专题03 完形填空题（精选名校试题10篇）【考题猜想】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（上海）

高二上学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题03 完形填空题精选10篇 （解析版） 01 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试卷 She wants to be a singer; you think she should go for a long-term career with job security and eventually retire with a good pension. But a new report suggests that in fact she’s the practical one. Why do parents make terrible careers 1 ? Today’s 14 and 15-year-olds are 2 . They are optimistic about their prospects, but their career ideas are rather 3 . Although 80% of them have no intention of following in their parents’ footsteps, 69% still 4 their parents for advice. They look at their working future in a different way to their parents. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is 5 but pays the bills. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. Certainly when I was 15, my guidance counselors were horrified at my plans to become a writer. I’m glad I didn’t change my plans to suit them. But the world has changed. The global economy is not 6 to yesterday’s diligent and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the initiative. This means it is not 7 being unrealistic that a 14-year-old sees her working future as a kind of 8 to be made up as she goes along. 9 , she has to have the training and guidance to help her develop the right skills for today’s market. Many young people 10 that redundancy (冗余), downsizing (裁员) and freelancing (自由职业) are all part of modern working life, but no one is telling them how they might be able to turn the new rules of the 11 game to their advantage. This is what they need to know if they are to make a life for themselves. So what is to be done? A good first step would be to 12 the way in which schools prepare young people or adult life. The education system is becoming less flexible and sticks more to traditional skills at just the time that the job market is going in the 13 direction. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to 14 all the advice that your parents gave you, and step into your teenager’s shoes. Give them the courage to follow their dreams ---- however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, ambition is a terrible thing to 15 . 1．A．advisers B．planners C．reformers D．pursuers 2．A．curious B．ambitious C．depressed D．unrealistic 3．A．inspiring B．clear C．changeable D．vague 4．A．turn to B．turn up C．turn out D．turn into 5．A．well-paid B．temporary C．boring D．rewarding 6．A．common B．opposed C．kind D．devoted 7．A．normally B．necessarily C．nearly D．generally 8．A．adventure B．terminal C．destiny D．reality 9．A．Finally B．Instead C．Therefore D．However 10．A．claim B．declare C．conclude D．perceive 11．A．competition B．employment C．knowledge D．modernization 12．A．translate B．transport C．transform D．transfer 13．A．opposite B．former C．regular D．inevitable 14．A．take B．forget C．recall D．spoil 15．A．inherit B．keep C．simplify D．waste 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了父母在为孩子选择职业时往往给出不切实际的建议，而现在的孩子需要为多变的市场做准备，追求自己的梦想。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么父母做糟糕的职业顾问？A. advisers顾问；B. planners计划者；C. reformers改革者；D. pursuers追求者。根据上文“She wants to be a singer; you think she should go for a long-term career with job security and eventually retire with a good pension.”可知，父母和孩子的职业想法不同，因此父母可能是糟糕的职业顾问。故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在的14、15岁的孩子是很有抱负的。A. curious好奇的；B. ambitious有抱负的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. unrealistic不切实际的。根据后文“They are optimistic about their prospects”可知，他们对前景很乐观，因此是很有抱负的。故选B。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们对自己的前景很乐观，但是他们的职业想法是相当模糊的。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. clear清晰的；C. changeable多变的；D. vague模糊的。根据but可知，虽然他们对自己的前景很乐观，但他们对职业想法是不确定的，非常的模糊。故选D。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管80%的人不打算追随父母的脚步，但69%的人仍然会向父母寻求建议。A. turn to转向，求助；B. turn up出现，调大；C. turn out结果是，证明是；D. turn into变成。根据Although以及空后“their parents for advice”可知，尽管很多青少年不打算追随父母的脚步，但他们会向父母寻求建议。故选A。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一份没有前途但稳定却无聊工作，可以支付账单，也不在他们的考虑范围内。A. well-paid薪水高的；B. temporary暂时的；C. boring无聊的；D. rewarding有回报的。根据空前“neither is a dead-end but secure job”可知，这份工作很稳定，对于年轻人来说也很无聊。故选C。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：全球经济对昨天勤奋可靠的工人并不友好。A. common普通的；B. opposed反对的；C. kind善良的；D. devoted忠诚的，献身的。根据下文“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the initiative.”可知，未来属于思维敏捷、足智多谋、有抱负并能采取主动的人，因此全球经济对那种勤奋可靠的工人不太友好。故选C。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这意味着，一个14岁的孩子把她未来的工作看作是一种随着她的成长而逐渐形成的冒险，这并不一定是不切实际的。A. normally正常地；B. necessarily必然地；C. nearly几乎；D. generally通常。根据下“that a 14-year-old sees her working future as a kind of  ___8___  to be made up as she goes along”可知，青少年在成长中不断地去冒险，他们对于职业的想法不一定是不切实际的，not necessarily“不一定”。故选B。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着，一个14岁的孩子把她未来的工作看作是一种随着她的成长而逐渐形成的冒险，这并不一定是不切实际的。A. adventure冒险；B. terminal终端；C. destiny命运；D. reality现实。根据空后“to be made up as she goes along”可知，这是随着她的成长而逐渐形成的，因此像是一种冒险。故选A。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，她必须接受培训和指导，以帮助她培养适合当今市场的技能。A. Finally最后；B. Instead相反；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。根据上文“This means it is not ___7___ being unrealistic that a 14-year-old sees her working future as a kind of ___8___ to be made up as she goes along.”可知，一个14岁的孩子对未来的职业想法并不是不切实际的，但他们必须接受培训和指导。上文和下文形成转折关系，因此用副词However。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多年轻人意识到裁员、缩减规模和自由职业都是现代工作生活的一部分，但没有人告诉他们如何将这些新规则转化为自己的优势。A. claim声称；B. declare宣布；C. conclude得出结论；D. perceive意识到。根据后文“but no one is telling them how they might be able to turn the new rules of the ___11___ game to their advantage”可知，没有人告诉他们，因此是他们自己意识到的。故选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多年轻人意识到裁员、缩减规模和自由职业都是现代工作生活的一部分，但没有人告诉他们如何将这些新规则转化为自己的优势。A. competition竞争；B. employment就业，雇佣；C. knowledge知识；D. modernization现代化。根据上文“redundancy (冗余), downsizing (裁员) and freelancing (自由职业)”可知，“裁员、缩减规模和自由职业”这些都是和就业有关的。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个好的第一步将是改变学校为年轻人或成年人的生活做准备的方式。A. translate翻译；B. transport运输；C. transform改变；D. transfer转移。根据下文“The education system is becoming less flexible”可知，教育系统正在变得不那么灵活，因此需要改变学校为年轻人或成年人的生活做准备的方式。故选C。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在就业市场朝着相反的方向发展的时候，教育系统却变得不那么灵活，更加坚持传统技能。A. opposite相反的；B. former以前的；C. regular常规的；D. inevitable不可避免的。根据上文“The education system is becoming less flexible”可知，教育系统正在变得不那么灵活，而就业市场却朝着相反的方向发展。故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最好的办法是忘记父母给你的所有建议，站在青少年的立场上。A. take拿走；B. forget忘记；C. recall回忆；D. spoil破坏。根据下文“and step into your teenager’s shoes”可知，要站在孩子的立场上，因此需要忘记父母给的所有建议。故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个几乎没有人享有经济保障的世界里，雄心壮志是不应该浪费的。A. inherit继承；B. keep保持；C. simplify简化；D. waste浪费。根据上文“Give them the courage to follow their dreams”可知，要给他们追求梦想的勇气，因为雄心壮志是不应该浪费的。故选D。 02 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市控江中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语调研卷                                               Our Extraordinary Brains The 1.4-kilogram organ inside each person's head is the most complex part of the human body. This remarkable organ, the brain, not only 16 body movements and shapes people's behavior but also decodes sensory inputs and is the seat of intelligence. These facts have been scientifically proven, but a lot of what we believe about the brain is based on 17 . What percentage of your brain do you actually use? The statistic that has been circulating for about a century is 10 percent, sometimes 20, suggesting that we haven't fully tapped into our full mental 18 . But that is merely a misconception. While our brains do have some reserves, scans have shown that a large portion of our brains are 19 in even the simplest of tasks. If you're artistic, you might   20 that you are mostly drawing upon the right side of your brain. If you're logical, you may have been led to believe you favor your left brain. While both of these hemispheres (脑半球) do exist, one is not considered to be 21 over the other. They are intricately (错综复杂地) connected, with both hemispheres 22 in all mental activities. Parents want “smart” children and perhaps have heard that playing classical music to their unborn child or to their infant increases their chances of being intelligent. However, a (n) 23 analysis of relevant studies fails to establish a direct correlation between brain development and 24 to classical music. Many believe that a person's genes totally determine intelligence. While genetics   25 plays an important role, other factors such as nutrition, education, home environment, and available resources also 26 significantly. The topic of a child's capability to learn multiple languages at the same time has sparked   27 debate. The belief that children will   28 languages and not develop any language properly has been the basis for educational policies for years. 29 to this belief, evidence indicates that young children gain a better knowledge of language structures overall when learning two languages simultaneously. Such myths have persisted for ages, 30 never-ending discussions. Yet one unquestionable truth remains: the brain is truly an amazing organ. 16．A．expands B．initiates C．follows D．reflects 17．A．fiction B．fact C．theory D．statistics 18．A．confusion B．comfort C．capacity D．stability 19．A．engaged B．buried C．wrapped D．absorbed 20．A．guarantee B．indicate C．demonstrate D．assume 21．A．superior B．senior C．dominant D．crucial 22．A．involving B．cooperating C．transforming D．disturbing 23．A．abstract B．comprehensive C．sensitive D．efficient 24．A．exposure B．approach C．objection D．response 25．A．unexpectedly B．exceptionally C．undoubtedly D．continuously 26．A．suffer B．clarify C．contribute D．interact 27．A．outstanding B．considerable C．desperate D．optimistic 28．A．mix up B．give up C．back up D．pick up 29．A．Relevant B．Similar C．Familiar D．Contrary 30．A．submitting B．generating C．indicating D．advocating 【答案】 16．B 17．A 18．C 19．A 20．D 21．C 22．B 23．B 24．A 25．C 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很多关于大脑的虚构看法。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个非凡的器官，大脑，不仅启动身体运动和塑造人们的行为，而且还解码感官输入，是智力的所在地。A. expands扩大；B. initiates开启；C. follows跟随；D. reflects反映。根据下文“body movements”和常识可知人的大脑是启动身体运动的，故选B。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些事实已经得到了科学证明，但我们对大脑的很多看法都是基于虚构的。A. fiction虚构；B. fact事实；C. theory理论；D. statistics统计学。根据上文“These facts have been scientifically proven, but a lot of what we believe about the brain is based on”可知，本句和上文为转折关系，所以设空处和上文的科学证明相反，所以应该是虚构的，故选A。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：已经流传了大约一个世纪的统计数据是10%，有时是20%，这表明我们还没有充分发挥自己的心智能力。A. confusion困惑；B. comfort安慰；C. capacity能力，容量；D. stability稳定。根据上文“What percentage of your brain do you actually use? The statistic that has been circulating for about a century is 10 percent, sometimes 20, suggesting that we haven't fully tapped into our full mental”可知，流传我们的大脑只被使用了10%或者20%，所以说大脑的能力并未得到充分发挥，故选C。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们的大脑确实有一些储备，但扫描显示，即使是最简单的任务，我们大脑的很大一部分也会参与其中。A. engaged参与；B. buried埋藏；C. wrapped包，裹；D. absorbed吸收。根据上文“But that is merely a misconception. While our brains do have some reserves, scans have shown that a large portion of our brains”可知，大脑能力没有得到充分发挥只是一种误解，所以最简单的任务，我们大脑的很大一部分也会参与其中，故选A。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你是艺术家，你可能会认为你主要是在用右脑画画。A. guarantee保证；B. indicate暗示；C. demonstrate证明；D. assume假设，认为。根据下文“If you're logical, you may have been led to believe you favor your left brain.”可知，这里应和believe意思相对应，表示“相信，认为”，故选D。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个大脑半球确实存在，但人们并不认为其中一个半球比另一个半球占优势。A. superior优良的；B. senior地位高的；C. dominant占优势的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据上文“While both of these hemispheres (脑半球) do exist, one is not considered to be”以及下文“They are intricately (错综复杂地) connected, with both hemispheres 　　7　　 in all mental activities.”可知，两个大脑半球是相互合作的，所以人们不认为其中一个半球比另一个半球占优势，故选C。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们错综复杂地联系在一起，两个大脑半球在所有的心理活动中都相互合作。A. involving包含；B. cooperating合作；C. transforming转换；D. disturbing打扰。根据上文“They are intricately (错综复杂地) connected”可知，两个大脑半球错综复杂地联系在一起，所以它们应该相互合作，故选B。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，对相关研究的全面分析未能建立大脑发育与接触古典音乐之间的直接联系。A. abstract抽象的；B. comprehensive全面的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. efficient效率高的。根据上文“Parents want “smart” children and perhaps have heard that playing classical music to their unborn child or to their infant increases their chances of being intelligent.”和下文“relevant studies fails to establish a direct correlation between brain development and 　　9　　 to classical music.”可知，是进行全面的分析之后才能得出结论，故选B。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. exposure接触；B. approach方法；C. objection反对；D. response反应。根据上文“Parents want “smart” children and perhaps have heard that playing classical music to their unborn child or to their infant increases their chances of being intelligent.”可知，应是指研究是有关接触音乐和大脑发育有没有直接的联系，故选A。 25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然遗传无疑起着重要作用，但营养、教育、家庭环境和可用资源等其他因素也起着重要作用。A. unexpectedly未预料到的；B. exceptionally异常地；C. undoubtedly无疑地；D. continuously持续地。根据上文“Many believe that a person's genes totally determine intelligence.”和常识可知，遗传无疑起着重要作用，故选C。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. suffer忍受；B. clarify澄清；C. contribute促成，贡献；D. interact互动。根据本句“While genetics  　　10　　 plays an important role, other factors such as nutrition, education, home environment, and available resources also”可知，上下文是转折关系，营养、教育、家庭环境和可用资源等其他因素也有帮助，故选C。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子同时学习多种语言的能力这个话题引发了相当大的争论。A. outstanding突出的；B. considerable相当大/多的；C. desperate绝望的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据下文“The belief that children will 　　13　　 languages and not develop any language properly has been the basis for educational policies for years. 　　14　　 to this belief, evidence indicates that young children gain a better knowledge of language structures overall when learning two languages simultaneously.”可知，举例两种不同的观点，所以关于这个话题有很多讨论，故选B。 28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：多年来，儿童会混淆语言，无法正确发展任何一门语言的信念一直是教育政策的基础。A. mix up混淆；B. give up放弃；C. back up支持；D. pick up拿起。根据下文“not develop any language properly has been the basis for educational policies”可知，儿童无法正确发展任何一门语言，也就是会混淆语言，故选A。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与这种观点相反，有证据表明，幼儿在同时学习两种语言时，对语言结构的整体认识会更好。A. Relevant相关的；B. Similar相似的；C. Familiar熟悉的；D. Contrary相反的。根据下文“evidence indicates that young children gain a better knowledge of language structures overall when learning two languages simultaneously.”可知，和上文观点相反，故选D。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样的神话已经存在了很长时间，引发了永无止境的讨论。A. submitting提交；B. generating产生，引起；C. producing生产；D. advocating提倡。根据上文“Such myths have persisted for ages”可知，关于大脑的神秘有很多种观点，所以引发了永无止境的讨论，故选B。 03 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市上海中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷 Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple 31 . Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 32 do with it? We gossip. About others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out—and why; how to deal with difficult 33 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues. So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural 34 , of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 35 issues. Dunbar 36 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar— 37 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip. Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 38 of the higher primates(灵长类动物) like monkeys. By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 39 from outside it. As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 40 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 41 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 42 the pressure and calm everybody down. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 43 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 44 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 45 contact. 31．A．gesture B．gossip C．description D．recognition 32．A．occasionally B．habitually C．discreetly D．originally 33．A．historical B．natural C．social D．cultural 34．A．wasters B．users C．masters D．owners 35．A．witty B．vivid C．vital D．worthless 36．A．supposes B．rejects C．highlights D．outlines 37．A．on the contrary B．for instance C．in addition D．as a result 38．A．comprehension B．appearance C．motivation D．behaviour 39．A．contact B．attack C．assistance D．trick 40．A．concludes B．recalls C．requires D．confesses 41．A．protection B．prospect C．responsibility D．promise 42．A．echo B．blame C．ease D．preserve 43．A．established B．extended C．earned D．consumed 44．A．efficient B．scientific C．considerate D．common 45．A．regular B．independent C．widespread D．physical 【答案】 31．B 32．B 33．C 34．A 35．C 36．B 37．A 38．D 39．B 40．A 41．A 42．C 43．B 44．A 45．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们语言的大多数不是重大的话题讨论和研究，而是闲言碎语，而Dunbar教授认为这些闲言碎语不是在浪费时间，而是对语言的发展很重要。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人类对话的三分之二都不是关于文化、政治的话题，也不是我们看过的热门电影和读过的书，而是简单的闲聊。A. gesture姿势；B. gossip闲聊；C. description描述；D. recognition识别。根据后文“We gossip.”的词义复现可知，本文主要讲述关于闲聊的话题，故此处指人类对话的三分之二都是简单的闲聊，故选B。 32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：语言是我们这个物种最宝贵的财富，而我们通常用语言干什么呢？A. occasionally偶尔，不时；B. habitually通常；C. discreetly谨慎地；D. originally原始地。根据前文“Language is our greatest treasure as a species”可知，语言是我们宝贵的财富，我们无时无刻不使用语言，故此处指我们通常用语言来干什么，故选B。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：怎样处理有关孩子、爱人以及同事的复杂社交关系。A. historical历史的；B. natural自然的；C. social社会的；D. cultural文化的。根据空后“involving children, lovers, and colleagues.”可知，涉及到孩子、爱人和同事，这些都是属于社交方面，故选C。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们只是时间和话语的天然浪费者吗？A. wasters浪费者；B. users使用者；C. masters大师；D. owners拥有着。根据空后“of both time and words?”可知，闲聊是一种对时间和语言的浪费，不涉及任何重要的信息，故此处指我们是时间和语言的浪费者。故选A。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在其新书《装扮、闲聊和语言的演化》中，这位心理学家说，闲聊恰恰是最重要的事情之一。A. witty风趣的；B. vivid生动的；C. vital重要的；D. worthless无价值的。根据前文“Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar.”可知，前文反问，我们热衷于八卦是因为我们天生喜欢浪费时间和口舌，还是说只是为了逃避更重要的事？而Professor Robin Dunbar 反对这一观点，故Dunbar教授认为闲聊是很重要的事情，故选C。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dunbar不同意语言是人类在社会发展的早期阶段为了更有效地组织男人的狩猎活动乃至促进有关自身起源和超自然力量的诗歌故事的交流而发展起来的传统看法。A. supposes认为；B. rejects反对，拒绝；C. highlights强调；D. outlines概述。根据后文“Instead he suggests that language evolved among women.”可知，与此相反，他暗示语言是在女人之间演化形成的，故他不同意这个观点，故选B。 37．考查短语词义辨析。句意：正因为我们有说话的能力，所以我们不可以花三分之二的时间去闲聊，Dunbar则争辩道——恰恰相反，他继续说，语言的演化正是为了满足我们闲聊的需要。A. on the contrary相反；B. for instance比如说；C. in addition此外，而且；D. as a result因此。根据空前“We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk”和空后“language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.”可知，空前提到的“我们不可以花三分之二的时间去闲聊”与空后“语言的演化正是为了满足我们闲聊的需要。”为两种相反的观点，故选A。 38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过研究猴子之类的灵长类动物的行为，Dunbar获得了很有趣的理论。A. comprehension理解力；B. appearance外貌；C. motivation动力；D. behaviour行为。根据后文“By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it”可知，猴子通过装扮——梳理清洁皮毛，这是猴子的行为，故选D。 39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：猴子通过装扮——梳理清洁皮毛，与其他个体形成了群组，这样当群组内部发生某种冲突时，或者遭受来自外部的攻击时，他们可以相互支持。A. contact联系，沟通；B. attack攻击；C. assistance帮助；D. trick诡计。根据空前“in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or”可知，故此处应用conflict并列，故指他们在发生冲突，或者受到外部攻击时会相互支持，故选B。 40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dunbar得出结论，鉴于我们人类由灵长类动物的某个特定的分支进化而来， 因此在历史上我们也曾经历过类似阶段。A. concludes得出结论；B. recalls回忆；C. requires要求；D. confesses承认，招供。根据空前“As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family”可知，因为我们人类由灵长类动物的某个特定的分支进化而来，故这使得Dunbar得出结论，在历史上我们也曾经历过类似阶段，故选A。 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：组织在一起才有意义，因为群组越大，它所能提供的保护就越可靠。A. protection保护；B. prospect前景；C. responsibility责任；D. promise承诺。根据前文“monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support”可知，猴子通过形成群组而相互支持，故此处指群组越大，提供的保护就越可靠，故选A。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，群组越大，和他人紧密生活在一起的压力也越大。装扮会帮助缓解压力，平复每个人的情绪。A. echo发出回声；B. blame责备；C. ease减轻，缓解；D. preserve保护；根据前文“the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others.”可知，群组越大，和他人紧密生活在一起的压力也越大，故装扮会帮助缓解压力，故选C。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着群组变得越来越大，为了维持其效能，用在装扮活动上的时间也要延长。A. established建立；B. extended延长；C. earned获得；D. consumed消费。根据前文“as the groups got bigger and bigger”可知，随着群组变得越来越大，那么花在装扮活动上的时间就越长，故此处指需要延长这些时间，故选B。 44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，需要一种更有效的装扮形式，由此语言作为一种有声的装扮形式应运而生，它允许人们通过在一个更宽的个体网络上交换信息，与较以往更大的群组发展关系，这种方式比一对一的身体接触方式更有可能实现。A. efficient有效率的；B. scientific科学的；C. considerate考虑周到的，体贴的；D. common常见的。根据前文“But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 　　13　　 to maintain its effectiveness.”可知，但随着群组变得越来越大，为了维持其效能，用在装扮活动上的时间也要延长，因此也就需要更有效的装扮方式，故选A。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. regular有规律的；B. independent独立的；C. widespread广泛的；D. physical身体上的。根据前文“By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 　　9　　 from outside it.”可知，猴子通过相互整理毛发这一过程中结成群体，获取帮助和支持。而随着群体规模的扩大，一对一地梳理毛发这以形式不再适应现实，语言作为一种有声的形式应运而生，故此处指相互整理毛发这一身体上的接触的行为，故选D。 04 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题 Today’s youth will drive tomorrow’s growth. Young people have always confused their elders. Today’s youngsters are no different. They have thin wallets but 46 tastes. They long for authenticity while being constantly immersed in an artificial digital world. They 47 convenience and abundance. As they start spending in earnest, brands are trying to understand what these walking paradoxes (悖论) 48 and how they shop. The answers will define the next era of consumerism. A good place to start analyzing the psyche of young consumer is to consider the 49 that has shaped them. At one end of the scale, today’s 30-somethings came of age in the midst of the global financial crisis of 2007-2009. Their younger peers were slightly 50 , beginning their careers in years when tightening labour markets had pushed up wages until the covid-19 pandemic turned many of their lives upside down. These two big 51 have contributed to pessimism among the young people who experienced them. A study found a widespread 52 among Gen Zs that they would be able to afford to retire. Less than half believed they would ever own a home. In many ways youngsters’ shopping habits, like their lives, are defined by the “ 53 economy”. The popularity of social media means there are many new ways of attracting consumers’ eyeballs. Most young shoppers never knew a world without smartphones. More than two-thirds of 18- to 34-year-old Americans spend four hours or more on their devices each day. These “always-on purchasers” often avoid a weekly shop so that they can have quicker 54 of everything from fashion to furniture. They like subscriptions, often favoring shared access to products over outright ownership, which has 55 online-rental sites and streaming services. The internet has also changed how the young discover brands. Print, billboard or TV advertising has 56 social media. Instagram and TikTok are where the young look for inspiration, particularly for goods where 57 matter, such as beauty, fashion, and sportswear. 58 physical shops are not entirely out of favor. They can be successful as long as the experience feels personal and, ideally, integrates virtual and physical worlds. How the young shop is clearly shifting. What they buy, too, is changing. What older generations consider optional, such as wellness and luxury, has become 59 for the young. More broadly, young consumers claim to be more 60 than previous generations. Some of these values are centered around identity (race, gender and so on). Others stem from things the young care about, such as climate change. 46．A．pleasant B．expensive C．mild D．refreshing 47．A．prize B．boast C．mix D．challenge 48．A．recycle B．desire C．deliver D．package 49．A．education B．institution C．family D．economy 50．A．busier B．luckier C．stronger D．calmer 51．A．reforms B．ends C．trends D．shocks 52．A．doubt B．opposition C．criticism D．ignorance 53．A．bubble B．attention C．knowledge D．green 54．A．refunds B．possessions C．fixes D．trials 55．A．approved B．facilitated C．reversed D．updated 56．A．made peace with B．made up for C．run parallel to D．given way to 57．A．looks B．scents C．textures D．atmospheres 58．A．However B．Hence C．Apparently D．Otherwise 59．A．souvenirs B．essentials C．memories D．treasures 60．A．dream-connected B．hobbies-motivated C．values-driven D．money-focused 【答案】 46．B 47．A 48．B 49．D 50．B 51．D 52．A 53．B 54．C 55．B 56．D 57．A 58．A 59．B 60．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了年轻人的购物方式和购买物品的变化原因、影响和表现。 46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们钱包很薄，但品味昂贵。A. pleasant令人愉快的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. mild温和的；D. refreshing令人耳目一新的。根据前文的“They have thin wallets”和表示转折的连词but可知，他们钱很少，但是喜欢的东西很昂贵。故选B项。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们看重便利和富足。A. prize珍视，看重；B. boast自夸；C. mix混合；D. challenge挑战。根据后文的“convenience and abundance”可知，他们看重便利和富足。故选A项。 48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着他们开始认真消费，各大品牌正试图了解这些“行走的悖论”想要什么，以及他们的购物方式。A. recycle回收；B. desire渴望，期望；C. deliver交付；D. package包裹。根据前文的“brands are trying to understand”可知，各大品牌试图了解这些年轻人想要什么，以便卖给他们。故选B项。 49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：分析年轻消费者心理的一个好地方是考虑影响他们的经济。A. education教育；B. institution机构；C. family家族；D. economy经济。根据后文的“At one end of the scale, today’s 30-somethings came of age in the midst of the global financial crisis of 2007-2009. Their younger peers were slightly 5 , beginning their careers in years when tightening labour markets had pushed up wages until the covid-19 pandemic turned many of their lives upside down.”可知，这是对影响年轻消费者经济的具体分析，所以分析年轻消费者心理的一个好地方是考虑影响他们的经济。故选D项。 50．考查查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的年轻一代人稍微幸运一些，在他们开始职业生涯的几年里，劳动力市场紧缩推高了工资，直到covid-19大流行把他们的许多生活弄得天翻地覆。A. busier更忙的；B. luckier更幸运的；C. stronger更强的；D. calmer更冷静的。根据后文的“beginning their careers in years when tightening labour markets had pushed up wages”可知，劳动力市场紧缩推高了工资，所以这一代人更幸运。故选B项。 51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这两大冲击加剧了经历过它们的年轻人的悲观情绪。A. reforms改革；B. ends末端；C. trends趋势；D. shocks冲击。根据前文的“tightening labour markets had pushed up wages until the covid-19 pandemic turned many of their lives upside down.”可知，推高了工资和covid-19大流行是对经历过它们的年轻人的两大冲击。故选D项。 52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项研究发现，Z代人普遍怀疑自己是否能负担得起退休生活。A. doubt怀疑；B. opposition反对；C. criticism批评；D. ignorance无知。根据前文的“have contributed to pessimism among the young people who experienced them”可知，这些年轻人悲观，所以怀疑自己是否能负担得起退休生活。故选A项。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在许多方面，年轻人的购物习惯，就像他们的生活一样，是由“注意力经济”决定的。A. bubble气泡；B. attention注意；C. knowledge知识；D. green绿色。根据后文的“The popularity of social media means there are many new ways of attracting consumers’ eyeballs.”可知，这些吸引消费者眼球的新方法之所以出现，是因为年轻人的购物习惯是由“注意力经济”决定的。故选B项。 54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些“永远在线的买家”通常避免每周购物，这样他们就可以更快地解决从时装到家具的所有东西。A. refunds退款；B. possessions财产；C. fixes解决方法；D. trials试验。根据后文的“everything from fashion to furniture”可知，这些“永远在线的买家”通过在线购物，拥有生活中需要的东西，不需要每周购物。故选C项。 55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们喜欢订阅，通常更喜欢分享产品的使用权，而不是完全拥有，这促进了在线租赁网站和流媒体服务。A. approved批准；B. facilitated促进，助长；C. reversed颠倒；D. updated更新。根据前文的“often favoring shared access to products over outright ownership”和后文“online-rental sites and streaming services.”可知，他们通常更喜欢分享产品的使用权，而不是完全拥有，这种做法促进了在线租赁网站和流媒体服务的发展。故选B项。 56．考查动词短语辨析。句意：印刷、广告牌或电视广告已经与社交媒体并驾齐驱。A. made peace with与……讲和；B. made up for弥补；C. run parallel to与……平行；D. given way to让位给。根据前文的“The internet has also changed how the young discover brands. Print, billboard or TV advertising”和后文“social media”可知，互联网的发展，使得年轻人发现品牌的方式发生变化，印刷、广告牌、电视广告、社交媒体这些都是发现品牌的方式。故选D项。 57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Instagram和TikTok是年轻人寻找灵感的地方，尤其是那些外表重要的商品，比如美容、时尚和运动服。A. looks外表；B. scents气味；C. textures口感；D. atmospheres气氛。根据后文的“such as beauty, fashion, and sportswear. ”可知，美容、时尚和运动服，这些都是与外表相关的东西。故选A项。 58．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，实体店并非完全不受欢迎。A. However然而；B. Hence因此；C. Apparently显然；D. Otherwise否则。根据前文的“The internet has also changed how the young discover brands.”和后文“physical shops are not entirely out of favor”可知，这两句存在转折关系，互联网改变了年轻人发现品牌的方式，然而，实体店并非完全不受欢迎。故选A项。 59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：健康和奢侈等老一辈人认为可有可无的东西，已成为年轻人的必需品。A. souvenirs纪念品；B. essentials必需品；C. memories记忆；D. treasures珍宝。根据前文的“What they buy, too, is changing. What older generations consider optional”可知，年轻人买的东西也在变化。健康和奢侈等老一辈人认为可有可无的东西，对于年轻人是必需品。故选B项。 60．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更广泛地说，年轻消费者声称比前几代人更受价值观驱动。A. dream-connected与梦想相连的；B. hobbies-motivated激发兴趣爱好的；C. values-driven价值观驱动的；D. money-focused以资金为中心的。根据后文的“Some of these values are centered around identity (race, gender and so on). Others stem from things the young care about, such as climate change.”可知，其中一些价值观以身份(种族、性别等)为中心。另一些则源于年轻人关心的事情，比如气候变化。所以，年轻消费者声称比前几代人更受价值观驱动。故选C项。 05 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages co herent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市朱家角中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题 How Coronavirus Is Changing the Dating Game for the Better If you are single and dating, you are no doubt facing special challenges during this pandemic. But as a biological anthropologist (人类学家) who has spent some 40 years studying romantic love around the world and the brain activity of this ancient and universal human passion, I have come to recognize that in some ways, coronavirus has given you a 61 . Foremost, coronavirus has 62 things down. This pandemic has forced singles to return to a more traditional 63 : getting to know someone before falling in love. I am hopeful that the 64 mode of dating will give singles additional time to select a truly appropriate mate as well as enable romance to develop slowly — even flourish long term. Let’s look at some of the ways in which coronavirus has changed the dating game, and how those changes might provide some lasting benefits. Video Chats Are In During the second weekend of April, dating site Match.com asked members several questions about how they have changed their courtship habits since the world shut down. An astonishing 6,004 men and women 65 . And they are doing something new: video chatting. Before COVID-19, only six percent of these singles were using video chatting to court. Now, 69 percent are 66 to video chatting with a potential partner. And there are some real advantages to seeing these potential partners on FaceTime, Zoom, or some other internet 67 . We are walking billboards of who we are. Your haircut (or lack of haircut during these pandemic times), your preppy shirt, your revealing blouse ... All these and many more visible traits (特质) signal your 68 , education, and interests. 69 , specific brain regions respond almost 70 to assess two things about a likely mate: their personality and their physical appeal. We do this within seconds of seeing him or her. Time to Talk During the coronavirus lockdowns, many of you now have more time. You are not 71 in the morning, commuting to work, or meeting pals after office hours. Many of you have more time to talk. 72 , you have something important to talk about. During this pandemic, singles are likely to share far more 73 thoughts of fear and hope - and get to know vital things about a potential partner fast. Psychologists report that this 74 — the process of disclosing one’s innermost feelings, attitudes and experiences - promotes closeness, love and 75 . These are the foundation stones of a strong partnership. 61．A．concern B．gift C．theory D．promise 62．A．tied B．torn C．worn D．slowed 63．A．circle B．ceremony C．pattern D．method 64．A．rediscovered B．efficient C．creative D．unwanted 65．A．agreed B．declined C．replied D．engaged 66．A．linked B．open C．limited D．reduced 67．A．platform B．website C．connection D．access 68．A．experience B．taste C．partner D．background 69．A．Indeed B．Therefore C．Also D．However 70．A．completely B．instantly C．positively D．appropriately 71．A．dressing B．studying C．oversleeping D．video-chatting 72．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Moreover 73．A．meaningful B．comforting C．disturbing D．immediate 74．A．self-improvement B．self-reflection C．self-consciousness D．self-revelation 75．A．commitment B．favor C．partnership D．confidence 【答案】 61．B 62．D 63．C 64．A 65．C 66．B 67．A 68．D 69．A 70．B 71．A 72．D 73．A 74．D 75．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了疫情如何让我们的爱情变得更美好，因为疫情改变了人们约会的方式，从而使得爱情更为长久稳固。 61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但作为一名生物人类学家，我花了大约40年的时间研究世界各地的浪漫爱情，以及这种古老而普遍的人类激情的大脑活动，我开始认识到，在某些方面，冠状病毒给了你一份礼物。A. concern担忧；B. gift礼物；C. theory理论；D. promise承诺。根据下文“Let’s look at some of the ways in which coronavirus has changed the dating game, and how those changes might provide some lasting benefits.”可知，文章主要讲述的是冠状病毒给爱情带来的好处。故选B。 62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，冠状病毒减缓了这一进程。A. tied系；B. torn撕；C. worn穿；D. slowed减慢。根据下文的“getting to know someone before falling in love.”可知，疫情使得人们能够有充足的时间了解对方，所以冠状病毒减缓了人们陷入爱河的进程。故选D。 63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场大流行迫使单身人士回归到一种更传统的方式：在坠入爱河之前先了解对方。A. circle圆圈；B. ceremony仪式；C. pattern模式；D. method方法。根据“getting to know someone before falling in love.”可知，这是一种更为传统的模式。故选C。 64．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望这种重新发现的约会模式会给单身人士更多的时间来选择一个真正合适的伴侣，并使爱情慢慢发展——甚至长期繁荣。A. rediscovered重新发现的；B. efficient效率高的；C. creative有创造力的；D. unwanted不需要的。根据上文的“getting to know someone before falling in love.”可知，作者认为冠状病毒迫使人们有了了解对方的机会，也就是重新发现对方的各个方面的机会。故选A。 65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，有6004名男女回答了这个问题。A. agreed同意；B. declined下降、婉拒；C. replied回复；D. engaged从事、订婚。根据上文“During the second weekend of April, dating site Match.com asked members several questions about how they have changed their courtship habits since the world shut down.”可知，婚恋网站Match.com向会员询问了几个问题，因此是6004名男女回答了这个问题。故选C。 66．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，69%的人愿意与潜在伴侣视频聊天。A. linked连接的；B. open打开的、开放的；C. limited有限的；D. reduced减少的。根据上文“Before COVID-19, only six percent of these singles were using video chatting to court.”可知，在COVID-19之前，只有6%的单身人士使用视频聊天来谈情说爱。而作为对比，现在有更多的人会选择与潜在伴侣视频聊天。故选B。 67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在FaceTime、Zoom或其他互联网平台上看到这些潜在的合作伙伴确实有一些好处。A. platform平台；B. website网站；C. connection联系；D. access进入。根据空前所举的“FaceTime, Zoom”可知，这些都是社交平台。故选A。 68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些以及更多明显的特征都表明了你的背景、教育和兴趣。A. experience经历；B. taste品尝；C. partner搭档；D. background背景。根据上文的“Your haircut (or lack of haircut during these pandemic times), your preppy shirt, your revealing blouse”可知，你的发型(或者在疫情期间不剪头发)，你的学院风衬衫，你的暴露衬衫都在告知对方你的背景等等信息。故选D。 69．考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，特定的大脑区域几乎会立即做出反应，以评估潜在伴侣的两件事：他们的个性和外表吸引力。A. Indeed的确，实际上；B. Therefore因此；C. Also也；D. However然而。根据下文“specific brain regions respond almost ____10____ to assess two things about a likely mate: their personality and their physical appeal.”可知，这是对上文内容的再次肯定。故选A。 70．考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，特定的大脑区域几乎会立即做出反应，以评估潜在伴侣的两件事：他们的个性和外表吸引力。A. completely完全地；B. instantly立即；C. positively积极地；D. appropriately恰当地。根据下文“We do this within seconds of seeing him or her.”可知，这是在看见潜在伴侣的几秒钟之内做出的反应，所以是立即做出反应。故选B。 71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你不用在早上穿着打扮，不用上班，也不用下班后和朋友见面。A. dressing穿衣、打扮；B. studying学习；C. oversleeping睡过头；D. video-chatting视频聊天。根据常理推断，由于不需要外出上班，所以无需穿衣打扮。故选A。 72．考查副词词义辨析。句意：而且，你们有重要的事情要谈。A. Instead反而；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Moreover此外。根据上文“Many of you have more time to talk.”以及下文“you have something important to talk about.”可知，下文是上文内容的补充。故选D。 73．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这次大流行期间，单身人士可能会分享更有意义的恐惧和希望的想法，并迅速了解潜在伴侣的重要情况。A. meaningful有意义的；B. comforting令人欣慰的；C. disturbing令人不安的；D. immediate立即。根据状语“During this pandemic”可知，在疫情期间，谈论恐惧和希望更具有意义。故选A。 74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家报告说，这种自我表露——揭示一个人内心深处的感受、态度和经历的过程——促进了亲密、爱和承诺。A. self-improvement自我提升；B. self-reflection自我反省；C. self-consciousness自我意识；D. self-revelation自我表露。根据下文“the process of disclosing one’s innermost feelings, attitudes and experiences”可知，这是一种自我表露的过程。故选D。 75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家报告说，这种自我表露——揭示一个人内心深处的感受、态度和经历的过程——促进了亲密、爱和承诺。 A. commitment承诺、献身；B. favor偏爱、特权；C. partnership合伙人身份；D. confidence信心。根据下文“These are the foundation stones of a strong partnership.”可知，空处是亲密关系的基石，所以应该是承诺。故选A。 06 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市浦东区南汇中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末练习英语 The serious business of being a social influencer This week China promised a tax-evasion punishment on social-media influencers, who are paid by brands to promote products online to their followers. The size of that levy (征收税) shows the 76 scale of the industry, which accounts for 12% of online sales in China. Outside China, influencers are also likely to have a(n) 77 role in e-commerce. For all firms with brands, it is time to realize that influencing is more than just a hobby. The use of personal endorsements used to be about 78 existing celebrity power. For example, Michael Jordan’s deal in 1984 with Nike revolutionized both basketball and branding. Influencers turn the logic on its head: selling things helps make them more famous. Through clipped videos and filtered photos they offer recommendations to consumers, together with glimpses into their daily lives to increase the 79 . Total spending on influencers by brands could reach $16bn this year. The number of wannabe influencers outside China is in the millions. 80 , only under 100,000 of them get most profit. Their staying power suggests that they add value in several ways. Influencers’ networks reach new audiences, 81 younger shoppers. And influencers are 82 proficient in a way that old-style brand ambassadors never were. They can quickly 83 and utilize newer platforms like TikTok. Yet one-third of brands do not use influencers. They worry about their reputation. Despite the risk, ignoring influencers is a mistake. Their 84 of digital advertising budgets is still low at 3%, but it is rising fast. The 85 between entertainment and e-commerce is becoming unclear. The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s—ads targeted through Google and Facebook—is under threat as new privacy standards make it harder to 86 potential customers. To make full use of influencers, brands should set a clear strategy. They should expect more regulation on consumer protection. The guiding 87 should be to use only influencers who disclose to their audiences that their posts are paid. Brands should also 88 new analytical tools that help them measure the performance of influencers. These tools should help to 89 the cheat from the stars. It used to be said that only half of all advertising spending worked, but it was impossible to know which half. Now brands can control only half of what influencers say, but they may be able to calculate 100% of the 90 they add. 76．A．abnormal B．narrow C．large D．intangible 77．A．enduring B．insignificant C．typical D．useless 78．A．giving rise to B．taking advantage of C．putting aside D．looking forward to 79．A．assessment B．credibility C．contrast D．influence 80．A．however B．likewise C．moreover D．consequently 81．A．as well as B．additionally C．eventually D．particularly 82．A．economically B．socially C．technologically D．fundamentally 83．A．come across B．adapt to C．take up D．bring about 84．A．share B．profit C．occurrence D．impact 85．A．cooperation B．conflict C．borderline D．transformation 86．A．recommend to B．set about C．turn away D．spy on 87．A．reform B．discipline C．principle D．concept 88．A．embrace B．evaluate C．advertise D．question 89．A．ban B．defend C．shelter D．distinguish 90．A．value B．potential C．damage D．risks 【答案】 76．C 77．A 78．B 79．B 80．A 81．C 82．D 83．B 84．A 85．D 86．C 87．B 88．A 89．C 90．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了成为一个网红是一件严肃的事情。 76．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一征税规模显示了该行业的庞大规模，占中国在线销售额的12%。A. abnormal不正常的；B. narrow狭窄的；C. large大的；D. intangible难以形容的。根据“Viya, known as the live-streaming queen, has already been fined $210m for not declaring her income.(被称为“直播女王”的薇娅已经因未申报收入被罚款2.1亿美元。)”可知，薇娅被罚地税款显示了网红这一行业征税的庞大规模。故选C。 77．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在中国之外，网红也可能在电子商务中发挥持久的作用。A. enduring持久的；B. insignificant不重要的；C. typical典型的；D. useless没有用的。根据下文“For all firms with brands, it is time to realize that influencing is more than just a hobby.( 对于所有拥有品牌的公司来说，是时候意识到影响力不仅仅是一种爱好了。)”和下文的“Their staying power”可知，网红的影响力不仅仅是一种爱好，也可能在电子商务中发挥持久的作用。故选A。 78．考查动词短语辨析。句意：过去，利用个人代言是利用现有的名人影响力。A. giving rise to引起，导致；B. taking advantage of充分利用；C. putting aside放在一边；D. looking forward to期待。根据下文“For example, Michael Jordan’s deal in 1984 with Nike revolutionized both basketball and branding.(例如，1984年迈克尔·乔丹与耐克的交易在篮球和品牌方面都发生了革命性的变化。)”可知，过去，是利用现有的名人影响力进行代言。故选B。 79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过剪辑的视频和经过滤镜处理的照片，他们向消费者提供建议，并让他们了解他们的日常生活，以增加可信度。A. assessment评价；B. credibility可信度，可靠性；C. contrast对比；D. influence影响。根据“together with glimpses into their daily lives”可知，网红通过让网民了解他们的生活增加可信度。故选B。 80．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，其中只有不到10万人获得了最大的利润。A. however然而；B. likewise同样地；C. moreover此外；D. consequently因此。上文提到“The number of wannabe influencers outside China is in the millions.(在中国以外，想要成为网红的人的数量以百万计。)”，下文提到“only under 100,000 of them get most profit.(其中只有不到10万人获得了最大的利润。)”，上下文之间形成转折关系。故选A。 81．考查固定短语和副词词义辨析。句意：网红的网络覆盖了新的受众，最终是更年轻的购物者。A. as well as也，和……一样；B. additionally另外；C. eventually最终；D. particularly尤其，特别。根据“Influencers’ networks reach new audiences”可知，网红覆盖的新受众最终是更年轻的购物者。故选C。 82．考查副词词义辨析。句意：网红在资金方面的精通程度是旧式品牌大使根本不具备的。A. economically经济地；B. socially社会上；C. technologically技术上地；D. fundamentally根本性地。根据“They can quickly 　　8　　 and utilize newer platforms like TikTok.”可知，网红在资金方面的精通程度是旧式品牌大使根本不具备的。故选D。 83．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们可以迅速适应和利用抖音等更新的平台。A. come across偶然遇见；B. adapt to适应；C. take up占据，从事；D. bring about带来，引起。根据“newer platforms like TikTok”可知，他们可以迅速适应抖音等更新的平台。故选B。 84．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们在数字广告预算中的份额仍然很低，只有3%，但正在迅速上升。A. share股份，份额；B. profit利润；C. occurrence发生；D. impact影响。根据“digital advertising budgets is still low at 3%”可知，网红在数字广告预算中的份额仍然很低。故选A。 85．考查名词词义辨析。句意：娱乐和电子商务之间的转变正变得不明朗。A. cooperation合作；B. conflict冲突，争端；C. borderline边界线；D. transformation转变。根据下文“The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s—ads targeted through Google and Facebook—is under threat as new privacy standards make it harder to 　　11　　 potential customers.”可知，娱乐平台和电子商务之间的转变变得不明朗。故选D。 86．考查动词短语辨析。句意：2010年最流行的营销策略——通过谷歌和Facebook定向投放广告——正面临威胁，因为新的隐私标准使其更难拒绝潜在客户。A. recommend to向……推荐；B. set about着手做；C. turn away拒绝……进入；D. spy on侦察，探听。根据“The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s—ads targeted through Google and Facebook”可知，一些娱乐平台通过定向投放广告给用户，使其更难拒绝潜在客户。故选C。 87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：指导原则应该是只使用那些向受众披露帖子有报酬的网红。A. reform改革；B. discipline纪律；C. principle原则；D. concept概念。根据“They should expect more regulation on consumer protection.”可知，空处和“regulation”对应，应选择“principle”。故选B。 88．考查动词词义辨析。句意：品牌还应该采用新的分析工具，帮助他们衡量网红的表现。A. embrace欣然接受，乐意采纳；B. evaluate评价；C. advertise做广告；D. question询问，质疑。根据“new analytical tools”可知，品牌还应该采用新的分析工具。故选A。 89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些工具应该可以帮助人们远离明星的欺骗。A. ban禁止；B. defend防御；C. shelter躲避，庇护；D. distinguish区分，辨别。根据“the cheat from the stars”可知，这些工具帮助消费者远离明星的欺骗。故选C。 90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，品牌只能控制网红半数的言论，但它们或许能计算出网红所造成的100%损害。A. value价值；B. potential潜力；C damage损害，破坏；D. risks风险。根据上文“Now brands can control only half of what influencers say, but”可知，现在的品牌也许能计算出网红造成的伤害。故选C。 07 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷 The announcement of school closures is typically met with a high degree of emotion and concern. In Philadelphia, the proposal has also been met with plenty of 91 , from the formation of flash mobs (快闪族) to marches throughout the city. 92 , district officials assert that closing schools in one of the largest school districts in the country is the only way to balance a school budget in hard times. According to a report in the Philadelphia Public Schools Notebook, district superintendent William Hite has recommended the closure of 37 city schools. Hite has claimed that the closures are a necessary step toward 93 the school district a significant amount of money. The district estimates the closures would result in savings of around $28 million annually. It would also be a 94 move toward a more competitive school system since more resources could be poured into the remaining schools. However, opponents to the closure plan say the savings to the district would be 95 since district officials were not currently factoring in the cost of 96 and transition expenses. Protesters also note that the closures could 97 additional charter school (特许学校) growth, which had already taken a significant bite out of the school district’s budget. Students and parents of the schools cited for closure also voice concern that taking away neighborhood schools would take away the safe havens (避难所) that many students have come to think of as 98 away from home. Activists opposed to the school closures have organized into 99 groups with an impressive presence in the City of Brotherly Love. The Philadelphia Student Union, a student organization created in 1995 to empower students throughout the city, has taken on the school closure cause, 100 visible protests in the city. Another group, the Philadelphia Coalition Advocating for Public Schools, has also 101 the cause. This organization includes the city’s 102 union, which is also opposed to the proposed school closures. The organizations have joined other groups of students, parents, and educators to make their voices known throughout the school districts. Through a variety of protests as well as attendance at public meetings, protesters have become a visible presence on the 103 of school closures in Philadelphia. Their size and emotion have not gone 104 by district officials, who have been 105 to listen to the opposition as they cope with the possibility of closing Philadelphia Public Schools. 91．A．participants B．onlookers C．protests D．respondents 92．A．Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Besides 93．A．earning B．collecting C．depositing D．saving 94．A．controversial B．risky C．positive D．dumb 95．A．encouraging B．minimal C．optimal D．undeniable 96．A．college B．living C．transportation D．business 97．A．assess B．control C．fuel D．sustain 98．A．homes B．schools C．districts D．accommodations 99．A．invisible B．mistakable C．identifiable D．favorable 100．A．staging B．ignoring C．hiding D．prohibiting 101．A．found fault with B．taken advantage of C．signed up for D．thrown light on 102．A．closures B．schools C．teachers D．students 103．A．basis B．issue C．fulfillment D．number 104．A．identified B．unnoticed C．selected D．demonstrated 105．A．smart B．reluctant C．hesitant D．willing 【答案】 91．C 92．B 93．D 94．C 95．B 96．C 97．C 98．A 99．C 100．A 101．C 102．C 103．B 104．B 105．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学校关闭的宣布通常会引起高度的情绪和关注，在费城，这项提议也遭遇了大量的抗议，从快闪族到全城游行。 91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在费城，这项提议也遭遇了大量的抗议，从快闪族到全城游行。A. participants参与者；B. onlookers旁观者；C. protests抗议；D. respondents受访者。根据上文“The announcement of school closures is typically met with a high degree of emotion and concern.”可知，学校关闭的宣布通常会引起高度的情绪和关注，所以这项提议遭遇了大量的抗议。故选C。 92．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，地区官员声称，在这个全国最大的学区之一，关闭学校是在困难时期平衡学校预算的唯一方法。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Besides此外。根据语境可知，前后句意存在转折关系，应用转折副词however。故选B。 93．考查动词词义辨析。句意：海特声称，关闭学校是为学区节省大量资金的必要步骤。A. earning赚钱；B. collecting收集；C. depositing沉积；D. saving节省。根据下文“The district estimates the closures would result in savings of around $28 million annually.”可知，此处指为学区节省大量资金。故选D。 94．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这也将是朝着更具竞争力的教育系统迈出的积极一步，因为更多的资源可以投入剩余的学校。A. controversial有争议的；B. risky有风险的；C. positive积极的；D. dumb哑的。根据下文“a more competitive school system since more resources could be poured into the remaining schools.”可知，此处指迈出积极的一步。故选C。 95．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，反对关闭计划的人表示，由于地区官员目前没有考虑交通和过渡费用，因此给该地区节省的成本将是微乎其微的。A. encouraging鼓舞人心的；B. minimal极少的；C. optimal最佳的；D. undeniable不可否认的。根据下文“since district officials were not currently factoring in the cost of 　　6　　 and transition expenses.”可知，此处指给该地区节省的成本将是微乎其微的。故选B。 96．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，反对关闭计划的人表示，由于地区官员目前没有考虑交通和过渡费用，因此给该地区节省的成本将是微乎其微的。A. college学院；B. living生活；C. transportation交通；D. business业务。根据语境及常识可知，关闭学校，意味着学生需要去其他地方上学，会产生额外的交通费用。故选C。 97．考查动词词义辨析。句意：抗议者还指出，关闭学校可能会刺激附加特许学校的进一步增长，特许学校的增长已经大大削减了学区的预算。A. assess评估；B. control控制；C. fuel刺激；D. sustain维持。根据上文“According to a report in the Philadelphia Public Schools Notebook, district superintendent William Hite has recommended the closure of 37 city schools.”及常识可知，大量关闭学校可能会刺激附加特许学校的进一步增长。注：特许学校是由公共教育经费支持，由教师团体、社区组织、学生家长、企业集团或个人开办并管理，在相当程度上独立于学区（美国公立学校系统的基层管理机构）的一种新型学校。故选C。 98．考查名词词义辨析。句意：被要求关闭的学校的学生和家长也表达了他们的担忧，他们担心拆除附近的学校会带走很多学生认为是离家之家的避风港。 A. homes家；B. schools学校；C. districts地区；D. accommodations住宿。根据上文“neighborhood schools”及下文“away from home”可知，很多学生把附近的学校当作了离家后的第二个家园。故选A。 99．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：反对关闭学校的活动人士组成了可识别的团体，在这座兄弟之爱的城市中存在着令人印象深刻的存在。A. invisible隐形的；B. mistakable易误解的；C. identifiable可识别的；D. favorable有利的。根据下文“The Philadelphia Student Union”及“Another group, the Philadelphia Coalition Advocating for Public Schools”可知，这些是可识别的团体。故选C。 100．考查动词词义辨析。句意：成立于1995年的费城学生联合会是一个学生组织，旨在赋予全市学生权力，该组织已经承担起关闭学校的责任，在全市举行了明显的抗议活动。A. staging举行；B. ignoring忽略；C. hiding隐藏；D. prohibiting禁止。根据上文“has taken on the school closure cause”及下文“visible protests in the city.”可知，费城学生联合会承担起关闭学校的责任，在全市举行了明显的抗议活动。故选A。 101．考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一个组织，费城公立学校倡导联盟也报名参加了这项运动。A. found fault with对……吹毛求疵；B. taken advantage of利用；C. signed up for报名参加；D. thrown light on使……显得清楚。根据上文“The Philadelphia Student Union, a student organization created in 1995 to empower students throughout the city, has taken on the school closure cause, 　　10　　 visible protests in the city.”及空前“has also”可知，费城公立学校倡导联盟也报名参加了这项运动。故选C。 102．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个组织包括该市的教师工会，他们也反对关闭学校的提议。A. closures封闭；B. schools学校；C. teachers教师；D. students学生。根据上文“The Philadelphia Student Union, a student organization created in 1995 to empower students throughout the city”及“Another group, the Philadelphia Coalition Advocating for Public Schools”及常识可知，费城学生联合会是学生组织，费城公立学校倡导联盟则是学校联盟，应该包括该市的教师工会。故选C。 103．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过各种抗议活动以及出席公共会议，抗议者已经成为费城学校关闭问题的一个明显存在。A. basis依据；B. issue问题；C. fulfillment履行；D. number编号。根据语境可知，此处指费城学校关闭问题。故选B。 104．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的规模和情绪并没有被地区官员忽视，他们在应对费城公立学校关闭的可能性时，一直愿意听取反对派的意见。A. identified被识别的；B. unnoticed被忽视的；C. selected被选定的；D. demonstrated被证明的。根据下文“who have been 　　　 to listen to the opposition as they cope with the possibility of closing Philadelphia Public Schools.”可知，抗议者们的规模和情绪并没有被地区官员忽视。故选B。 105．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的规模和情绪并没有被地区官员忽视，他们在应对费城公立学校关闭的可能性时，一直愿意听取反对派的意见。A. smart聪明的；B. reluctant不情愿的；C. hesitant犹豫的；D. willing愿意的。根据上文“Their size and emotion have not gone 　　　 by district officials”可知，抗议者们的规模和情绪并没有被地区官员忽视，他们一直愿意听取反对派的意见。故选D。 08 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市青浦高级中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末线上质量检测英语试卷 When looking at ways to expand your business, does it make sense to go global? The answer is yes — expanding to international markets helps companies grow, increases buying power and diversifies market opportunities. It better prepares the company for changes in the 106 economy. It can result in increased profits, a diverse customer base and improved stability. Before the pandemic, 107 expansion almost always meant international travel. 108 bias (偏见) in some countries historically made business expansion difficult for women, and international travel can 109 the delicate work-life balance entrepreneurs (企业家) of both sexes strive to maintain. The Covid-19 pandemic 110 global e-commerce and opportunities. The world is conducting business 111 with far more success than anticipated. This shift to business by the internet presents tremendous global opportunities for women as it effectively makes the situation 112 . Conducting business on the internet 113 the complications of gender, race, religion, color and lifestyle, simplifying business down to the principles of supply and demand. This opens more doors for growth and enables entrepreneurs to study potential markets and the buyer’s journey from the 114 of their own office. So, how can you accomplish successful international expansion? First, identify your target market, and then develop an inbound marketing strategy. This involves providing all the information your target consumers need on your 115 so consumers can find you and research the answers to their initial questions on their own. With a defined inbound strategy, well-written content and social media outreach, you can bring 116 buyers to you instead of continually searching for new buyers. A vital part of your global inbound (归本国的) marketing strategy will be to translate important information from your website into your target consumer’s native language. Even if your target consumers are multilingual, most would 117 to buy from sites that provide information in their native language. Then how can you develop your inbound marketing strategy? The first step is to select a market that 118 your company goals and marketing strategy. Choose one country, one language, and develop a multilingual marketing strategy that defines your goals and prepares you to connect with prospective buyers. Once you create the plan and process for the first country, you can copy it when you’re ready to expand into 119 markets. You might believe that your business is too small to get involved with 120 — but consider this: When you make use of the power of the internet, it doesn’t matter if your company is large or small. The key is to shift your focus from outbound to inbound marketing — and bring buyers to you. 106．A．present B．domestic C．current D．industrial 107．A．rapid B．successful C．further D．global 108．A．Gender B．Media C．Cultural D．Political 109．A．keep B．upset C．promote D．restore 110．A．looks into B．breaks down C．speeds up D．responds to 111．A．desperately B．efficiently C．securely D．remotely 112．A．fair B．worse C．real D．reliable 113．A．increases B．promotes C．removes D．illustrates 114．A．angle B．comfort C．relief D．imagination 115．A．desk B．website C．shoulder D．market 116．A．qualified B．wealthy C．frequent D．optimistic 117．A．intend B．hesitate C．volunteer D．prefer 118．A．attaches to B．benefits from C．sees through D．agrees with 119．A．commercial B．additional C．later D．private 120．A．marketing B．financing C．exporting D．training 【答案】 106．B 107．D 108．A 109．B 110．C 111．D 112．A 113．C 114．B 115．B 116．A 117．D 118．D 119．B 120．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了在寻找拓展业务的方法时，走向全球的意义，向国际市场扩张有助于企业成长，提高购买力，并使市场机会多样化。。 106．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这有助于公司更好地应对国内经济的变化。A. present目前的；B. domestic本国的；C. current当前的；D. industrial工业的。根据前文“expanding to international markets helps companies grow, increases buying power and diversifies market opportunities”可知，对应上文国际扩展，此处指“国内的经济”。故选B项。 107．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在疫情大流行之前，全球扩展几乎总是意味着国际旅行。A. rapid快速的；B. successful成功的；C. further进一步的；D. global全球的。根据前文“When looking at ways to expand your business, does it make sense to go global?”和后文“international travel”可知，此处指“全球扩展”故选D项。 108．考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：历史上，一些国家的性别偏见使女性难以拓展业务，而国际旅行可能会打破企业家们努力维持的微妙的工作与生活平衡。A. Gender性别；B. Media媒体；C. Cultural文化的；D. Political政治的。根据后文“made business expansion difficult for women”以及“both sexes”可知，此处指“性别偏见”。故选A项。 109．考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史上，一些国家的性别偏见使女性难以拓展业务，而国际旅行可能会打破男女企业家们努力维持的微妙的工作与生活平衡。A. keep保持；B. upset使颠覆，打翻，打破；C. promote促进；D. restore恢复。根据前文“____3____ bias (偏见) in some countries historically made business expansion difficult for women”可知，由于一些国家对女性的限制，因此国际旅行不利于商务工作，可能会打破工作与生活平衡。故选B项。 110．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：2019冠状病毒病大流行加速了全球电子商务和机遇。A. looks into调查；B. breaks down发生故障，分解；C. speeds up加速；D. responds to响应。根据常识和前文“The Covid-19 pandemic”可知，由于疫情阻隔，不能出行，所以加速了全球电子商务和机遇。故选C项。 111．考查副词词义辨析。句意：全球正在远程开展业务，取得的成功远远超过预期。A. desperately绝望地；B. efficiently有效地；C. securely安全地；D. remotely远程地。根据前文“The Covid-19 pandemic ____5____ global e-commerce and opportunities.”可知，全球在开展电子商务，远程业务。故选D项。 112．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种向互联网商业的转变为女性提供了巨大的全球机会，因为它有效地使情况变得公平。A. fair公平的；B. worse更糟的；C. real真实的；D. reliable可信赖的。根据前文“____3____ bias (偏见) in some countries historically made business expansion difficult for women”以及后文“Conducting business on the internet ____8____ the complications of gender, race, religion, color and lifestyle”可知，互联网商业更趋公平。故选A项。 113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在互联网上开展业务消除了性别、种族、宗教、肤色和生活方式的复杂性，将业务简化为供需原则。A. increases增加；B. promotes促进；C. removes去掉，移除；D. illustrates说明，解释。根据后文“simplifying business down to the principles of supply and demand”可知，是消除了这些问题的复杂性。故选C项。 114．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这为增长打开了更多的大门，使企业家能够在舒适的办公室里研究潜在的市场和买家的旅程。A. angle角度；B. comfort舒适；C. relief宽慰；D. imagination想象力。根据前文“Conducting business on the internet”和后文“their own office”可知，在互联网上开展业务，在舒适的办公室里就能完成。故选B项。 115．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这包括在你的网站上提供你的目标消费者需要的所有信息，这样消费者就可以找到你，并自己研究他们最初问题的答案。A. desk课桌；B. website网站；C. shoulder肩膀；D. market市场。根据前文“Conducting business on the internet”和后文“so consumers can find you and research the answers to their initial questions on their own”可知，是在网站上提供信息。故选B项。 116．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过明确入境策略，精心编写的内容和社交媒体推广，可以为您带来有资格的买家，而不是不断地寻找新买家。A. qualified有资格的，合格的；B. wealthy富有的；C. frequent频繁的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据语境和前文“With a defined inbound strategy, well-written content and social media outreach”及后文“instead of continually searching for new buyers”可知，这可以带来符合要求的有资格的买家。故选A项。 117．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使你的目标消费者会说多种语言，大多数人也更喜欢从提供母语信息的网站上购买。A. intend打算；B. hesitate犹豫；C. volunteer志愿；D. prefer更喜欢。根据前文“A vital part of your global inbound marketing strategy will be to translate important information from your website into your target consumer’s native language.(全球入站营销策略的一个重要部分是将网站上的重要信息翻译成目标消费者的母语。)”可知，大多数人更喜欢从提供母语信息的网站上购买东西。故选D项。 118．考查动词短语辨析。句意：第一步是选择一个符合你公司目标和营销策略的市场。A. attaches to附加到；B. benefits from从中受益；C. sees through看透；D. agrees with同意，适合于。根据语境和后文“Choose one country, one language, and develop a multilingual marketing strategy that defines your goals and prepares you to connect with prospective buyers.(选择一个国家，一种语言，并制定一个多语言营销策略，以确定您的目标，并为您与潜在买家联系做好准备。)”可知，是选择一个适合于公司目标和营销策略的市场。故选D项。 119．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦你为第一个国家制定了计划和流程，你就可以在准备拓展其他市场时复制它。A. commercial商业的；B. additional附加的，外加的；C. later以后的；D. private私人的。根据前文“Once you create the plan and process for the first country”可知，此处指“第一个国家之外的（即外加的其它）国家市场”。故选B项。 120．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：你可能认为你的公司太小了，不能参与出口——但是考虑一下：当你利用互联网的力量时，你的公司是大是小并不重要。A. marketing营销；B. financing融资；C. exporting出口，输出；D. training训练。根据前文“When looking at ways to expand your business, does it make sense to go global?”以及“So, how can you accomplish successful international expansion?”可知，本文建议拓展国际业务，使产品走向全球。结合句意可知，此处指“出口”。故选C项。 09 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市奉贤区致远高级中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末教学评估英语试题 China becomes a world leader in clean technology by fighting environmental pollution, sharing experience. Erik Solheim, former executive director of the United Nations Environmental Programme, said he is 121 with China’s phenomenal achievements over the past decade in fighting environmental pollution and climate change, and in its march toward 122 development. This is very 123 to his Twitter followers. Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, 124 a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade; one about China producing 60 percent of global solar energy last year and 80 percent of solar panels; and another highlighting the fact that 80 percent of the world’s new offshore wind capacity was installed in China last year. He believes that it’s time for the rest of the world to 125 . For Solheim, who is also the former Norwegian Minister of the Environment and Minister of International Development, China’s achievements on the climate and environmental fronts all started with its fight against 126 . “People wanted to see beautiful skies over their cities,” he told China Daily. “The 127 fast reduction in air pollution in Chinese cities over the last decade shows how fast China can act. This has now spilled over into renewable energy, nature protection, electric mobility, tree planting and a lot more. Today, China is the world leader in all 128 technologies.” The latest 129 from China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment prove Solheim’s observations that the country is rapidly switching to a more sustainable path. Minister of Ecology and Environment Huang Runqiu told a news conference on Sept 15 that the country’s toughest measures and greatest progress on the ecological and environmental front have occurred in the last decade. He said that 130 painstaking efforts to combat pollution, clear waters and blue skies have become more commonplace. While poor air quality used to be a source of frequent public complaints, the average 131 of hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter between 2015 and last year. About 87.5 percent of days last year were rated as having good air quality, up 6.3 percentage points from 2015, making China the country with the biggest 132 in air quality in the world. In the last decade, the 133 of water at or above Grade III in the country’s five-tier water quality system rose 23.3 percentage points to 84.9 percent, close to the levels in developed countries. Carbon intensity, or carbon emissions per unit of GDP, has declined by 34.4 percent, with coal 134 for 56 percent of total energy consumption, compared to 68.5 percent a decade ago. China has has legislated or revised roughly 30 laws and regulations, some of which focused on water resource protection, including the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, which was modified in 2017, and the Yangtze River Protection Law, which 135 last year. 121．A．confused B．impressed C．obsessed D．connected 122．A．available B．accessible C．sustainable D．substantial 123．A．evident B．attractive C．invisible D．unique 124．A．donating B．contributing C．manufacturing D．distributing 125．A．fall behind B．put forward C．look up D．catch up 126．A．pollution B．environment C．ecology D．emission 127．A．probably B．inevitably C．incredibly D．traditionally 128．A．biological B．advanced C．far-reaching D．green 129．A．study B．figures C．technologies D．innovation 130．A．thanks to B．despite C．regardless of D．other than 131．A．height B．length C．concentration D．weight 132．A．obstacle B．improvement C．contribution D．cultivation 133．A．quality B．flavor C．deposit D．proportion 134．A．accounting B．making C．looking D．applying 135．A．took effect B．took place C．took to D．took in 【答案】 121．B 122．C 123．A 124．B 125．D 126．A 127．C 128．D 129．B 130．A 131．C 132．B 133．D 134．A 135．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是通过治理环境污染，分享经验，中国成为世界清洁技术的领导者。 121．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：联合国环境规划署前执行主任Erik Solheim表示，他对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。A. confused困惑的；B. impressed印象深刻的；C. obsessed（对……）着迷的；D. connected连接的。根据下文“Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, _____4_____ a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade”可知，Erik Solheim对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。故选B。 122．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：联合国环境规划署前执行主任Erik Solheim表示，他对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。A. available可获得的；B. accessible可使用的；C. sustainable可持续发展的；D. substantial实质性的。根据下文“China producing 60 percent of global solar energy last year and 80 percent of solar panels; and another highlighting the fact that 80 percent of the world’s new offshore wind capacity was installed in China last year”和第9空后的“the country is rapidly switching to a more sustainable path”可知，他对中国过去十年在应对环境污染和气候变化方面取得的显著成就以及在实现可持续发展方面取得的成就印象深刻。故选C。 123．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一点在他的推特粉丝中非常明显。A. evident明显的；B. attractive吸引人的；C. invisible看不见的；D. unique独特的。根据下文“Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, _____4_____ a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade”可知，这一点在他的推特粉丝中非常明显。故选A。 124．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Solheim的最新推文包括：中国在人工林和森林覆盖率增长方面位居全球第一，在过去十年中贡献了全球四分之一的新森林。A. donating捐赠；B. contributing贡献；C. manufacturing制造；D. distributing分发。根据下文“a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade”可知，中国在人工林和森林覆盖率增长方面位居全球第一，在过去十年中贡献了全球四分之一的新森林。故选B。 125．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他认为，现在是世界其他地区迎头赶上的时候了。A. fall behind落后；B. put forward提出；C. look up查询；D. catch up赶上。根据上文“it’s time for the rest of the world to”可知，现在是世界其他地区迎头赶上的时候了。故选D。 126．考查名词词义辨析。句意：曾任挪威环境部长和国际发展部部长的Solheim认为，中国在气候和环境方面取得的成就都是从治理污染开始的。A. pollution污染；B. environment环境；C. ecology生态；D. emission排放。根据下文“fast reduction in air pollution in Chinese cities over the last decade”可知，中国在气候和环境方面取得的成就都是从治理污染开始的。故选A。 127．考查副词词义辨析。句意：过去10年，中国城市空气污染以令人难以置信的速度减少，这表明中国的行动速度有多快。A. probably可能地；B. inevitably不可避免地；C. incredibly令人难以置信地；D. traditionally传统上。根据下文“hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter”可知，中国城市空气污染以令人难以置信的速度减少。故选C。 128．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，中国在所有绿色技术方面都处于世界领先地位。A. biological生物的；B. advanced先进的；C. far-reaching影响深远的；D. green绿色的。根据上文“renewable energy, nature protection, electric mobility, tree planting”可知，中国在所有绿色技术方面都处于世界领先地位。故选D。 129．考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国生态环境部的最新数据证实了Solheim的观察，即中国正在迅速转向一条更可持续的道路。A. study学习；B. figures数字；C. technologies技术；D. innovation创新。根据下文“hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter”可知，中国生态环境部的最新数据证实了Solheim的观察。故选B。 130．考查固定短语辨析。句意：他说，由于努力治理污染，碧水蓝天变得更加普遍。A. thanks to多亏，由于；B. despite尽管；C. regardless of不管；D. other than除了。根据下文“painstaking efforts to combat pollution, clear waters and blue skies have become more commonplace”可知，由于努力治理污染，碧水蓝天变得更加普遍。故选A。 131．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然糟糕的空气质量曾是公众经常抱怨的一个来源，但从2015年到去年，空气中有害PM2.5颗粒的平均浓度从每立方米46微克下降到30微克。A. height高度；B. length长度；C. concentration浓度；D. weight重量。根据下文“of hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter”可知，空气中有害PM2.5颗粒的平均浓度从每立方米46微克下降到30微克。故选C。 132．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，中国空气质量良好天数约为87.5%，较2015年上升6.3个百分点，成为世界上空气质量改善最大的国家。A. obstacle障碍；B. improvement提高；C. contribution贡献；D. cultivation培养。根据上文“About 87.5 percent of days last year were rated as having good air quality, up 6.3 percentage points from 2015”可知，中国空气质量良好天数约为87.5%，较2015年上升6.3个百分点，成为世界上空气质量改善最大的国家。故选B。 133．考查名词词义辨析。句意：近10年来，全国水质五级体系中III级及以上水质比重上升23.3个百分点，达到84.9%，已接近发达国家水平。A. quality质量；B. flavor味道；C. deposit存款；D. proportion比例。根据下文“rose 23.3 percentage points to 84.9 percent”可知，全国水质五级体系中III级及以上水质比重上升23.3个百分点，达到84.9%，空格处意为“比例”。故选D。 134．考查动词词义辨析。句意：碳强度，即单位国内生产总值的碳排放下降了34.4%，煤炭占能源消费总量的56%，而十年前为68.5%。A. accounting占（一定数量或比例）；B. making制作；C. looking看；D. applying申请。根据下文“for 56 percent of total energy consumption”可知，煤炭占能源消费总量的56%。故选A。 135．考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国已经立法或修订了大约30部法律法规，其中一些专注于水资源保护，包括2017年修改的《水污染防治法》和去年生效的《长江保护法》。A. took effect生效；B. took place发生；C. took to喜欢；D. took in吸收。根据上文“Yangtze River Protection Law”可知，《长江保护法》在去年生效。故选A。 10 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages co herent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】 上海交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二上期末考试英语试卷 Will we get into the school of our choice? What will we be doing in ten years’ time? Can we become the person we really want to be? In the face of such questions, how should we 136 the future? Can we take action to shape it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way? As many of us already know, having plans in place for the future is no guarantee that they will become reality. In this 137 , some people are more fortunate than others, as can be illustrated by comparing the lives of two famous authors, born 40 years 138 . Although they shared the same energetic attitude to life, their careers unfolded in 139 ways. The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood single-minded in his ambition to write. On leaving high school, he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee 140 . He went on to become foreign reporter for the Toronto Star and used his extraordinary experiences in Europe and later Cuba to 141 his writing. In his words, “I decided that I would write one story about each thing that I knew about.” Having set himself this goal, he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War, bullfighting and deep-sea fishing, amongst others. His novel The Old Man and the Sea, centering on an aging fisherman who 142 an epic battle to catch a giant marlin, was 143 the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953. 144 , the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in 1859, had originally worked as a doctor. But Doyle’s main ambition was to become a writer of historical novels. Although some of his historical novels were published, their success 145 compared to the stories of his fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes, which he is still best known for to this day. Interestingly, Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting for patients in his medical 146 in London. After Sherlock Holmes made him a household name, Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely to writing. In fact, he longed for fame as a historical novelist. The public, however, couldn’t 147 Sherlock Holmes. In desperation, Doyle 148 the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so that he could focus on his “serious” writing. 149 , fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle, under immense pressure, was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead. Doyle’s many historical novels, plays, poems and academic papers have remained largely forgotten, but Sherlock Holmes has been 150 readers for well over a century. 136．A．draw B．approach C．receive D．reverse 137．A．respect B．prospect C．perception D．effect 138．A．ahead B．across C．ago D．apart 139．A．contrasting B．mechanical C．miserable D．similar 140．A．correspondent B．secretary C．researcher D．editor 141．A．modify B．affect C．inform D．notify 142．A．runs away from B．enrolls in C．loosens up D．engages in 143．A．comprised B．awarded C．represented D．rewarded 144．A．In addition B．By contrast C．Either way D．In a nutshell 145．A．went beyond itself B．was on the decline C．amounted to nothing D．drew fame and fortune 146．A．practice B．drill C．care D．business 147．A．put up with B．be in favor of C．leave behind D．get enough of 148．A．held back B．killed off C．closed off with D．beat back 149．A．Therefore B．Likewise C．However D．Instead 150．A．addressing B．annoying C．enlightening D．entertaining 【答案】 136．B 137．A 138．D 139．A 140．A 141．C 142．D 143．B 144．B 145．C 146．A 147．D 148．B 149．C 150．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要对比了美国作家欧内斯特·海明威和作家阿瑟·柯南·道尔两人不同的个人经历对他们职业选择的影响。 136．考查动词词义辨析。句意：面对这样的问题，我们应该如何面对未来？A. draw绘画；B. approach对付，靠近；C. receive收到；D. reverse逆转。根据后文“the future”指应对未来，应用approach。故选B。 137．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这方面，有些人比其他人更幸运，可以通过比较两个相隔40年出生的著名作家的生活来说明。A. respect方面；B. prospect前景；C. perception看法；D. effect影响。此处为短语in this respect表示“在这方面”。故选A。 138．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在这方面，有些人比其他人更幸运，可以通过比较两个相隔40年出生的著名作家的生活来说明。A. ahead前面；B. across穿过；C. ago以前；D. apart分开。根据上文“by comparing the lives of two famous authors, born 40 years”指比较两个相隔40年出生的著名作家。故选D。 139．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然他们有着同样积极的生活态度，但他们的事业却以截然不同的方式展开。A. contrasting差异大的；B. mechanical机械的；C. miserable痛苦的；D. similar相似的。此处although引导让步状语从句，表示他们的事业却以截然不同的方式展开。故选A。 140．考查名词词义辨析。句意：高中毕业后，他加入了堪萨斯州一家当地报纸，成为一名实习记者。A. correspondent记者；B. secretary秘书；C. researcher研究员；D. editor编辑。根据上文“he joined a local Kansas newspaper”可知是去当记者。故选A。 141．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他后来成为《多伦多星报》的外国记者，并利用他在欧洲和古巴的非凡经历为他的写作提供信息。A. modify修改；B. affect影响；C. inform通知，提供信息；D. notify通报。根据上文“used his extraordinary experiences in Europe and later Cuba to”指利用经历为写作提供信息。故选C。 142．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的小说《老人与海》获得了1953年的普利策小说奖，小说讲述了一位年迈的渔夫展开史诗般的战斗，捕捉一条巨大的马林鱼。A. runs away from逃跑；B. enrolls in加入；C. loosens up放松；D. engages in参与。根据后文“an epic battle to catch a giant marlin”指一位年迈的渔夫展开史诗般的战斗，捕捉一条巨大的马林鱼。故选D。 143．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的小说《老人与海》获得了1953年的普利策小说奖，小说讲述了一位年迈的渔夫展开史诗般的战斗，捕捉一条巨大的马林鱼。A. comprised包含；B. awarded授予；C. represented代表；D. rewarded奖赏。根据后文“the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction”指被授予普利策小说奖，故选B。 144．考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，1859年出生于苏格兰的年轻阿瑟·柯南·道尔最初是一名医生。A. In addition此外；B. By contrast相比之下；C. Either way不管怎样；D. In a nutshell简单地。这里是将两个作家进行对比，故选B。 145．考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管他的一些历史小说出版了，但与他虚构的侦探夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事相比，这些小说的成功不值一提，福尔摩斯至今仍以其小说闻名。A. went beyond itself超越自我；B. was on the decline在衰退中；C. amounted to nothing无结果；D. drew fame and fortune名声与财富。根据后文“compared to the stories of his fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes, which he is still best known for to this day”可知，这些小说的成功不值一提，福尔摩斯至今仍以其小说闻名。故选C。 146．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，道尔在伦敦行医的时候写了一些福尔摩斯的早期故事。A. practice实践；B. drill训练；C. care关心；D. business生意。根据上文“while he was waiting for patients in his medical”此处指行医，应用medical practice。故选A。 147．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，公众对夏洛克·福尔摩斯却爱不释手。A. put up with忍受；B. be in favor of支持；C. leave behind遗留；D. get enough of足够。根据上文“Sherlock Holmes, which he is still best known for to this day”可知公众喜爱福尔摩斯的故事。故选D。 148．考查动词短语辨析。句意：无奈之下，道尔在1893年出版的一部小说中杀死了这位著名的侦探，这样他就可以专注于他的“严肃”写作。A. held back隐瞒；B. killed off消灭；C. closed off with封锁；D. beat back打败。根据后文“so that he could focus on his “serious” writing.”可知，道尔在1893年出版的一部小说中杀死了这位著名的侦探，这样他就可以专注于他的“严肃”写作。故选B。 149．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，福尔摩斯的粉丝们非常愤怒，道尔迫于巨大的压力，不得不让福尔摩斯起死回生。A. Therefore因此；B. Likewise同样地；C. However然而；D. Instead相反。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，故选C。 150．考查动词词义辨析。句意：道尔的许多历史小说、戏剧、诗歌和学术论文在很大程度上被遗忘了，但福尔摩斯已经娱乐了读者一个多世纪。A. addressing解决；B. annoying惹恼；C. enlightening启迪；D. entertaining娱乐。根据后文“readers for well over a century”可知，福尔摩斯已经娱乐了读者一个多世纪。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高二上学期期末考点大串讲（上海） 专题03 完形填空题精选10篇 （原题版） 01 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试卷 She wants to be a singer; you think she should go for a long-term career with job security and eventually retire with a good pension. But a new report suggests that in fact she’s the practical one. Why do parents make terrible careers 1 ? Today’s 14 and 15-year-olds are 2 . They are optimistic about their prospects, but their career ideas are rather 3 . Although 80% of them have no intention of following in their parents’ footsteps, 69% still 4 their parents for advice. They look at their working future in a different way to their parents. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is 5 but pays the bills. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. Certainly when I was 15, my guidance counselors were horrified at my plans to become a writer. I’m glad I didn’t change my plans to suit them. But the world has changed. The global economy is not 6 to yesterday’s diligent and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the initiative. This means it is not 7 being unrealistic that a 14-year-old sees her working future as a kind of 8 to be made up as she goes along. 9 , she has to have the training and guidance to help her develop the right skills for today’s market. Many young people 10 that redundancy (冗余), downsizing (裁员) and freelancing (自由职业) are all part of modern working life, but no one is telling them how they might be able to turn the new rules of the 11 game to their advantage. This is what they need to know if they are to make a life for themselves. So what is to be done? A good first step would be to 12 the way in which schools prepare young people or adult life. The education system is becoming less flexible and sticks more to traditional skills at just the time that the job market is going in the 13 direction. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to 14 all the advice that your parents gave you, and step into your teenager’s shoes. Give them the courage to follow their dreams ---- however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, ambition is a terrible thing to 15 . 1．A．advisers B．planners C．reformers D．pursuers 2．A．curious B．ambitious C．depressed D．unrealistic 3．A．inspiring B．clear C．changeable D．vague 4．A．turn to B．turn up C．turn out D．turn into 5．A．well-paid B．temporary C．boring D．rewarding 6．A．common B．opposed C．kind D．devoted 7．A．normally B．necessarily C．nearly D．generally 8．A．adventure B．terminal C．destiny D．reality 9．A．Finally B．Instead C．Therefore D．However 10．A．claim B．declare C．conclude D．perceive 11．A．competition B．employment C．knowledge D．modernization 12．A．translate B．transport C．transform D．transfer 13．A．opposite B．former C．regular D．inevitable 14．A．take B．forget C．recall D．spoil 15．A．inherit B．keep C．simplify D．waste 02 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市控江中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语调研卷                                               Our Extraordinary Brains The 1.4-kilogram organ inside each person's head is the most complex part of the human body. This remarkable organ, the brain, not only 16 body movements and shapes people's behavior but also decodes sensory inputs and is the seat of intelligence. These facts have been scientifically proven, but a lot of what we believe about the brain is based on 17 . What percentage of your brain do you actually use? The statistic that has been circulating for about a century is 10 percent, sometimes 20, suggesting that we haven't fully tapped into our full mental 18 . But that is merely a misconception. While our brains do have some reserves, scans have shown that a large portion of our brains are 19 in even the simplest of tasks. If you're artistic, you might   20 that you are mostly drawing upon the right side of your brain. If you're logical, you may have been led to believe you favor your left brain. While both of these hemispheres (脑半球) do exist, one is not considered to be 21 over the other. They are intricately (错综复杂地) connected, with both hemispheres 22 in all mental activities. Parents want “smart” children and perhaps have heard that playing classical music to their unborn child or to their infant increases their chances of being intelligent. However, a (n) 23 analysis of relevant studies fails to establish a direct correlation between brain development and 24 to classical music. Many believe that a person's genes totally determine intelligence. While genetics   25 plays an important role, other factors such as nutrition, education, home environment, and available resources also 26 significantly. The topic of a child's capability to learn multiple languages at the same time has sparked   27 debate. The belief that children will   28 languages and not develop any language properly has been the basis for educational policies for years. 29 to this belief, evidence indicates that young children gain a better knowledge of language structures overall when learning two languages simultaneously. Such myths have persisted for ages, 30 never-ending discussions. Yet one unquestionable truth remains: the brain is truly an amazing organ. 16．A．expands B．initiates C．follows D．reflects 17．A．fiction B．fact C．theory D．statistics 18．A．confusion B．comfort C．capacity D．stability 19．A．engaged B．buried C．wrapped D．absorbed 20．A．guarantee B．indicate C．demonstrate D．assume 21．A．superior B．senior C．dominant D．crucial 22．A．involving B．cooperating C．transforming D．disturbing 23．A．abstract B．comprehensive C．sensitive D．efficient 24．A．exposure B．approach C．objection D．response 25．A．unexpectedly B．exceptionally C．undoubtedly D．continuously 26．A．suffer B．clarify C．contribute D．interact 27．A．outstanding B．considerable C．desperate D．optimistic 28．A．mix up B．give up C．back up D．pick up 29．A．Relevant B．Similar C．Familiar D．Contrary 30．A．submitting B．generating C．indicating D．advocating 03 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市上海中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷 Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple 31 . Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 32 do with it? We gossip. About others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out—and why; how to deal with difficult 33 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues. So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural 34 , of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 35 issues. Dunbar 36 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar— 37 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip. Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 38 of the higher primates(灵长类动物) like monkeys. By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 39 from outside it. As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 40 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 41 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 42 the pressure and calm everybody down. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 43 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 44 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 45 contact. 31．A．gesture B．gossip C．description D．recognition 32．A．occasionally B．habitually C．discreetly D．originally 33．A．historical B．natural C．social D．cultural 34．A．wasters B．users C．masters D．owners 35．A．witty B．vivid C．vital D．worthless 36．A．supposes B．rejects C．highlights D．outlines 37．A．on the contrary B．for instance C．in addition D．as a result 38．A．comprehension B．appearance C．motivation D．behaviour 39．A．contact B．attack C．assistance D．trick 40．A．concludes B．recalls C．requires D．confesses 41．A．protection B．prospect C．responsibility D．promise 42．A．echo B．blame C．ease D．preserve 43．A．established B．extended C．earned D．consumed 44．A．efficient B．scientific C．considerate D．common 45．A．regular B．independent C．widespread D．physical 04 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题 Today’s youth will drive tomorrow’s growth. Young people have always confused their elders. Today’s youngsters are no different. They have thin wallets but 46 tastes. They long for authenticity while being constantly immersed in an artificial digital world. They 47 convenience and abundance. As they start spending in earnest, brands are trying to understand what these walking paradoxes (悖论) 48 and how they shop. The answers will define the next era of consumerism. A good place to start analyzing the psyche of young consumer is to consider the 49 that has shaped them. At one end of the scale, today’s 30-somethings came of age in the midst of the global financial crisis of 2007-2009. Their younger peers were slightly 50 , beginning their careers in years when tightening labour markets had pushed up wages until the covid-19 pandemic turned many of their lives upside down. These two big 51 have contributed to pessimism among the young people who experienced them. A study found a widespread 52 among Gen Zs that they would be able to afford to retire. Less than half believed they would ever own a home. In many ways youngsters’ shopping habits, like their lives, are defined by the “ 53 economy”. The popularity of social media means there are many new ways of attracting consumers’ eyeballs. Most young shoppers never knew a world without smartphones. More than two-thirds of 18- to 34-year-old Americans spend four hours or more on their devices each day. These “always-on purchasers” often avoid a weekly shop so that they can have quicker 54 of everything from fashion to furniture. They like subscriptions, often favoring shared access to products over outright ownership, which has 55 online-rental sites and streaming services. The internet has also changed how the young discover brands. Print, billboard or TV advertising has 56 social media. Instagram and TikTok are where the young look for inspiration, particularly for goods where 57 matter, such as beauty, fashion, and sportswear. 58 physical shops are not entirely out of favor. They can be successful as long as the experience feels personal and, ideally, integrates virtual and physical worlds. How the young shop is clearly shifting. What they buy, too, is changing. What older generations consider optional, such as wellness and luxury, has become 59 for the young. More broadly, young consumers claim to be more 60 than previous generations. Some of these values are centered around identity (race, gender and so on). Others stem from things the young care about, such as climate change. 46．A．pleasant B．expensive C．mild D．refreshing 47．A．prize B．boast C．mix D．challenge 48．A．recycle B．desire C．deliver D．package 49．A．education B．institution C．family D．economy 50．A．busier B．luckier C．stronger D．calmer 51．A．reforms B．ends C．trends D．shocks 52．A．doubt B．opposition C．criticism D．ignorance 53．A．bubble B．attention C．knowledge D．green 54．A．refunds B．possessions C．fixes D．trials 55．A．approved B．facilitated C．reversed D．updated 56．A．made peace with B．made up for C．run parallel to D．given way to 57．A．looks B．scents C．textures D．atmospheres 58．A．However B．Hence C．Apparently D．Otherwise 59．A．souvenirs B．essentials C．memories D．treasures 60．A．dream-connected B．hobbies-motivated C．values-driven D．money-focused 05 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages co herent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市朱家角中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题 How Coronavirus Is Changing the Dating Game for the Better If you are single and dating, you are no doubt facing special challenges during this pandemic. But as a biological anthropologist (人类学家) who has spent some 40 years studying romantic love around the world and the brain activity of this ancient and universal human passion, I have come to recognize that in some ways, coronavirus has given you a 61 . Foremost, coronavirus has 62 things down. This pandemic has forced singles to return to a more traditional 63 : getting to know someone before falling in love. I am hopeful that the 64 mode of dating will give singles additional time to select a truly appropriate mate as well as enable romance to develop slowly — even flourish long term. Let’s look at some of the ways in which coronavirus has changed the dating game, and how those changes might provide some lasting benefits. Video Chats Are In During the second weekend of April, dating site Match.com asked members several questions about how they have changed their courtship habits since the world shut down. An astonishing 6,004 men and women 65 . And they are doing something new: video chatting. Before COVID-19, only six percent of these singles were using video chatting to court. Now, 69 percent are 66 to video chatting with a potential partner. And there are some real advantages to seeing these potential partners on FaceTime, Zoom, or some other internet 67 . We are walking billboards of who we are. Your haircut (or lack of haircut during these pandemic times), your preppy shirt, your revealing blouse ... All these and many more visible traits (特质) signal your 68 , education, and interests. 69 , specific brain regions respond almost 70 to assess two things about a likely mate: their personality and their physical appeal. We do this within seconds of seeing him or her. Time to Talk During the coronavirus lockdowns, many of you now have more time. You are not 71 in the morning, commuting to work, or meeting pals after office hours. Many of you have more time to talk. 72 , you have something important to talk about. During this pandemic, singles are likely to share far more 73 thoughts of fear and hope - and get to know vital things about a potential partner fast. Psychologists report that this 74 — the process of disclosing one’s innermost feelings, attitudes and experiences - promotes closeness, love and 75 . These are the foundation stones of a strong partnership. 61．A．concern B．gift C．theory D．promise 62．A．tied B．torn C．worn D．slowed 63．A．circle B．ceremony C．pattern D．method 64．A．rediscovered B．efficient C．creative D．unwanted 65．A．agreed B．declined C．replied D．engaged 66．A．linked B．open C．limited D．reduced 67．A．platform B．website C．connection D．access 68．A．experience B．taste C．partner D．background 69．A．Indeed B．Therefore C．Also D．However 70．A．completely B．instantly C．positively D．appropriately 71．A．dressing B．studying C．oversleeping D．video-chatting 72．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Moreover 73．A．meaningful B．comforting C．disturbing D．immediate 74．A．self-improvement B．self-reflection C．self-consciousness D．self-revelation 75．A．commitment B．favor C．partnership D．confidence 06 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市浦东区南汇中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末练习英语 The serious business of being a social influencer This week China promised a tax-evasion punishment on social-media influencers, who are paid by brands to promote products online to their followers. The size of that levy (征收税) shows the 76 scale of the industry, which accounts for 12% of online sales in China. Outside China, influencers are also likely to have a(n) 77 role in e-commerce. For all firms with brands, it is time to realize that influencing is more than just a hobby. The use of personal endorsements used to be about 78 existing celebrity power. For example, Michael Jordan’s deal in 1984 with Nike revolutionized both basketball and branding. Influencers turn the logic on its head: selling things helps make them more famous. Through clipped videos and filtered photos they offer recommendations to consumers, together with glimpses into their daily lives to increase the 79 . Total spending on influencers by brands could reach $16bn this year. The number of wannabe influencers outside China is in the millions. 80 , only under 100,000 of them get most profit. Their staying power suggests that they add value in several ways. Influencers’ networks reach new audiences, 81 younger shoppers. And influencers are 82 proficient in a way that old-style brand ambassadors never were. They can quickly 83 and utilize newer platforms like TikTok. Yet one-third of brands do not use influencers. They worry about their reputation. Despite the risk, ignoring influencers is a mistake. Their 84 of digital advertising budgets is still low at 3%, but it is rising fast. The 85 between entertainment and e-commerce is becoming unclear. The most popular marketing strategy of the 2010s—ads targeted through Google and Facebook—is under threat as new privacy standards make it harder to 86 potential customers. To make full use of influencers, brands should set a clear strategy. They should expect more regulation on consumer protection. The guiding 87 should be to use only influencers who disclose to their audiences that their posts are paid. Brands should also 88 new analytical tools that help them measure the performance of influencers. These tools should help to 89 the cheat from the stars. It used to be said that only half of all advertising spending worked, but it was impossible to know which half. Now brands can control only half of what influencers say, but they may be able to calculate 100% of the 90 they add. 76．A．abnormal B．narrow C．large D．intangible 77．A．enduring B．insignificant C．typical D．useless 78．A．giving rise to B．taking advantage of C．putting aside D．looking forward to 79．A．assessment B．credibility C．contrast D．influence 80．A．however B．likewise C．moreover D．consequently 81．A．as well as B．additionally C．eventually D．particularly 82．A．economically B．socially C．technologically D．fundamentally 83．A．come across B．adapt to C．take up D．bring about 84．A．share B．profit C．occurrence D．impact 85．A．cooperation B．conflict C．borderline D．transformation 86．A．recommend to B．set about C．turn away D．spy on 87．A．reform B．discipline C．principle D．concept 88．A．embrace B．evaluate C．advertise D．question 89．A．ban B．defend C．shelter D．distinguish 90．A．value B．potential C．damage D．risks 07 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷 The announcement of school closures is typically met with a high degree of emotion and concern. In Philadelphia, the proposal has also been met with plenty of 91 , from the formation of flash mobs (快闪族) to marches throughout the city. 92 , district officials assert that closing schools in one of the largest school districts in the country is the only way to balance a school budget in hard times. According to a report in the Philadelphia Public Schools Notebook, district superintendent William Hite has recommended the closure of 37 city schools. Hite has claimed that the closures are a necessary step toward 93 the school district a significant amount of money. The district estimates the closures would result in savings of around $28 million annually. It would also be a 94 move toward a more competitive school system since more resources could be poured into the remaining schools. However, opponents to the closure plan say the savings to the district would be 95 since district officials were not currently factoring in the cost of 96 and transition expenses. Protesters also note that the closures could 97 additional charter school (特许学校) growth, which had already taken a significant bite out of the school district’s budget. Students and parents of the schools cited for closure also voice concern that taking away neighborhood schools would take away the safe havens (避难所) that many students have come to think of as 98 away from home. Activists opposed to the school closures have organized into 99 groups with an impressive presence in the City of Brotherly Love. The Philadelphia Student Union, a student organization created in 1995 to empower students throughout the city, has taken on the school closure cause, 100 visible protests in the city. Another group, the Philadelphia Coalition Advocating for Public Schools, has also 101 the cause. This organization includes the city’s 102 union, which is also opposed to the proposed school closures. The organizations have joined other groups of students, parents, and educators to make their voices known throughout the school districts. Through a variety of protests as well as attendance at public meetings, protesters have become a visible presence on the 103 of school closures in Philadelphia. Their size and emotion have not gone 104 by district officials, who have been 105 to listen to the opposition as they cope with the possibility of closing Philadelphia Public Schools. 91．A．participants B．onlookers C．protests D．respondents 92．A．Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Besides 93．A．earning B．collecting C．depositing D．saving 94．A．controversial B．risky C．positive D．dumb 95．A．encouraging B．minimal C．optimal D．undeniable 96．A．college B．living C．transportation D．business 97．A．assess B．control C．fuel D．sustain 98．A．homes B．schools C．districts D．accommodations 99．A．invisible B．mistakable C．identifiable D．favorable 100．A．staging B．ignoring C．hiding D．prohibiting 101．A．found fault with B．taken advantage of C．signed up for D．thrown light on 102．A．closures B．schools C．teachers D．students 103．A．basis B．issue C．fulfillment D．number 104．A．identified B．unnoticed C．selected D．demonstrated 105．A．smart B．reluctant C．hesitant D．willing 08 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市青浦高级中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末线上质量检测英语试卷 When looking at ways to expand your business, does it make sense to go global? The answer is yes — expanding to international markets helps companies grow, increases buying power and diversifies market opportunities. It better prepares the company for changes in the 106 economy. It can result in increased profits, a diverse customer base and improved stability. Before the pandemic, 107 expansion almost always meant international travel. 108 bias (偏见) in some countries historically made business expansion difficult for women, and international travel can 109 the delicate work-life balance entrepreneurs (企业家) of both sexes strive to maintain. The Covid-19 pandemic 110 global e-commerce and opportunities. The world is conducting business 111 with far more success than anticipated. This shift to business by the internet presents tremendous global opportunities for women as it effectively makes the situation 112 . Conducting business on the internet 113 the complications of gender, race, religion, color and lifestyle, simplifying business down to the principles of supply and demand. This opens more doors for growth and enables entrepreneurs to study potential markets and the buyer’s journey from the 114 of their own office. So, how can you accomplish successful international expansion? First, identify your target market, and then develop an inbound marketing strategy. This involves providing all the information your target consumers need on your 115 so consumers can find you and research the answers to their initial questions on their own. With a defined inbound strategy, well-written content and social media outreach, you can bring 116 buyers to you instead of continually searching for new buyers. A vital part of your global inbound (归本国的) marketing strategy will be to translate important information from your website into your target consumer’s native language. Even if your target consumers are multilingual, most would 117 to buy from sites that provide information in their native language. Then how can you develop your inbound marketing strategy? The first step is to select a market that 118 your company goals and marketing strategy. Choose one country, one language, and develop a multilingual marketing strategy that defines your goals and prepares you to connect with prospective buyers. Once you create the plan and process for the first country, you can copy it when you’re ready to expand into 119 markets. You might believe that your business is too small to get involved with 120 — but consider this: When you make use of the power of the internet, it doesn’t matter if your company is large or small. The key is to shift your focus from outbound to inbound marketing — and bring buyers to you. 106．A．present B．domestic C．current D．industrial 107．A．rapid B．successful C．further D．global 108．A．Gender B．Media C．Cultural D．Political 109．A．keep B．upset C．promote D．restore 110．A．looks into B．breaks down C．speeds up D．responds to 111．A．desperately B．efficiently C．securely D．remotely 112．A．fair B．worse C．real D．reliable 113．A．increases B．promotes C．removes D．illustrates 114．A．angle B．comfort C．relief D．imagination 115．A．desk B．website C．shoulder D．market 116．A．qualified B．wealthy C．frequent D．optimistic 117．A．intend B．hesitate C．volunteer D．prefer 118．A．attaches to B．benefits from C．sees through D．agrees with 119．A．commercial B．additional C．later D．private 120．A．marketing B．financing C．exporting D．training 09 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】上海市奉贤区致远高级中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末教学评估英语试题 China becomes a world leader in clean technology by fighting environmental pollution, sharing experience. Erik Solheim, former executive director of the United Nations Environmental Programme, said he is 121 with China’s phenomenal achievements over the past decade in fighting environmental pollution and climate change, and in its march toward 122 development. This is very 123 to his Twitter followers. Solheim’s latest tweets include one about China ranking first globally in planted forests and forest coverage growth, 124 a quarter of the world’s new forests in the past decade; one about China producing 60 percent of global solar energy last year and 80 percent of solar panels; and another highlighting the fact that 80 percent of the world’s new offshore wind capacity was installed in China last year. He believes that it’s time for the rest of the world to 125 . For Solheim, who is also the former Norwegian Minister of the Environment and Minister of International Development, China’s achievements on the climate and environmental fronts all started with its fight against 126 . “People wanted to see beautiful skies over their cities,” he told China Daily. “The 127 fast reduction in air pollution in Chinese cities over the last decade shows how fast China can act. This has now spilled over into renewable energy, nature protection, electric mobility, tree planting and a lot more. Today, China is the world leader in all 128 technologies.” The latest 129 from China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment prove Solheim’s observations that the country is rapidly switching to a more sustainable path. Minister of Ecology and Environment Huang Runqiu told a news conference on Sept 15 that the country’s toughest measures and greatest progress on the ecological and environmental front have occurred in the last decade. He said that 130 painstaking efforts to combat pollution, clear waters and blue skies have become more commonplace. While poor air quality used to be a source of frequent public complaints, the average 131 of hazardous airborne PM2.5 particles dropped from 46 to 30 micrograms per cubic (立方的) meter between 2015 and last year. About 87.5 percent of days last year were rated as having good air quality, up 6.3 percentage points from 2015, making China the country with the biggest 132 in air quality in the world. In the last decade, the 133 of water at or above Grade III in the country’s five-tier water quality system rose 23.3 percentage points to 84.9 percent, close to the levels in developed countries. Carbon intensity, or carbon emissions per unit of GDP, has declined by 34.4 percent, with coal 134 for 56 percent of total energy consumption, compared to 68.5 percent a decade ago. China has has legislated or revised roughly 30 laws and regulations, some of which focused on water resource protection, including the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, which was modified in 2017, and the Yangtze River Protection Law, which 135 last year. 121．A．confused B．impressed C．obsessed D．connected 122．A．available B．accessible C．sustainable D．substantial 123．A．evident B．attractive C．invisible D．unique 124．A．donating B．contributing C．manufacturing D．distributing 125．A．fall behind B．put forward C．look up D．catch up 126．A．pollution B．environment C．ecology D．emission 127．A．probably B．inevitably C．incredibly D．traditionally 128．A．biological B．advanced C．far-reaching D．green 129．A．study B．figures C．technologies D．innovation 130．A．thanks to B．despite C．regardless of D．other than 131．A．height B．length C．concentration D．weight 132．A．obstacle B．improvement C．contribution D．cultivation 133．A．quality B．flavor C．deposit D．proportion 134．A．accounting B．making C．looking D．applying 135．A．took effect B．took place C．took to D．took in 10 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages co herent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 【来源】 上海交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二上期末考试英语试卷 Will we get into the school of our choice? What will we be doing in ten years’ time? Can we become the person we really want to be? In the face of such questions, how should we 136 the future? Can we take action to shape it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way? As many of us already know, having plans in place for the future is no guarantee that they will become reality. In this 137 , some people are more fortunate than others, as can be illustrated by comparing the lives of two famous authors, born 40 years 138 . Although they shared the same energetic attitude to life, their careers unfolded in 139 ways. The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood single-minded in his ambition to write. On leaving high school, he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee 140 . He went on to become foreign reporter for the Toronto Star and used his extraordinary experiences in Europe and later Cuba to 141 his writing. In his words, “I decided that I would write one story about each thing that I knew about.” Having set himself this goal, he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War, bullfighting and deep-sea fishing, amongst others. His novel The Old Man and the Sea, centering on an aging fisherman who 142 an epic battle to catch a giant marlin, was 143 the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953. 144 , the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in 1859, had originally worked as a doctor. But Doyle’s main ambition was to become a writer of historical novels. Although some of his historical novels were published, their success 145 compared to the stories of his fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes, which he is still best known for to this day. Interestingly, Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting for patients in his medical 146 in London. After Sherlock Holmes made him a household name, Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely to writing. In fact, he longed for fame as a historical novelist. The public, however, couldn’t 147 Sherlock Holmes. In desperation, Doyle 148 the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so that he could focus on his “serious” writing. 149 , fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle, under immense pressure, was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead. Doyle’s many historical novels, plays, poems and academic papers have remained largely forgotten, but Sherlock Holmes has been 150 readers for well over a century. 136．A．draw B．approach C．receive D．reverse 137．A．respect B．prospect C．perception D．effect 138．A．ahead B．across C．ago D．apart 139．A．contrasting B．mechanical C．miserable D．similar 140．A．correspondent B．secretary C．researcher D．editor 141．A．modify B．affect C．inform D．notify 142．A．runs away from B．enrolls in C．loosens up D．engages in 143．A．comprised B．awarded C．represented D．rewarded 144．A．In addition B．By contrast C．Either way D．In a nutshell 145．A．went beyond itself B．was on the decline C．amounted to nothing D．drew fame and fortune 146．A．practice B．drill C．care D．business 147．A．put up with B．be in favor of C．leave behind D．get enough of 148．A．held back B．killed off C．closed off with D．beat back 149．A．Therefore B．Likewise C．However D．Instead 150．A．addressing B．annoying C．enlightening D．entertaining 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $