Unit 1 Great explorations【B卷·培优卷】-2024-2025学年九年级英语下册单元速记·巧练（深圳专用，沪教牛津版）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 1 Great explorations (B卷·培优卷） （时间：70分钟，满分：75分） 一、完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 The first time I remembered noticing the crossing guard was when he waved to me as I drove my son to school. He 1 me with a puzzle—all because he waved to me like someone does on seeing a close friend. There was a big, 2 smile accompanied his wave. For the next few days I tried to 3 his face to see if I knew him. I didn’t. Perhaps he had 4 me for someone else. By the time I was quite sure that he and I were strangers, we were greeting each other warmly every morning like old friends. Then one day I found out the truth. As I drove near to school he was standing in the middle of the road 5 his stop sign. I was in line behind four cars. After the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk, he lowered his sign and let the cars through. To the first car he waved and smiled in just the same way he had done to me over the last few days. The kids already had the window down and were happily waving their reply. The second car got the same 6 from the crossing guard, and the driver, a businessman, gave a short wave back. Each of the following car of kids on their way to school responded heartily. Every morning I continued to watch the man with 7 . So far I haven’t seen anyone 8 to wave back. I find it interesting that one person can make such a(n) 9 to so many people’s lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly. His cheerfulness armed the start of my day. With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the 10 of the whole neighborhood. 1．A．hit B．disagreed C．presented D．bored 2．A．shy B．false C．funny D．bright 3．A．research B．study C．realize D．explain 4．A．praised B．respected C．mistaken D．remembered 5．A．holding out B．handing in C．putting on D．setting up 6．A．idea B．reply C．notice D．greeting 7．A．surprise B．interest C．doubt D．hope 8．A．fail B．try C．wish D．manage 9．A．offer B．promise C．mess D．difference 10．A．habits B．expression C．rules D．feelings 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位路口警卫对路过的每辆车都像朋友一样挥手微笑，改变了整个街区的感受。 1．句意：他给了我一个困惑，这一切都是因为他向我挥手，就像有人见到亲密朋友一样。 hit击打；disagreed反对；presented提出，呈现；bored令人厌烦。根据“...me with a puzzle.”可知此处是present sb. with sth“把某物呈递给某人”，故选C。 2．句意：他挥手时面带灿烂的笑容。 shy害羞的；false错误的；funny滑稽的；bright灿烂的。结合语境可知，他面带微笑的向作者挥手，bright smile“灿烂的笑容”，故选D。 3．句意：在接下来的几天里，我试着研究他的脸，看看我是否认识他。 research调查；study研究；realize理解；explain解释。根据“For the next few days I tried to...his face to see if I knew him.”可知，作者想仔细看看是否认识他，故选B。 4．句意：也许他把我误认成别人了。 praised表扬；respected尊重；mistaken误认；remembered记得。根据“I didn’t.”和“By the time I was quite sure that he and I were strangers”可知，作者不认识他，或许他把作者误认成了别人。故选C。 5．句意：当我开车接近学校时，他站在路中央，手里举着停车标志。 holding out举起；handing in上交；putting on穿上；setting up建立。根据“he lowered his sign and let the cars through”可知，当作者开车接近学校时，警卫手里举着停车标志。故选A。 6．句意：第二辆车也受到了警卫同样问候，司机是一名商人向对方挥手回应。 idea想法；reply回复；notice通知；greeting问候。根据“To the first car he waved and smiled in just the same way he had done to me over the last few days.”可知，他也对第二辆车挥手微笑，即得到了同样的问候。故选D。 7．句意：每天早上，我继续饶有兴趣地看着那个男人。 surprise吃惊；interest兴趣；doubt怀疑；hope希望。根据“Each of the following car of kids on their way to school responded heartily.”可知，他对路过的每辆车都热情地挥手和微笑，使作者很感兴趣。故选B。 8．句意：到目前为止，我还没有看到任何人不挥手回应。 fail失败；try尝试；wish希望；manage完成。根据“Each of the following car of kids on their way to school responded heartily.”可知，路过的每个人都对他的挥手做出回应。故选A。 9．句意：我觉得有趣的是，一个人只需做一件简单的事情，比如热情地挥手和微笑，就能改变这么多人的生活。 offer提供；promise承诺；mess凌乱；difference不同。根据“I find it interesting that one person can make such a(n)...to so many people’s lives”可知，空处考查make a difference短语，意为“有影响”，故选D。 10．句意：他友好地挥手，面带微笑，改变了整个街区的感受。 habits习惯；expression表情；rules规则；feelings感觉。根据“I find it interesting that one person can make such a difference to so many people’s lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly.”可知，警卫的这一行为温暖了整个街区。故选D。 二、阅读理解(40分) 第一节 阅读下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(共15小题，每小题1.5分) A Helen Thayer, one of the greatest explorers of the 20th century, loves challenges. She says,“I like to see what’s on the other side of the hill she has gone almost everywhere to do that. In 1988, at the age of 50 ,she became the first woman to travel alone to the North Pole. She pulled her own sled (雪橇) with 160 pounds of supplies, and during her trip no one brought her fresh supplies. Accompanied only by her dog Charlie, she survived cold weather and meetings with polar bears. In fact, Charlie saved her life when one of them attacked her. Near the end of her trip. a strong wind blew away most of her supplies. The last week of the trip, she survived on a little food and water each day. Helen goes to challenging places not only for adventure, but also for education. Before her Arctic journey, she started a website called Adventure Classroom. On the site, she shares her adventures in order to encourage students. She explains. “Although kids often see the world in anegativeway, without hope for their future, we work to encourage them to set goals, plan for success and never give up …” Helen grew up in New Zealand. Her parents were athletes and mountain-climbers. Following her parents’ example, she climbed her first mountain at nine. Later she climbed the highest mountains in North and South America, the former USSR and New Zealand. In 1996, she took on another challenge-the Sahara Desert. She and her husband, Bill, walked 2,400 miles across it! In 2001 , she and Bill travelled on foot from west to east through the Gobi Desert in Mongolia. They hope to travel in mainland China into Sichuan and Xizang to study pandas next time. Helen plans to continue taking trips. She’ll use her drawings, writing, photography and environmental work to create programs for herAdventure Classroom website. She wants to encourage her students never to stop facing challenges! 11．What happened to Helen Thayer during the trip to the North Pole? A．She caught a bad cold. B．She was attacked by a polar bear. C．Her dog Charlie was badly hurt. D．She lost all her food. 12．The underlined word“negative” in Paragraph 3 means “________” in Chinese. A．乐观的 B．相似的 C．普通的 D．消极的 13．Which place hasn’t Helen Thayer been to in this article? A．Xizang. B．New Zealand. C．South America. D．The Sahara Desert. 14．Which of the following is true according to the article? A．Helen Thayer was the first woman to travel to the South Pole. B．Helen Thayer started a website to teach children how to climb. C．Helen Thayer climbed her first mountain when she was nine. D．Helen and her husband travelled through the Gobi Desert in 1996. 15．What is the best title of this article? A．Helen Thayer and Her Dog. B．Taking Trips in Dangerous Places. C．Adventure Classroom — A Helpful Website. D．Helen Thayer — A Great Explorer. 【答案】 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文主要介绍著名女探险家海伦·泰勒的有关经历：北极之旅、创建“冒险课堂”和徒步穿越撒哈拉大沙漠。 【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段“Accompanied only by her dog Charlie, she survived cold weather and meetings with polar bears. In fact, Charlie saved her life when one of them attacked her”，可知一只北极熊袭击了她，故选B。 2.词义猜测题。根据下文“without hope for their future, we work to encourage them to set goals”，可知他们比较消极，故选D。 3.细节理解题。根据第四段“They hope to travel in mainland China into Sichuan and Xizang to study pandas next time”，可知他们希望去西藏但还没去。故选A。 4.细节判断题。根据“Following her parents’ example, she climbed her first mountain at nine”，可知她九岁时第一次爬上了山；Helen Thayer climbed her first mountain when she was nine说法正确，故选C。 5.主旨大意题。通读全文，结合开头“Helen Thayer, one of the greatest explorers of the 20th century, loves challenges”，可知本文主要介绍探险家Helen Thayer的有关事迹。Helen Thayer — A Great Explorer符合文意，故选D。 B Do you know anything about the moon? Have you ever seen anyone on the moon? With the same questions as you, Lisa found the following information about the moon. It takes about a month for the moon to go around the earth. When the moon is between the earth and the sun, we can see a new moon. When the earth lies between the sun and the moon, we can see a full (满的) moon. It was believed that the distance between the moon and the earth was only 20, 000 kilometers at the start. But now the moon is over 380,000 kilometers away from the earth. Over time, the two will get further and further apart (分开的). Besides the earth, the moon is another place where people have landed in space. In 1959, people took the first picture of the far side of the moon. Since then, people have used some machines to find more about the moon. Through these trips, we now know the moon better. With the development of science, people never stop exploring (探索) the moon. 16．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By telling stories. C．By comparing. D．By showing facts. 17．When can we see the full moon? A．When the earth is far away from the sun. B．When the moon is far away from the sun. C．When the earth lies between the sun and the moon. D．When the moon lies between the earth and the moon. 18．What does the underlined word “distance” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese? A．差异 B．距离 C．特点 D．形状 19．When did people take the first picture of the far side of the moon? A．In 1938. B．In 1959. C．In 1969. D．In 2000. 20．Which of the following is true? A．Now the moon is 380,000 kilometers away from the earth. B．It takes about a year for the moon to go around the earth. C．People have used some machines to find more about the moon. D．People will stop exploring the moon. 【答案】 16．A 17．C 18．B 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了有关月球的相关情况。 16．细节理解题。根据“Do you know anything about the moon? Have you ever seen anyone on the moon?”可知，通过提出问题来开始的，故选A。 17．细节理解题。根据“When the earth lies between the sun and the moon, we can see a full (满的) moon.”可知，当地球位于太阳和月亮之间时，我们可以看到满月，故选C。 18．词义猜测题。根据“ the distance between the moon and the earth was only 20, 000 kilometers at the start.”可知，2万公里是指从月球到地球的距离，所以划线部分表示“距离”，故选B。 19．细节理解题。根据“In 1959, people took the first picture of the far side of the moon.”可知，1959年，人们拍摄了第一张月球背面的照片，故选B。 20．细节理解题。根据“Since then, people have used some machines to find more about the moon. Through these trips, we now know the moon better.”可知，人们已经使用一些机器来发现更多关于月球的信息，故选C。 C Wukong, Tiangong, Tianwen… Do you know where these names of Chinese space programs come from? Wukong, the Dark Matter Particle Explorer satellite (暗物质粒子探测卫星), is named after the Monkey King, a Chinese superhero. According to Journey to the West, the Monkey King has a pair of sharp eyes which can tell the difference between good and evil. The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as the Monkey King, helping scientists search for dark matter in space. The name of the space station, Tiangong, means “Heavenly Palace”. In Chinese myths (神话) this is the home of Tian Di (Heavenly Emperor). Now Tiangong Space Station is a home for Chinese astronauts in space. And China welcomes foreign astronauts to Tiangong, so they can work together in the future. Tianwen, China’s Mars mission (火星任务), is named after the poem Tianwen by Qu Yuan, a well-known poet from ancient China. In Tianwen, he asked the questions about the sky, stars, nature, myths and the real world, showing his hunger for the truth. Perhaps the Tianwen mission will help answer some of Qu Yuan’s questions. If you look into more Chinese space programs, you will find that their names all have beautiful meanings. We, the Chinese people, have a long-cherished (珍藏已久的) space dream, so the naming of Chinese space programs is taken very seriously. 21．How does the writer introduce the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By listing a number. B．By giving an example. C．By asking a question. D．By answering a question. 22．What does the underlined word “evil” mean? A．Honesty. B．Badness. C．Kindness. D．Ugliness. 23．What do the satellite Wukong and the Monkey King have in common (相似)? A．They’re both sharp-eyed. B．They’re both superheroes. C．They both help with scientific studies. D．They both help the good and punish the bad. 24．What is Tiangong used for? A．It’s used for searching dark matter. B．It’s used to explore (探索) Mars. C．It’s used to send astronauts to space. D．It’s used as a home for the astronauts in space. 25．Why do we take the naming of Chinese space programs seriously? A．We want to land on Mars. B．We want to protect the Earth. C．We have the hunger for truth. D．We have a dream for space. 【答案】 21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空项目命名的由来。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Wukong, Tiangong, Tianwen… Do you know where these names of Chinese space programs come from?”可知，文章是以问问题来开篇的。故选C。 22．词句猜测题。根据“According to Journey to the West, the Monkey King has a pair of sharp eyes which can tell the difference between good and evil.”及常识可知，根据《西游记》，孙悟空有一双锐利的眼睛，可以分辨善恶，所以划线部分的含义是“邪恶”，所以B项符合。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as the Monkey King, helping scientists search for dark matter in space.”可知，卫星悟空和孙悟空的共同之处在于两者都有着锐利的眼睛。故选A。 24．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Now Tiangong Space Station is a home for Chinese astronauts in space.”可知，天宫空间站是中国宇航员的太空家园。故选D。 25．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We, the Chinese people, have a long-cherished (珍藏已久的) space dream, so the naming of Chinese space programs is taken very seriously.”可知，我们认真对待中国太空计划的命名，因为我们有一个太空梦想。故选D。 第二节 阅读还原6选5(共5小题，每小题2分) 阅读下面短文，并从文后的六个选项中选择五个还原到原文，使原文的意思连贯、完整。 Many people believe that one day, we may leave the Earth to make our home among the stars. At that time, many people, including you, might live in a space station 200 miles above the Earth. Space Cities There will be cities like the one we are living in now. 26 Hundreds, or even thousands, of people will live, work and go to school there. In fact, we have explored(探索) part of the Moon, and even sent spaceships to the surface of Venus and Mars. 27 Go into Space The Moon is full of valuable metals. These metals—if we got them—could be used to build factories and space stations. 28 In that case, more energy can be turned into electricity—for creating comfortable living conditions. From space, too, we can look down on the Earth and study the atmosphere, its weather, and the influence of air pollution to save it. At Home in Space 29 For example, we have to protect ourselves from the ultraviolet(紫外线) because it can give us bad sunburns. Besides, our bones(骨头) will become weaker if we stay out in space for a long time. But we’ll surely find out the solution. Yet, these risks won’t keep people from going into space. 30 And people will live there with many different interests—medicine, farming, teaching and so on. The next hundred years will be filled with other worldly adventures, exciting scientific discoveries, and danger, as humans leave the Earth—perhaps forever. A．But outer space can be a dangerous place. B．It seems impossible to live in the outer space. C．Finally, Earth-like environment will be built in space. D．Without doubt, the research of space has already begun. E．Also, in space, there is no air to prevent the sun’s energy. F．Space schools, hospitals, factories and farms will be built. 【答案】 26．F 27．D 28．E 29．A 30．C 【导语】本文作者畅想了人类未来的太空生活。 26．根据上一句“There will be cities like the one we are living in now.”可知，将会有像我们现在生活的那样的城市。此处应是介绍城市的样子。选项F“将建造太空学校、医院、工厂和农场。”符合语境。故选F。 27．根据上一句“In fact, we have explored(探索) part of the Moon, and even sent spaceships to the surface of Venus and Mars.”可知，事实上，我们已经探索了月球的一部分，甚至向金星和火星表面派遣了宇宙飞船。此处应是谈到探索外太空的话题。选项D“毫无疑问，太空研究已经开始。”符合语境。故选D。 28．根据下一句“In that case, more energy can be turned into electricity—for creating comfortable living conditions.”可知，在这种情况下，更多的能源可以转化为电力，创造舒适的生活条件。此处应是谈到能源问题。选项E“此外，在太空中，没有空气可以阻挡太阳的能量。”符合语境。故选E。 29．根据下文“For example, we have to protect ourselves from the ultraviolet(紫外线) because it can give us bad sunburns. Besides, our bones(骨头) will become weaker if we stay out in space for a long time.”可知，例如，我们必须保护自己免受紫外线的伤害，因为紫外线会给我们带来严重的晒伤。此外，如果我们长时间待在太空中，我们的骨骼会变得更弱。此处应是谈到外太空的一些危险因素。选项A“但是外太空也可能是一个危险的地方。”符合语境。故选A。 30．根据下一句“And people will live there with many different interests—medicine, farming, teaching and so on.”可知，人们会带着许多不同的兴趣生活在那里——医学、农业、教学等等。此处应是介绍太空的人类生活会是如何的。选项C“最后，类似地球的环境将建立在太空中。”符合语境。故选C。 时间待在太空中，我们的骨骼会变得更弱。此处应是谈到外太空的一些危险因素。选项A“但是外太空也可能是一个危险的地方。”符合语境。故选A。 30．根据下一句“And people will live there with many different interests—medicine, farming, teaching and so on.”可知，人们会带着许多不同的兴趣生活在那里——医学、农业、教学等等。此处应是介绍太空的人类生活会是如何的。选项C“最后，类似地球的环境将建立在太空中。”符合语境。故选C。 第三节 阅读匹配 (共5小题，每小题1.5分) 左栏是五位中学生的情况介绍，右栏是对七个职业的描述。请为每一位学生选择一份最适合的未来职业。 31 Huang Tao likes space so much that he has read lots of books about it. He is strict with himself and looks forward to getting into space one day. 32 Liang Dong enjoys reading and storytelling a lot. Sharing what he experienced is a great joy to him. He dreams to write a book that can change the way people see the world and inspire them to act. 33 Wang Hai has always dreamed of being able to fly since he was a little child. And he likes talking with others and making friends. That’s what he is always proud of. 34 Li Mei was born to be a good listener. She loves helping kids learn new things and gain confidence. And she wants to make a difference in young people’s lives. 35 Each time when Chen Hong sees people who have serious health problems. She really wants to take away their pain through her hard work. A．They are trained to pilot a plane in order to fly passengers and goods from one place to another. Communication skills are important parts of their job. B．They are persons who use written words in different writing styles and skills to communicate ideas or influence others. Actually, they are good readers and thinkers as well. C． They fight with bad guys and keep the peace of the society. They are usually regarded as heroes in their communities because of the dangerous situations they often meet in service to the pubic. D．They are highly skilled persons who work to control and put out fires, as well as to save people in need. Another important part of their work is to avoid future fires. E. They’re specially trained to fly into the outer space, work in space and do activities about human space exploration（探索）. The training for them is quite strict because every trip into space can be a walk between life and death. F. They are skilled in the science of medicine and are trained to treat patients. They usually work long hours. They bring happiness to many people and their family. G. Their main role is to help others learn. They are always skilled in communicating and listening. What they are very good at is to encourage children to be their best. 【答案】 31．E 32．B 33．A 34．G 35．F 【导语】本文主要介绍了五位学生的梦想职业和七份职业的具体工作内容。 31．根据“Huang Tao likes space so much that he has read lots of books about it. He is strict with himself and looks forward to getting into space one day.”可知，黄涛非常喜欢太空，所以他读了很多关于太空的书。他对自己要求很高，期待有一天能进入太空。选项E“他们受过专门训练，可以飞入外层空间，在太空工作，并从事有关人类太空探索的活动。对他们的训练相当严格，因为每一次太空之旅都可能是在生与死之间徘徊。”与之匹配。故选E。 32．根据“Liang Dong enjoys reading and storytelling a lot. Sharing what he experienced is a great joy to him. He dreams to write a book that can change the way people see the world and inspire them to act.”可知，梁东非常喜欢读书和讲故事。分享自己的经历对他来说是一种巨大的快乐。他梦想写一本书，改变人们看待世界的方式，激励他们行动起来。选项B“他们是使用不同写作风格和技能的书面文字来交流想法或影响他人的人。事实上，他们也是优秀的读者和思想家。”与之匹配。故选B。 33．根据“Wang Hai has always dreamed of being able to fly since he was a little child. And he likes talking with others and making friends.”可知，王海从小就梦想着能飞。他喜欢和别人交谈和交朋友。选项A“他们接受的训练是驾驶飞机，将乘客和货物从一个地方运送到另一个地方。沟通技巧是他们工作的重要组成部分。”与之匹配。故选A。 34．根据“Li Mei was born to be a good listener. She loves helping kids learn new things and gain confidence. And she wants to make a difference in young people’s lives.”可知，李梅天生就是一个善于倾听的人。她喜欢帮助孩子们学习新事物并获得自信。她想改变年轻人的生活。选项G“他们的主要作用是帮助他人学习。他们总是善于沟通和倾听。他们非常擅长的是鼓励孩子们做到最好。”与之匹配。故选G。 35．根据“Each time when Chen Hong sees people who have serious health problems. She really wants to take away their pain through her hard work.”可知，每次陈红看到有严重的健康问题的人。她真的想通过自己的辛勤工作来减轻他们的痛苦。选项F“他们精通医学，受过治疗病人的训练。他们通常工作很长时间。他们给许多人和他们的家人带来了幸福。”与之匹配。故选F。 三、短文填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 “I feel great!” said Wang Yaping when she came out of the Tiangong space station. 36 November 7, the 41-year-old made history. She became China’s 37 (one) female space walker! Wang, together with astronaut Zhai Zhigang, completed a 6.5-hour spacewalk. Wang’s space dream started in 2003. In that year, China 38 (send) Yang Liwei into space. In order to achieve 39 (she) dream, she pushed herself hard and got the same training as men. Since 1984, only 16 women around the world 40 (do) spacewalks, according to Global Times. But female space walkers are very important to space exploration (探索). Yang said that humans may live on some other 41 (planet) someday. Wang said that as astronauts, women have their own advantages. Women can better deal with loneliness, so it is much 42 (easy) for them to stay longer in space. It is very important 43 (study) how female bodies fit the space environment. That’s 44 Wang’s spacewalk is important. If you have a chance, will you choose to become 45 astronaut and do the spacewalk? Why? 【答案】 36．On 37．first 38．sent 39．her 40．have done 41．planets 42．easier 43．to study 44．why 45．an 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国宇航员王亚平成为第一个完成太空行走的中国女性，以及女性宇航员具有的优势。 36．句意：在11月7日，41岁的她创造了历史。根据“November 7”可知日期具体到日，其前应用介词on，位于句首首字母需要大写，故填On。 37．句意：她成为中国第一位女性太空漫步者。根据语境可知，此处应是说王是中国第一位女性太空漫步者，故填first。 38．句意：在那一年，中国送杨利伟进入太空。根据“in that year”可知句子时态为一般过去时，故填sent。 39．句意：为了实现她的梦想，她鞭策自己并且接受了和男人一样的训练。根据“dream”为名词可知，此处应填其形容词性物主代词形式，故填her。 40．句意：据《环球时报》报道，自从1984年以来，全球只有16名女性进行过太空行走。根据“since1984”可知句子时态为现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，而主语“16 women”为复数，故填have done。 41．句意：杨说有一天人类可能会生活在其他星球上。根据“other”可知此处应填名词复数形式，故填planets。 42．句意：女性能更好地应对孤独，所以对于她们来说待在太空更长时间是更容易的。根据“Women can better deal with loneliness”和“it is much...for them to stay longer in space”可知此处应用形容词的比较级形式，故填easier。 43．句意：研究女性身体如何适应太空环境是非常重要的。分析句子可知，句子为“it is+adj.+to do”结构，动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to study。 44．句意：这就是为什么王的太空行走很重要。根据“Women can better deal with loneliness, so it is much...for them to stay longer in space. It is very important...how female bodies fit the space environment.”和“Wang’s spacewalk is important”可知二者为因果关系，所以此处应填why引导表语从句，故填why。 45．句意：如果你有机会，你会选择成为一个宇航员进行太空行走吗？根据“astronaut”为表示职业的名词可知，此处泛指成为一名宇航员，应填不定冠词，而“astronaut”为元音音素开头，故填an。 四、书面表达(15分) 太空是浩瀚的、神秘的。人类对宇宙一直不断地探索，请根据你所学的太空知识，描述一下你心目中的宇宙。再结合你自己的感想，向同学们说说你未来的打算。可适当发挥。内容包括： (1) universe, galaxy, solar system, earth, moon; (2) scientists, do research about, Chinese space station; (3) astronaut, in the future. 作文要求： (1)不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和考生的真实姓名。 (2)语句连贯，词数80个左右。作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 Hello, everybody! It’s my turn to tell you something about the space.___________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Hello, everybody! It’s my turn to tell you something about the space. As you know, the universe is very large. There are many galaxies in the universe. For example, the galaxy has billions of stars. The sun is one of them in the solar system. The earth goes round the sun and the moon goes round the earth. So far, scientists have done a lot of research about space. Especially, our Chinese astronauts have been to the space many times. We have built a great space station. Now, they are working in our own space station. I am very proud of our country. So I will study hard. I will be an astronaut in the future. What about you? Thanks. 【详解】[总体分析] ① 题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“现在完成时”； ③ 提示：文章的要点是通过关键词的形式给出，因此考生应注意围绕中心和关键词来对要点进行拓展，并符合逻辑结构，重点突出。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图，可用“轮到我来给你讲一下太空”来引出主题，即关于宇宙的介绍； 第二步，围绕关键词串联起科学家所做的事情，注意此处文章时态可以“现在完成时”为主； 第三步，结尾总结，表明自己想成为宇航员的意原，去探索宇宙。 [亮点词汇] ① billions of上十亿的 ② one of其中之一 ③ so far到目前为止 ④ be proud of为……自豪 [高分句型] ① It’s my turn to tell you something about the space.（it’s ones turn to do sth表示轮到某人做某事） ② The earth goes round the sun and the moon goes round the earth.（并列连词and连接的两个并列句子） 答案第10页，共10页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 1 Great explorations (B卷·培优卷） （时间：70分钟，满分：75分） 一、完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 The first time I remembered noticing the crossing guard was when he waved to me as I drove my son to school. He 1 me with a puzzle—all because he waved to me like someone does on seeing a close friend. There was a big, 2 smile accompanied his wave. For the next few days I tried to 3 his face to see if I knew him. I didn’t. Perhaps he had 4 me for someone else. By the time I was quite sure that he and I were strangers, we were greeting each other warmly every morning like old friends. Then one day I found out the truth. As I drove near to school he was standing in the middle of the road 5 his stop sign. I was in line behind four cars. After the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk, he lowered his sign and let the cars through. To the first car he waved and smiled in just the same way he had done to me over the last few days. The kids already had the window down and were happily waving their reply. The second car got the same 6 from the crossing guard, and the driver, a businessman, gave a short wave back. Each of the following car of kids on their way to school responded heartily. Every morning I continued to watch the man with 7 . So far I haven’t seen anyone 8 to wave back. I find it interesting that one person can make such a(n) 9 to so many people’s lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly. His cheerfulness armed the start of my day. With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the 10 of the whole neighborhood. 1．A．hit B．disagreed C．presented D．bored 2．A．shy B．false C．funny D．bright 3．A．research B．study C．realize D．explain 4．A．praised B．respected C．mistaken D．remembered 5．A．holding out B．handing in C．putting on D．setting up 6．A．idea B．reply C．notice D．greeting 7．A．surprise B．interest C．doubt D．hope 8．A．fail B．try C．wish D．manage 9．A．offer B．promise C．mess D．difference 10．A．habits B．expression C．rules D．feelings 二、阅读理解(40分) 第一节 阅读下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(共15小题，每小题1.5分) A Helen Thayer, one of the greatest explorers of the 20th century, loves challenges. She says,“I like to see what’s on the other side of the hill she has gone almost everywhere to do that. In 1988, at the age of 50 ,she became the first woman to travel alone to the North Pole. She pulled her own sled (雪橇) with 160 pounds of supplies, and during her trip no one brought her fresh supplies. Accompanied only by her dog Charlie, she survived cold weather and meetings with polar bears. In fact, Charlie saved her life when one of them attacked her. Near the end of her trip. a strong wind blew away most of her supplies. The last week of the trip, she survived on a little food and water each day. Helen goes to challenging places not only for adventure, but also for education. Before her Arctic journey, she started a website called Adventure Classroom. On the site, she shares her adventures in order to encourage students. She explains. “Although kids often see the world in anegativeway, without hope for their future, we work to encourage them to set goals, plan for success and never give up …” Helen grew up in New Zealand. Her parents were athletes and mountain-climbers. Following her parents’ example, she climbed her first mountain at nine. Later she climbed the highest mountains in North and South America, the former USSR and New Zealand. In 1996, she took on another challenge-the Sahara Desert. She and her husband, Bill, walked 2,400 miles across it! In 2001 , she and Bill travelled on foot from west to east through the Gobi Desert in Mongolia. They hope to travel in mainland China into Sichuan and Xizang to study pandas next time. Helen plans to continue taking trips. She’ll use her drawings, writing, photography and environmental work to create programs for herAdventure Classroom website. She wants to encourage her students never to stop facing challenges! 11．What happened to Helen Thayer during the trip to the North Pole? A．She caught a bad cold. B．She was attacked by a polar bear. C．Her dog Charlie was badly hurt. D．She lost all her food. 12．The underlined word“negative” in Paragraph 3 means “________” in Chinese. A．乐观的 B．相似的 C．普通的 D．消极的 13．Which place hasn’t Helen Thayer been to in this article? A．Xizang. B．New Zealand. C．South America. D．The Sahara Desert. 14．Which of the following is true according to the article? A．Helen Thayer was the first woman to travel to the South Pole. B．Helen Thayer started a website to teach children how to climb. C．Helen Thayer climbed her first mountain when she was nine. D．Helen and her husband travelled through the Gobi Desert in 1996. 15．What is the best title of this article? A．Helen Thayer and Her Dog. B．Taking Trips in Dangerous Places. C．Adventure Classroom — A Helpful Website. D．Helen Thayer — A Great Explorer. B Do you know anything about the moon? Have you ever seen anyone on the moon? With the same questions as you, Lisa found the following information about the moon. It takes about a month for the moon to go around the earth. When the moon is between the earth and the sun, we can see a new moon. When the earth lies between the sun and the moon, we can see a full (满的) moon. It was believed that the distance between the moon and the earth was only 20, 000 kilometers at the start. But now the moon is over 380,000 kilometers away from the earth. Over time, the two will get further and further apart (分开的). Besides the earth, the moon is another place where people have landed in space. In 1959, people took the first picture of the far side of the moon. Since then, people have used some machines to find more about the moon. Through these trips, we now know the moon better. With the development of science, people never stop exploring (探索) the moon. 16．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By telling stories. C．By comparing. D．By showing facts. 17．When can we see the full moon? A．When the earth is far away from the sun. B．When the moon is far away from the sun. C．When the earth lies between the sun and the moon. D．When the moon lies between the earth and the moon. 18．What does the underlined word “distance” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese? A．差异 B．距离 C．特点 D．形状 19．When did people take the first picture of the far side of the moon? A．In 1938. B．In 1959. C．In 1969. D．In 2000. 20．Which of the following is true? A．Now the moon is 380,000 kilometers away from the earth. B．It takes about a year for the moon to go around the earth. C．People have used some machines to find more about the moon. D．People will stop exploring the moon. C Wukong, Tiangong, Tianwen… Do you know where these names of Chinese space programs come from? Wukong, the Dark Matter Particle Explorer satellite (暗物质粒子探测卫星), is named after the Monkey King, a Chinese superhero. According to Journey to the West, the Monkey King has a pair of sharp eyes which can tell the difference between good and evil. The Wukong satellite is just as sharp-eyed as the Monkey King, helping scientists search for dark matter in space. The name of the space station, Tiangong, means “Heavenly Palace”. In Chinese myths (神话) this is the home of Tian Di (Heavenly Emperor). Now Tiangong Space Station is a home for Chinese astronauts in space. And China welcomes foreign astronauts to Tiangong, so they can work together in the future. Tianwen, China’s Mars mission (火星任务), is named after the poem Tianwen by Qu Yuan, a well-known poet from ancient China. In Tianwen, he asked the questions about the sky, stars, nature, myths and the real world, showing his hunger for the truth. Perhaps the Tianwen mission will help answer some of Qu Yuan’s questions. If you look into more Chinese space programs, you will find that their names all have beautiful meanings. We, the Chinese people, have a long-cherished (珍藏已久的) space dream, so the naming of Chinese space programs is taken very seriously. 21．How does the writer introduce the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By listing a number. B．By giving an example. C．By asking a question. D．By answering a question. 22．What does the underlined word “evil” mean? A．Honesty. B．Badness. C．Kindness. D．Ugliness. 23．What do the satellite Wukong and the Monkey King have in common (相似)? A．They’re both sharp-eyed. B．They’re both superheroes. C．They both help with scientific studies. D．They both help the good and punish the bad. 24．What is Tiangong used for? A．It’s used for searching dark matter. B．It’s used to explore (探索) Mars. C．It’s used to send astronauts to space. D．It’s used as a home for the astronauts in space. 25．Why do we take the naming of Chinese space programs seriously? A．We want to land on Mars. B．We want to protect the Earth. C．We have the hunger for truth. D．We have a dream for space. 第二节 阅读还原6选5(共5小题，每小题2分) 阅读下面短文，并从文后的六个选项中选择五个还原到原文，使原文的意思连贯、完整。 Many people believe that one day, we may leave the Earth to make our home among the stars. At that time, many people, including you, might live in a space station 200 miles above the Earth. Space Cities There will be cities like the one we are living in now. 26 Hundreds, or even thousands, of people will live, work and go to school there. In fact, we have explored(探索) part of the Moon, and even sent spaceships to the surface of Venus and Mars. 27 Go into Space The Moon is full of valuable metals. These metals—if we got them—could be used to build factories and space stations. 28 In that case, more energy can be turned into electricity—for creating comfortable living conditions. From space, too, we can look down on the Earth and study the atmosphere, its weather, and the influence of air pollution to save it. At Home in Space 29 For example, we have to protect ourselves from the ultraviolet(紫外线) because it can give us bad sunburns. Besides, our bones(骨头) will become weaker if we stay out in space for a long time. But we’ll surely find out the solution. Yet, these risks won’t keep people from going into space. 30 And people will live there with many different interests—medicine, farming, teaching and so on. The next hundred years will be filled with other worldly adventures, exciting scientific discoveries, and danger, as humans leave the Earth—perhaps forever. A．But outer space can be a dangerous place. B．It seems impossible to live in the outer space. C．Finally, Earth-like environment will be built in space. D．Without doubt, the research of space has already begun. E．Also, in space, there is no air to prevent the sun’s energy. F．Space schools, hospitals, factories and farms will be built. 第三节 阅读匹配 (共5小题，每小题1.5分) 左栏是五位中学生的情况介绍，右栏是对七个职业的描述。请为每一位学生选择一份最适合的未来职业。 31 Huang Tao likes space so much that he has read lots of books about it. He is strict with himself and looks forward to getting into space one day. 32 Liang Dong enjoys reading and storytelling a lot. Sharing what he experienced is a great joy to him. He dreams to write a book that can change the way people see the world and inspire them to act. 33 Wang Hai has always dreamed of being able to fly since he was a little child. And he likes talking with others and making friends. That’s what he is always proud of. 34 Li Mei was born to be a good listener. She loves helping kids learn new things and gain confidence. And she wants to make a difference in young people’s lives. 35 Each time when Chen Hong sees people who have serious health problems. She really wants to take away their pain through her hard work. A．They are trained to pilot a plane in order to fly passengers and goods from one place to another. Communication skills are important parts of their job. B．They are persons who use written words in different writing styles and skills to communicate ideas or influence others. Actually, they are good readers and thinkers as well. C． They fight with bad guys and keep the peace of the society. They are usually regarded as heroes in their communities because of the dangerous situations they often meet in service to the pubic. D．They are highly skilled persons who work to control and put out fires, as well as to save people in need. Another important part of their work is to avoid future fires. E. They’re specially trained to fly into the outer space, work in space and do activities about human space exploration（探索）. The training for them is quite strict because every trip into space can be a walk between life and death. F. They are skilled in the science of medicine and are trained to treat patients. They usually work long hours. They bring happiness to many people and their family. G. Their main role is to help others learn. They are always skilled in communicating and listening. What they are very good at is to encourage children to be their best. 三、短文填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 “I feel great!” said Wang Yaping when she came out of the Tiangong space station. 36 November 7, the 41-year-old made history. She became China’s 37 (one) female space walker! Wang, together with astronaut Zhai Zhigang, completed a 6.5-hour spacewalk. Wang’s space dream started in 2003. In that year, China 38 (send) Yang Liwei into space. In order to achieve 39 (she) dream, she pushed herself hard and got the same training as men. Since 1984, only 16 women around the world 40 (do) spacewalks, according to Global Times. But female space walkers are very important to space exploration (探索). Yang said that humans may live on some other 41 (planet) someday. Wang said that as astronauts, women have their own advantages. Women can better deal with loneliness, so it is much 42 (easy) for them to stay longer in space. It is very important 43 (study) how female bodies fit the space environment. That’s 44 Wang’s spacewalk is important. If you have a chance, will you choose to become 45 astronaut and do the spacewalk? Why? 4、 书面表达(15分) 太空是浩瀚的、神秘的。人类对宇宙一直不断地探索，请根据你所学的太空知识，描述一下你心目中的宇宙。再结合你自己的感想，向同学们说说你未来的打算。可适当发挥。内容包括： (1) universe, galaxy, solar system, earth, moon; (2) scientists, do research about, Chinese space station; (3) astronaut, in the future. 作文要求： (1)不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和考生的真实姓名。 (2)语句连贯，词数80个左右。作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 Hello, everybody! It’s my turn to tell you something about the space.___________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案第10页，共10页 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$