看到作者打闪光灯时，他们不再不耐烦，而是耐心等待。故答案为They waited with patience. 【54题详解】 考查词句猜测。根据划线句子前的“Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way.(有时情况要求我们表现得坚强和勇敢，即使我们并不这么认为。)”可知，即使我们并不坚强也并不勇敢，形势会迫使我们那样表现；再根据划线句子后的“More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared. (更多的时候，如果我们在感到虚弱的时候不要假装自己很强大，在感到害怕的时候不要假装自己很勇敢，那会更好。)”可知，更多的情况是，我们的感受和表现一致会更好。结合but可知，划线内容与上文为转折关系，所以该句的意思应为“要求我们表现得坚强而勇敢的情况并不多”，更多的时候是后者的情况。故答案为But those situations are rare. 【55题详解】 开放性试题。根据作者在拥挤的车流中打开车灯，表明自己遇到麻烦，从而得到其他司机的理解的经历，再结合第二段中的“Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them. (通常，我们会想尽一切办法避免暴露自己的弱点，其中包括很多伪装。但只有当我们不再假装自己勇敢或坚强时，我们才允许人们表现出他们内心的善良。)”可推知，从作者的经历中得到的启发是：必要时不必假装勇敢或坚强，应承认自己的软弱，让别人知道我们的情况，从而得到他人的帮助。故答案为We should sometimes admit our weakness, let others know our situation and get help from others when necessary. 六、书面表达(15分) 56. 假设你是晨光中学英语话剧社社长李津，正在筹备社团下个月开展的“微笑的力量”主题活动，你的美国朋友Chris写信询问此次主题活动的相关情况。请用英语给他写一封回信。 要点： (1) 介绍主题活动的意义和主要内容(如喜剧表演，脱口秀等)； (2) 表达你对活动主题“微笑的力量”的理解； (3) 邀请对方参与此次活动。 注意： (1) 词数不少于100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； (2) 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； (3) 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：微笑的力量 The Power of Laughter Dear Chris, How's everything going? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes! Yours， Li Jin 【答案】Dear Chris, How’s everything going? I’m excited to tell you about the upcoming theme activity of our English Drama Club next month- “the power of laughter”. The activity aims to bring joy and positive energy to all participants. The main contents include comedy performances and talk shows, which will not only entertain but also inspire people to face life with a smile. In my opinion, the power of laughter is significant. A smile is like a magical force that can transform a dull moment into a pleasant one. I sincerely invite you to join us in this event. I believe that it will be a wonderful experience for you. Best wishes! Yours, Li Jin 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给你的美国朋友Chris写信介绍正在筹备的社团下个月开展的“微笑的力量”主题活动，内容包括：介绍主题活动的意义和主要内容、表达你对活动主题“微笑的力量”的理解及邀请对方参与此次活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 即将到来的：upcoming→ forthcoming 鼓舞：inspire →encourage 重要的：significant →important 在我看来：in my opinion→ as far as I’m concerned 2.句式拓展 简单句变强调句 原句：The activity aims to bring joy and positive energy to all participants. 拓展句：It is joy and positive energy that the activity aims to bring to all participants. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The main contents include comedy performances and talk shows, which will not only entertain but also inspire people to face life with a smile.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】I believe that it will be a wonderful experience for you.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $