暑假作业02 语言知识巩固（选择性必修第二册Unit3～4）（巩固培优） 高二英语译林版

**基本信息** 以单元核心词汇为基础，通过语境填空、词性转换、语法应用及综合题型，构建“词汇-语法-语篇”递进式训练体系，提升语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇巩固|2篇短文填空、15词形变化、15短语|语境化词汇填空，强调词性转换与固定搭配|从Unit3-4核心词汇到派生词构建网络，结合短语形成语言基础| |语法应用|15单句语法填空、15短语填空、5翻译仿写|聚焦词形转换与句型应用，注重知识内化|通过语法填空巩固词汇变形，翻译仿写实现句型迁移| |综合技能|2阅读(8题)、1完形(15题)、2语法填空、1续写|语篇理解与语言输出结合，考查综合运用|从基础词汇语法到语篇理解，再到写作输出，符合“输入-内化-输出”逻辑|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业02 语言知识巩固 选择性必修二 (Units 3-4) (原卷版) 一、听录音，用Unit 3词汇表所学的单词完成以下短文。 A Silent Invasion At a small ________, ________ Dr. Chen and _________ Dr. Li often ________ ____________ infections head-on. One day, a __________ brought them a strange _______, which could invade healthy _______ and shorten a patient’s __________. ____________, the team found an _________ ______ in the virus’s _________. This _________ was ___________ to developing a new ________. A patient arrived with __________ of ____________ __________. His _________, _________, and ________ showed ___________ signs. The virus had damaged an _________, causing fever and __________. The doctors ____________ him and used ____________ with fine __________ to relieve his symptoms. They also applied a __________ to a small wound to prevent secondary __________. Eventually, the new _______ stopped the virus. His __________ was a ____________ . No harmful ____________ remained in his body. The patient became __________ and __________. The team viewed this case as a __________ of hope — a new _________ against future threats. The ________ science behind the drug gave everyone confidence. 二、听录音，用Unit 4词汇表所学的单词完成以下短文。 The Digital Castle A _________ ________ planned to _________ a _________ of _________ against a _________ financial ___________. He _________ a serious __________ to the ___________. _____________ , his ____________ to _____________ system weaknesses was impressive. _________ by _________ signals, the company __________ a _____________ solution: an _____________ fail-safe system. The team did not _________ the _________ for better security. They __________ that __________ _____________ _____________ was useless. Instead, they built a real _____________ of defence. After they _____________ every _____________, they __________ a ________ system to _________ the real data. This _____________ _____________ of security _____________ their _____________ over criminals. They remained _____________ even when a rival expressed _________. _____________, the hacker became __________ and gave up. The __________ to operate their system was ___________. The _________ of their success grew _____________. No ___________ remained _____________ of their technology. They had turned a _____________ threat into a ___________ victory. 三、重点单词 (词性变化) 1. specialize (vi.) 专门研究（或从事），专攻 → _____________ (n.) 专门化，专业 → __________ (n.) 专家 2. contract (vt.) 感染（疾病）；与……订立合同 → _____________ (n.) 收缩；感染 → _____________ (n.) 承包者，承包商 3. identify (vt.) 找到，发现；确认（身份）→ _____________ (n.) 识别，鉴定 → _____________ (adj.) 可识别的，可确认的 4. restore (vt.) 恢复；修复；使复原 → _____________ (n.) 恢复，修复 → _____________ (adj.) 有助于恢复的 5. restrict (vt.) 限制；束缚 → _____________ (n.) 限制，约束 → _____________ (adj.) 限制性的 6. equip (vt.) 配备；使有能力 → _____________ (n.) 设备，装备 → _____________ (adj.) 装备齐全的；有能力的 7. adjust (v.) 调整；适应，习惯 → _____________ (n.) 调整，调节 → _____________ (adj.) 可调节的 8. virtual (adj.) 虚拟的，模拟的 → _____________ (adv.) 虚拟地；几乎 → _____________ (v.) 虚拟化 9. sensor (n.) 传感器，敏感元件 → _____________ (adj.) 感觉的，感官的 →_____________ (v.) 感知 → _____________ (adj.) 敏感的 10. recognize (v.) 识别 → _____________ (n.) 识别 → _____________ (adj.) 可识别的 11. distribute (v.) 分配 → _____________ (n.) 分配 → _____________ (n.) 分销商，配电器 12. variety (n.) 多样性 → _____________ (adj.) 各种各样的 → _________ (v.) 变化 13. resist (v.) 抵抗 → _____________ (n.) 抵抗 → _____________ (adj.) 抵抗的 14. convention (n.) 惯例，大会 → _____________ (adj.) 传统的 → _____________ (adv.) 传统地 15. disable (v.) 使丧失能力，使无效 → _____________ (adj.) 残疾的，失效的 → _____________ (n.) 残疾，障碍 四、重点短语 1. relate to 涉及，与……相关 2. wrestle with 努力处理，全力解决 3. put sth in place 准备就绪，落实到位 4. go to great lengths to do sth 竭尽全力做某事 5. date back to 追溯到，始于 6. prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 7. without doubt 毫无疑问，的确 8. a ripe old age 高龄 9. to name but a few 略举几例 10. fall victim to 受伤，受损，被害 11. break into 强行闯入；顺利打入 12. spy on 暗中监视，窥探 13. a host of 许多，大量 14. boil down to 归结为，基本问题是 15. at the expense of 在牺牲（或损害）……的情况下 一、单句语法填空 1. After years of __________ in cardiology (心内科), Dr. Li became a leading __________ in heart surgery. (specialize) 2. The __________ of a rare virus was traced to a single patient, and the hospital accused its cleaning __________ of violating safety protocols (规程). (contract) 3. The __________ of the missing hiker was made possible by his unique backpack, and the bright red color made it easily __________. (identify) 4. The __________ of the historic theater took three years, and the special paint used had __________ properties for the old wood. (restore) 5. The government imposed (实施) a __________ on international travel, and such __________ measures were 6. The laboratory has all the necessary __________ for DNA sequencing, and the technicians are well __________ to handle dangerous samples. (equip) 7. The __________ of the microscope’s focus knob (旋钮) is very smooth, and the stand is __________ to fit different eye levels. (adjust) 8. The new simulation software allows engineers to __________ any physical crash test and then run the scenarios __________ in a digital environment. (virtual) 9. The __________ organs of bats are highly developed, enabling them to __________ ultrasonic (超声波的) waves reflected from insects. (sensor) 10. The __________ of speech patterns is a key task in voice assistants, and individual accents are often easily __________ by the system. (recognize) 答案： recognition；recognizable 11. The company manages the __________ of fresh produce across the country, acting as the main __________ for organic vegetables. (distribute) 12. The __________ of butterfly wings in the rainforest is breathtaking, and their colors __________ from bright blue to soft orange. (variety) 13. The metal shows high __________ to corrosion (腐蚀) even in salt water, and the coating is __________ to scratches. (resist) 14. The __________ approach to pain relief relies on oral medication, but these drugs are still tested __________ through randomized trials. (convention) 15. The workplace should provide equal opportunities for __________ employees, and any discrimination based on __________ is illegal. (disable) 二、用所给短语的适当形式填空 relate to, wrestle with, put sth in place, go to great lengths to do sth, date back to, prohibit sb from doing sth, without doubt, a ripe old age, to name but a few, fall victim to, break into, spy on, a host of, boil down to, at the expense of 1. The ancient practice of acupuncture _______________ more than 2,000 years ago and is still widely used today. 2. Many countries have laws that ______________ parents _____________ leaving young children alone at home. 3. The professor had to ________________ complex mathematical concepts before he could explain them to beginners. 4. ________________, regular exercise is one of the most effective ways to maintain good health. 5. The old man lived to ________________ of 95 and remained active until the end. 6. The company achieved rapid growth ________________ employee welfare, leading to high turnover. 7. The team’s failure ________________ a lack of communication and poor planning. 8. The government has promised to _____________ new safety measures ___________ before the next flu season. 9. She ________________ to learn three foreign languages before she turned 20. 10. Many small businesses ________________ the economic crisis last year. 11. The burglar ________________ the house through a window while the family was asleep. 12. The spy was caught trying to ________________ the military base’s activities. 13. There are ____________ reasons why a balanced diet is important, including energy, immunity, and brain function. 14. The scientist’s research ______________ the relationship between sleep quality and memory retention (保留). 15. Many famous athletes have used visualization techniques to improve performance — Michael Phelps, Serena Williams, ________________. 三、课文长句翻译与仿写 1. Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. (p 30) 中文翻译： 英文仿写： 医生们一直在努力研究哪些生活习惯与哪些慢性病(chronic diseases)相关，因为他们认为预防胜于治疗。 2. One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flus, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent. (p 31) 中文翻译： 英文仿写： 有一天，我们将能够利用人工智能来改善医疗诊断，辅助教师教学，协助科学家研究，优化交通流量，或者提高工厂效率。 3. It is important for eyes to get regular breaks throughout the day, so students at No. 9 High School are advised to stop for a few minutes in the middle of their study and look at distant objects. （p 37） 中文翻译： 英文仿写： 保持良好姿势对背部健康很重要，因此办公室员工被建议每坐一小时就站起来伸展一下。 4. Nowadays, the fine sharp needles that measure usually between 15 and 75 millimetres in length are still used, while most of the others have been replaced by more complex medical instruments. （p 39） 中文翻译： 英文仿写： 如今，那些通常只有几行代码的简单程序仍然在使用，而大多数复杂软件已被基于云的应用所取代。 5. And it has been used to treat more than just physical problems—acupuncturists have discovered that the treatment helps with mental problems like depression and anxiety too. （p 40） 中文翻译： 英文仿写： 而且，这项技术不仅用于娱乐——教育工作者发现，它也能帮助学生学习数学和语言等科目。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Text 1 Laziness, far from being a choice, might actually be deeply rooted in our genetic makeup. The so-called “Lazy Gene” theory assumes that some individuals might be genetically likely to avoid intense activity, something that seems to contradict our modern society’s focus on productivity. The concept behind this fascinating theory traces back to our ancestors’ way of life. Many thousands of years ago, human beings were hunter-gatherers, existing in severe environments where energy conservation was key to survival. The less energy our ancestors used, the fewer calories they had to consume, which was beneficial in times when food was scarce. As a result, those who were genetically predisposed to expend less energy, and thus eat less, had a survival advantage. This suggests that the genes promoting energy conservation may have been passed down through generations. However, in today’s modern world, where food is abundant and physical activity is no longer essential for survival, this trait can show as “laziness” or a tendency towards a sedentary (久坐不动的) lifestyle. There is scientific evidence to support this theory. A 2019 study involving rats demonstrated a clear genetic divide between those that were more active and those that were more still and preferred not to move around so much. Behavioural geneticist, Dr. Stanley Lethargic, believes that the Lazy Gene could be more common than we currently acknowledge. “With the coming of increasingly convenient technology and less physically demanding jobs, we see more and more evidence of this gene expression,” he says. “It seems that our modern lifestyle might actually be enabling the Lazy Gene.” However, acknowledging the Lazy Gene does not equal justifying a lack of motivation or effort. While it’s true that our genetic likelihood can influence our behaviour to some extent, our individual decisions and actions still play a crucial role. Cognitive-behavioural strategies, regular exercise, and maintaining a balanced diet can help counteract (抵消) the effects of this gene. In essence, the Lazy Gene theory is an fascinating perspective that combines evolutionary biology with modern behaviours. While it offers a potential explanation for why some people seem to prefer inactivity, it’s essential to remember that it does not excuse laziness. As individuals, we have the power and the responsibility to influence our behaviours and lead healthier lives, regardless of our genetic makeup. 1. What is the primary idea behind the "Lazy Gene" theory? A. Some genes in the body are less active than others. B. Some genes cause us to put on weight and therefore move less. C. Some genes make us avoid too much activity and preserve energy. D. Some genes have been unable to change from how they were thousands of years ago. 2. How did energy conservation benefit our ancestors when food was scarce? A. It meant hunting was easier. B. It stopped us putting on weight. C. It meant we could store more food. D. It meant that fewer calories were required. 3. According to the article, what can be done to counteract the effects of the Lazy Gene? A. Be strict on yourself. B. Follow what other more active people do. C. Take medication to make yourself more active. D. Make conscious decisions to move more and eat well. 4. What would be an title of the article? A. 3 Steps To A More Active Life. B. Our Lazy Ancestors: How Did They Survive? C. Put Down Your Phone And Stop Being Lazy! D. Is Your Teenage Son Just Copying His Ancestors? Text 2 (2024年新课标Ⅰ卷 D篇) In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 5. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 6. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 7. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 8. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （2020年新高考全国I卷） Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 . He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age. When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 7 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below. Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals. 1. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice 2. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge 3. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward 4. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage 5. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise 6. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted 7. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust 8. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter 9. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance 10. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed 11. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding 12. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial 13. A. back B. top C. foot D. side 14. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect 15. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued 三、短文语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式. Text 1 For better or for worse, the widespread use of drones will affect our lives in different ways. It is certain that 1 the technology gets more 2 (advance), more drones will be flying in the sky. Despite all the 3 (wonder) functions that drones perform, they may 4 cause trouble. Take air traffic for example. When passenger drones are flying above our cities in large quantities, the sky will be getting more and more crowded. As a result, they are more likely to crash into each other. In addition, drones cause much trouble for airlines as some of them fly near airports, 5 (pose) a threat to planes that are taking off or landing. Another risk is that people might take advantage of drones to harm others. For instance, as more people will be flying drones for photography in the future, some might spy on and take photographs of others without their knowledge. Illegal hunters might also use drones to track and kill animals. Such issues must 6 (address). The government needs to make laws to monitor the 7 (produce) and use of drones. For example, in some countries, 8 remote pilot licence is required in order to fly a drone for business purposes. At the moment, different countries 9 (develop) air traffic control systems that can manage large numbers of drones. Police forces around the world are also looking at ways 10 (stop) drones from flying near airports and stadiums. Text 2 （2020年新高考全国I卷） China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 1 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 2 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 4 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 5 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 6 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it 7 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8 (construct)”. Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 9 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 10 (it) plans for a future lunar base are practical. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. As he walked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank, he heard the sound of someone trying to start a car. He tried again and again but couldn’t get the car moving. Arthur turned and looked inside at the face of a young man who looked worried. Arthur stopped and said, “It looks like you’ve got a problem,” Arthur said. “I’m afraid so. I’m in a big hurry but I can’t start my car.” “Is there something I can do to help?” Arthur asked. The young man looked at the two suitcases in the back seat and then said, “Thanks. If you’re sure it wouldn’t be too much trouble, you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi.” “No trouble at all. I’d be glad to help.” The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat. After placing it on the ground, he turned to get the other one. Just as Arthur picked up the first suitcase and started walking, he heard the long loud noise of an alarm. It was from the bank. There had been a robbery (抢劫)! Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the air was filled with the sound of the alarm and the shouts of people running from all directions. Cars stopped and the passengers joined the crowd in front of the bank. People asked each other, “What happened?” But everyone had a different answer. Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned to look at the bank and walked right into a young woman in front of him. She looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised. “Why is she looking at me like that?” he thought. “The suitcase! She thinks I’m the bank thief!” Arthur looked around at the crowd of people. He became frightened, and without another thought, he started to run. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop!” ____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $A silent invasion at a small clinic, physician doctor chen and surgeon doctor, I often tackled severe infections head on. One day, a chemist brought them a strange virus, which could invade healthy cells and short a patient's life span. Ultimately, the team found an abNormal gene in the virus genome. This finding was fundamental to developing a new drug. A patient . arrived with evidence of widespread infection. His tum, pulls and wrist showed up Normal signs. The virus had damaged in organ, causing fever and anxiety. The doctors examined him and used accused unctuous with fine needles to relieve his symptoms. They also applied a bandaged to a small wound to prevent secondary infection. Eventually, the new drug stopped the virus. His recovery was a phenomenon. No harmful substance remained in his body. The patient became outgoing and grateful. The team viewed this case as a symbol of hope, a new weapon against future threats. The solid science behind the drug gave everyone confidence. The digital castle, a greedy hacker, planned to commit a crime of theft against a massive financial network. He posed a serious threat to the database. Apparently, his capacity to analyze system weaknesses was impressive. Urged by warning signals, the company coined a breakthrough solution, an autonomous fail safe system. The team did not deny the demand for Better security. They concluded that building castles in the air was useless. Instead, they built a real castle of defense. After they analyzed every alternative, they engage a clone system to bury the real data. This practical definition of security highlighted their superiority over criminals. They remained optimistic even when a ever expressed envy, apparently, the hacker became annoyed and gave up the license to Operate their system was justified. The seed of their success grew like weeds. No barrier remained at the forefront of their technology. They had turned a serious threat into a solid Victory. 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业02 语言知识巩固 选择性必修二 (Units 3-4) (解析版) 一、听录音，用Unit 3词汇表所学的单词完成以下短文。 A Silent Invasion At a small clinic, physician Dr. Chen and surgeon Dr. Li often tackled severe infections head-on. One day, a chemist brought them a strange virus, which could invade healthy cells and shorten a patient’s lifespan. Ultimately, the team found an abnormal gene in the virus’s genome. This finding was fundamental to developing a new drug. A patient arrived with evidence of widespread infection. His tongue, pulse, and wrist showed abnormal signs. The virus had damaged an organ, causing fever and anxiety. The doctors examined him and used acupuncture with fine needles to relieve his symptoms. They also applied a bandage to a small wound to prevent secondary infection. Eventually, the new drug stopped the virus. His recovery was a phenomenon. No harmful substance remained in his body. The patient became outgoing and grateful. The team viewed this case as a symbol of hope — a new weapon against future threats. The solid science behind the drug gave everyone confidence. 无声的入侵 在一家小诊所里，内科陈医生和外科李医生经常迎难而上，处理严重的感染。一天，一位药剂师给他们带来了一种奇怪的病毒。这种病毒可以侵入健康的细胞，缩短患者的寿命。最终，研究小组在病毒基因组中发现了一个异常的基因。这一发现对于开发一种新药物至关重要。 一位患者前来就诊，身上有大面积感染的证据。他的舌头、脉搏和手腕都显示出异常的迹象。病毒已经损坏了一个器官，导致发烧和焦虑。医生们检查了他，并用细针进行针灸来缓解他的症状。他们还用绷带包扎了一个小伤口，以防止继发感染。 最终，新药物遏制了病毒。他的康复堪称一个奇迹。体内不再残留任何有害物质。患者变得外向且心存感激。团队将这一病例视为希望的象征——一种对抗未来威胁的新武器。这种可靠的药物背后的科学原理让所有人充满信心。 二、听录音，用Unit 4词汇表所学的单词完成以下短文。 The Digital Castle A greedy hacker planned to commit a crime of theft against a massive financial network. He posed a serious threat to the database. Apparently, his capacity to analyse system weaknesses was impressive. Urged by warning signals, the company coined a breakthrough solution: an autonomous fail-safe system. The team did not deny the demand for better security. They concluded that building castles in the air was useless. Instead, they built a real castle of defence. After they analysed every alternative, they engaged a clone system to bury the real data. This practical definition of security highlighted their superiority over criminals. They remained optimistic even when a rival expressed envy. Apparently, the hacker became annoyed and gave up. The licence to operate their system was justified. The seed of their success grew like weeds. No barrier remained at the forefront of their technology. They had turned a serious threat into a solid victory. 数字城堡 一个贪婪的黑客，针对一个庞大的金融网络，计划实施一起盗窃。他对数据库构成了严重的威胁。显然，他分析系统弱点的能力令人印象深刻。在警告信号的敦促下，公司创造了一个突破性的解决方案：一个自主的具有自动保险性能的系统。 团队没有否认对更好安全性的需求。他们断定，建造空中楼阁是无用的。相反，他们建立了一个真正的防御城堡。在分析了每一种替代方案之后，他们采用了一个克隆系统来掩埋真实数据。这种切实可行的安全定义凸显了他们相对于罪犯的优势。即使对手表现出嫉妒，他们也保持乐观。 显然，那个黑客变得恼怒并放弃了。运营其系统的许可证是合乎情理的。他们成功的种子像杂草一样疯长。在他们的技术最前列，没有障碍留下。他们将一个严重的威胁变成了实实在在的胜利。 三、重点单词 (词性变化) 1. specialize (vi.) 专门研究（或从事），专攻 → specialization (n.) 专门化，专业 → specialist (n.) 专家 2. contract (vt.) 感染（疾病）；与……订立合同 → contraction (n.) 收缩；感染 → contractor (n.) 承包者，承包商 3. identify (vt.) 找到，发现；确认（身份）→ identification (n.) 识别，鉴定 → identifiable (adj.) 可识别的，可确认的 4. restore (vt.) 恢复；修复；使复原 → restoration (n.) 恢复，修复 → restorative (adj.) 有助于恢复的 5. restrict (vt.) 限制；束缚 → restriction (n.) 限制，约束 → restrictive (adj.) 限制性的 6. equip (vt.) 配备；使有能力 → equipment (n.) 设备，装备 → equipped (adj.) 装备齐全的；有能力的 7. adjust (v.) 调整；适应，习惯 → adjustment (n.) 调整，调节 → adjustable (adj.) 可调节的 8. virtual (adj.) 虚拟的，模拟的 → virtually (adv.) 虚拟地；几乎 → virtualize (v.) 虚拟化 9. sensor (n.) 传感器，敏感元件 → sensory (adj.) 感觉的，感官的 → sense (v.) 感知 → sensitive (adj.) 敏感的 10. recognize (v.) 识别 → recognition (n.) 识别 → recognizable (adj.) 可识别的 11. distribute (v.) 分配 → distribution (n.) 分配 → distributor (n.) 分销商，配电器 12. variety (n.) 多样性 → various (adj.) 各种各样的 → vary (v.) 变化 13. resist (v.) 抵抗 → resistance (n.) 抵抗 → resistant (adj.) 抵抗的 14. convention (n.) 惯例，大会 → conventional (adj.) 传统的 → conventionally (adv.) 传统地 15. disable (v.) 使丧失能力，使无效 → disabled (adj.) 残疾的，失效的 → disability (n.) 残疾，障碍 四、重点短语 1. relate to 涉及，与……相关 2. wrestle with 努力处理，全力解决 3. put sth in place 准备就绪，落实到位 4. go to great lengths to do sth 竭尽全力做某事 5. date back to 追溯到，始于 6. prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 7. without doubt 毫无疑问，的确 8. a ripe old age 高龄 9. to name but a few 略举几例 10. fall victim to 受伤，受损，被害 11. break into 强行闯入；顺利打入 12. spy on 暗中监视，窥探 13. a host of 许多，大量 14. boil down to 归结为，基本问题是 15. at the expense of 在牺牲（或损害）……的情况下 一、单句语法填空 1. After years of __________ in cardiology (心内科), Dr. Li became a leading __________ in heart surgery. (specialize) 答案： specialization/specialty；specialist 解析： 第一空前有介词 of，后接名词，specialize 的名词形式为 specialization，常与 in 搭配，意为“专门研究”。第二空作表语，指人，specialist 意为“专家”。全句：经过多年心脏病学的专门研究，李医生成为心脏外科的顶尖专家。 2. The __________ of a rare virus was traced to a single patient, and the hospital accused its cleaning __________ of violating safety protocols (规程). (contract) 答案： contraction；contractor 解析： 第一空 contraction of a virus 意为“感染病毒”，为名词短语。第二空 contractor 意为“承包商”，cleaning contractor 指“清洁承包商”。医院指责承包商违反安全规程，与第一空的病毒感染事件形成因果逻辑。全句：一种罕见病毒的感染源被追踪到单一患者，医院指责其清洁承包商违反了安全规程。 3. The __________ of the missing hiker was made possible by his unique backpack, and the bright red color made it easily __________. (identify) 答案： identification；identifiable 解析： 第一空前有定冠词 the，后接名词 identification，意为“识别，确认”。第二空作表语，需用形容词 identifiable，意为“可识别的”。全句：通过他独特的背包，失踪徒步者的身份得以确认，而鲜红色使其很容易被认出来。 4. The __________ of the historic theater took three years, and the special paint used had __________ properties for the old wood. (restore) 答案： restoration；restorative 解析： 第一空前有定冠词 the，后接名词 restoration，意为“修复”。第二空修饰 properties，需用形容词 restorative，意为“有助于恢复的”。全句：这座历史剧院的修复耗时三年，所用特殊涂料对旧木材有修复性能。 5. The government imposed (实施) a __________ on international travel, and such __________ measures were later proven effective against the pandemic. (restrict) 答案： restriction；restrictive 解析： 第一空前有不定冠词 a，后接名词 restriction，意为“限制”。第二空修饰 measures，需用形容词 restrictive，意为“限制性的”。全句：政府对国际旅行实施了限制，这类限制性措施后来被证明对控制疫情有效。 6. The laboratory has all the necessary __________ for DNA sequencing, and the technicians are well __________ to handle dangerous samples. (equip) 答案： equipment；equipped 解析： 第一空前有形容词 necessary，后接名词 equipment，意为“设备”。第二空作表语，需用形容词 equipped，构成 be equipped to do，意为“有能力的”。全句：实验室拥有 DNA 测序所需的所有设备，技术人员有能力处理危险样本。 7. The __________ of the microscope’s focus knob (旋钮) is very smooth, and the stand is __________ to fit different eye levels. (adjust) 答案： adjustment；adjustable 解析： 第一空前有定冠词 the，后接名词 adjustment，意为“调节”。第二空作表语，需用形容词 adjustable，意为“可调节的”。全句：显微镜调焦旋钮的调节非常顺滑，支架可调节以适配不同的眼高。 8. The new simulation software allows engineers to __________ any physical crash test and then run the scenarios __________ in a digital environment. (virtual) 答案： virtualize；virtually 解析： 第一空 virtualize 意为“虚拟化”；第二空 virtually 作副词，意为“虚拟地”，修饰 run。全句：新仿真软件使工程师能够将任何物理碰撞测试虚拟化，然后在数字环境中以虚拟方式运行这些场景。 9. The __________ organs of bats are highly developed, enabling them to __________ ultrasonic (超声波的) waves reflected from insects. (sensor) 答案： sensory；sense 解析： 第一空修饰 organs，需用形容词 sensory，意为“感觉的，感官的”。第二空前有不定式标记 to，需用动词原形 sense，意为“感知”。全句：蝙蝠的感觉器官高度发达，使它们能够感知昆虫反射的超声波。 10. The __________ of speech patterns is a key task in voice assistants, and individual accents are often easily __________ by the system. (recognize) 答案： recognition；recognizable 解析： 第一空前有定冠词 the，后接名词 recognition，意为“识别”。第二空作表语，需用形容词 recognizable，意为“可识别的”。全句：语音模式的识别是语音助手的核心任务，而系统通常能轻易识别出个人口音。 11. The company manages the __________ of fresh produce across the country, acting as the main __________ for organic vegetables. (distribute) 答案： distribution；distributor 解析： 第一空前有定冠词 the，后接名词 distribution，意为“分配，分销”。第二空作表语，需用名词 distributor，意为“分销商”。全句：该公司管理全国生鲜产品的分销，是有机蔬菜的主要分销商。 12. The __________ of butterfly wings in the rainforest is breathtaking, and their colors __________ from bright blue to soft orange. (variety) 答案： variety；vary 解析： 第一空前有定冠词 the，后接名词 variety，意为“多样性”。第二空作谓语，需用动词 vary，意为“变化”，主语为复数 colors，用原形。全句：雨林中蝴蝶翅膀的多样性令人惊叹，其颜色从亮蓝色到柔和的橙色不等。 13. The metal shows high __________ to corrosion (腐蚀) even in salt water, and the coating is __________ to scratches. (resist) 答案： resistance；resistant 解析： 第一空前有形容词 high，后接名词 resistance，意为“抵抗力”。第二空作表语，需用形容词 resistant，意为“抵抗的”，构成 be resistant to。全句：这种金属即使在盐水中也表现出高抗腐蚀性，其涂层耐划伤。 14. The __________ approach to pain relief relies on oral medication, but these drugs are still tested __________ through randomized trials. (convention) 答案： conventional；conventionally 解析： 第一空修饰 approach，需用形容词 conventional，意为“传统的”。第二空修饰 tested，需用副词 conventionally，意为“传统地”。全句：缓解疼痛的传统方法依赖口服药物，但这些药物仍按常规通过随机试验进行测试。 15. The workplace should provide equal opportunities for __________ employees, and any discrimination based on __________ is illegal. (disable) 答案： disabled；disability 解析： 第一空修饰 employees，需用形容词 disabled，意为“残疾的”。第二空作宾语，需用名词 disability，意为“残疾”，前面有介词 on。全句：工作场所应为残疾员工提供平等机会，任何基于残疾的歧视都是非法的。 二、用所给短语的适当形式填空 relate to, wrestle with, put sth in place, go to great lengths to do sth, date back to, prohibit sb from doing sth, without doubt, a ripe old age, to name but a few, fall victim to, break into, spy on, a host of, boil down to, at the expense of 1. The ancient practice of acupuncture ________________ more than 2,000 years ago and is still widely used today. 2. Many countries have laws that ________________ parents ________________ leaving young children alone at home. 3. The professor had to ________________ complex mathematical concepts before he could explain them to beginners. 4. ________________, regular exercise is one of the most effective ways to maintain good health. 5. The old man lived to ________________ of 95 and remained active until the end. 6. The company achieved rapid growth ________________ employee welfare, leading to high turnover. 7. The team’s failure ________________ a lack of communication and poor planning. 8. The government has promised to ________________ new safety measures ________________ before the next flu season. 9. She ________________ to learn three foreign languages before she turned 20. 10. Many small businesses ________________ the economic crisis last year. 11. The burglar ________________ the house through a window while the family was asleep. 12. The spy was caught trying to ________________ the military base’s activities. 13. There are ________________ reasons why a balanced diet is important, including energy, immunity, and brain function. 14. The scientist’s research ______________ the relationship between sleep quality and memory retention (保留). 15. Many famous athletes have used visualization techniques to improve performance — Michael Phelps, Serena Williams, ________________. 答案、翻译与详细解析 1. 【答案】dates back to 句子翻译： 针灸这一古老疗法可追溯到两千多年前，至今仍被广泛使用。 解析：date back to 意为“追溯到……”，后面必须跟一个具体的时间点（而非时间段）。原句中 more than 2,000 years ago 是一个时间点（“两千多年前”），符合短语要求。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时 dates back to。注意：不可写成 dates back to over 2,000 years（语法错误）。 2. 【答案】prohibit; from 句子翻译： 许多国家都有法律禁止父母将年幼的孩子单独留在家中。 解析：prohibit sb from doing sth 意为“禁止某人做某事”，是正式用语。句中 prohibit parents from leaving 结构完整。本句描述一般性法律规定，使用一般现在时 prohibit。 3. 【答案】wrestle with 句子翻译： 这位教授必须先努力弄懂复杂的数学概念，才能向初学者讲解。 解析：wrestle with 意为“努力处理、全力解决（难题或复杂事物）”。教授面对复杂概念需要“努力钻研”，符合语境。had to 后接动词原形，故填 wrestle with。 4. 【答案】Without doubt 句子翻译： 毫无疑问，定期锻炼是保持健康最有效的方法之一。 解析：without doubt 意为“毫无疑问、的确”，常作状语置于句首，后面用逗号隔开。注意首字母大写（位于句首）。该短语表达强烈的肯定语气，与后文“最有效的方法之一”完美匹配。 5. 【答案】a ripe old age 句子翻译： 这位老人活到了95岁高龄，并且直到生命尽头都保持活跃。 解析：a ripe old age 意为“高龄”，通常与 live to 搭配，构成 live to a ripe old age of + 数字。句中 lived to a ripe old age of 95 是标准用法。 6. 【答案】at the expense of 句子翻译： 该公司以牺牲员工福利为代价实现了快速增长，导致人员流动率高。 解析：at the expense of 意为“以牺牲……为代价”。公司增长快但员工福利受损，符合短语表达的负面因果关系。后接名词 employee welfare 作宾语。 7. 【答案】boils down to 句子翻译： 这个团队的失败归根结底是缺乏沟通和计划不周。 解析：boil down to 意为“归结为、基本问题是”。主语 failure 是单数，且本句陈述一般事实，用一般现在时第三人称单数 boils down to。该短语常用于提炼核心原因。 8. 【答案】put; in place 句子翻译： 政府承诺在下一次流感季节到来之前将新的安全措施落实到位。 解析：put sth in place 意为“使……准备就绪、落实到位”。句中 put new safety measures in place 表示“将安全措施部署好”。has promised to 后接动词原形，故用 put。 9. 【答案】went to great lengths 句子翻译： 她竭尽全力，在20岁之前学会了三门外语。 解析：go to great lengths to do sth 意为“竭尽全力做某事”。本句描述过去发生的事（before she turned 20），所以用一般过去时 went to great lengths。注意 to do 已在句中体现为 to learn，故只填动词部分。 10. 【答案】fell victim to 句子翻译： 许多小企业在去年的经济危机中遭受重创。 解析：fall victim to 意为“成为……的受害者、受损/受伤/被害”。句中主语 small businesses 在去年经济危机中受损，时间状语 last year 提示用一般过去时 fell。 11. 【答案】broke into 句子翻译： 盗贼趁一家人熟睡时从窗户强行闯入了房子。 解析：break into 意为“强行闯入（建筑物、车辆等）”。描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时 broke into。句中 through a window 进一步说明了闯入方式，与短语语义吻合。 12. 【答案】spy on 句子翻译： 那名间谍在试图监视军事基地的活动时被抓获。 解析：spy on 意为“暗中监视、窥探”。间谍的行为正是秘密监视军事基地。was caught trying to 后接动词原形，故填 spy on。 13. 【答案】a host of 句子翻译： 均衡饮食之所以重要有诸多原因，例如能量、免疫力和大脑功能等。 解析：a host of 意为“许多、大量”，修饰可数名词复数 reasons。该短语相当于 many，但更正式。后文列举了三个例子，呼应“许多原因”。 14. 【答案】relates to 句子翻译： 这位科学家的研究涉及睡眠质量与记忆力保持之间的关系。 解析：relate to 意为“涉及、与……相关”。主语 research 是单数，本句陈述一般事实，用一般现在时 relates to。该短语常用来表示某事物与另一事物的关联。 15. 【答案】to name but a few 句子翻译： 许多著名运动员都使用过可视化技巧来提高表现——仅举几例，如迈克尔·菲尔普斯、塞雷娜·威廉姆斯。 解析：to name but a few 意为“仅举几例”，用于列举之后，表示所举例子只是众多中的一小部分。句中在两位运动员名字之后使用，位置和标点（前面用破折号或逗号）均正确。 三、课文长句翻译与仿写 1. Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. (p 30) 中文翻译： 遗传学家们一直在试图确定哪些基因与哪些疾病相关，因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的有效手段。 英文仿写： 医生们一直在努力研究哪些生活习惯与哪些慢性病(chronic diseases)相关，因为他们认为预防胜于治疗。 Doctors have been trying to find out which lifestyles relate to which chronic diseases, as they believe prevention is better than cure. 结构解析： 主句：Doctors have been trying to find out...（现在完成进行时，表示从过去持续到现在的动作） 宾语从句：which lifestyles relate to which chronic diseases（由 which...which... 引导的间接疑问句） 原因状语从句：as they believe prevention is better than cure（as 引导，表示“因为”） 2. One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flus, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent. (p 31) 中文翻译： 在不久的将来，我们将能够利用基因组编辑来增强人体对感冒和流感的抵抗力，让人长得更高，帮助肌肉更快发育，提高所有感官的敏锐度，或者让他们变得更聪明。 英文仿写： 有一天，我们将能够利用人工智能来改善医疗诊断，辅助教师教学，协助科学家研究，优化交通流量，或者提高工厂效率。 One day we will be able to use artificial intelligence to improve medical diagnosis, to assist teachers in teaching, to help scientists with research, to optimize traffic flow or to increase factory efficiency. 结构解析： 主句：we will be able to use artificial intelligence（一般将来时，表示未来能力） 并列不定式短语作目的状语：to improve..., to assist..., to help..., to optimize..., or to increase...（多个“to do”并列，列举多种用途） 核心结构：use something to do something（用某物做某事） 3. It is important for eyes to get regular breaks throughout the day, so students at No. 9 High School are advised to stop for a few minutes in the middle of their study and look at distant objects. （p 37） 中文翻译： 眼睛需要全天定时休息，这一点很重要，因此第九中学建议学生在学习中途停下来几分钟，眺望远处的物体。 英文仿写： 保持良好姿势对背部健康很重要，因此办公室员工被建议每坐一小时就站起来伸展一下。 It is important for back health to maintain good posture, so office workers are advised to stand up and stretch every hour of sitting. 结构解析： 形式主语结构：It is important for...to do...（真正主语是后面的不定式短语） 结果状语从句：so + 主语 + be advised to do sth（“因此某人被建议做某事”） 被动语态：are advised（一般现在时被动，表示普遍建议） 并列不定式：to stand up and stretch（两个动作并列） 4. Nowadays, the fine sharp needles that measure usually between 15 and 75 millimetres in length are still used, while most of the others have been replaced by more complex medical instruments. （p 39） 中文翻译： 如今，那些长度通常在15到75毫米之间的细锐针仍然在使用，而大多数其他工具已被更复杂的医疗仪器所取代。 英文仿写： 如今，那些通常只有几行代码的简单程序仍然在使用，而大多数复杂软件已被基于云的应用所取代。 Nowadays, the simple programs that consist of only a few lines of code are still used, while most of the complex software has been replaced by cloud-based applications. 结构解析： 主语 + 定语从句：the simple programs that consist of only a few lines of code（that引导的定语从句修饰主语） 主句谓语：are still used（一般现在时被动语态） 对比连词：while（表示前后对比） 从句：most of the complex software has been replaced by...（现在完成时被动语态，强调“已被取代”的结果） 5. And it has been used to treat more than just physical problems—acupuncturists have discovered that the treatment helps with mental problems like depression and anxiety too. （p 40） 中文翻译： 而且，针灸不仅用于治疗身体问题——针灸师发现，这种疗法也有助于治疗抑郁症和焦虑症等心理问题。 英文仿写： 而且，这项技术不仅用于娱乐——教育工作者发现，它也能帮助学生学习数学和语言等科目。 And it has been used for more than just entertainment—educators have discovered that it helps students learn subjects like math and language as well. 结构解析： 主句：it has been used for more than just entertainment（现在完成时被动语态，表示从过去持续到现在的用法） 破折号引出补充信息：educators have discovered that...（现在完成时，表示已经发现的事实） 宾语从句：that it helps students learn subjects like...（help sb do sth结构） 结尾短语：as well（相当于too，放在句尾） 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Text 1 Laziness, far from being a choice, might actually be deeply rooted in our genetic makeup. The so-called “Lazy Gene” theory assumes that some individuals might be genetically likely to avoid intense activity, something that seems to contradict our modern society’s focus on productivity. The concept behind this fascinating theory traces back to our ancestors’ way of life. Many thousands of years ago, human beings were hunter-gatherers, existing in severe environments where energy conservation was key to survival. The less energy our ancestors used, the fewer calories they had to consume, which was beneficial in times when food was scarce. As a result, those who were genetically predisposed to expend less energy, and thus eat less, had a survival advantage. This suggests that the genes promoting energy conservation may have been passed down through generations. However, in today’s modern world, where food is abundant and physical activity is no longer essential for survival, this trait can show as “laziness” or a tendency towards a sedentary (久坐不动的) lifestyle. There is scientific evidence to support this theory. A 2019 study involving rats demonstrated a clear genetic divide between those that were more active and those that were more still and preferred not to move around so much. Behavioural geneticist, Dr. Stanley Lethargic, believes that the Lazy Gene could be more common than we currently acknowledge. “With the coming of increasingly convenient technology and less physically demanding jobs, we see more and more evidence of this gene expression,” he says. “It seems that our modern lifestyle might actually be enabling the Lazy Gene.” However, acknowledging the Lazy Gene does not equal justifying a lack of motivation or effort. While it’s true that our genetic likelihood can influence our behaviour to some extent, our individual decisions and actions still play a crucial role. Cognitive-behavioural strategies, regular exercise, and maintaining a balanced diet can help counteract (抵消) the effects of this gene. In essence, the Lazy Gene theory is an fascinating perspective that combines evolutionary biology with modern behaviours. While it offers a potential explanation for why some people seem to prefer inactivity, it’s essential to remember that it does not excuse laziness. As individuals, we have the power and the responsibility to influence our behaviours and lead healthier lives, regardless of our genetic makeup. 1. What is the primary idea behind the "Lazy Gene" theory? A. Some genes in the body are less active than others. B. Some genes cause us to put on weight and therefore move less. C. Some genes make us avoid too much activity and preserve energy. D. Some genes have been unable to change from how they were thousands of years ago. 2. How did energy conservation benefit our ancestors when food was scarce? A. It meant hunting was easier. B. It stopped us putting on weight. C. It meant we could store more food. D. It meant that fewer calories were required. 3. According to the article, what can be done to counteract the effects of the Lazy Gene? A. Be strict on yourself. B. Follow what other more active people do. C. Take medication to make yourself more active. D. Make conscious decisions to move more and eat well. 4. What would be an title of the article? A. 3 Steps To A More Active Life. B. Our Lazy Ancestors: How Did They Survive? C. Put Down Your Phone And Stop Being Lazy! D. Is Your Teenage Son Just Copying His Ancestors? 答案及详细解析 1. 【答案】C。细节理解题 【解析】题干问“懒惰基因”理论的主要观点。文章第一段明确提到“some individuals might be genetically likely to avoid strenuous activity”，即某些人可能天生倾向于避免剧烈活动；第二段进一步指出能量节约对祖先生存至关重要。因此，该理论的核心是某些基因使人避免过度活动以保存能量。C项准确概括了这一点。A项“体内某些基因不如其他活跃”曲解概念；B项“基因导致发胖从而少动”文中未提及；D项“基因无法改变”与原文“基因被代代相传”不符，且非主要观点。 2. 【答案】D。细节理解题 【解析】题干问能量节约在食物短缺时如何帮助祖先。第二段指出：“The less energy our ancestors used, the fewer calories they had to consume”，即消耗能量越少，所需卡路里越少，这在食物稀缺时有利。D项“意味着需要更少的卡路里”为同义表述。A项“使狩猎更容易”、B项“阻止发胖”、C项“能储存更多食物”均未在文中提及。 3. 【答案】D。细节理解题 【解析】题干问如何抵消懒惰基因的影响。倒数第二段指出：“Cognitive-behavioural strategies, regular exercise, and maintaining a balanced diet can help counteract the effects”，即认知行为策略、规律运动和均衡饮食。这些都属于“做出有意识的决定多运动并健康饮食”（D项）。A项“对自己严格”过于笼统；B项“跟随更活跃的人”未提及；C项“服药”文章未涉及。 4. 【答案】D。标题归纳题 【解析】题干要求选择合适的替代标题。文章核心是“懒惰基因”的遗传根源（源于祖先节约能量）及其在现代社会中的表现。D项“你的青春期儿子只是在模仿他的祖先吗？”以幽默方式点出基因遗传的视角，与主旨契合。A项“迈向更积极生活的三步”偏重行动指南，不符合；B项“我们懒惰的祖先：他们如何幸存？”仅涉及祖先部分，忽略现代关联；C项“放下手机，别再懒惰！”带有说教意味，与文章客观分析基因影响的基调不符。 Text 2 (2024年新课标Ⅰ卷 D篇) In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 5. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 6. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 7. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 8. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 【答案】5. B 6. C 7. C 8. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （2020年新高考全国I卷） Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 . He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age. When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 7 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below. Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals. 1. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice 2. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge 3. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward 4. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage 5. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise 6. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted 7. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust 8. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter 9. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance 10. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed 11. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding 12. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial 13. A. back B. top C. foot D. side 14. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect 15. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. D 【解析】 1. 【答案】 C。词义辨析题。前文提到“Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大”，后面说这个村庄附近的湿地成了他的第二个______。结合语境，湿地对他而言如同第二个“家”（home），语义通顺。dream（梦想）、job（工作）、choice（选择）均不恰当-6。 2. 【答案】 A。上下文语境题。前文提到湿地是他的第二个家，可知此处表达“他很早就认识到了______的价值和美丽”。下文描述的是他种树保护自然的经历，因此应是“自然”（nature）的价值和美丽。youth（青春）、culture（文化）、knowledge（知识）均不符合语境-6。 3. 【答案】 C。语境推断题。后文提到洪水破坏了环境，鸟类和蛇类数量减少，可见这是“令人不安的”（disturbing）事情。precious（珍贵的）、interesting（有趣的）、awkward（尴尬的）均不符合文意。 4. 【答案】 D。词义辨析题。句意为“洪水造成的______赶走了很多鸟”。洪水带来的应该是“破坏”（damage）。waste（浪费）、tension（紧张）、pain（痛苦）均不恰当。 5. 【答案】 A。逻辑关系题。前文提到鸟的数量减少，后文提到蛇的数量也下降了，两者是并列补充关系，故用Besides（此外）。However（然而）表转折，Therefore（因此）表因果，Otherwise（否则）表条件，均不符合。 6. 【答案】 B。语境理解题。他注意到环境变化后，______这是因为没有足够的树木。此处应是“意识到”（realized）因果关系。agreed（同意）、remembered（记得）、predicted（预测）均不符合。 7. 【答案】 B。上下文语境题。前文提到没有足够的树木来保护它们免受______的危害。结合后文“白天寻找庇护所”的逻辑，以及干旱季节的语境，可知树木可以提供阴凉来抵御“炎热”（heat）。noise（噪音）、disease（疾病）、dust（灰尘）均不如heat符合上下文逻辑。 8. 【答案】 D。词义辨析题。句意为“这样动物们就可以在白天寻找______”。树木可以为动物提供“庇护所/阴凉处”（shelter）。directions（方向）、partners（伙伴）、help（帮助）均不符合。 9. 【答案】 C。常识推理题。Molai想要种树，所以应是向“林业部门”（forest department）求助。labor（劳工）、police（警察）、finance（财政）均不合理。 10. 【答案】 B。词义辨析题。句意为“Molai自己去寻找，______了附近的一个岛屿”。他之前不知道这个岛，所以是“发现”（discovered）。rebuilt（重建）、left（离开）、managed（设法）均不符合。 11. 【答案】 C。语境推断题。在旱季（dry season），对年轻植株进行“浇水”（Watering）是非常困难的。decorating（装饰）、observing（观察）、guarding（守卫）均不切合旱季的核心矛盾。 12. 【答案】 A。词义辨析题。对于一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给树苗浇水是“困难/艰苦的”（tough）。illegal（非法的）、fantastic（极好的）、beneficial（有益的）均不符合逻辑。 13. 【答案】 B。常识推理题。他在每棵树苗的______建一个竹制平台，然后在平台上放收集雨水的陶罐，水从上往下滴，因此平台应在树苗的“顶部/顶端”（top）。back（背部）、foot（底部）、side（侧面）均无法实现向下滴水的效果。 14. 【答案】 D。词义辨析题。陶罐上有小孔，目的是“收集”（collect）雨水。cool down（冷却）、keep off（远离）、purify（净化）均不符合。 15. 【答案】 D。语境推断题。句意为“Molai在接下来的37年里______种树”。这里表达的是他继续坚持不懈地种树，应选“continued”（继续）。returned（返回）、learned（学习）、failed（失败）均不符合文意。 三、短文语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式. Text 1 For better or for worse, the widespread use of drones will affect our lives in different ways. It is certain that 1 the technology gets more 2 (advance), more drones will be flying in the sky. Despite all the 3 (wonder) functions that drones perform, they may 4 cause trouble. Take air traffic for example. When passenger drones are flying above our cities in large quantities, the sky will be getting more and more crowded. As a result, they are more likely to crash into each other. In addition, drones cause much trouble for airlines as some of them fly near airports, 5 (pose) a threat to planes that are taking off or landing. Another risk is that people might take advantage of drones to harm others. For instance, as more people will be flying drones for photography in the future, some might spy on and take photographs of others without their knowledge. Illegal hunters might also use drones to track and kill animals. Such issues must 6 (address). The government needs to make laws to monitor the 7 (produce) and use of drones. For example, in some countries, 8 remote pilot licence is required in order to fly a drone for business purposes. At the moment, different countries 9 (develop) air traffic control systems that can manage large numbers of drones. Police forces around the world are also looking at ways 10 (stop) drones from flying near airports and stadiums. 【答案】1. as 2. advanced 3. wonderful 4. also 5. posing 6. be addressed 7. production 8. a 9. are developing 10. to stop 【解析】 【1题详解】 考查连词。句意：可以肯定的是，随着技术变得越来越先进，天空中会有越来越多的无人机飞行。空处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着……”，强调技术发展与无人机数量增加的同步关系。as意为“随着”，符合句意。若填when（当……时）则侧重某一时间点，与“gets more advanced”的渐进过程不协调；if或since逻辑不符。故填as。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词（过去分词作形容词）。句意同上。get后接形容词构成系表结构，advance的过去分词advanced已形容词化，意为“先进的”，且与more构成比较级“更先进的”。故填advanced。 【3题详解】 考查词性转换（名词→形容词）。句意：尽管无人机执行着各种绝妙的功能，但它们也可能带来麻烦。空处修饰名词functions，需用形容词。wonder的名词意为“奇迹”，其形容词wonderful意为“绝妙的，极好的”。故填wonderful。 【4题详解】 考查逻辑关系（递进副词）。句意同上。上文提到无人机的优点（wonderful functions），下文用also引出同样存在的负面影响，表示“也，而且”。also位于情态动词may之后、实义动词cause之前，符合副词位置。故填also。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词（现在分词作状语）。句意：此外，无人机给航空公司带来很多麻烦，因为其中一些无人机在机场附近飞行，对正在起飞或降落的飞机构成威胁。逻辑主语drones与pose之间为主动关系，且fly near airports自然地导致pose a threat，故用现在分词posing作伴随或结果状语。若填to pose则表示目的（为了造成威胁而飞近机场），逻辑荒谬。故填posing。 【6题详解】 考查时态语态（情态动词的被动语态）。句意：这些问题必须得到解决。主语issues与address（处理）之间为被动关系，且must为情态动词，后接动词原形，故填be addressed。address在此意为“解决，对付”。 【7题详解】 考查词性转换（动词→名词）。句意：政府需要制定法律来监管无人机的生产和使用。monitor后接名词作宾语，且与use并列。produce的名词形式production意为“生产”。producing为动名词，但此处强调“生产行为”的概念，而非具体动作，production更准确。故填production。 【8题详解】 考查冠词（不定冠词表泛指）。句意：例如，在一些国家，用于商业目的飞行无人机需要持有远程飞行员执照。licence为可数名词单数，此处首次提及，表示泛指“一种……执照”，且remote以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。the表特指，不符合语境。故填a。 【9题详解】 考查时态语态（现在进行时）。句意：目前，不同国家正在开发能够管理大量无人机的空中交通控制系统。时间状语at the moment（此刻）强调当前正在进行的动作，且下文police forces are also looking at ways...同为现在进行时，保持时态一致。主语countries为复数，故填are developing。一般现在时develop无法体现“当前正在开发”的意味。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词（动词不定式作定语）。句意：世界各地的警察部队也在研究阻止无人机飞近机场和体育场的方法。 动词不定式to stop作后置定语，修饰ways。故填 to stop。 Text 2 （2020年新高考全国I卷） China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 1 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 2 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 4 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 5 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 6 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it 7 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8 (construct)”. Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 9 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 10 (it) plans for a future lunar base are practical. 【答案】1. touched 2. extremely 3. where 4. interest 5. than 6. to find 7. means 8. is constructed 9. much 10. its 【解析】 【1题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：无人探测器“嫦娥四号”——其名字源自中国古代月亮女神——上周在南极-艾特肯盆地着陆。根据时间状语“last week”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。touch down意为“着陆”，故填touched。 【2题详解】 考查副词。句意：在月球背面着陆极其困难。修饰形容词challenging应用副词形式，extreme的副词为extremely，意为“极其，非常”。故填extremely。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：……中国首先必须将一颗卫星送入月球上方的轨道，使其处于一个既能向探测器又能向地球发送信号的位置。先行词为spot（地点），关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 【4题详解】 考查名词。句意：月球背面对科学家特别有吸引力，因为它有许多深环形山，比我们熟悉的正面更多。短语“of + 抽象名词”相当于形容词，of particular interest意为“特别有趣”。interest为名词，符合结构。故填interest。 【5题详解】 考查介词/连词。句意同上。比较结构“more so + than”表示“比……更甚”，此处将月球背面与正面进行对比，应用than。故填than。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词（不定式）。句意：中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号上的仪器来发现和研究南极-艾特肯盆地的区域。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“用某物做某事”，不定式作目的状语。故填to find。 【7题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：“这确实让科学家们兴奋，”布朗大学的科学家Carlé Pieters说，“因为这意味着我们有机会了解月球是如何构成的。”主句为一般现在时，从句描述客观事实，也用一般现在时；主语it为第三人称单数，mean应用means。故填means。 【8题详解】 考查动词的语态和时态。句意同上。“how the moon is constructed”表示“月球是如何被构成的”，construct与moon之间为被动关系，且描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语moon为单数，故填is constructed。 【9题详解】 考查疑问词。句意：关于月球成分的数据，例如它含有多少冰和其他宝藏，可以帮助中国判断其未来建立月球基地的计划是否可行。ice为不可数名词，询问数量应用how much。故填much。 【10题详解】 考查代词。句意同上。修饰名词plans应用形容词性物主代词，it的形容词性物主代词为its，意为“它的”。故填its。 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. As he walked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank, he heard the sound of someone trying to start a car. He tried again and again but couldn’t get the car moving. Arthur turned and looked inside at the face of a young man who looked worried. Arthur stopped and said, “It looks like you’ve got a problem,” Arthur said. “I’m afraid so. I’m in a big hurry but I can’t start my car.” “Is there something I can do to help?” Arthur asked. The young man looked at the two suitcases in the back seat and then said, “Thanks. If you’re sure it wouldn’t be too much trouble, you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi.” “No trouble at all. I’d be glad to help.” The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat. After placing it on the ground, he turned to get the other one. Just as Arthur picked up the first suitcase and started walking, he heard the long loud noise of an alarm. It was from the bank. There had been a robbery (抢劫)! Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the air was filled with the sound of the alarm and the shouts of people running from all directions. Cars stopped and the passengers joined the crowd in front of the bank. People asked each other, “What happened?” But everyone had a different answer. Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned to look at the bank and walked right into a young woman in front of him. She looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised. “Why is she looking at me like that?” he thought. “The suitcase! She thinks I’m the bank thief!” Arthur looked around at the crowd of people. He became frightened, and without another thought, he started to run. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop!” ____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】 本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Arthur在上班路上偶遇一位无法发动汽车的年轻人，好心帮忙搬行李箱时，附近银行突然响起警报——发生了抢劫。周围人群骚动，一名年轻女子用怀疑的眼神盯着Arthur手中的箱子，Arthur误以为自己被当成劫匪，惊慌中拔腿就跑。此时年轻人追在后面喊“停下”，而Arthur拦下一辆出租车直奔警察局。故事围绕“误会”与“善意”展开，探讨了在恐慌和从众心理下，一次善举如何险些酿成冤案，最终真相大白、善意回归的温暖主题。 【解析】 ① 由第一段首句“As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, ‘Stop, stop!’”可知，本段应描写Arthur听到喊声后的心理和行为：他因恐惧继续奔跑，但年轻人紧追不舍并解释箱子并非赃物。需要展现紧张追逐的场景，同时让读者感受到年轻人的焦急并非恶意。结尾应衔接Arthur拦下出租车去警察局，为第二段铺垫。 ② 由第二段首句“The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur”可知，本段需描写Arthur到达警察局后的情节：他冲进警局解释误会，警察打开行李箱发现里面只是衣物和日常用品。此时通过广播或警察之口交代真劫匪已被抓获，误会彻底解除。最后年轻人赶到，感谢Arthur并道歉，Arthur领悟到“不可轻信表面印象”，故事以善意和教训收尾。 续写线索： 年轻人追赶并喊叫 → Arthur拼命跑并拦出租车 → 出租车到警局 → Arthur慌张解释 → 警察开箱检查（无赃物） → 广播通报真劫匪落网 → 年轻人赶到致谢 → Arthur反思并释然 【范文】 Paragraph 1： As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop!” But panic had taken over. Arthur ran faster, holding the suitcase tightly. The shouts of the crowd and the loud noise of the alarm mixed in his ears. He dashed into the street, waving wildly at a passing taxi. “Police station! Quick!” he yelled, throwing himself and the suitcase into the back seat. Through the rear window, he saw the young man still running after him, shouting something about a mistake. The taxi sped off, leaving Park Avenue behind. Paragraph 2： The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur burst out, dragging the heavy suitcase. “I’m not a thief! It was a misunderstanding!” he cried to the astonished officers. They opened the suitcase carefully — only to find clothes, books, and a laptop. Just then, the police radio reported that the real bank robber, a middle-aged woman, had been caught by a guard near the bank. Minutes later, the young man arrived, out of breath. “I’m so sorry,” he said. “I just wanted to get my suitcase back. Thank you for trying to help.” Arthur smiled weakly. He learned that day that fear can twist the truth, but kindness never truly goes to waste. 【词汇】 行为类：clutching（紧抓）、dashed（猛冲）、waving wildly（疯狂挥手）、burst out（冲出）、dragging（拖拽）、arrived out of breath（气喘吁吁到达） 情绪类：panic had taken over（恐慌占据）、astonished（惊讶的）、smiled weakly（勉强一笑）、never truly goes to waste（从未真正浪费） 【点睛】 [高分句型1] “Police station! Quick!” he yelled, throwing himself and the suitcase into the back seat.（现在分词短语作伴随状语，动作连贯紧凑，突出紧张场面。） [高分句型2] They opened the suitcase carefully — only to find clothes, books, and a laptop.（“only to do”表示出乎意料的结果，生动展现开箱后的反转，符合读后续写“意料之外，情理之中”的要求。） [高分句型3] He learned that day that fear can twist the truth, but kindness never truly goes to waste.（宾语从句嵌套，主题升华句，将“恐惧扭曲真相”与“善意不会浪费”对比，呼应原文误会的核心矛盾，点明主旨。） 【写作要诀】 首段衔接：必须体现Arthur在奔跑中听到喊声却因恐惧无法停下，同时让读者感受到年轻人并非追赶劫匪而是追回自己的箱子。通过“透过车窗看到年轻人还在追”的细节，保持两段之间的连贯性。 细节真实：出租车内视角（rear window）、警察开箱检查的具体物品（衣服、书、笔记本电脑）使场景可信；广播通报真劫匪落网是澄清误会的关键，避免拖沓。 转变过程：Arthur从极度恐慌到微笑释然的转变，不是靠说教，而是通过“开箱发现无罪”和“年轻人道歉”两个情节自然实现。结尾的感悟句简短有力，避免说教过长。 主题闭环：开头的“善意帮忙”与结尾“善意不会浪费”形成呼应；同时用“恐惧扭曲真相”解释原文Arthur逃跑的冲动，使整个故事逻辑自洽，符合高考阅卷对“完整性与一致性”的高分要求。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $