精品解析：湖南省邵阳市武冈市2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

2024年下学期期中考试试卷 高二英语 注意事项： 1. 本试卷考试时量120分钟，满分150分; 2. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上; 3. 请将答案填写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效，请勿折叠答题卡，答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，共7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Which animal would win a jumping contest according to the woman? A.A frog. B.A rabbit. C.A kangaroo. 2. Who is the woman talking to? A.A workman. B.A co-worker. C. Her husband. 3. What is important to the man? A. The cost. B. The time. C. The airline. 4. What’s the weather like? A. Cool. B. Cold. C. Warm. 5. What is the man likely to do? A. Drop out of school. B. Try to get a scholarship. C. Continue his studies. 第二节(共15小题;每题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Why does the man want to leave his present job? A. He wants a high salary. B. He needs to go to school at night. C He prefers a full-time job. 7. What is the man interested in? A. Computer games. B. Travel C. Language teaching. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What did the woman bring with her? A. A jacket. B. An umbrella C. A car key. 9. What does the woman think of the weather reports? A. They rarely lie. B. They are not reliable. C. They are always accurate. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Why does the man suggest the woman buy the black shoes? A. They’re cool. B. They’re cheap. C. They’re comfortable. 11. How much does a pair of pink shoes cost? A. 10 dollars. B. 15 dollars. C. 20 dollars. 12. What does the man advise the woman to do? A. To keep her old shoes. B. To buy the white shoes. C. To turn to her mother for help. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Sister and brother. C. Mother and son. 14. What pet does Cathy have? A. A dog. B. A parrot. C. A cat. 15. Why does the woman refuse to buy rabbits? A. They are ugly. B. They are smelly. C. They are hard to look after. 16. What will the speakers do next? A. Have a talk with Robert. B. Buy a snake as a pet. C. Go to the market. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is under repair now? A. The roof. B. The entrance hall. C. The outside walls. 18. Which room contains the attractive ceiling? A. The bedroom. B. The music room. C. The dining room. 19. Which place provides food every day? A. The kitchen. B. The garden. C. The tearoom. 20. How much is the ticket for a 10-year-old child? A. ₤3.50. B. ₤5.50. C.₤7.00. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Exciting Changes Coming Check out the highlights at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games: New scoring rules Olympic skateboarding has two disciplines: park and street. Park courses look like large pools with ramps where athletes perform tricks during two run while street courses create rails and steps for athletes to complete timed runs and perform great tricks. There will also be a new “scoring refusal” rule. With this rule, skaters can now cancel a trick’s score. This way, competitors can tell the judges to ignore a previous attempt at a trick so they can do a better job and achieve a higher score. New format Do you think sport climbing is just about being faster? Not really. In the Olympics, it includes three disciplines: bouldering (攀石), speed and lead. Speed climbing is the only discipline where faster is better. Lead climbing requires athletes to climb walls over 15 metres high in six minutes, the higher the better. As for bouldering, athletes climb a 4. 5-metre-high rock wall in a limited period of time and in the fewest attempts possible. In Tokyo, athletes competed in all three disciplines, with total scores reflecting combined performances. For Paris 2024, there will be two distinct Olympic climbing events. One will be a combined competition of bouldering and lead events, and the second will feature a speed event. New sport Breaking will make its Olympic debut at the Paris Olympic Games. It is a type of street dance that started in New York in the 1970s. It’s part of hip-pop culture and includes tough moves like spins and flips. It will feature 16 males and 16 females born by Dec 31, 2008. They will compete in one-on-one battles to music randomly chosen by a DJ. The participants will be judged on five aspects: musicality, performance, originality, technique and execution. 1. Why is a “scoring refusal” rule introduced in Olympic skateboarding? A. To perform more tricks. B. To change disciplines. C. To encourage better performance. D. To question judges. 2. In which event speed is the only judging standard? A. Bouldering climbing. B. Speed climbing. C. Lead Climbing. D. Park skateboarding. 3. Which of the following is the feature of breaking? A. It’s open to all age groups. B. It’s a traditional Olympic event. C. Athletes compete to specific music. D. It combines music, dance and strength. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述了2024年巴黎奥运会的三个亮点。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据小标题New scoring rules下的“There will also be a new “scoring refusal” rule. With this rule, skaters can now cancel a trick’s score. This way, competitors can tell the judges to ignore a previous attempt at a trick so they can do a better job and achieve a higher score. (还将有一条新的“评分拒绝”规则。根据此规则，滑冰者现在可以取消技巧的分数。这样，参赛者可以告诉裁判忽略之前的技巧尝试，这样他们就可以做得更好并获得更高的分数。)”可知，在奥运会滑板比赛中引入“拒绝评分”规则是为了鼓励更好的表现，故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据小标题New format下的“Speed climbing is the only discipline where faster is better. (速度攀岩是唯一一项速度越快越好的项目。)”可知，速度攀岩是唯一以速度为评判标准的项目，故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据New sport下的“It’s part of hip-pop culture and includes tough moves like spins and flips. (它是嘻哈流行文化的一部分，包括旋转和翻转等高难度动作。)”可知，breaking的特点是它结合了音乐、舞蹈和力量，故选D项。 B In 1885, a young doctor named Conan Doyle opened offices in London. He wanted to be a successful doctor, but for some reasons he never found enough patients. To pass the time, he began to write stories and send them to the newspapers. Conan Doyle’s stories were about a clever detective, Sherlock Holmes. Conan Doyle wrote that Sherlock Holmes lived in Baker Street in London, and people with problems came to him for help. Even police detectives came to Sherlock Holmes with their problems, too. He was able to solve mysteries that the cleverest policemen in England were unable to figure out. Sometimes Sherlock Holmes could solve a mystery without leaving his chair. He listened carefully to the information his client (委托人) gave and figured out the answer. At other times he spent days or weeks looking for clues. Sherlock Holmes traveled to different cities and countries to solve the mysteries. Sometimes he wore disguises, pretending to be an old man, or a sailor. Holmes did anything to find out the answer to the mysteries he was working on. His best friend Dr. Watson kept him company (陪伴) on most of his adventures. Sherlock Holmes is the most famous detective in English literature, but many people don’t understand that he is a fictional character, not a real person. The English post offices report that people still send mail to Sherlock Holmes in Baker Street. Even he gets more than 2,000 letters every year. 4. Conan Doyle began to write stories perhaps because ______. A. he had plenty of time B. he wanted to make more money C. most people were strong at the time D. he wanted to tell something about his patients 5. It can be inferred from the passage that ______. A. many people asked Conan Doyle to solve their mysteries B. Conan Doyle got a lot of experience in solving mysteries C. Conan Doyle was a person with great literary quality and talent D. Conan Doyle was able to help those who came to see him with their problems 6. The phrase “wore disguises” in the second paragraph means ______. A. introduced oneself B. seemed to be poor and helpless C. was in old clothes D. changed one’s clothes or one’s appearance 7. Which of the following is TRUE? A. In 1885, a young doctor named Conan Doyle opened offices in Paris. B. The character Conan Doyle wrote about was thought to be a real person by many people. C. To earn a lot of money, Conan Doyle began to write stories. D. Sherlock Holmes is still living in Baker Street and gets more than 2,000 letters. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了医生Conan Doyle为了打发时间开始写故事，他创作的小说里的人物非常成功，非常吸引人，以至于人们认为这个人物是真实存在的。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“To pass the time, he began to write stories and send them to the newspapers.(为了打发时间，他便开始写故事，并将写的故事发送到报社里)”可知，Conan Doyle开始写故事可能是因为时间太多了，为了打发时间。故选A。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Sherlock Holmes is the most famous detective in English literature, but many people don’t understand that he is a fictional character, not a real person.(Sherlock Holmes是英国文学史上有名的人物，但是很多人不知道他只是一个小说人物，并非真实存在的人)”可知，Conan Doyle创作的人物让人们以为是真实存在的人物。由此推知，Conan Doyle是一个文学素养和文学天赋很高的人。故选C。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Sometimes he wore disguises, pretending to be an old man, or a sailor. Holmes did anything to find out the answer to the mysteries he was working on.(有时他会乔装打扮一下，假装自己是一个老人，或者一个水手。为了找出事实的真相，他可以做任何事)”可知，此处后文“pretending to be an old man, or a sailor(假装成一个老年人或者一个水手)”是对“wore disguises”的解释。由此推知，划线词组“wore disguises”意思是“乔装打扮”。故选D。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The English post offices report that people still send mail to Sherlock Holmes in Baker Street. Even he gets more than 2,000 letters every year.(邮差说不少的人一直给Sherlock Holmes寄信，每年他会受到2000多封信)”可知，Conan Doyle创作的小说人物Sherlock Holmes，被很多人误解为真实存在的人。故选B。 C Nearly every week, we hear news about the latest successes and failures in driverless vehicles. But we hear little about how other industries are developing this same kind of technology. One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture. Companies are experimenting with high-tech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing environment-harming chemicals. One of the companies is ecoRobotix of SwitzerLand. It created a robot equipped with AI and cameras to identify all plants on a farm. The robot has four wheels to carry it through the fields in search of weeds. Computer-controlled arms then lower and spray the weeds with small amounts of herbicide(除草剂). Company officials say the robot can fully operate on its own for up to 12 hours a day while being powered by the sun. It uses the same kind of sensor and positioning technology used to guide driverless vehicles. A farmer can also control the equipment through a smart-phone. The co-founder of ecoRobotix, Aurelien Demaurex, says the farm robot can kill weeds with 20 times 1ess herbicide than traditional methods. This is because the system uses exactly the right amount of chemical in the exact place required to kill the weeds. Currently, farmers spread weed killers over massive areas to destroy unwanted plants. Another company developing farm robotics is California-based Blue River Technology. The company has a system called "See & Spray", which it claims was the world's first smart sprayer. The system-which connects to the back of a tractor-is also equipped with AI to identify and chemically kill only the weeds. It can also spray chemicals on wanted plants to help them grow. Ben Chostner, vice-president of business development for Blue River Technology, explains in a company video that See & Spray technology uses the same deep learning methods used in facial recognition. "The first time the machine saw a pigweed, it didn't know what kind of plant it was. But we taught it-by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed-and now it's an expert in pigweed. " 8. How will AI benefit agriculture? A. It will fund agriculture research. B. It contributes to low-cost farming. C. It can avoid harmful chemicals. D. It frees all farmers from field work. 9. What do the products of the two companies have in common? A They use recognition technology. B. They are powered by solar energy. C. They are connected with smart phones. D. They can help wanted plants grow rapidly. 10. What do Ben Chostner's words suggest about the robot? A. It is environmentally-friendly. B. It is good at self-improving. C. It has the learning ability. D. It can track various plants. 11. What is mainly talked about in the text？ A. The experiment in farming robots. B. New trend in artificial intelligence. C. Modern See & Spray technology. D. Artificial intelligence in agriculture. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。农业是研究和开发人工智能的重要行业之一。文章介绍了两家公司正在开发的高科技工具，可以帮助农民节省时间和金钱，同时减少对环境有害的化学物质。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。答案定位在第一段One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture. Companies are experimenting with high-tech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing environment-harming chemicals.（农业是研究和开发人工智能的重要行业之一。公司正在试验高科技工具，可以帮助农民节省时间和金钱，同时减少对环境有害的化学物质。）由此推断出，人工智能通过降低成本造福农业，故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。答案定位在第二段One of the companies is ecoRobotix of SwitzerLand, It created a robot equipped with AI and cameras to identify all plants on a farm（其中一家公司是瑞士的ecoRobotix，它创造了一个配备人工智能和摄像头的机器人，可以识别农场里的所有植物）和最后一段The system-which connects to the back of a tractor-is also equipped with AI to identify and chemically kill only the weeds.（该系统连接到拖拉机的后部，也配备了人工智能来识别和化学杀灭杂草。）可知，这两家公司的产品的共同之处是他们使用识别技术，故选A。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段Ben Chostner, vice-president of business development for Blue River Technology, explains in a company video that See & Spray technology uses the same deep learning methods used in facial recognition. "The first time the machine saw a pigweed, it didn't know what kind of plant it was. But we taught it-by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed-and now it's an expert in pigweed. "（Blue River Technology负责业务开发的副总Ben Chostner在一段公司视频中解释称，See & Spray Technology使用了与人脸识别相同的深度学习方法。“机器第一次看到杂草时，它不知道那是什么植物。但是我们通过给它成千上万的例子来教它——现在它是猪草方面的专家。”）由此推断出，Ben Chostner的话表明这个机器人有学习能力，故选C。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。第一段One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture.（农业是研究和开发人工智能(AI)的重要行业之一。）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了农业中的人工智能，故选D。 【点睛】推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。小题3，答案定位在最后一段Ben Chostner, vice-president of business development for Blue River Technology, explains in a company video that See & Spray technology uses the same deep Learning methods used in facial recognition. "The first time the machine saw a pigweed, it didn't know what kind of plant it was. But we taught it-by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed-and now it's an expert in pigweed. "（Blue River Technology负责业务开发的副Ben Chostner在一段公司视频中解释称，See & Spray Technology使用了与人脸识别相同的深度学习方法。“机器第一次看到杂草时，它不知道那是什么植物。但是我们通过给它成千上万的例子来教它——现在它是猪草方面的专家。”）由此推断出，Ben Chostner的话表明这个机器人有学习能力，故选C。 D Water poisoning is caused by too much consumption of water during a short period of time. Water in and of itself is not poisonous by any means, but rapid intake of a large quantity of water can break the careful balance of sodium(钠)in the body fluids(体液). This contributes to a swelling of the cells, often in the central nervous system, including the brain. When the cells can no longer bear the pressure, they can begin to die. This is indicated in serious forms of water poisoning. Symptoms of this condition include vomiting, headache and unresponsiveness. When the sodium in the blood falls to dangerous levels, brain damage and possibly death may occur. What is a fatal(致命的)amount of water can vary from person to person, depending on one’s state of health, his or her physical activity at the time, the temperature and the amount of time in which the person consumes the water. For some, a one-time consumption of three liters can prove deadly. Although the person consuming the water may lose a lot of fluid during heavy labor or exercise, the electrolytes(电解质)are not replaced fast enough to avoid water poisoning. Those particularly at risk for water poisoning are athletes engaged in long distance running like a marathon. Due to the need to replace large quantities of lost fluid, runners must drink a lot of water. This can lead to poisoning, so runners must replace their fluids with sports drinks that have added electrolytes. Other factors that contribute to water poisoning include activities that stimulate heavy sweating. The person working under extreme heat or intense humidity(湿气)must be careful when consuming water in order to maintain electrolyte balance. Mental diseases can also lead to water poisoning. Psychogenic polydipsia is a condition in which the affected person feels a need to drink a lot of water for unknown reasons. 12. What harm does water poisoning bring? A. It can affect brain function. B. It disturbs the balance of sodium. C. It causes a drop in blood pressure. D. It tends to make its victims nervous. 13. What can we know about proper amount of water to drink? A. Three liters per day is deadly. B. No single rule fits everyone. C. It doesn’t bother healthy people. D. Physical activity is its decisive factor. 14. Who would probably fall victim to water poisoning? A. A patient suffering from stomachache. B. A laborer working with heavy sweating. C. An athlete fond of drinking sports drinks. D A teenager doing appropriate exercise daily. 15. What might be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. What has been found about sports drinks. B. What else contributes to water poisoning. C. What are the symptoms of water poisoning. D. What can be done to avoid water poisoning. 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了水中毒的危害、致病原因、致病人群以及如何避免水中毒。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“This contributes to a swelling of the cells, often in the central nervous system, including the brain. (这会导致细胞肿胀，通常在中枢神经系统，包括大脑。)”根据第二段“When the sodium in the blood falls to dangerous levels, brain damage and possibly death may occur.”（当血液中的钠降至危险水平时，可能会发生脑损伤，甚至死亡。）可知，水中毒会影响中枢神经系统，即影响大脑的功能。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“What is a fatal(致命)amount of water can vary from person to person, depending on one’s state of health, his or her physical activity at the time, the temperature and the amount of time in which the person consumes the water.(什么是致命的水量可能因人而异，具体取决于一个人的健康状况、他或她当时的身体活动、温度和人消耗水的时间。)”可知，合适的饮水量是没有一定的规律的，因人而异，故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Other factors that contribute to water poisoning include activities that stimulate heavy sweating. The person working under extreme heat or intense humidity(湿气)must be careful when consuming water in order to maintain electrolyte balance. (导致水中毒的其他因素包括刺激大量出汗的活动。在极端高温或强湿下工作的人在饮水时必须小心，以保持电解质平衡。)”可知，搬运工等剧烈出汗的人比较容易患上水中毒，故选B。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Those particularly at risk for water poisoning are athletes engaged in long distance running like a marathon. (那些特别容易发生水中毒的人是像马拉松一样进行长跑的运动员。)”以及“Mental diseases can also lead to water poisoning. Psychogenic polydipsia is a condition in which the affected person feels a need to drink a lot of water for unknown reasons. (精神疾病也会导致水中毒。精神性多饮症是指受影响的人因未知原因感到需要大量饮水的情况。)”可知推断接下来文章会讨论的是如何避免水中毒，故选D。 第二节 七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Radar is an electronic device that detects planes, ships, coastlines, landmarks, and even storm clouds. The name radar comes from the first letters of the words “radio direction and ranging”. As the human eye uses light waves to see, radar “sees” with radio waves. Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weather and ships could not move safely in thick fog. ____16____ In the 1800s it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects. But scientists did not make great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened by war. _____17_____ It has been used widely in almost every conflict(冲突) since then. Echoes make it possible for radar to work. When a beam of radio waves is sent out, it strikes an object and returns an echo. This echo is picked up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to television screens. On the screen an observer sees a flash and that can show the direction and distance of the object. _____18_____ Airport control towers use radar to guide planes in for safe landings. Almost all large ships depend on radar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships. _____19_____ Weather forecasters “see” the size, direction, and speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance from the earth to the moon. Thus, the device has helped achieve major advancements. _____20_____It guards us against possible enemy attacks. We have ballistic missile(弹道导弹) warning systems that can warn us against attacks when missiles are more than 1,000 miles away. Other radar systems can also warn us against enemy aircraft and even spying space satellites. A. The measurement is now highly accurate. B. Police track speeders in radar-equipped cars. C. The device can be used in a wide range of fields. D. It is therefore especially valuable to shippers and travelers. E. During World War II many countries used radar effectively. F. Today radar is used by commercial airliners and weather forecasters. G. Strengthening national defense is one of radar’s most important functions. 【答案】16. D 17. E 18. A 19. B 20. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雷达的重要性、发明过程以及应用情况。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weather and ships could not move safely in thick fog.(没有雷达，飞机就不能在恶劣天气中安全着陆，船只就不能在浓雾中安全航行)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，说明雷达的重要性，D选项中It指代上文radar。故D选项“因此，它对托运人和旅行者特别有价值”符合语境，故选D。 【17题详解】 根据上文“In the 1800s it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects. But scientists did not make great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened by war.(在19世纪，人们发现无线电波可以被物体反射。但直到20世纪30年代，当世界受到战争威胁时，科学家们才在雷达研究方面取得了重大进展)”以及后文“It has been used widely in almost every conflict(冲突) since then.(从那时起，它几乎在每一次冲突中都被广泛使用)”可知，上文提到了雷达研究取得重大进展，后文提到了广泛使用，故本句是在说明雷达被应用的情况，故E选项“在第二次世界大战期间，许多国家有效地使用了雷达”符合语境，故选E。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Echoes make it possible for radar to work. When a beam of radio waves is sent out, it strikes an object and returns an echo. This echo is picked up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to television screens. On the screen an observer sees a flash and that can show the direction and distance of the object.(回声使雷达工作成为可能。当一束无线电波发出时，它击中一个物体并返回一个回声。这种回声被雷达接收并记录在类似电视屏幕的屏幕上。观察者在屏幕上看到一个闪光，它可以显示物体的方向和距离)”可知，上文提到了在屏幕上观察者会看到一束光，这表明了物体的方向和距离。故空处应该是对测量结果的评价，说明测量的结果是高度准确的。故A选项“现在的测量非常精确”符合语境，故选A。 【19题详解】 根据上文“Airport control towers use radar to guide planes in for safe landings. Almost all large ships depend on radar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships.(机场控制塔使用雷达引导飞机安全着陆。几乎所有的大型船只都依靠雷达来防止与冰山或其他船只相撞)”以及后文“Weather forecasters “see” the size, direction, and speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance from the earth to the moon. Thus, the device has helped achieve major advancements.(天气预报员在雷达屏幕上“看到”风暴的大小、方向和速度。天文学家甚至可以用雷达精确测量地球到月球的距离。因此，该设备帮助实现了重大进步)”可知，此段主要介绍了雷达在不同领域的应用。空处前后都是举例，故本句主要是雷达在其他行业中应用的例子，故B选项“警察用装有雷达的汽车跟踪超速者”符合语境，故选B。 【20题详解】 根据后文“It guards us against possible enemy attacks. We have ballistic missile(弹道导弹) warning systems that can warn us against attacks when missiles are more than 1,000 miles away. Other radar systems can also warn us against enemy aircraft and even spying space satellites.(它保护我们免受敌人可能的攻击。我们有弹道导弹预警系统，当导弹在1000英里以外的地方袭击时，它可以警告我们。其他雷达系统也可以警告我们敌人的飞机，甚至是间谍空间卫星)” 可知，本段主要讲了雷达也可用于国防领域。故G选项“加强国防是雷达最重要的功能之一”符合语境，故选G。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节;满分30分) 第一节(本题有15小题，每小题1分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从短文后所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项. I’m not allowed to touch the moon rocks. This is the lab where the Johnson Space Center ____21____ the original samples that the Apollo astronauts ____22____ to the earth decades ago. As I stare at the rocks through glass, Charis, my tour guide, says in a ____23____ voice: No touching the moon rocks. Before ____24____ this clean room, I remove all my jewelry. My guide and I cover our shoes with blue-paper booties and step into full-body jumpsuits. We then ____25____ gloves and a hair cover. Finally, we spend a full minute standing in an air shower, under a steady light wind ____26____ from ceiling to floor to ____27____ us of any fine dust. Inside the clean room, the rocks are kept in ____28____, pressurized containers. Only five sample processors in the world get to routinely handle these ____29____ stones. They preserve and prepare the samples for studies. To pick up an Apollo rock, they must use special tools, following pretty strict ____30____ about touching samples. All the ____31____ is to protect the 382 kilograms of rocks lifted from the moon. “One big ____32____ belief is that the Apollo samples aren’t being studied any more and that they only tell us about the moon,” says Charis. “Neither of those is true.” Keeping priceless samples away from curious ____33____ allowed scientists to make one of the most surprising lunar ____34____ of the last 50 years: The moon is wet. Those samples are still offering fresh details about how the ____35____ — and the entire solar system — formed and developed. 21. A. accumulates B. stores C. tests D. analyzes 22. A. brought B. sent C. donated D. introduced 23. A. thoughtful B. sensitive C. eager D. firm 24. A. leaving B. inspecting C. entering D. observing 25. A. reach for B. deal with C. put on D. inquire about 26. A. blowing B. shooting C. sweeping D. rising 27. A. warn B. assure C. remind D. clear 28. A. useful B. secure C. empty D. new 29. A. precious B. strange C. clean D. previous 30. A. schedules B. laws C. rules D. orders 31. A. effort B. sacrifice C. arrangement D. reform 32. A. uncommon B. contradictory C. impractical D. mistaken 33. A. minds B. looks C. fingers D. questions 34. A. attempts B. fortune C. reservation D. discoveries 35. A. sun B. moon C. earth D. universe 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了阿波罗任务带回地球的月球岩石的保存和研究过程。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是休斯顿太空中心储存阿波罗宇航员几十年前带回地球的原始样品的实验室。A. accumulates积累；B. stores储存；C. tests测试；D. analyzes分析。根据后文“the original samples”可知，此处指储存月球岩石样品。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. brought带来；B. sent发送；C. donated捐献；D. introduced介绍。根据后文“to the earth decades ago”和背景常识，可知阿波罗宇航员将月球岩石带回地球。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我透过玻璃凝视着岩石时，我的导游查理斯用坚定的声音说：不要触摸月球岩石。A. thoughtful体贴的; B. sensitive敏感的; C. eager渴望的; D. firm坚定的。根据句意及后文“No touching the moon rocks”可知，这里表达我的导游查理斯用坚定的声音说。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：进入这个洁净室之前，我要摘掉所有的首饰。A. leaving离开；B. inspecting检查；C. entering进入；D. observing观察。根据后文“I remove all my jewelry. My guide and I cover our shoes with blue-paper booties and step into full-body jumpsuits. ”可知，此处指进入洁净室之前的步骤。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和我的导游给鞋子套上蓝色纸制套靴，穿上全身工作服。A. reach for伸手去够；B. deal with处理；C. put on穿上；D. inquire about询问。根据后文“gloves and a hair cover”可知，此处指穿上相应的防护装备。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们花整整一分钟站在风淋室中，从天花板到地板吹过淡淡的风，以清理我们身上的细小灰尘。A. blowing吹；B. shooting发射；C. sweeping扫；D. rising上升。根据前文“under a steady light wind”可知，这里指风在吹。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们花整整一分钟站在风淋室中，从天花板到地板吹过淡淡的风，以清理我们身上的细小灰尘。A. warn警告；B. assure确保；C. remind提醒；D. clear清除。根据后文“any fine dust”可知，这套设备的目的是清除灰尘。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在洁净室内，岩石保存在安全加压的容器中。A. useful有用的；B. secure安全的；C. empty空的；D. new新的。根据后文“pressurized containers”以及安全和保存要求，容器需要是安全的。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有世界上五位样品处理者可以常规处理这些珍贵的石头。A. precious珍贵的；B. strange奇怪的；C. clean干净的；D. previous之前的。根据后文“They preserve and prepare the samples for studies”结合这些阿波罗任务带回地球的月球岩石的稀有性可知，岩石被称为“珍贵的”。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们必须使用特殊工具来拿取阿波罗岩石，并遵循非常严格的规则触碰样品。A. schedules日程；B. laws法律；C. rules规则；D. orders命令。根据前文“they must use special tools”结合句意分析操作要求，需遵循特定规则。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的努力都是为了保护从月球带回的382公斤岩石。A. effort努力；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. arrangement安排；D. reform改革。根据前文“ They preserve and prepare the samples for studies. To pick up an Apollo rock, they must use special tools, following pretty strict  10  about touching samples. ”可知描述了保护岩石的辛勤工作，因此是“努力”。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个大错是认为阿波罗样本不再被研究，只能告诉我们有关月球的事情。A. uncommon不常见的；B. contradictory矛盾的；C. impractical不切实际的；D. mistaken错误的。根据后文“the Apollo samples aren’t being studied any more and that they only tell us about the moon,” says Charis. “Neither of those is true.”可知，这种想法是错误的。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：将无价样品远离好奇的手指让科学家做出过去50年最惊人的月球发现之一：月球是湿的。A. minds思想；B. looks外观；C. fingers手指；D. questions问题。根据前文“Keeping priceless samples away from”推断，此处指避免好奇的人触碰样品。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. attempts尝试；B. fortune财富；C. reservation保留；D. discoveries发现。根据后文“ The moon is wet”可知，这句话是该样品帮助实现的新发现。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些样品仍在提供有关月球——以及整个太阳系——形成与发展的新细节。A. sun太阳；B. moon月球；C. earth地球；D. universe宇宙。根据前文的“The moon is wet”和后文“the entire solar system”以及全文都在描述月球岩石的保存和研究过程，所以此处应指“月球”。故选B。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Digitalisation, ___36___ is a main characteristic of the 21st century, represents a widespread use of digital technologies in various ____37____ (area) of life. However, experts noted that too much social media use is known to have a negative influence ___38___ mental health. So they started a study to investigate how to improve mental health in this time of rapid digitalisation. The results of the study ___39___ (lead) by Dr Julia Brailovskaia of the Mental Health Research and Treatment Center clearly showed that individuals who cut their social media use by 30 minutes a day ___40___ used this time for physical activity could ___41___ (significant) improve their mental health. Participants who replaced 30 minutes of social media use with exercise every day for two weeks ___42___ (have) powerful results. They reported feeling ___43___ (happy), more satisfied, less stressed and less depressed. The positive effects lasted for at least six months after the study had ended. “This shows us how vital it is ___44___ (reduce) our availability online from time to time and to go back to our human roots,” said Dr Brailovskaia. “These measures can be easily applied to people’s ___45___ (day) lives and they’re completely free and, at the same time, they help us to stay happy and healthy in the digital age.” 【答案】36. which 37. areas 38. on##upon 39. led 40. and 41. significantly 42. had 43. happier 44. to reduce 45. daily 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着数字化的发展，过多使用社交媒体对心理健康有负面影响，而研究表明减少使用社交媒体并将这些时间用于锻炼，可以显著改善心理健康。 【36题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：数字化是21世纪的一个主要特征，代表着社会向数字技术在生活各个领域的广泛应用转变。空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Digitalisation，且在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导。故填which。 【37题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：参考上题。area为可数名词，其前有various修饰，所以应用名词复数。故填areas。 【38题详解】 考查介词。句意：然而，专家指出，过多地使用社交媒体被认为会对心理健康产生负面影响。have a negative influence on/upon意为“对……有消极影响”，为固定搭配。故填on/upon。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：心理健康研究与治疗中心的Julia Brailovskaia博士领导的这项研究的结果清楚地表明，人们每天将社交媒体的使用时间减少30分钟，并将这段时间用于体育活动，可以显著改善他们的心理健康。主句的谓语是showed，所以空处应用非谓语动词。lead与其逻辑主语the study之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填led。 【40题详解】 考查连词。句意：参考上题。根据句意并分析句子结构，“cut their social media use by 30 minutes a day”和“used this time for physical activity”之间是并列关系，应用and连接定语从句的谓语动词。故填and。 【41题详解】 考查副词。句意：参考第4题。空处应用副词修饰动词improve。significantly意为“显著地”。故填significantly。 【42题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：参与者在两周内每天用锻炼代替社交媒体30分钟，取得了强有力的效果。空处作主句的谓语；根据从句中的replaced并结合上下文时态可知，这是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填had。 【43题详解】 考查比较级。句意：他们报告说感觉更快乐、更满足、压力更少、抑郁更少。结合后文的more satisfied, less stressed and less depressed可知需要填入形容词比较级作表语，happy的比较级为happier表达“更快乐”。故填happier。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Brailovskaia博士说：“这向我们表明，不时减少我们的在线可用性并回归我们的人类根源是多么重要。”句中how引导了一个宾语从句，从句是“it is+adj.+to do...”句型，其中it作形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。本句中形容词vital置于how之后。故填to reduce。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这些方法可以轻松应用于人们的日常生活。空格处需要形容词daily，表示“日常的”修饰名词lives。故填daily。 第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假如你是李华，你所在的学校要举办以 The Power of Music为主题的演讲比赛。 请你写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括： (1)与音乐有关一次经历； (2)音乐的力量或影响。 注意： (1)词数80左右； (2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Good morning, everyone, My name is Li Hua. It’s an honor to be here to share with you the speech themed The power of music. When it comes to music,we have our own stories. As for me, music actually offered me enough power to overcome difficulties. When failing in the mid-term examination, I felt so upset that I refused to communicate with my friends, even my parents. When I heard some inspiring songs, which gave me confidence, I gradually ignored the failure and spared no effort to study. Finally, I made great progress in the final examination.From my experience, I hope that you can obtain the power which music offers to achieve your own dreams. Thanks for your listening. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一篇演讲稿参赛，参加学校举办的以 The Power of Music为主题的演讲比赛。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 荣幸：honor→ privilege 以……为主题/标题：themed → titled 沮丧的：upset → frustrated 忽视：ignore → overlook 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句： It’s an honor to be here to share with you the speech themed The power of music. 拓展句： It’s an honor to be here to share with you the speech, whose theme is The power of music. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 When failing in the mid-term examination, I felt so upset that I refused to communicate with my friends, even my parents. （运用了省略句） 【高分句型2】 When I heard some inspiring songs, which gave me confidence, I gradually ignored the failure and spared no effort to study.（运用了时间状语从句和非限制性定语从句） 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My first year of senior high school felt awkward. The school was twice as big as my old school, and to make matters worse, my closest friends went to a different high school. I felt very lonely. One cold and windy Sunday afternoon, I was sitting at home at our dining room table doing homework, with a fire going in our fireplace. As usual, my cat was lying on top of my papers, purring(发出呼噜声)loudly. She was never far from me. I had rescued her when she was a kitten and put my name on her collar in case she got lost again. Suddenly, I smelled something strange, and then I noticed that smoke was pouring in. It filled the room so quickly that we all ran out into the front yard. By the time we made our way outside, the whole roof was in flames and the fire was spreading quickly. When the fire was finally out, our house was almost completely burned down. I was in a bad mood and then it struck me...I hadn’t seen my cat. Where was my cat? Much to my horror, I realized that my cat was gone and my heart ached for her. Then all at once it hit me-the new school, the fire, my cat—I broke down in tears and cried and cried. The next day, I went to school. But I was totally embarrassed by everything. My clothes and shoes were borrowed from my aunt. I had no books or homework, and my backpack was gone. I had my life in that backpack! I didn’t want to grow up if it was going to be this way. I just wanted to curl up and quit school. It always seems that bad news spreads quickly. Everyone in high school, including the teachers, was aware of my sad situation. What a way to start off at a new school! This was not the kind of attention I was looking for. The next day at school, people were acting even stranger than usual. They kept asking me to hurry up to the gym. I thought it was strange, but when I went into the gym, I knew why. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 There was a big table with all kinds of stuff on it. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A week later, I was planning my new bedroom when the doorbell rang. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： There was a big table with all kinds of stuff on it. It was like Christmas. They had taken up a collection and bought me school supplies, notebooks, all kinds of different clothes, tops, sweatsuits, etc. I was overcome by emotion. People who had never spoken to me before were coming up to me to introduce themselves. I got all kinds of invitations to their houses. Their genuine outpouring of concern really touched me. In that instant, I finally breathed a sigh of relief and thought for the first time that things were going to be okay. I made so many friends that day and I decided to move on and look on the bright side of life. A week later, I was planning my new bedroom when the doorbell rang. "Does this cat belong to you?" asked a woman at the door. I couldn't believe my eyes. She was holding my cat! I leaped up and grabbed her out of the woman's arms. I held her close to me and she purred happily. Apparently, my cat had been so freaked by the fire that she ran away. This wonderful woman took her in and worked hard to find out whose cat it was. As I sat there with my cat curling up in my lap, all the overwhelming feelings of loss and tragedy seemed to diminish. I felt gratitude for my life, my new friends, and the kindness of a stranger. My cat was back and so was I. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者刚上高中时没有新朋友，感觉很孤单，对学校没有归属感。更糟糕的是，一天家里着火了，房子被烧了，家里的东西都被烧毁了，所以周一作者去上学时，只能穿着借来的衣服和鞋子。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“那里有一张大桌子，上面摆满了各种东西。”可知，第一段可描写大家募捐了很多东西，很多陌生的同学介绍自己，真诚地关心作者，作者开始向前看继续生活。 ②由第二段首句内容“一周后，我正在计划我的新卧室，这时门铃响了。”可知，第二段可描写有陌生人上门询问是否把猫丢了，作者的猫失而复得，学会了感激。 2.续写线索：去学校——穿着借来的衣服，感到尴尬——同学窃窃私语——老师了解作者情况，安慰作者——第二天去上学——发现同学们给了自己很多东西——感动——对学校有归属感 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①救：rescue/save ②注意到：notice/be aware of ③辍学：quit school/drop out of school 情绪类 ①恐惧：horror/ terror ②孤独的：lonely/isolated 【点睛】[高分句型1]One cold and windy Sunday afternoon, I was sitting at home at our dining room table doing homework, with a fire going in our fireplace.（使用了with引导的复合结构） [高分句型2]I had rescued her when she was a kitten and put my name on her collar in case she got lost again.（使用了由when引导的时间状语从句） [高分句型3]I didn’t want to grow up if it was going to be this way.（使用了由if引导的条件状语从句） 听力答案：1-5 CBABC 6-10 CBABB11-15 BABCB 16-20 ACBCA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024年下学期期中考试试卷 高二英语 注意事项： 1. 本试卷考试时量120分钟，满分150分; 2. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上; 3. 请将答案填写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效，请勿折叠答题卡，答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，共7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Which animal would win a jumping contest according to the woman? A.A frog. B.A rabbit. C.A kangaroo. 2. Who is the woman talking to? A.A workman. B.A co-worker. C. Her husband. 3. What is important to the man? A. The cost. B. The time. C. The airline. 4. What’s the weather like? A. Cool. B. Cold. C. Warm. 5. What is the man likely to do? A. Drop out of school. B. Try to get a scholarship. C. Continue his studies. 第二节(共15小题;每题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Why does the man want to leave his present job? A. He wants a high salary. B. He needs to go to school at night. C. He prefers a full-time job. 7 What is the man interested in? A. Computer games. B. Travel C. Language teaching. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What did the woman bring with her? A. A jacket. B. An umbrella C. A car key. 9. What does the woman think of the weather reports? A. They rarely lie. B. They are not reliable. C. They are always accurate. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Why does the man suggest the woman buy the black shoes? A. They’re cool. B. They’re cheap. C. They’re comfortable. 11. How much does a pair of pink shoes cost? A. 10 dollars. B. 15 dollars. C. 20 dollars. 12. What does the man advise the woman to do? A. To keep her old shoes. B. To buy the white shoes. C. To turn to her mother for help. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What is the relationship between the speakers? A Classmates. B. Sister and brother. C. Mother and son. 14. What pet does Cathy have? A. A dog. B. A parrot. C. A cat. 15. Why does the woman refuse to buy rabbits? A. They are ugly. B. They are smelly. C. They are hard to look after. 16. What will the speakers do next? A. Have a talk with Robert. B. Buy a snake as a pet. C. Go to the market. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is under repair now? A. The roof. B. The entrance hall. C. The outside walls. 18. Which room contains the attractive ceiling? A. The bedroom. B. The music room. C. The dining room. 19. Which place provides food every day? A. The kitchen. B. The garden. C. The tearoom. 20. How much is the ticket for a 10-year-old child? A. ₤3.50. B. ₤5.50. C.₤7.00. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Exciting Changes Coming Check out the highlights at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games: New scoring rules Olympic skateboarding has two disciplines: park and street. Park courses look like large pools with ramps where athletes perform tricks during two run while street courses create rails and steps for athletes to complete timed runs and perform great tricks. There will also be a new “scoring refusal” rule. With this rule, skaters can now cancel a trick’s score. This way, competitors can tell the judges to ignore a previous attempt at a trick so they can do a better job and achieve a higher score. New format Do you think sport climbing is just about being faster? Not really. In the Olympics, it includes three disciplines: bouldering (攀石), speed and lead. Speed climbing is the only discipline where faster is better. Lead climbing requires athletes to climb walls over 15 metres high in six minutes, the higher the better. As for bouldering, athletes climb a 4. 5-metre-high rock wall in a limited period of time and in the fewest attempts possible. In Tokyo, athletes competed in all three disciplines, with total scores reflecting combined performances. For Paris 2024, there will be two distinct Olympic climbing events. One will be a combined competition of bouldering and lead events, and the second will feature a speed event. New sport Breaking will make its Olympic debut at the Paris Olympic Games. It is a type of street dance that started in New York in the 1970s. It’s part of hip-pop culture and includes tough moves like spins and flips. It will feature 16 males and 16 females born by Dec 31, 2008. They will compete in one-on-one battles to music randomly chosen by a DJ. The participants will be judged on five aspects: musicality, performance, originality, technique and execution. 1. Why is a “scoring refusal” rule introduced in Olympic skateboarding? A. To perform more tricks. B. To change disciplines. C. To encourage better performance. D. To question judges. 2. In which event speed is the only judging standard? A. Bouldering climbing. B. Speed climbing. C. Lead Climbing. D. Park skateboarding. 3. Which of the following is the feature of breaking? A. It’s open to all age groups. B. It’s a traditional Olympic event. C. Athletes compete to specific music. D. It combines music, dance and strength. B In 1885, a young doctor named Conan Doyle opened offices in London. He wanted to be a successful doctor, but for some reasons he never found enough patients. To pass the time, he began to write stories and send them to the newspapers. Conan Doyle’s stories were about a clever detective, Sherlock Holmes. Conan Doyle wrote that Sherlock Holmes lived in Baker Street in London, and people with problems came to him for help. Even police detectives came to Sherlock Holmes with their problems, too. He was able to solve mysteries that the cleverest policemen in England were unable to figure out. Sometimes Sherlock Holmes could solve a mystery without leaving his chair. He listened carefully to the information his client (委托人) gave and figured out the answer. At other times he spent days or weeks looking for clues. Sherlock Holmes traveled to different cities and countries to solve the mysteries. Sometimes he wore disguises, pretending to be an old man, or a sailor. Holmes did anything to find out the answer to the mysteries he was working on. His best friend Dr. Watson kept him company (陪伴) on most of his adventures. Sherlock Holmes is the most famous detective in English literature, but many people don’t understand that he is a fictional character, not a real person. The English post offices report that people still send mail to Sherlock Holmes in Baker Street. Even he gets more than 2,000 letters every year. 4 Conan Doyle began to write stories perhaps because ______. A he had plenty of time B. he wanted to make more money C. most people were strong at the time D. he wanted to tell something about his patients 5 It can be inferred from the passage that ______. A. many people asked Conan Doyle to solve their mysteries B. Conan Doyle got a lot of experience in solving mysteries C. Conan Doyle was a person with great literary quality and talent D. Conan Doyle was able to help those who came to see him with their problems 6. The phrase “wore disguises” in the second paragraph means ______. A. introduced oneself B. seemed to be poor and helpless C. was in old clothes D. changed one’s clothes or one’s appearance 7. Which of the following is TRUE? A. In 1885, a young doctor named Conan Doyle opened offices in Paris. B. The character Conan Doyle wrote about was thought to be a real person by many people. C. To earn a lot of money, Conan Doyle began to write stories. D. Sherlock Holmes is still living in Baker Street and gets more than 2,000 letters. C Nearly every week, we hear news about the latest successes and failures in driverless vehicles. But we hear little about how other industries are developing this same kind of technology. One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture. Companies are experimenting with high-tech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing environment-harming chemicals. One of the companies is ecoRobotix of SwitzerLand. It created a robot equipped with AI and cameras to identify all plants on a farm. The robot has four wheels to carry it through the fields in search of weeds. Computer-controlled arms then lower and spray the weeds with small amounts of herbicide(除草剂). Company officials say the robot can fully operate on its own for up to 12 hours a day while being powered by the sun. It uses the same kind of sensor and positioning technology used to guide driverless vehicles. A farmer can also control the equipment through a smart-phone. The co-founder of ecoRobotix, Aurelien Demaurex, says the farm robot can kill weeds with 20 times 1ess herbicide than traditional methods. This is because the system uses exactly the right amount of chemical in the exact place required to kill the weeds. Currently, farmers spread weed killers over massive areas to destroy unwanted plants. Another company developing farm robotics is California-based Blue River Technology. The company has a system called "See & Spray", which it claims was the world's first smart sprayer. The system-which connects to the back of a tractor-is also equipped with AI to identify and chemically kill only the weeds. It can also spray chemicals on wanted plants to help them grow. Ben Chostner, vice-president of business development for Blue River Technology, explains in a company video that See & Spray technology uses the same deep learning methods used in facial recognition. "The first time the machine saw a pigweed, it didn't know what kind of plant it was. But we taught it-by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed-and now it's an expert in pigweed. " 8. How will AI benefit agriculture? A. It will fund agriculture research. B. It contributes to low-cost farming. C. It can avoid harmful chemicals. D. It frees all farmers from field work. 9. What do the products of the two companies have in common? A. They use recognition technology. B. They are powered by solar energy. C. They are connected with smart phones. D. They can help wanted plants grow rapidly. 10. What do Ben Chostner's words suggest about the robot? A. It is environmentally-friendly. B. It is good at self-improving. C. It has the learning ability. D. It can track various plants. 11. What is mainly talked about in the text？ A. The experiment in farming robots. B. New trend in artificial intelligence. C. Modern See & Spray technology. D. Artificial intelligence in agriculture. D Water poisoning is caused by too much consumption of water during a short period of time. Water in and of itself is not poisonous by any means, but rapid intake of a large quantity of water can break the careful balance of sodium(钠)in the body fluids(体液). This contributes to a swelling of the cells, often in the central nervous system, including the brain. When the cells can no longer bear the pressure, they can begin to die. This is indicated in serious forms of water poisoning. Symptoms of this condition include vomiting, headache and unresponsiveness. When the sodium in the blood falls to dangerous levels, brain damage and possibly death may occur. What is a fatal(致命的)amount of water can vary from person to person, depending on one’s state of health, his or her physical activity at the time, the temperature and the amount of time in which the person consumes the water. For some, a one-time consumption of three liters can prove deadly. Although the person consuming the water may lose a lot of fluid during heavy labor or exercise, the electrolytes(电解质)are not replaced fast enough to avoid water poisoning. Those particularly at risk for water poisoning are athletes engaged in long distance running like a marathon. Due to the need to replace large quantities of lost fluid, runners must drink a lot of water. This can lead to poisoning, so runners must replace their fluids with sports drinks that have added electrolytes. Other factors that contribute to water poisoning include activities that stimulate heavy sweating. The person working under extreme heat or intense humidity(湿气)must be careful when consuming water in order to maintain electrolyte balance. Mental diseases can also lead to water poisoning. Psychogenic polydipsia is a condition in which the affected person feels a need to drink a lot of water for unknown reasons. 12. What harm does water poisoning bring? A. It can affect brain function. B. It disturbs the balance of sodium. C. It causes a drop in blood pressure. D. It tends to make its victims nervous. 13. What can we know about proper amount of water to drink? A. Three liters per day is deadly. B. No single rule fits everyone. C. It doesn’t bother healthy people. D. Physical activity is its decisive factor. 14. Who would probably fall victim to water poisoning? A. A patient suffering from stomachache. B. A laborer working with heavy sweating. C. An athlete fond of drinking sports drinks. D. A teenager doing appropriate exercise daily. 15. What might be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. What has been found about sports drinks. B. What else contributes to water poisoning. C. What are the symptoms of water poisoning. D. What can be done to avoid water poisoning. 第二节 七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Radar is an electronic device that detects planes, ships, coastlines, landmarks, and even storm clouds. The name radar comes from the first letters of the words “radio direction and ranging”. As the human eye uses light waves to see, radar “sees” with radio waves. Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weather and ships could not move safely in thick fog. ____16____ In the 1800s it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects. But scientists did not make great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened by war. _____17_____ It has been used widely in almost every conflict(冲突) since then. Echoes make it possible for radar to work. When a beam of radio waves is sent out, it strikes an object and returns an echo. This echo is picked up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to television screens. On the screen an observer sees a flash and that can show the direction and distance of the object. _____18_____ Airport control towers use radar to guide planes in for safe landings. Almost all large ships depend on radar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships. _____19_____ Weather forecasters “see” the size, direction, and speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance from the earth to the moon. Thus, the device has helped achieve major advancements. _____20_____It guards us against possible enemy attacks. We have ballistic missile(弹道导弹) warning systems that can warn us against attacks when missiles are more than 1,000 miles away. Other radar systems can also warn us against enemy aircraft and even spying space satellites. A. The measurement is now highly accurate. B. Police track speeders in radar-equipped cars. C. The device can be used in a wide range of fields. D. It is therefore especially valuable to shippers and travelers. E. During World War II many countries used radar effectively. F. Today radar is used by commercial airliners and weather forecasters. G. Strengthening national defense is one of radar’s most important functions. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节;满分30分) 第一节(本题有15小题，每小题1分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从短文后所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项. I’m not allowed to touch the moon rocks. This is the lab where the Johnson Space Center ____21____ the original samples that the Apollo astronauts ____22____ to the earth decades ago. As I stare at the rocks through glass, Charis, my tour guide, says in a ____23____ voice: No touching the moon rocks. Before ____24____ this clean room, I remove all my jewelry. My guide and I cover our shoes with blue-paper booties and step into full-body jumpsuits. We then ____25____ gloves and a hair cover. Finally, we spend a full minute standing in an air shower, under a steady light wind ____26____ from ceiling to floor to ____27____ us of any fine dust. Inside the clean room, the rocks are kept in ____28____, pressurized containers. Only five sample processors in the world get to routinely handle these ____29____ stones. They preserve and prepare the samples for studies. To pick up an Apollo rock, they must use special tools, following pretty strict ____30____ about touching samples. All the ____31____ is to protect the 382 kilograms of rocks lifted from the moon. “One big ____32____ belief is that the Apollo samples aren’t being studied any more and that they only tell us about the moon,” says Charis. “Neither of those is true.” Keeping priceless samples away from curious ____33____ allowed scientists to make one of the most surprising lunar ____34____ of the last 50 years: The moon is wet. Those samples are still offering fresh details about how the ____35____ — and the entire solar system — formed and developed. 21. A. accumulates B. stores C. tests D. analyzes 22. A. brought B. sent C. donated D. introduced 23. A. thoughtful B. sensitive C. eager D. firm 24. A. leaving B. inspecting C. entering D. observing 25. A. reach for B. deal with C. put on D. inquire about 26. A. blowing B. shooting C. sweeping D. rising 27. A. warn B. assure C. remind D. clear 28. A. useful B. secure C. empty D. new 29. A. precious B. strange C. clean D. previous 30. A. schedules B. laws C. rules D. orders 31. A. effort B. sacrifice C. arrangement D. reform 32. A. uncommon B. contradictory C. impractical D. mistaken 33. A. minds B. looks C. fingers D. questions 34. A. attempts B. fortune C. reservation D. discoveries 35. A. sun B. moon C. earth D. universe 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Digitalisation, ___36___ is a main characteristic of the 21st century, represents a widespread use of digital technologies in various ____37____ (area) of life. However, experts noted that too much social media use is known to have a negative influence ___38___ mental health. So they started a study to investigate how to improve mental health in this time of rapid digitalisation. The results of the study ___39___ (lead) by Dr Julia Brailovskaia of the Mental Health Research and Treatment Center clearly showed that individuals who cut their social media use by 30 minutes a day ___40___ used this time for physical activity could ___41___ (significant) improve their mental health. Participants who replaced 30 minutes of social media use with exercise every day for two weeks ___42___ (have) powerful results. They reported feeling ___43___ (happy), more satisfied, less stressed and less depressed. The positive effects lasted for at least six months after the study had ended. “This shows us how vital it is ___44___ (reduce) our availability online from time to time and to go back to our human roots,” said Dr Brailovskaia. “These measures can be easily applied to people’s ___45___ (day) lives and they’re completely free and, at the same time, they help us to stay happy and healthy in the digital age.” 第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假如你是李华，你所在的学校要举办以 The Power of Music为主题的演讲比赛。 请你写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括： (1)与音乐有关的一次经历； (2)音乐的力量或影响。 注意： (1)词数80左右； (2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My first year of senior high school felt awkward. The school was twice as big as my old school, and to make matters worse, my closest friends went to a different high school. I felt very lonely. One cold and windy Sunday afternoon, I was sitting at home at our dining room table doing homework, with a fire going in our fireplace. As usual, my cat was lying on top of my papers, purring(发出呼噜声)loudly. She was never far from me. I had rescued her when she was a kitten and put my name on her collar in case she got lost again. Suddenly, I smelled something strange, and then I noticed that smoke was pouring in. It filled the room so quickly that we all ran out into the front yard. By the time we made our way outside, the whole roof was in flames and the fire was spreading quickly. When the fire was finally out, our house was almost completely burned down. I was in a bad mood and then it struck me...I hadn’t seen my cat. Where was my cat? Much to my horror, I realized that my cat was gone and my heart ached for her. Then all at once it hit me-the new school, the fire, my cat—I broke down in tears and cried and cried. The next day, I went to school. But I was totally embarrassed by everything. My clothes and shoes were borrowed from my aunt. I had no books or homework, and my backpack was gone. I had my life in that backpack! I didn’t want to grow up if it was going to be this way. I just wanted to curl up and quit school. It always seems that bad news spreads quickly. Everyone in high school, including the teachers, was aware of my sad situation. What a way to start off at a new school! This was not the kind of attention I was looking for. The next day at school, people were acting even stranger than usual. They kept asking me to hurry up to the gym. I thought it was strange, but when I went into the gym, I knew why. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 There was a big table with all kinds of stuff on it. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A week later, I was planning my new bedroom when the doorbell rang. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力答案：1-5 CBABC 6-10 CBABB11-15 BABCB 16-20 ACBCA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$