专题08 文章摘要（精选名校试题10篇）【考题猜想】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（上海）

高二上学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题08 文章摘要精选10篇 （解析版） 01 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages co herent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试卷 Imperfection can be a gift We all want to do things well and for things to turn out right. However, growing up also involves accepting when things go wrong. In fact, messing up can lead to some of the most interesting and meaningful outcomes. Aiming for results, whether that’s getting good school grades, shining in sport or acing an art project, can help you focus on your goals. However, it’s just as important to focus on enjoying the process. Getting too hung up on things turning out exactly as you think they should can put a lot of pressure on you and lead to anxiety. That’s why it’s good to leave some room for errors and imperfections. Then if things don’t go as planned, it’s not a big deal and you may learn something new. Dr Vara is a psychologist who helps people take care of their mental health. She says getting things wrong is part of growing up. “We also have to experience the uncomfortable feeling when we get things wrong. This helps us to become stronger,” says Dr Vara. “Otherwise, we’ll be too scared to make mistakes. This fear can lead to us putting off doing difficult things or avoiding trying new things.” It’s important to realise that making mistakes is common, which shows that it is impossible to be perfect and failure is normal. Learning from your mistakes is an essential part of growing up. The most important thing is how you respond and what you choose to do next. Try not to take it too seriously, blame yourself or feel too disappointed or upset. Dr Vara explains, “Remember that you’re not a bad person for getting things wrong——you’re human. It might feel uncomfortable for a bit, then these feelings will pass and then you’ll bounce back.” Instead, think about what you might do differently next time. This has been proven to work. In one study, students who were reminded to forgive and be kind to themselves when they failed a test felt more motivated to try again. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Accepting failures is a natural part of growth. Focusing on enjoying the process rather than just the results can reduce pressure and anxiety. Dr. Vara explains that making mistakes is normal and essential for becoming stronger. The key is to learn from mistakes, not be too hard on oneself, and consider how to improve next time. 【导语】本文的体裁是明文。接受失败是成长的自然组成部分。专注于享受过程而不仅仅是结果可以减轻压力和焦虑。瓦拉博士解释说，犯错误是正常的，对变得更强壮至关重要。关键是要从错误中吸取教训，不要对自己太苛刻，并考虑下次如何改进。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①However, growing up also involves accepting when things go wrong. ②However, it’s just as important to focus on enjoying the process. Getting too hung up on things turning out exactly as you think they should can put a lot of pressure on you and lead to anxiety.   ③She says getting things wrong is part of growing up.  “We also have to experience the uncomfortable feeling when we get things wrong.  This helps us to become stronger,” says Dr Vara.   ④Learning from your mistakes is an essential part of growing up.  The most important thing is how you respond and what you choose to do next.  Try not to take it too seriously, blame yourself or feel too disappointed or upset. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句Focusing on enjoying the process rather than just the results can reduce pressure and anxiety. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Accepting failures is a natural part of growth. 运用了一个含有动名词的句子，对原文第一段进行了概括。其中动名词Accepting作主语，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】Dr. Vara explains that making mistakes is normal and essential for becoming stronger.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第三段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句、动名词making作主语、动名词becoming作宾语，表达非常高级。 02 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试卷 We Need to Take Meditation More Seriously as Medicine A new review study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Internal Medicine, suggests that the ancient Eastern practice of mindful meditation can offer real help for patients with depression, anxiety, and pain. Dr. Madhav Goyal is the lead author of the recent JAMA study. He reviewed 47 clinical trials involving more than 3500 participants with mild anxiety or depression, and found that those who practiced mindful meditation saw a 5-10%improvement in anxiety symptoms and a 10-20% reduction in depressive symptoms. What’s most striking about the JAMA findings is that people weren’t meditating for very long. Many in the reviewed studies meditated for as little as 2. 5 hours per week for two months. As Dr. Goyal points out, because meditation is a skill that’s learned over time, it’s unlikely that the respondents reached a high level in a short time. So according to him, it’s reasonable to think that people would experience even greater benefits with more rigorous training and practice. Unfortunately though, it’s precisely those realities of meditation — that it is a state you can teach yourself to achieve and improve with discipline — that might weaken its validity (有效性) with physicians and patients. For example, professor Mark K. Blum, a Buddhist Studies expert at the University of California, Berkeley, believes some medical professionals may doubt the value of meditation because our culture has shifted so heavily in favor of quantitative measurement. “Medical doctors are practicing a form of science, and therefore expect to see scientific measurement,” Blum explains. “But how do you measure meditation?” In Dr. Goyal’s view, critics of meditation have a misunderstanding of what science is. It has nothing to do with molecules or drugs, he says. Rather, medical science is a “systematic exploration of what is not known”, whatever that may be — and areas like meditation desperately need more exploration, and the funding to do it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A new study found that meditation can help ease people’s anxiety and depression and that people can benefit more if they practice meditating for longer. Though some medical professionals still don’t believe in the effect of meditation because it can’t be measured, Dr. Goyal, the lead author of the study, thinks it is worth exploring. 【导语】本文的体裁是说明文。一项新的研究发现，冥想可以帮助缓解人们的焦虑和抑郁，如果人们练习冥想的时间更长，他们会受益更多。尽管一些医学专业人士仍然不相信冥想的效果，因为它无法测量，但该研究的第一作者戈亚尔博士认为，这值得探索。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①A new review study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Internal Medicine, suggests that the ancient Eastern practice of mindful meditation can offer real help for patients with depression, anxiety, and pain. ②What’s most striking about the JAMA findings is that people weren’t meditating for very long.  Many in the reviewed studies meditated for as little as 2.  5 hours per week for two months. ③For example, professor Mark K. Blum, a Buddhist Studies expert at the University of California, Berkeley, believes some medical professionals may doubt the value of meditation because our culture has shifted so heavily in favor of quantitative measurement. ④In Dr. Goyal’s view, critics of meditation have a misunderstanding of what science is. Rather, medical science is a “systematic exploration of what is not known”, whatever that may be—and areas like meditation desperately need more exploration, and the funding to do it. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将3、4两个要点进行整合，将总结性语句放在文章最后。 3. 遣词造句 A new study found that meditation can help ease people’s anxiety and depression and that people can benefit more if they practice meditating for longer. Some medical professionals still don’t believe in the effect of meditation because it can’t be measured. Dr. Goyal thinks areas like meditation are worth more exploration。 【点睛】【高分句型1】A new study found that meditation can help ease people’s anxiety and depression and that people can benefit more if they practice meditating for longer. 运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第一、二、三段进行了概括。其中that引导了宾语从句、if引导的条件状语从句，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】Though some medical professionals still don’t believe in the effect of meditation because it can’t be measured, Dr. Goyal, the lead author of the study, thinks it is worth exploring.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第四、五段进行了概括。其中Though引导的让步状语从句、because引导的原因状语从句，表达非常高级。 03 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市大同中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试卷 Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, the attitudes to dirt are always changing. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, and washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. The king of England did something similar in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. France’s Henry IV was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief above was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbour ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家) , encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】People have mixed opinions towards dirt. For a long time, people of some European countries believed dirt protected people from getting ill. However, people’s attitudes to dirt changed about 200 years ago. They have been told washing dirt off their body can keep them healthy. However, some scientists believe exposure to some dirt may help strengthen an immune system. 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍欧洲人对泥土的态度的变化。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ① Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, the attitudes to dirt are always changing. ② In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, and washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. ③ Though the belief above was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbour ever since the 18th century. ④ Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. ⑤ On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家) , encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. ⑥ And the latter position is gaining some ground. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2、3、4四个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 People have mixed opinions towards dirt. For a long time, people of some European countries believed dirt protected people from getting ill. However, people’s attitudes to dirt changed about 200 years ago. They have been told washing dirt off their body can keep them healthy. However, some scientists believe exposure to some dirt may help strengthen an immune system. 【点睛】【高分句型1】In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, and washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.（运用了that引导的宾语从句，描述了人们以前对泥土的态度，是高级句型。） 【高分句型2】Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.（运用了两个that引导的宾语从句，描述了国王以前对泥土的态度，是高级句型。） 【高分句型3】Though the belief above was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbour ever since the 18th century.（运用了Though引导的让步状语从句，描述了人们对泥土态度有了变化，是高级句型。） 04 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市曹杨第二中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷 Is Deep-Sea Exploration Worth the Money? People are generally more enthusiastic about space, but the oceans hold the solutions to some of the biggest problems of the twenty-first century. We must continue to invest in exploration of the deep sea so that we can take advantage of its benefits. The deep seas contain resources that could bring improvements in the field of medicine. Antibiotics are becoming less effective in the treatment of illnesses, and scientists think that the plant life in the deep oceans may provide a solution. They hope to develop new medicines that will make it possible to fight disease for years to come. Some substances produced from deep-sea plants are already being used in improved medical testing procedures. Recognizing the importance of this research, the 2008 Nobel Committee awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry to scientists in this area. At a time when existing forms of fuel are limited the deep oceans could provide new sources of fuel. For more than 50 years, oil companies have been drilling in areas like the North Sea. Realizing that these offshore resources will not last forever, oil companies are now considering other sources including the huge amounts of oil beneath the ocean bed. However, extracting it safely will require major advancements in technology. Another possible deep-sea fuel source on the ocean floor in the form of ice crystals, scientists believe, could be a fuel source for the future. Finally, using the deep sea for the disposal of nuclear waste is a controversial issue that needs to be explored further. Some organizations have proposed dropping nuclear waste into the deepest parts of the ocean and sealing it into the ocean floor. Many scientists claim that this process would involve less danger to the environment than current storage methods. These are just three of the many ways in which leaning about the deep ocean may change our lives for the better. Such advances in our knowledge justify the expense of carrying out deep-sea research. The demand for land is only continuing to grow. The time has come when 70% of our planet covered by water is just too big to ignore. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The oceans hold the solutions to some problems of the future, so we must continue to invest in exploration of it. The deep seas could bring improvements in the field of medicine, provide new sources of fuel and even probably help dispose nuclear waste. Leaning about the ocean and carrying out deep-sea research may change our lives for the better. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章从三个方面分析了继续投资深海勘探的必要性。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①People are generally more enthusiastic about space, but the oceans hold the solutions to some of the biggest problems of the twenty-first century. We must continue to invest in exploration of the deep sea so that we can take advantage of its benefits. ②The deep seas contain resources that could bring improvements in the field of medicine. ③At a time when existing forms of fuel are limited the deep oceans could provide new sources of fuel. ④Finally, using the deep sea for the disposal of nuclear waste is a controversial issue that needs to be explored further. ⑤These are just three of the many ways in which leaning about the deep ocean may change our lives for the better. Such advances in our knowledge justify the expense of carrying out deep-sea research. 2.缜密构思 将第①个要点进行重组作为导入，将第②、③、④两个要点进行整合，将第⑤个要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 Because the oceans hold the solutions to some problems of the future, we must continue to invest in exploration of it. The deep seas could bring improvements in the field of medicine, provide new sources of fuel and even probably help dispose nuclear waste. Leaning about the ocean and carrying out deep-sea research may change our lives for the better. 【点睛】[高分句型1]: Because the oceans hold the solutions to some problems of the future, we must continue to invest in exploration of it. 运用because引导的原因状语从句。 [高分句型2]: Leaning about the ocean and carrying out deep-sea research may change our lives for the better. 运用动名词短语作主语。 05 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市浦东区南汇中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末练习英语 How to Be a Successful Team Leader? Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. A team consists of both leaders and followers. Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other. What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. Meanwhile, everyone on a team also desires personal success, so a balance can be hard to strike. If a leader doesn’t have fierce determination, the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well. What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. These kinds of leaders are trustworthy, and thus, the working atmosphere will only come to be improved. They are role models who can have a strong influence on the whole team. To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. If you find it hard to express your ideas clearly to those who you collaborate with, it may be rather difficult for you to be a good leader. It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career. So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is essential to develop leadership skills when you’re young. Firstly, the ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed. Besides, honesty, fairness, and objective attitudes can win a leader trust and reliability in handling of interpersonal relationships. Moreover, skillful communication or staying connected with peers is significant for a promising leader. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何成为一名成功的团队领导者。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. ②What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. ③A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. ④They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. ⑤To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. ⑥Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. 2.缜密构思 将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第5、6两个要点进行重组 3.遣词造句 The ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed. Skillful communication or staying connected with peers is significant for a promising leader. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It is essential to develop leadership skills when you’re young.（运用了when引导时间状语从句对第一段内容进行概括） [高分句型2] Firstly, the ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed.（运用了动词不定式作后置定语对第二段的部分内容进行概括） 06 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市青浦高级中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末线上质量检测英语试卷 Why Gratitude Is Good for You? Gratitude is more than just saying ‘thank you’ to someone who has helped us or given us a gift. Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion. And this positive emotion can be good for our health -- our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. Let’s start by looking at the emotional or mental health benefits of expressing gratitude. There have been many studies, as described in a 2018 paper from the Greater Good Science Center titled ‘The Science of Gratitude’, showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person or writing in a gratitude journal, if done regularly, improves mental health. It is because gratitude stops us from thinking about toxic, negative emotions, and writing a ‘thank you’ letter, for example, shifts our attention so that we focus on positive emotions. But even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, like in a journal, the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and more satisfied with life. And this gets better with time. So, the more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel. Gratitude can also make us feel good in our bodies. There are studies linking a gratitude practice to better sleep quality, better eating habits, and reduced inflammation in people who have had heart problems. So gratitude is clearly good for us, but is it also good for the people in our lives? The simple answer is ‘yes’. When shared — spoken or written — gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too. Feeling valued can help build stronger relationships — be it with family, partners, friends or even colleagues. And that’s on top of all the other ways gratitude is clearly good for us. Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gratitude, which is a deeper appreciation for someone or something, is good for our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. The more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel about ourselves, and the healthier our body will be. Furthermore, when shared, gratitude helps others feel valued. So let’s count our blessings! 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表达感激对我们身心的带来好处。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion. ②And this positive emotion can be good for our health -- our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. ④So, the more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel. ⑤Gratitude can also make us feel good in our bodies. ⑥So gratitude is clearly good for us, but is it also good for the people in our lives?T ⑦When shared — spoken or written — gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too. ⑧Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead. 2.缜密构思 合并要点①②，这两点是总括文章的主旨——感激的益处；重组④⑤要点——对精神和身体健康有好处；重组⑥⑦——对他人的好处。 3.遣词造句 Gratitude, which is a deeper appreciation for someone or something, is good for our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. The more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel about ourselves, and the healthier our body will be. Furthermore, when shared, gratitude helps others feel valued. So let’s count our blessings! 【点睛】[高分句型1] Gratitude, which is a deeper appreciation for someone or something, is good for our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] Furthermore, when shared, gratitude helps others feel valued.（运用了状语从句的省略） 07 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市格致中学2022-2023学年高二上学期英语期末 Scrabble is a crossword game. There is a board, a bag full of letter tiles, and small racks (架子) to put the tiles on. Letters like Q, X and Z are not common in English words. They are worth more points than common letters like E, S and N. For example, “E” is worth only 1 point and there are many “E” tiles. The letter “Q” is worth 5 points and there are only two “Q” tiles. The game begins with all the letter tiles in a bag. This way, the players can’t see the tiles. Each player takes seven tiles and puts them on the rack in front of him or her. The players can’t see each other’s tiles. The Scrabble board has many squares. In turn, players try to make words with their tiles and put them on the squares. The words can only go up and down or left to right. The first player puts down a word, and it must cover the star in the centre of the board. The player must take new tiles to replace the ones used to make the word. The next player must make a word using the word that is on the board. To find the score, players add up the value of each tile in a word. For example, the letters “S”, “T” and “A” are each worth 1 point. So the word “sat” is worth 3 points. The pink and blue squares have a special value, too. For example, if the “Q” tile is on a triple-letter square, then it would be 15 points, not just 5 points. If the word “sat’ is on the double=word square, then it is worth 6 points. The game continues until all the tiles have been used and no player can make any new words on the board. The highest score wins! ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Scrabble is a crossword game. In this game, players try to spell words with letter tiles. There are some squares on the board worth special points. If a player can put a letter on these squares, that player can get more points. And if the player can use letters with high score on them, his / her points will be higher. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了拼字游戏的玩法。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Scrabble is a crossword game. Letters like Q, X and Z are not common in English words. They are worth more points than common letters like E, S and N. ②The game begins with all the letter tiles in a bag. ③Each player takes seven tiles and puts them on the rack in front of him or her. ④The Scrabble board has many squares.   ⑤To find the score, players add up the value of each tile in a word. For example, the letters “S”, “T” and “A” are each worth 1 point. So the word “sat” is worth 3 points. The pink and blue squares have a special value, too. For example, if the “Q” tile is on a triple-letter square, then it would be 15 points, not just 5 points. If the word “sat’ is on the double=word square, then it is worth 6 points. ⑥The game continues until all the tiles have been used and no player can make any new words on the board. The highest score wins! 2. 缜密深思 把要点1、2、3、4重组；要点5和要点6重组，整合。 3. 遣词造句 Scrabble is a crossword game. The Scrabble board has many squares. Each player in the game begins with all the letter tiles and to get the score, players add up the value of each tile in a word. The game continues until all the tiles have been used and use letters with high score on them so that the player wins! 【点睛】【高分句型1】There are some squares on the board worth special points.（运用了there be句型和worth形容词作定语） 【高分句型2】If a player can put a letter on these squares, that player can get more points.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 08 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市朱家角中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题 Panic Buying Have you ever watched one of the many TV shows set during the apocalypse (大灾难). If it’s not zombies, it’s viruses or natural disasters. One thing that seems to be a typical part of these series is survivors searching for food and resources. Is that why people stockpile food when things go bad? What is stockpiling? Quite simply it’s when people accumulate a substantial number of goods, for example food or water. But why do we do it? Consumer psychologist Paul Marsden puts it down to three factors that relate to retail therapy. Firstly, ‘autonomy’ -the idea that people feel the need to be in control. Secondly, ‘relatedness’ - panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same. Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing. Sander Van der Lindon, an assistant professor of social psychology at Cambridge University, said that a phenomenon known as ‘fear contagion (传播)’ can take hold. People’s decision making stops when stressed, so they follow the actions of other people. If they are panic buying, you will too. So, can you stop people from stockpiling? Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic. However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying. So, the next time a virus, natural disaster or zombie apocalypse starts, remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Panic buying occurs due to the need for people to be in control, feel connected to others who are also panic buying and be “smart shoppers”. Building up a large stock of supplies is a form of retail therapy that helps people manage their emotional state. In general, trying to stop people from panic buying is counterproductive. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，恐慌性购买的发生是由于人们需要控制自己，与其他也有恐慌性购买的人建立联系，并成为“聪明的购物者”。建立大量的供应库存是一种零售疗法，可以帮助人们管理自己的情绪状态。一般来说，试图阻止人们恐慌性购买是适得其反的。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Firstly, ‘autonomy’ -the idea that people feel the need to be in control. ②Secondly, ‘relatedness’ - panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same. ③Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing. ④Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic. ⑤However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying. ⑥remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state. 2.缜密构思 将第4、5两个要点进行重组，将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合，将第6要点进行重写。 3.遣词造句 Panic buying occurs because people need to take control, connect with others who are also panic buying, and become “smart shoppers”. Building a large supply inventory is a retail therapy that can help people manage their emotional state. Generally speaking, trying to prevent people panic buying is counterproductive. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Panic buying occurs due to the need for people to be in control, feel connected to others who are also panic buying and be “smart shoppers”.(运用who引导的定语从句) [高分句型2] Building up a large stock of supplies is a form of retail therapy that helps people manage their emotional state. (运用that引导的定语从句) 09 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why true happiness isn't about being happy all the time 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语卷 Over the past two decades, the positive psychology movement has brightened up psychological rescarch with its science of happiness and human potential. It argues that psychologists should not only investigate mental illness but also what makes life worth living. The founding father of positive psychology, Martin Seligman, describes happiness as experiencing frequent positive emotions, such as joy, excitement and satisfaction, combined with deeper feelings of meaning and purpose. It implies a positive attitude in the present and an optimistic outlook for the future. Importantly, happiness experts have argued that happiness is not a stable ,unchangeable feature but something flexible that we can work on and eventually strive towards. Recent research indicates that psychological flexibility is the key to greater happiness and well-being.For example,being open to emotional experiences and the ability to endure periods of discomfort can allow us to move towards a richer, more meaningful existence. Studies have also demonstrated that the way we respond to the circumstances of our lives has more influence on our happiness than the events themselves. Experiencing stress, sadness and anxiety in the short term doesn't mean we can't be happy in the long term. Putting up with sorrow can make us tougher and lead us to take action in our lives, such as changing jobs or overcoming hardship. Often when people have faced difficulty, illness or loss, they describe their lives as happier and more meaningful as a result. Unlike feeling happy, which is a temporary state, leading a happier life is about individual growth through finding meaning. It is about accepting our humanity with all its ups and downs, enjoying the positive emotions, and making use of painful feelings in order to reach our full potential. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Positive psychology mainly defines happiness as experiencing frequent positive emotions, which means being positive now and optimistic about the future. However, happy experts think happiness is flexible and we can work hard for it. Recent research has confirmed that how we react to things matters more than things themselves. Therefore, individual growth and accepting humanity is the key to happier life. 【导语】本文是以一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了积极心理学主要将幸福定义为经历频繁的积极情绪，这意味着现在积极，对未来乐观。然而，快乐专家认为快乐是灵活的，我们可以为此努力。最近的研究证实，我们对事物的反应比事物本身更重要。因此，个人成长和接受人性是幸福生活的关键。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①The positive psychology movement argues that psychologists should not only investigate mental illness but also what makes life worth living. ②The founding father of positive psychology describes happiness as experiencing frequent positive emotions. ③Recent research indicates that psychological flexibility is the key to greater happiness and well-being. ④Leading a happier life is about individual growth through finding meaning. It is also about accepting our humanity. 2.缜密构思 将1.2两个要点进行重组，将第3.4要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Positive psychology mainly defines happiness as experiencing frequent positive emotions, which means being positive now and optimistic about the future.. However, happy experts think happiness is flexible and we can work hard for it. Recent research has confirmed that how we react to things matters more than things themselves. Therefore, individual growth and accepting humanity is the key to happier life. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Positive psychology mainly defines happiness as experiencing frequent positive emotions, which means being positive now and optimistic about the future.（运用了一个复杂的主从复合句对原文的第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中which引导了非限定性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Recent research has confirmed that how we react to things matters more than things themselves.（运用了that引导的宾语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级） 10 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages co herent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市格致中学2021-2022学年高三下学期考前英语模拟卷 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that advocate excessive thinness by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up threatening health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death --- as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist. The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep -- and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it always has a problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help promote notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: France has attempted to redefine physical beauty by law in its fashion industry to stop pursuing ultra-thinness. The new bans not only oppose unhealthy beauty standards,but also advocate individual worth like character and intellect. Unlike France, which relies on the severe punishment, other countries, such as Denmark, turn to milder measures and ethical persuasion to promote similar beauty concepts. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。法国时装行业试图通过法律重新定义外形美，以停止追求超瘦。新的禁令不仅反对不健康的审美标准，而且提倡个性和智慧等个人价值。与依赖严厉惩罚的法国不同，其他国家，如丹麦，转而采用较为温和的措施和伦理说服来推广类似的美的理念。 【详解】1 要点摘录 1.France has attempted to redefine physical beauty by law in its fashion industry to stop pursuing ultra-thinness. 2.The new bans not only oppose unhealthy beauty standards,but also advocate individual worth like character and intellect. 3.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. 4.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2分别概括，将第3、4要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 France has attempted to redefine physical beauty by law in its fashion industry to stop pursuing ultra-thinness . The new bans not only oppose unhealthy beauty standards,but also advocate individual worth like character and intellect. Unlike France, which relies on the severe punishment, other countries, such as Denmark, turn to milder measures and ethical persuasion to promote similar beauty concepts. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The new bans not only oppose unhealthy beauty standards, but also advocate individual worth like character and intellect. 使用了not only…but also…并列句型，将前后内容进行并列，表达高级。 [高分句型2] Unlike France, which relies on the severe punishment, other countries, such as Denmark, turn to milder measures and ethical persuasion to promote similar beauty concepts.使用了which引导的非限制定语从句，表达高级。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高二上学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题08 文章摘要精选10篇 （原题版） 01 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages co herent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试卷 Imperfection can be a gift We all want to do things well and for things to turn out right. However, growing up also involves accepting when things go wrong. In fact, messing up can lead to some of the most interesting and meaningful outcomes. Aiming for results, whether that’s getting good school grades, shining in sport or acing an art project, can help you focus on your goals. However, it’s just as important to focus on enjoying the process. Getting too hung up on things turning out exactly as you think they should can put a lot of pressure on you and lead to anxiety. That’s why it’s good to leave some room for errors and imperfections. Then if things don’t go as planned, it’s not a big deal and you may learn something new. Dr Vara is a psychologist who helps people take care of their mental health. She says getting things wrong is part of growing up. “We also have to experience the uncomfortable feeling when we get things wrong. This helps us to become stronger,” says Dr Vara. “Otherwise, we’ll be too scared to make mistakes. This fear can lead to us putting off doing difficult things or avoiding trying new things.” It’s important to realise that making mistakes is common, which shows that it is impossible to be perfect and failure is normal. Learning from your mistakes is an essential part of growing up. The most important thing is how you respond and what you choose to do next. Try not to take it too seriously, blame yourself or feel too disappointed or upset. Dr Vara explains, “Remember that you’re not a bad person for getting things wrong——you’re human. It might feel uncomfortable for a bit, then these feelings will pass and then you’ll bounce back.” Instead, think about what you might do differently next time. This has been proven to work. In one study, students who were reminded to forgive and be kind to themselves when they failed a test felt more motivated to try again. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 02 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试卷 We Need to Take Meditation More Seriously as Medicine A new review study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Internal Medicine, suggests that the ancient Eastern practice of mindful meditation can offer real help for patients with depression, anxiety, and pain. Dr. Madhav Goyal is the lead author of the recent JAMA study. He reviewed 47 clinical trials involving more than 3500 participants with mild anxiety or depression, and found that those who practiced mindful meditation saw a 5-10%improvement in anxiety symptoms and a 10-20% reduction in depressive symptoms. What’s most striking about the JAMA findings is that people weren’t meditating for very long. Many in the reviewed studies meditated for as little as 2. 5 hours per week for two months. As Dr. Goyal points out, because meditation is a skill that’s learned over time, it’s unlikely that the respondents reached a high level in a short time. So according to him, it’s reasonable to think that people would experience even greater benefits with more rigorous training and practice. Unfortunately though, it’s precisely those realities of meditation — that it is a state you can teach yourself to achieve and improve with discipline — that might weaken its validity (有效性) with physicians and patients. For example, professor Mark K. Blum, a Buddhist Studies expert at the University of California, Berkeley, believes some medical professionals may doubt the value of meditation because our culture has shifted so heavily in favor of quantitative measurement. “Medical doctors are practicing a form of science, and therefore expect to see scientific measurement,” Blum explains. “But how do you measure meditation?” In Dr. Goyal’s view, critics of meditation have a misunderstanding of what science is. It has nothing to do with molecules or drugs, he says. Rather, medical science is a “systematic exploration of what is not known”, whatever that may be — and areas like meditation desperately need more exploration, and the funding to do it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 03 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市大同中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试卷 Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, the attitudes to dirt are always changing. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, and washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. The king of England did something similar in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. France’s Henry IV was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief above was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbour ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家) , encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 04 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市曹杨第二中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷 Is Deep-Sea Exploration Worth the Money? People are generally more enthusiastic about space, but the oceans hold the solutions to some of the biggest problems of the twenty-first century. We must continue to invest in exploration of the deep sea so that we can take advantage of its benefits. The deep seas contain resources that could bring improvements in the field of medicine. Antibiotics are becoming less effective in the treatment of illnesses, and scientists think that the plant life in the deep oceans may provide a solution. They hope to develop new medicines that will make it possible to fight disease for years to come. Some substances produced from deep-sea plants are already being used in improved medical testing procedures. Recognizing the importance of this research, the 2008 Nobel Committee awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry to scientists in this area. At a time when existing forms of fuel are limited the deep oceans could provide new sources of fuel. For more than 50 years, oil companies have been drilling in areas like the North Sea. Realizing that these offshore resources will not last forever, oil companies are now considering other sources including the huge amounts of oil beneath the ocean bed. However, extracting it safely will require major advancements in technology. Another possible deep-sea fuel source on the ocean floor in the form of ice crystals, scientists believe, could be a fuel source for the future. Finally, using the deep sea for the disposal of nuclear waste is a controversial issue that needs to be explored further. Some organizations have proposed dropping nuclear waste into the deepest parts of the ocean and sealing it into the ocean floor. Many scientists claim that this process would involve less danger to the environment than current storage methods. These are just three of the many ways in which leaning about the deep ocean may change our lives for the better. Such advances in our knowledge justify the expense of carrying out deep-sea research. The demand for land is only continuing to grow. The time has come when 70% of our planet covered by water is just too big to ignore. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 05 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市浦东区南汇中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末练习英语 How to Be a Successful Team Leader? Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. A team consists of both leaders and followers. Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other. What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. Meanwhile, everyone on a team also desires personal success, so a balance can be hard to strike. If a leader doesn’t have fierce determination, the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well. What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. These kinds of leaders are trustworthy, and thus, the working atmosphere will only come to be improved. They are role models who can have a strong influence on the whole team. To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. If you find it hard to express your ideas clearly to those who you collaborate with, it may be rather difficult for you to be a good leader. It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career. So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 06 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市青浦高级中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末线上质量检测英语试卷 Why Gratitude Is Good for You? Gratitude is more than just saying ‘thank you’ to someone who has helped us or given us a gift. Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion. And this positive emotion can be good for our health -- our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. Let’s start by looking at the emotional or mental health benefits of expressing gratitude. There have been many studies, as described in a 2018 paper from the Greater Good Science Center titled ‘The Science of Gratitude’, showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person or writing in a gratitude journal, if done regularly, improves mental health. It is because gratitude stops us from thinking about toxic, negative emotions, and writing a ‘thank you’ letter, for example, shifts our attention so that we focus on positive emotions. But even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, like in a journal, the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and more satisfied with life. And this gets better with time. So, the more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel. Gratitude can also make us feel good in our bodies. There are studies linking a gratitude practice to better sleep quality, better eating habits, and reduced inflammation in people who have had heart problems. So gratitude is clearly good for us, but is it also good for the people in our lives? The simple answer is ‘yes’. When shared — spoken or written — gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too. Feeling valued can help build stronger relationships — be it with family, partners, friends or even colleagues. And that’s on top of all the other ways gratitude is clearly good for us. Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 07 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市格致中学2022-2023学年高二上学期英语期末 Scrabble is a crossword game. There is a board, a bag full of letter tiles, and small racks (架子) to put the tiles on. Letters like Q, X and Z are not common in English words. They are worth more points than common letters like E, S and N. For example, “E” is worth only 1 point and there are many “E” tiles. The letter “Q” is worth 5 points and there are only two “Q” tiles. The game begins with all the letter tiles in a bag. This way, the players can’t see the tiles. Each player takes seven tiles and puts them on the rack in front of him or her. The players can’t see each other’s tiles. The Scrabble board has many squares. In turn, players try to make words with their tiles and put them on the squares. The words can only go up and down or left to right. The first player puts down a word, and it must cover the star in the centre of the board. The player must take new tiles to replace the ones used to make the word. The next player must make a word using the word that is on the board. To find the score, players add up the value of each tile in a word. For example, the letters “S”, “T” and “A” are each worth 1 point. So the word “sat” is worth 3 points. The pink and blue squares have a special value, too. For example, if the “Q” tile is on a triple-letter square, then it would be 15 points, not just 5 points. If the word “sat’ is on the double=word square, then it is worth 6 points. The game continues until all the tiles have been used and no player can make any new words on the board. The highest score wins! ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 08 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市朱家角中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题 Panic Buying Have you ever watched one of the many TV shows set during the apocalypse (大灾难). If it’s not zombies, it’s viruses or natural disasters. One thing that seems to be a typical part of these series is survivors searching for food and resources. Is that why people stockpile food when things go bad? What is stockpiling? Quite simply it’s when people accumulate a substantial number of goods, for example food or water. But why do we do it? Consumer psychologist Paul Marsden puts it down to three factors that relate to retail therapy. Firstly, ‘autonomy’ -the idea that people feel the need to be in control. Secondly, ‘relatedness’ - panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same. Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing. Sander Van der Lindon, an assistant professor of social psychology at Cambridge University, said that a phenomenon known as ‘fear contagion (传播)’ can take hold. People’s decision making stops when stressed, so they follow the actions of other people. If they are panic buying, you will too. So, can you stop people from stockpiling? Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic. However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying. So, the next time a virus, natural disaster or zombie apocalypse starts, remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 09 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why true happiness isn't about being happy all the time 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语卷 Over the past two decades, the positive psychology movement has brightened up psychological rescarch with its science of happiness and human potential. It argues that psychologists should not only investigate mental illness but also what makes life worth living. The founding father of positive psychology, Martin Seligman, describes happiness as experiencing frequent positive emotions, such as joy, excitement and satisfaction, combined with deeper feelings of meaning and purpose. It implies a positive attitude in the present and an optimistic outlook for the future. Importantly, happiness experts have argued that happiness is not a stable ,unchangeable feature but something flexible that we can work on and eventually strive towards. Recent research indicates that psychological flexibility is the key to greater happiness and well-being.For example,being open to emotional experiences and the ability to endure periods of discomfort can allow us to move towards a richer, more meaningful existence. Studies have also demonstrated that the way we respond to the circumstances of our lives has more influence on our happiness than the events themselves. Experiencing stress, sadness and anxiety in the short term doesn't mean we can't be happy in the long term. Putting up with sorrow can make us tougher and lead us to take action in our lives, such as changing jobs or overcoming hardship. Often when people have faced difficulty, illness or loss, they describe their lives as happier and more meaningful as a result. Unlike feeling happy, which is a temporary state, leading a happier life is about individual growth through finding meaning. It is about accepting our humanity with all its ups and downs, enjoying the positive emotions, and making use of painful feelings in order to reach our full potential. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages co herent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市格致中学2021-2022学年高三下学期考前英语模拟卷 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that advocate excessive thinness by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up threatening health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death --- as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist. The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep -- and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it always has a problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help promote notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $