内容正文:
重要语法——动词不定式
1
【练习】
-What are you going to do this summer vacation?
-I plan _______ Hua Hua, a nearly 3-year old lovely panda in Chengdu.
see B. saw C. seeing D. to see
考查动词不定式的用法。-这个暑假你打算做什么?
-我计划去成都看一只将近3岁的可爱熊猫,花花。plan to do sth 是固定搭配,意为“计划做某事”,空格处为动词不定式作宾语。故选 D。
D
动词不定式由to+动词原形构成,动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式。
非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。在初中阶段,我们接触到的含有动词不定式的句式有很多。
动词不定式的结构
动词不定式的结构
肯定式:to+动词原形
我想去购物。
I want to go shopping.
否定式:not to+动词原形
他告诉儿子上课时不要玩。
He told his son not to play in class.
动词不定式的用法
作主语。
学好英语是有用的。
It is useful to learn English well.
To learn English well is useful.
不定式置于句首。
it作形式主语,不定式置于句尾。
动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
2.作宾语
有些动词直接以带 to 的不定式结构作宾语,如 _____________________________________等。
I hope _______ (see) the sunset.
He wants _________ (go) now.
动词不定式的用法
to see
to go
agree, decide, fail, hope, learn, plan, prepare, want
我决定学滑冰。
I decide to learn skating.
动词不定式的用法
3. 作表语。
他的梦想是成为一名律师。
这本书好像很有趣。
His dream is to be a lawyer.
用作表语的动词不定式,一般位于系动词be, seem, appear等之后。
The book seems to be quite interesting.
4. 作定语。
起到形容词的作用,修饰名词或代词,通常放在它所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
我有很多家庭作业要做。
I have much homework to do.
你有什么东西要买吗?
Do you have anything to buy?
动词不定式的用法
5. 作目的状语
修饰谓语动词,表示行为的目的,为了使表达更加清楚或对目的加以强调,还可以用 in order to。
He stopped ________ (ask) the way.
They started early in order to ____ (get) there in time.
_______ (catch) the first bus, she is running quickly.
他去英国学习英语。
He went to England to learn English.
动词不定式
get
to ask
To catch
6. 作宾语补足语
动词不定式的用法
宾语补足语
主谓宾宾补结构(S V O C)
=主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
He
told
me
to clean my room.
I
saw
her
dancing.
Our teacher
asks
us
to read English
every day.
宾语补足语是句子中的一个重要成分,用于补充说明宾语的状态或特征。它通常跟在某些及物动词后面,这些动词接了宾语后意义仍不完整,需要宾语补足语来完整表达意思。
动词不定式
6. 作宾语补足语
6. 作宾语补足语
动词不定式可以来说明宾语的情况,在句中作宾语补足语。动词不定式作宾语补足语,有带 to 和不带 to 两种形式。
(1) 常跟带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:want、ask、tell、teach、invite、advise等。
The policeman told the boys not ________ (swim) in the river.
The teacher advises us __________ (protect) wild animals.
动词不定式的用法
to swim
to protect
(2) 常跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:感官动词 hear、feel、see、watch、notice等,使役动词 let、make 和 have。
I like watching the goldfish _______ (swim) around.
(3) 动词 help 后面的动词不定式可带 to,也可不带 to。
She often helps me _________ (do) the housework.
swim
(to) do
动词不定式的用法
13
拓展
14
It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth.
在句型“It is+adj.+of/for sb.+to+do sth.”中,of 和for常常引出不定式的逻辑主语,并置于不定式之前。当句中形容词表示人的特征、性质、主观感情或态度时,用介词of,此类词有good, nice, kind, right, wrong, polite, impolite, careful等。表示客观情况时则用for,常见的词有important, necessary, difficult, easy等。
你借给我一些钱,真是太好了。
It’s very kind of you to lend me some money.
对我来说,解这道题很难。
It is difficult for me to work this problem out.
动词后跟不定式或动名词时的用法区别
forget to do sth. 和 forget doing sth.
forget to do sth. 意为“忘记应该做或要做的事情”;
forget doing sth. 意为“忘记曾经做过的事情”。
我忘了为你寄信了。
I forget to post the letter for you.
珍妮忘了曾经见过我。
Jenny forgot seeing me once.
2. remember to do sth. 和 remember doing sth.
remember to do sth. 意为“记得应该做某事或要做的事情”;
remember doing sth. 意为“记得曾经做过的事情”。
记得向他问好。
Remember to say hello to him.
丽萨记得昨天给我打过电话。
Lisa remembered calling me yesterday.
动词后跟不定式或动名词时的用法区别
动词后跟不定式或动名词时的用法区别
3. stop to do sth. 和 stop doing sth.
stop to do sth. 意为“停下来正在做的事情,而去做另外一件事”
stop doing sth. 意为“停止做某事”。
我们累了。让我们停下来休息一下吧。
We are tired. Let’s stop to have a rest.
别说话了。老师生气了。
Stop talking. The teacher got angry.
4. go on to do sth. 和 go on doing sth.
go on to do sth. 意为“继续做另一件事”
go on doing sth. 意为“继续做刚才做的某事”
让我们继续学习。
Let’s go on studying.
读完课文后,学生们继续做练习。
After they had read the text, the students went on to do the exercises.
动词后跟不定式或动名词时的用法区别
动词后跟不定式或动名词时的用法区别
4. try to do sth. 和 try doing sth.
try to do sth. 意为“努力,企图,设法做某事”
try doing sth. 意为“试验,试着做某事”
让我们努力解开这道数学题。
Let's try to work out this math problem.
让我们试试敲后门。
Let's try knocking at the back door..
6. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事
我们不许学生在学校上课日外出。
We don’t allow the students to go out on schooldays.
我们不允许在这里吸烟。
We don’t allow smoking here.
动词后跟不定式或动名词时的用法区别
7. mean to do sth. 打算/想做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
我想去,但我父亲不会允许我去。
I meant to go, but my father would not allow me to.
那样做意味着浪费时间。
Doing that means wasting time.
动词后跟不定式或动名词时的用法区别
含省略to的动词不定式的短语结构
感官动词后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补。
see/watch/notice sb.do sth. 表示看到某人做某事的全过程
或者看到某人经常做某事。
我经常看到他在公园里踢足球。
I often see him play soccer in the park.
see/watch/notice sb.doing sth.
看到某人正在做某事
我看到他正在公园里踢足球。
I see him playing soccer in the park.
含省略to的动词不定式的短语结构
2.感官动词后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补。
hear sb. do sth. 表示听到某人做某事的全过程或者听到某人
经常做某事。
我们经常听到他在卧室里唱歌。
We often hear him sing in his bedroom.
hear sb. doing sth.
听到某人正在做某事
我们听到他正在卧室里唱歌。
We hear him singing in his bedroom.
含省略to的动词不定式的短语结构
3. 使役动词后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补。
make/have/let sb. do sth. 使某人做某事。
这件生日礼物使我感到很开心。
The birthday present made me feel happy.
让他走。
Let him go.
我的老师让我把课文再背一遍。
My teacher had me recite the text again.
含省略to的动词不定式的短语结构
4. “Why not do sth” , 意为“为什么不做某事”,表示发出邀请或提出建议。
为什么不加入音乐俱乐部呢?
Why not join the music club?
=Why don’t you join the music club?
不定式与疑问词的搭配
动词不定式与疑问词what, which, who, when, where, how等连用,构成不定式短语。这种结构相当于名词,通常作主语,宾语或表语等。
如何使用计算机是个问题。
How to use a computer is a question.
我不知道接下来该做什么。
I don’t know what to do next.
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