专题01 名词和冠词 - 备战2025年中考英语真题题源解密（全国通用）

专题01 名词和冠词 【名词】 考点研究： 1.课标要求 1. 熟练掌握所学可数名词复数形式的构成及用法。 2. 熟练掌握名词所有格的用法。 3. 掌握物质名词及其量的表达方式。 4. 掌握常用专有名词的一般用法。 5. 理解并能区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词。 6. 了解集合名词和抽象名词的概念及一般用法。 2.考点 名词是中考必考和难考之一，考查范围是中考必备名词的常见词根形式，综合近几年的中考试题来看，中考对名词的考查一般着眼于常用且易误用的名词，也是中考难度较大的一个考题， 名词考查的主要形式是单项选择题、完形填空、拼写单词、正确形式填空。分值在6分--10分，需要考生在平时的学习中做好积累，尤其要注意一些常见名词、可数名词与不可数名词。做到有计划、有步骤的复习,重在学生的自主学习，教师多给予名词词性转变方法的指导。 3.考向 考向一：名词的分类 名词可以分为普通名词和专有名词,专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称，如 Beijing，China 等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:bookstore joy happiness等。 普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体，如:doctor, house, garden 2)集体名词(Collective Nouns ):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family, police。 3)物质名词(Material Nouns ):表示无法分为个体的实物，如:rice, water, air。 4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns ):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如:health, friendship. 考向二：名词复数的变化规则：（重点考向）： (1)一般情况加 -s 清辅音后读 /s/;map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/，bag-bags /z/;car-cars/z/ (2)以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词 加-es读 /iz/ bus-buses、watch-watches (3)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s读 /iz/ license-license (4)以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies 但是,以y 结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数: 如:monkey---monkeys， holiday---holidays 比较:楼层:storey---storeys, story---stories (5)以o 结尾的名词,变复数时! a.加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios Zoo---Zoos b.加es，如: potato-potatoes tomato--tomatoes c.均可，如: zero---zeros/zeroes (6)以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时: a.加s,如:belief---beliefs, roof---roofs, gulf---gulfs ; b.去f, fe 加ves, 如knife---knives, thief---thieves , leaf---leaves wolf---wolves, wife---wives, life---lives c.均可如:handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 2.名词复数的不规则变化 (1) child---children; foot---feet; tooth---teeth ; mouse---mice ; man---men; woman---women 注意:与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 如: an Englishman ,two Englishmen.但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans ; (2) 单复数同形如:deer, sheep, fish ,Chinese, Japanese (3) 美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters (4) 集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 如:people police cattle等本身就是复数,不能说 a people, a police, a cattle , 但可以说 a person , a policeman , a head of cattle, the English , the British , the French, the Chinese,等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如:The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 (5) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: maths, politics, physics 等名词,为不可数名词，是单数。 (6) news 是不可数名词。 (7) the United States(美利坚合众国),the United Nations(联合国 ) 应视为单数。 (8) 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。 "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<-千雾一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。 (9) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如:glasses(眼镜)trousers, clothes (10) 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers (11) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表达别的意思,如:goods 货物，waters 水域 3.不可数名词量的变化 物质名词: 结构: 数词+量词(可以是复数形式 ) +of +不可数名词。例如:a glass of water -杯水 ;two glasses of water a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时。 比较:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。(不可数) These cakes are sweet这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数) b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。 We need various steels.(可数)This factory produces steel.(不可数) c.当物质名词表示份数时，可数。 Our country is famous for tea.我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas，please.请来两份茶。 考向三：名词的所有格：（重点考向）： 在英语中有些名词可以加's来表示所有或所属关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如: a writer's books。名词所有格的规则如下: 名词的所有格的表示方法: (1)表示有生命的东西(人或动物)的名词所有格一般在名词后加's。 my father's study 我父亲的书房 a.以s或 es 结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加’ 。the students ' reading room 学生阅览室 b.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加's。the people's right 人民的权利 c.如专有名词以s结尾,它的所有格一般只加’但也有加's的时候。Burns' poems 彭斯的诗 d.复合名词的所有格的词尾's加在后面的名词之后。her sister-in-law's photo 她嫂子的照片 e.如果一样东西为两人共有,则只在后一个名词的后面加's。如果不是共有的,则两个名词之后都要加's。 Jane and Helen's room 珍妮和海伦的房间(共有) Bill's and Tom's radios 比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机(不共有 f. 有些指时间, 距离, 国家,城镇的无生命名词也可加's 表示所有格。 half an hour's class 半个小时的课 China's industry 中国的工业 ten minutes' walk 十分钟的路程 (2)表示无生命东西的名词一般与 of构成词组,表示所有关系。 the cover of the book 书的封面 the content of the story 故事的内容 (3)指有生命的名词有时也可以用 of 词组表示所有格。 a. 如果名词较长。 the story of Dr. Norman Bethune 白求恩的故事 the works of Yu Hua：余华的作品 Do you know the name of the man standing over there? 你知道站在那里的那个男孩的名字吗? · ►考向一 名词分类 1.（2024·湖北短文填空） “We hope more people around the world will pay _____39____to environmental problems," said a British team member. · 考向二名词复数 2. （2024·福建短文填空） Historically, Xi'an has always been a city of art, industry and business that have placed it far in front of many other_____69_____(city). · ►考向三名词所有格 3. （2024·湖北短文填空） So he started to pick up rubbish on_____42___ way to the beach every morning. 【冠词】 考点研究： 1.课标要求 1. 不定冠词a /an 的区别和用法； 2. 定冠词the 的用法和功能； 3. 零冠词的用法； 4. 有无冠词的区别 2.考点 近几年中考对冠词的考查重点是不定冠词a和an的区别，定冠词及零冠词。对冠词的习惯用法的考查是主要考点之一,所以对此类用法一定要熟记在心。另外在学习中,应充分重视对最基本的冠词知识的理解性掌握,同时注意冠词活用的问题。做题时要弄清句子中的单数名词、复数名词或不可数名词及泛指、特指等概念。预计2025 年命题趋势仍可能是定冠词与不定冠词的区别和冠词的习惯用法。 冠词是一种虚词,不能在句子中作独立成分,要用在名词的前面,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。它不能离开名词而单独存在,因此,可以说冠词就是名词的一种标志。在英语中冠词分为不定冠词(a 和 an)和定冠词(the)两种:不定冠词一般用于单数名词前,表示泛指定冠词既可修饰可数名词(单复数均可),又可修饰不可数名词,表示特指。 3.考向 考向一：冠词的分类 不定冠词 1、 不定冠词 a 和 an 的用法区别: a.用在单词发辅音开头的单词前,an 用在单词发元音开头的单词前。如:a book, a pen, a doctor, a house , an enemy, an accident, an animal, an egg 但注意:an hour, a useful tool 2、不定冠词的用法: (1)表示人、事和物中的某一类或某类中任何一个。 A horse is a useful tool. A dog runs faster than a goat. (2)泛指某人或某事物 An old man is sitting on the chair lonely. (3)表示one 或 every,但概念上没有它们那么强烈。如:Every elephant has a long nose. (4)用于某些固定词组中。 a few, a bit, a lot of, in a hurry, at a time, all of a sudden, many a, a little, a couple of, as a matter of fact, in a word, have a good time, do sb. a favor, pay a visit to, in a way, have a word with, make a living, take a pride in, take a walk, a great deal of, catch a cold等。 (5)用在某些抽象名词前，表示“一种，一类，一场，一阵”等 She was caught in a heavy rain. It was a wonderful idea.. That is a great disappointment to her. 3、不定冠词的特殊用法: (1)与有或没有形容词修饰的抽象名词前,表示具体一个“人或物” He received a good education when he was young. Thank you, Jim. You have done a kindness to all of us. Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. To advise him is a waste of time right now. (2)偶尔与专有名词连用,表示某种特定意思。表示类似的一个或某一个(a certain) a living Lei Feng A Mr. White wants to see you this afternoon. (3)与形容词最高级连用,表示强调,不表最高级。 The story is a most interesting one (4)用在有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节和日期前 Before l go to work every morning, I've a light breakfast usually. The traffic accident happened on a Sunday to the end of the July. (5)用于序数词前,表示“再一,又一”而不表顺序。 How important it is to learn a second language. The fisherman cast a third net. (6)表示类别,有any, per 之意,a(n)不必译成汉语,此时 a(n)可改为 the 或不用冠词(但必须用名词复数形式) His income is one thousand yuan a month. A camel is a useful animal. = Camels are useful animals (7)不定冠词用于一些原来是动词的名词前。 Let's have a look around the playground after supper have a rest / walk / swim / talk ... (have = take) give a shout / loud laugh ... make a drive / move ... (8)用在同源宾语中。 Now we are living a happy life. Last night l dream a terrible dream. ►考向二冠词 the的用法: 1、用于特指(基本用法 ) 表示某一或某些特定的人或事物。 She stayed at home and cleaned the house. The boys in this school wear blue shirts. 2、用于双方都知道的名词前。 What do you think of the film? Let's go and give it to the policeman. 3、用于世界上独一无二的事物名词前。 Which is farther from the earth, the sun or the moon? 4、用于第二次提到的事物前。 Mr Wang has a son and the son is a driver. There is a book on the desk. The book is John's. 5、与单数名词连用,表示一类(同a或 an ) The panda is very cute .= A panda is very cute.= Pandas are very cute. 6、用于最高级前(与不定冠词不同 =very),以及对两人或事物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。 the first / second, the tallest, the most important, the taller of the two boys, the more interesting of the two books 7、用于序数词前。 the first boy / a third student 8、用于有定语修饰的名词前。 the writing desk / the man standing there 9、用于乐器名词前。 Do you like playing the piano? 10、用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前,表示国家、当派、团体、组织机构、单位、报刊、条约、朝代、江河湖泊海洋、山川、群岛等。 the United States/ the People's Republic of China /the Yellow River /the History Museum, the Children's Palace, the Taiwan Straits 11、与某些形容词、分词连用表示某一类人。 the rich, the poor, the sick, the wounded 12、用于姓氏复数之前,表示全家或夫妇二人。 the Browns 13、用于世纪的某年代。 in the 1980s (in the 1980's) 14、用于方位名词前。 Shanghai is in the east of China. Japan lies to the east of China. 15、用于发明物的单数名词前。 Who invented the telephone? 16、用于某些表示国家和民族的形容词前,泛指全体。这些词通常以-sh,-ch,-ese 结尾。 the English, the French, the Chinese 17、用于表示数量的名词前。 They sold eggs by the dozen They were paid by the hour. 18、用于某些词组和习语中。 in the morning at the age of in the end on the other hand, in the daytime 19、用于句型:主语+ (strike/hit/catch/touch)+sb+介词+the+接触部位 He hit Tom in the face. The teacher patted the boy on the head. · ►考向三零冠词及特例 1、非特指的物质名词和抽象名词前。 Paper bravery Water boils at 1000C. Knowledge begins with practice 2、不含有普通名词的专有名词前。 China, Beijing, Mary, Peter 但有限定性、描绘性定语修饰时,用定冠词;当表示“像...那样的人或事物”“有个名叫...... 的人”时用不定冠词。 “Hurry up!" said the anxious Aunt. He wishes to be an Edison. A Mr. White came to see you this morning. 3.表示语言的名词前。 We are studying English. 4、可数名词前已经有了物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等修饰限定时。 This book is very cheap. Is this Mr. Wang's dictionary? 5、由普通名词构成的专有名词前多要加“the”但也有的一些不用。 Tian An Men Square / Chang An Avenue Nanjing Road / Bei Hai Park/ Beijing University 6、在含有“day"节假日前。在中国传统节假日一般有 the New Year Day, May Day, the Spring Festival the Dragon Boat Festival the Mid-autumn Day 7、用作称呼或表示独一无二头衔、职称等做表语、不足语、同位语时以及称呼。 Mr Liu is Chairman of our club. Go there, boy. What shall I do next, Mother? In 1860, Lincoln was elected President of the United States 8、表示季节、月份、周日的名词前;但季节等被限定定语修饰时,用定冠词。星期前加不定冠词表示“某一个.” In the spring of 2006, a Tuesday in September 9、在球类、棋类等表运动的名词前和三餐前。 What did you have for breakfast? Do you like mathematics? 但在 breakfast, lunch,supper 前通常有描绘性形容词等修饰时,要加不定冠词。 He had a wonderful supper. 10、复数名词表示一类人或物时。 Horses are useful animals 11、当 bike, car, taxi, bus, train, boat, ship, plane 等与介词搭配时，不用冠词。 Did you come back by plane or by train? 但也可用介词 in, on 等或与动词搭配。这时名词前要有修饰语。come in a car take a bus,on the train 还有 by water, by land, by sea, by air 也可表示交通手段。 12、turn, go 表示“变成”，其后接名词时。 turn writer = become a writer go socialist = become a socialist 13、当两个名词叠用或一对相反(近)的名词连用时。 experiment after experiment/ hand in hand /day and night/ step by step 14、两个名词指同一人时,前一名词有 a(n)，而后一个名词却没有。 He is a poet and novelist. 15、在 kind of 或 kinds of 等结构中,后面的名词一般不用加冠词,但是 kind 前可根据需要加冠词。 He likes three kinds of book(s) 然而，有时也可加冠词的情况。如What kind of a man is he? 类似的结构还有:sort(s)of, type(s)of, class(es)of, form(s)of, variety (varieties) of 16、man 作“人类”讲时,同 human, mankind 一样,不用加冠词。 Man has existed for thousands of years. 17、在以“普通名词(或形容词最高级)+ as/though 开始的让步状语从句中,前面不用冠词。 Child as he is, he knows a lot. Shortest though he is, he runs fastest in our class. 18、在某些独立结构中不用冠词 He went into the forest, gun in hand. 19、在某些固定搭配中。 by train、 at first、 make room for、 go to school 、at night on purpose on show in order by chance / accident 20、有无冠词意义不同 (1)不定冠词: in word 口头上 of age 成年 in a word 总而言之 have words with 争吵 have a word with 谈话 with child 怀孕 with a child 带着孩子 (2)定冠词 on earth 究竟 at table 进餐 at school 求学 go to school 去上学 in hospital 住院 in place of 代替 on the earth 在地球上 at the table 在餐桌旁 at the school 在学校 go to the school 到学校去 in the hospital 在医院里 in the place of 在.位置上 in the office 在办公室里 take place 发生 take the place of 取代 in the possession of 被......拥有 in possession of 拥有 in charge of 负责/掌握 in the charge of 由......负责/被掌握 out of question 不成问题 out of the question 根本不可能 in front of 在......前面 in the front of 在......内的前面 · ►考向一 冠词分类 不定冠词 · （2024·广东深圳语法填空） 1. Before each race, the team would stand in_____43__circle and cheer loudly. “Taking part in this sport, we realized ►考向二冠词 the的用法: 2. （2024·贵州语言运用中考真题） 38. 长江是亚洲最长的河流。 The Yangtze River is ________ _______ river in Asia. 【答案】①.the ②.longest 【解析】 【详解】the longest“最长的”，作定语修饰 river，故填写 the; longest。 题型突破 1．（2024·广西·中考真题）Jimmy likes reading, so he often goes to the bookstore to buy some ________. A．rulers B．bags C．books 2．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—What’s your favourite weekday, Frank? —________, because the next day is Saturday. Then I can have a rest. A．Monday B．Friday C．Sunday 3．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—I don’t know what to write about the four great classical Chinese novels. —You’d better read ________ first and then organize your own ideas. A．reviews B．reasons C．results D．rewards 4．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）We call the Earth “Blue ________” because the ocean covers about 71 percent of it. A．Sky B．Water C．Planet D．Mountain 5．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）The body language on the right means “________” in China. A．advice B．attention C．praise D．practice 6．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）Stay away from the river. Look at the sign! It says, “________.” A．No shouting B．No parking C．No swimming D．No littering 7．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Look at the black clouds. They are a sure ________ of rain. A．chance B．view C．sign D．idea 8．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Nowadays, WeChat is one of the most convenient ways of ________ in our daily life. A．information B．competition C．communication D．pollution 9．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）—As a ________ he tries to give first-hand information to the public as soon as possible. —Yes. He is always an active man. A．secretary B．passenger C．professor D．reporter 10．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）Helen keeps English diaries every day as a ________ to develop her writing skills. A．habit B．present C．victory D．dream 11．（2024·山东菏泽·中考真题）—My holiday was terrible because of the heavy ________. —I agree! There were too many cars on the road. A．rain B．work C．traffic 12．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）After a month’s efforts, the girl made much _______ in Maths. A．problem B．project C．pollution D．progress 13．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）For your own ________, please do not smoke inside the plane. A．seat B．safety C．score 14．（2024·天津·中考真题）Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your _________ down. A．body B．voice C．interest D．service 15．（2024·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Have you set a ________ on your new phone? —Certainly. I have to protect my personal information. A．date B．lock C．wallpaper D．language 16．（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）—The movie is popular with students. Do you know the ________? —It tells the real life of the students. A．result B．reason C．choice 17．（2024·福建·中考真题）It is a good ________ to do some reading before you go to bed every day. A．habit B．excuse C．result 18．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Of all the ________, I love spring best because it is a symbol of life. A．seasons B．subjects C．colors D．hobbies 19．（2024·福建·中考真题）—I like the ________ in that restaurant near our school. —Me, too. They have the best cooks in our town. A．food B．service C．environment 20．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）My birthday ________ is a toy panda. It’s from my grandma. A．trip B．month C．gift D．color 21．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）—According to the book The Brain Science of Exam, your brain is more active when you are hungry. —Interesting! So in order to remember things better, we can study before ________. A．meals B．exams C．sleep D．exercise 22．（2024·吉林·中考真题）Tony turns off the shower to save _________ while he is washing his hair. A．time B．paper C．water 23．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）You can have a better understanding of Chinese ________ by learning about Chinese clay art. A．dream B．courage C．culture 24．（2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—On April 25, 2024, China’s Shenzhou-18 spacecraft (宇宙飞船) flew to space successfully. —Wow, China’s space technology has reached a new _________. A．method B．energy C．height D．industry 25．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Could you express your thoughts on the differences between these cultures? A．likes B．ideas C．interests D．support 26．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—World Sleep Day falls on March 21st. Do you think sleep is important? —I think so. Sleeping well can give you enough ________. A．courage B．energy C．reason 27．（2024·安徽·中考真题）—Art serves as a ________ between different nations. —Yes. It really helps cross-cultural communication. A．river B．wall C．palace D．bridge 28．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）—Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18? —They have ________ like small size and short development cycle. A．stages B．advantages C．messages D．passages 29．（2024·江西·中考真题）I like acting and I’m in the ________ group at school. A．theater B．chess C．speech D．ping-pong 30．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Linda is afraid of the dark. She even leaves the ________ on while sleeping. A．screen B．radio C．fan D．light 31．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）— Here is my family ______. We took it last month. — What a happy family! A．photo B．name C．member 32．（2024·西藏·中考真题）There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A．woman hero B．women heroes C．women hero D．woman heroes 33．（2024·西藏·中考真题）________ father works in the police station. A．Eric and Helen’s B．Eric and Helen C．Eric’s and Helen D．Eric’s and Helen’s 34. （2024·安徽·统考中考真题） —Art serves as a ________ between different nations. —Yes. It really helps cross-cultural communication. A．river B．wall C．palace D．bridge 35.（2024·福建·统考中考真题） —I like the ________ in that restaurant near our school. —Me, too. They have the best cooks in our town. A. food B. service C. environment 36.（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题） Linda is afraid of the dark. She even leaves the ________ on while sleeping. A. screen B. radio C. fan D. light 37.（2024·广西·统考中考真题） Jimmy likes reading, so he often goes to the bookstore to buy some ________. A. rulers B. bags C. books 38.（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题） —The movie is popular with students. Do you know the ________? —It tells the real life of the students. A. result B. reason C. choice 39.（2024·江苏省扬州市·中考真题） —Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18? —They have ________ like small size and short development cycle. A. stages B. advantages C. messages D. passages 40.（2024·江西省·中考真题） I like acting and I’m in the ________ group at school. A. theater B. chess C. speech D. ping-pong 41. （2024·吉林·中考真题）There is _________ river near our school. We never throw rubbish into it. A. the B. a C. / 42. （2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—The final exam is coming. How is it going? —Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as _________ usual one. I think I can make it. A. a B. an C. the D. / 43. （2024·四川达州·中考真题）Mike is _________ honest boy. We all trust him. A. a B. an C. the 44. （2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—What’s _________ matter with you, Jerry? —I have a headache. A. a B. / C. the 45． This is ________ book. ________ book is from Linda. A．a; An B．an; The C．a; The 46．—Lucy, what club do you want to join this term? —I want to join the music club because I can play ___________ violin. A．an B．a C．the D．不填 47．—What are you going to do this afternoon? —I am going to buy ________ umbrella in case it rains. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 48．—The pen can translate what you write down into English. —________ interesting invention it is! A．What B．What an C．How D．What a 49． Do you know ________ president who is giving a speech in our school? A．a B．an C．the 50． I usually have ________ lunch at weekdays with my classmates at school. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 51．My father likes sports. He is good at playing ________ soccer since he was a primary student. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 52．—Excuse me! Is there ________ university in this street, sir? —Yes. Go along the road and you will find it. A．不填 B．the C．a D．an 53． As a student in modern China, everybody should work hard to live ________ meaningful and significant life. A．a B．an C．the D．不填 54．—Hi, Wang Lin, who is Miss Deng? —Miss Deng is ________ nice teacher and she is very popular with students in our school. A．a B．an C．/ 55．—Shall we play ________ soccer together this afternoon? —Sounds good, but I don’t have ________ soccer. A．the; a B．a; the C．/; a 56．It is reported that Panda Ya Ya will live ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China. A．a B．an C．the D．不填 57．—Is this your pen? —No, it isn’t. ________ red one is mine，I think. A．A B．An C．The 58．I watched The Wandering Earth Ⅱ last night. It is truly ________ wonderful film. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 59．—Do you know Journey to the West? —Yes. It’s ________ interesting book that I like very much. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 60． After taking ________ class from Tiangong space station on October 12th, 2022, I became more interested in science. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 61．—Betty began to play ________ violin at the age of four —No wonder she plays so well in the competition. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 62．John is _______ hard-working engineer and his spirit encourages us. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 63．—The sun is shining, and you’d better take ________ umbrella when you go out to shopping. —OK. It’s ________ useful suggestion. A．an; the B．a; an C．an; a 单项填空 1．—It seems that everyone knows the official motto of the Beijing 2022 Winter. Olympics. —Yes, it’s “Together for Shared Future”. 2．Musk’s invention is great step in science and technology. 3． Though she is only 8-year-old girl, she can be a great helper to her mum. 4．My daughter wants to be artist because she likes painting very much. 5． In China, it’s impolite to hit empty bowl with your chopsticks. 6．Lucy is such honest girl in life that we all trust her. 7．Look! There is rabbit on the street. 8． I have _________ important exam on Monday so I have to go for it. 9．If you buy a blind box from the market, you’ll get a box with unknown item inside. 10．—Do you know man in white? —Yes, he’s a famous professor of my university. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 名词和冠词 【名词】 课标要求 1. 熟练掌握所学可数名词复数形式的构成及用法。 2. 熟练掌握名词所有格的用法。 3. 掌握物质名词及其量的表达方式。 4. 掌握常用专有名词的一般用法。 5. 理解并能区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词。 6. 了解集合名词和抽象名词的概念及一般用法。 考点 名词是中考必考和难考之一，考查范围是中考必备名词的常见词根形式，综合近几年的中考试题来看，中考对名词的考查一般着眼于常用且易误用的名词，也是中考难度较大的一个考题， 名词考查的主要形式是单项选择题、完形填空、拼写单词、正确形式填空。分值在6分--10分，需要考生在平时的学习中做好积累，尤其要注意一些常见名词、可数名词与不可数名词。做到有计划、有步骤的复习,重在学生的自主学习，教师多给予名词词性转变方法的指导。 考向 考向一：名词的分类 名词可以分为普通名词和专有名词,专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称，如 Beijing，China 等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:bookstore joy happiness等。 普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体，如:doctor, house, garden 2)集体名词(Collective Nouns ):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family, police。 3)物质名词(Material Nouns ):表示无法分为个体的实物，如:rice, water, air。 4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns ):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如:health, friendship. 考向二：名词复数的变化规则：（重点考向）： (1)一般情况加 -s 清辅音后读 /s/;map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/，bag-bags /z/;car-cars/z/ (2)以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词 加-es读 /iz/ bus-buses、watch-watches (3)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s读 /iz/ license-license (4)以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies 但是,以y 结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数: 如:monkey---monkeys， holiday---holidays 比较:楼层:storey---storeys, story---stories (5)以o 结尾的名词,变复数时! a.加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios Zoo---Zoos b.加es，如: potato-potatoes tomato--tomatoes c.均可，如: zero---zeros/zeroes (6)以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时: a.加s,如:belief---beliefs, roof---roofs, gulf---gulfs ; b.去f, fe 加ves, 如knife---knives, thief---thieves , leaf---leaves wolf---wolves, wife---wives, life---lives c.均可如:handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 2.名词复数的不规则变化 (1) child---children; foot---feet; tooth---teeth ; mouse---mice ; man---men; woman---women 注意:与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 如: an Englishman ,two Englishmen.但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans ; (2) 单复数同形如:deer, sheep, fish ,Chinese, Japanese (3) 美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters (4) 集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 如:people police cattle等本身就是复数,不能说 a people, a police, a cattle , 但可以说 a person , a policeman , a head of cattle, the English , the British , the French, the Chinese,等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如:The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 (5) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: maths, politics, physics 等名词,为不可数名词，是单数。 (6) news 是不可数名词。 (7) the United States(美利坚合众国),the United Nations(联合国 ) 应视为单数。 (8) 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。 "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<-千雾一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。 (9) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如:glasses(眼镜)trousers, clothes (10) 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers (11) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表达别的意思,如:goods 货物，waters 水域 3.不可数名词量的变化 物质名词: 结构: 数词+量词(可以是复数形式 ) +of +不可数名词。例如:a glass of water -杯水 ;two glasses of water a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时。 比较:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。(不可数) These cakes are sweet这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数) b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。 We need various steels.(可数)This factory produces steel.(不可数) c.当物质名词表示份数时，可数。 Our country is famous for tea.我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas，please.请来两份茶。 考向三：名词的所有格：（重点考向）： 在英语中有些名词可以加's来表示所有或所属关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如: a writer's books。名词所有格的规则如下: 名词的所有格的表示方法: (1)表示有生命的东西(人或动物)的名词所有格一般在名词后加's。 my father's study 我父亲的书房 a.以s或 es 结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加’ 。the students ' reading room 学生阅览室 b.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加's。the people's right 人民的权利 c.如专有名词以s结尾,它的所有格一般只加’但也有加's的时候。Burns' poems 彭斯的诗 d.复合名词的所有格的词尾's加在后面的名词之后。her sister-in-law's photo 她嫂子的照片 e.如果一样东西为两人共有,则只在后一个名词的后面加's。如果不是共有的,则两个名词之后都要加's。 Jane and Helen's room 珍妮和海伦的房间(共有) Bill's and Tom's radios 比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机(不共有 f. 有些指时间, 距离, 国家,城镇的无生命名词也可加's 表示所有格。 half an hour's class 半个小时的课 China's industry 中国的工业 ten minutes' walk 十分钟的路程 (2)表示无生命东西的名词一般与 of构成词组,表示所有关系。 the cover of the book 书的封面 the content of the story 故事的内容 (3)指有生命的名词有时也可以用 of 词组表示所有格。 a. 如果名词较长。 the story of Dr. Norman Bethune 白求恩的故事 the works of Yu Hua：余华的作品 Do you know the name of the man standing over there? 你知道站在那里的那个男孩的名字吗? · ►考向一 名词分类 1.（2024·湖北短文填空） “We hope more people around the world will pay _____39____to environmental problems," said a British team member. 【解析】语境：此题考察的是固定搭配pay attention to 表示关注的含义。我们希望越来越多的人关注环保问题。因此，39题答案为 attention. · 考向二名词复数 2. （2024·福建短文填空） Historically, Xi'an has always been a city of art, industry and business that have placed it far in front of many other_____69_____(city). 【解析】语境: 这是福建2024年中考真题。此题描述的是西安从历史上以来一直在艺术，工业和商业方面远居于其他城市之前。因此69题答案为other 加名词复数形式，所以为cities. · ►考向三名词所有格 3. （2024·湖北短文填空） So he started to pick up rubbish on_____42___ way to the beach every morning. 【解析】这是湖北2024年中考真题。考查名词短语。解答这题时首先明白选项的意义。此题考察的含义是在某人…….的路上，结合主语he可知答案为his,考察的是名词所有格。因此42题答案为his. 【冠词】 课标要求 1. 不定冠词a /an 的区别和用法； 2. 定冠词the 的用法和功能； 3. 零冠词的用法； 4. 有无冠词的区别 考点 近几年中考对冠词的考查重点是不定冠词a和an的区别，定冠词及零冠词。对冠词的习惯用法的考查是主要考点之一,所以对此类用法一定要熟记在心。另外在学习中,应充分重视对最基本的冠词知识的理解性掌握,同时注意冠词活用的问题。做题时要弄清句子中的单数名词、复数名词或不可数名词及泛指、特指等概念。预计2025 年命题趋势仍可能是定冠词与不定冠词的区别和冠词的习惯用法。 冠词是一种虚词,不能在句子中作独立成分,要用在名词的前面,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。它不能离开名词而单独存在,因此,可以说冠词就是名词的一种标志。在英语中冠词分为不定冠词(a 和 an)和定冠词(the)两种:不定冠词一般用于单数名词前,表示泛指定冠词既可修饰可数名词(单复数均可),又可修饰不可数名词,表示特指。 考向 考向一：冠词的分类 不定冠词 1、 不定冠词 a 和 an 的用法区别: a.用在单词发辅音开头的单词前,an 用在单词发元音开头的单词前。如:a book, a pen, a doctor, a house , an enemy, an accident, an animal, an egg 但注意:an hour, a useful tool 2、不定冠词的用法: (1)表示人、事和物中的某一类或某类中任何一个。 A horse is a useful tool. A dog runs faster than a goat. (2)泛指某人或某事物 An old man is sitting on the chair lonely. (3)表示one 或 every,但概念上没有它们那么强烈。如:Every elephant has a long nose. (4)用于某些固定词组中。 a few, a bit, a lot of, in a hurry, at a time, all of a sudden, many a, a little, a couple of, as a matter of fact, in a word, have a good time, do sb. a favor, pay a visit to, in a way, have a word with, make a living, take a pride in, take a walk, a great deal of, catch a cold等。 (5)用在某些抽象名词前，表示“一种，一类，一场，一阵”等 She was caught in a heavy rain. It was a wonderful idea.. That is a great disappointment to her. 3、不定冠词的特殊用法: (1)与有或没有形容词修饰的抽象名词前,表示具体一个“人或物” He received a good education when he was young. Thank you, Jim. You have done a kindness to all of us. Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. To advise him is a waste of time right now. (2)偶尔与专有名词连用,表示某种特定意思。表示类似的一个或某一个(a certain) a living Lei Feng A Mr. White wants to see you this afternoon. (3)与形容词最高级连用,表示强调,不表最高级。 The story is a most interesting one (4)用在有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节和日期前 Before l go to work every morning, I've a light breakfast usually. The traffic accident happened on a Sunday to the end of the July. (5)用于序数词前,表示“再一,又一”而不表顺序。 How important it is to learn a second language. The fisherman cast a third net. (6)表示类别,有any, per 之意,a(n)不必译成汉语,此时 a(n)可改为 the 或不用冠词(但必须用名词复数形式) His income is one thousand yuan a month. A camel is a useful animal. = Camels are useful animals (7)不定冠词用于一些原来是动词的名词前。 Let's have a look around the playground after supper have a rest / walk / swim / talk ... (have = take) give a shout / loud laugh ... make a drive / move ... (8)用在同源宾语中。 Now we are living a happy life. Last night l dream a terrible dream. ►考向二冠词 the的用法: 1、用于特指(基本用法 ) 表示某一或某些特定的人或事物。 She stayed at home and cleaned the house. The boys in this school wear blue shirts. 2、用于双方都知道的名词前。 What do you think of the film? Let's go and give it to the policeman. 3、用于世界上独一无二的事物名词前。 Which is farther from the earth, the sun or the moon? 4、用于第二次提到的事物前。 Mr Wang has a son and the son is a driver. There is a book on the desk. The book is John's. 5、与单数名词连用,表示一类(同a或 an ) The panda is very cute .= A panda is very cute.= Pandas are very cute. 6、用于最高级前(与不定冠词不同 =very),以及对两人或事物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。 the first / second, the tallest, the most important, the taller of the two boys, the more interesting of the two books 7、用于序数词前。 the first boy / a third student 8、用于有定语修饰的名词前。 the writing desk / the man standing there 9、用于乐器名词前。 Do you like playing the piano? 10、用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前,表示国家、当派、团体、组织机构、单位、报刊、条约、朝代、江河湖泊海洋、山川、群岛等。 the United States/ the People's Republic of China /the Yellow River /the History Museum, the Children's Palace, the Taiwan Straits 11、与某些形容词、分词连用表示某一类人。 the rich, the poor, the sick, the wounded 12、用于姓氏复数之前,表示全家或夫妇二人。 the Browns 13、用于世纪的某年代。 in the 1980s (in the 1980's) 14、用于方位名词前。 Shanghai is in the east of China. Japan lies to the east of China. 15、用于发明物的单数名词前。 Who invented the telephone? 16、用于某些表示国家和民族的形容词前,泛指全体。这些词通常以-sh,-ch,-ese 结尾。 the English, the French, the Chinese 17、用于表示数量的名词前。 They sold eggs by the dozen They were paid by the hour. 18、用于某些词组和习语中。 in the morning at the age of in the end on the other hand, in the daytime 19、用于句型:主语+ (strike/hit/catch/touch)+sb+介词+the+接触部位 He hit Tom in the face. The teacher patted the boy on the head. · ►考向三零冠词及特例 1、非特指的物质名词和抽象名词前。 Paper bravery Water boils at 1000C. Knowledge begins with practice 2、不含有普通名词的专有名词前。 China, Beijing, Mary, Peter 但有限定性、描绘性定语修饰时,用定冠词;当表示“像...那样的人或事物”“有个名叫...... 的人”时用不定冠词。 “Hurry up!" said the anxious Aunt. He wishes to be an Edison. A Mr. White came to see you this morning. 3.表示语言的名词前。 We are studying English. 4、可数名词前已经有了物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等修饰限定时。 This book is very cheap. Is this Mr. Wang's dictionary? 5、由普通名词构成的专有名词前多要加“the”但也有的一些不用。 Tian An Men Square / Chang An Avenue Nanjing Road / Bei Hai Park/ Beijing University 6、在含有“day"节假日前。在中国传统节假日一般有 the New Year Day, May Day, the Spring Festival the Dragon Boat Festival the Mid-autumn Day 7、用作称呼或表示独一无二头衔、职称等做表语、不足语、同位语时以及称呼。 Mr Liu is Chairman of our club. Go there, boy. What shall I do next, Mother? In 1860, Lincoln was elected President of the United States 8、表示季节、月份、周日的名词前;但季节等被限定定语修饰时,用定冠词。星期前加不定冠词表示“某一个.” In the spring of 2006, a Tuesday in September 9、在球类、棋类等表运动的名词前和三餐前。 What did you have for breakfast? Do you like mathematics? 但在 breakfast, lunch,supper 前通常有描绘性形容词等修饰时,要加不定冠词。 He had a wonderful supper. 10、复数名词表示一类人或物时。 Horses are useful animals 11、当 bike, car, taxi, bus, train, boat, ship, plane 等与介词搭配时，不用冠词。 Did you come back by plane or by train? 但也可用介词 in, on 等或与动词搭配。这时名词前要有修饰语。come in a car take a bus,on the train 还有 by water, by land, by sea, by air 也可表示交通手段。 12、turn, go 表示“变成”，其后接名词时。 turn writer = become a writer go socialist = become a socialist 13、当两个名词叠用或一对相反(近)的名词连用时。 experiment after experiment/ hand in hand /day and night/ step by step 14、两个名词指同一人时,前一名词有 a(n)，而后一个名词却没有。 He is a poet and novelist. 15、在 kind of 或 kinds of 等结构中,后面的名词一般不用加冠词,但是 kind 前可根据需要加冠词。 He likes three kinds of book(s) 然而，有时也可加冠词的情况。如What kind of a man is he? 类似的结构还有:sort(s)of, type(s)of, class(es)of, form(s)of, variety (varieties) of 16、man 作“人类”讲时,同 human, mankind 一样,不用加冠词。 Man has existed for thousands of years. 17、在以“普通名词(或形容词最高级)+ as/though 开始的让步状语从句中,前面不用冠词。 Child as he is, he knows a lot. Shortest though he is, he runs fastest in our class. 18、在某些独立结构中不用冠词 He went into the forest, gun in hand. 19、在某些固定搭配中。 by train、 at first、 make room for、 go to school 、at night on purpose on show in order by chance / accident 20、有无冠词意义不同 (1)不定冠词: in word 口头上 of age 成年 in a word 总而言之 have words with 争吵 have a word with 谈话 with child 怀孕 with a child 带着孩子 (2)定冠词 on earth 究竟 at table 进餐 at school 求学 go to school 去上学 in hospital 住院 in place of 代替 on the earth 在地球上 at the table 在餐桌旁 at the school 在学校 go to the school 到学校去 in the hospital 在医院里 in the place of 在.位置上 in the office 在办公室里 take place 发生 take the place of 取代 in the possession of 被......拥有 in possession of 拥有 in charge of 负责/掌握 in the charge of 由......负责/被掌握 out of question 不成问题 out of the question 根本不可能 in front of 在......前面 in the front of 在......内的前面 · ►考向一 冠词分类 不定冠词 · （2024·广东深圳语法填空） 1. Before each race, the team would stand in_____43__circle and cheer loudly. “Taking part in this sport, we realized 【解析】这是湖北2024年中考英语真题。考查冠词短语。 句意:每次比赛前，整个团队会站成一个圆圈，大声地鼓劲。结合语境可知，此处表示泛指，circle为单数名词，且为辅音音素开头的单词，其前用不定冠词a表泛指。故填写a。 ►考向二冠词 the的用法: 2. （2024·贵州语言运用中考真题） 38. 长江是亚洲最长的河流。 The Yangtze River is ________ _______ river in Asia. 【答案】①.the ②.longest 【解析】 【详解】the longest“最长的”，作定语修饰 river，故填写 the; longest。 1．（2024·广西·中考真题）Jimmy likes reading, so he often goes to the bookstore to buy some ________. A．rulers B．bags C．books 【答案】C 【知识点】名词辨析 【详解】句意：吉米喜欢读书，所以他经常去书店买书。 考查名词辨析。rulers尺子；bags包；books书。根据“Jimmy likes reading, so he often goes to the bookstore to buy some...”可知，喜欢阅读，所以是去书店买书，故选C。 2．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—What’s your favourite weekday, Frank? —________, because the next day is Saturday. Then I can have a rest. A．Monday B．Friday C．Sunday 【答案】B 【知识点】星期、Friday、Monday、Sunday、名词辨析 【详解】句意：——你最喜欢的工作日是哪一天，Frank？——星期五，因为第二天是星期六。然后我可以休息一下。 考查名词辨析。Monday星期一；Friday星期五；Sunday星期日。根据“because the next day is Saturday.”可知，Frank最喜欢的工作日是星期五。故选B。 3．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—I don’t know what to write about the four great classical Chinese novels. —You’d better read ________ first and then organize your own ideas. A．reviews B．reasons C．results D．rewards 【答案】A 【知识点】名词辨析 【详解】句意：——我不知道该怎么写中国四大名著的读后感。——你最好先读读书评，然后整理自己的想法。 考查名词辨析。reviews评论；reasons原因；results结果；rewards报酬。根据“and then organize your own ideas.”可知先读一些评论，然后整理自己的想法。故选A。 4．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）We call the Earth “Blue ________” because the ocean covers about 71 percent of it. A．Sky B．Water C．Planet D．Mountain 【答案】C 【知识点】mountain、planet、sky、名词辨析 【详解】句意：我们称地球为“蓝色星球”，因为海洋覆盖了大约71%的地球。 考查名词辨析。sky天空；water水；planet星球；mountain山。根据“call the Earth ‘Blue...’”可知地球被称为“蓝色星球”。故选C。 5．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）The body language on the right means “________” in China. A．advice B．attention C．praise D．practice 【答案】C 【知识点】attention、practice、praise、名词辨析、常识和习语 【详解】句意：右边的肢体语言在中国意味着“赞美”。 考查常识和名词辨析。advice建议；attention注意；praise赞美；practice练习。根据常识可知，在中国竖大拇指是赞美的意思。故选C。 6．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）Stay away from the river. Look at the sign! It says, “________.” A．No shouting B．No parking C．No swimming D．No littering 【答案】C 【知识点】swimming、名词辨析、常识和习语 【详解】句意：远离河流。看这个标志！上面写着：“禁止游泳。” 考查名词辨析以及情景交际。No shouting禁止喧哗；No parking禁止停车；No swimming禁止游泳；No littering禁止乱扔垃圾。根据“Stay away from the river”可知标志上写着“禁止游泳”，所以要远离河流。故选C。 7．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Look at the black clouds. They are a sure ________ of rain. A．chance B．view C．sign D．idea 【答案】C 【知识点】chance、idea、sign、view、名词辨析 【详解】句意：看看乌云，它们是要下雨的明显迹象。 考查名词辨析。chance机会；view看法；sign迹象；idea想法。根据“Look at the black clouds.”可知，此处是指乌云是要下雨的迹象。故选C。 8．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Nowadays, WeChat is one of the most convenient ways of ________ in our daily life. A．information B．competition C．communication D．pollution 【答案】C 【知识点】communication、competition、information、pollution、名词辨析 【详解】句意：如今，微信是我们日常生活中最方便的交流方式之一。 考查名词辨析。information信息；competition竞争；communication交流；pollution污染。根据“WeChat is one of the most convenient ways of...in our daily life.”和常识可知，微信是一种交流方式，故选C。 9．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）—As a ________ he tries to give first-hand information to the public as soon as possible. —Yes. He is always an active man. A．secretary B．passenger C．professor D．reporter 【答案】D 【知识点】名词辨析、secretary、reporter、professor、passenger 【详解】句意：——作为一名记者，他努力尽快将第一手信息传递给公众。——是的。他总是一个积极的人。 考查名词词义辨析。secretary秘书；passenger乘客；professor教授；reporter记者。根据“he tries to give first-hand information to the public as soon as possible.”可知，传递第一手信息是记者的职责。故选D。 10．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）Helen keeps English diaries every day as a ________ to develop her writing skills. A．habit B．present C．victory D．dream 【答案】A 【知识点】名词辨析、victory、habit、dream 【详解】句意：海伦每天写英文日记作为一种习惯来提高她的写作技巧。 考查名词辨析。habit习惯；present礼物；victory胜利；dream梦想。根据“keeps English diaries every day as a … to develop her writing skills”可知，海伦每天写英文日记，这是一种习惯，故选A。 11．（2024·山东菏泽·中考真题）—My holiday was terrible because of the heavy ________. —I agree! There were too many cars on the road. A．rain B．work C．traffic 【答案】C 【知识点】名词辨析、work(奏效；起作用)、traffic、rain 【详解】句意：——由于交通拥挤，我的假期糟透了。——我同意！路上的车太多了。 考查名词辨析。rain雨；work工作；traffic交通。根据“There were too many cars on the road.”可知，路上的车太多了，所以交通拥堵，故选C。 12．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）After a month’s efforts, the girl made much _______ in Maths. A．problem B．project C．pollution D．progress 【答案】D 【知识点】名词辨析、project、progress、problem、pollution 【详解】句意：经过一个月的努力，这个女孩在数学上取得了很大进步。 考查名词辨析。problem问题；project项目；pollution污染；progress进步。make much progress in“在……取得进步”，故选D。 13．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）For your own ________, please do not smoke inside the plane. A．seat B．safety C．score 【答案】B 【知识点】名词辨析、seat、score、safety 【详解】句意：为了你自己的安全，请不要在飞机内吸烟。 考查名词辨析。seat座位；safety安全；score得分。根据“please do not smoke inside the plane”可知，禁止在飞机内吸烟是为了安全着想，故选B。 14．（2024·天津·中考真题）Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your _________ down. A．body B．voice C．interest D．service 【答案】B 【知识点】名词辨析、voice、service、body 【详解】句意：不要在公共汽车上大声说话。你应该小点声。 考查名词辨析。body身体；voice嗓音；interest兴趣；service服务。根据“Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your ... down.”可知，不要大声说话，所以要小点声，故选B。 15．（2024·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Have you set a ________ on your new phone? —Certainly. I have to protect my personal information. A．date B．lock C．wallpaper D．language 【答案】B 【知识点】名词辨析、wallpaper、lock、language 【详解】句意：——你的新手机上锁了吗？——当然。我必须保护我的个人信息。 考查名词辨析。date日期；lock锁；wallpaper墙纸；language语言。根据“I have to protect my personal information.”可知，用锁来保护手机里的个人信息，故选B。 16．（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）—The movie is popular with students. Do you know the ________? —It tells the real life of the students. A．result B．reason C．choice 【答案】B 【知识点】choice、result、名词辨析 【详解】句意：——这部电影很受学生欢迎。你知道原因吗？——它讲述了学生的真实生活。 考查名词辨析。result结果；reason原因；choice选择。根据“It tells the real life of the students.”可知，此处介绍电影受学生欢迎的原因，故选B。 17．（2024·福建·中考真题）It is a good ________ to do some reading before you go to bed every day. A．habit B．excuse C．result 【答案】A 【知识点】名词辨析、result、habit 【详解】句意：每天睡觉前读书是一个好习惯。 考查名词辨析。habit习惯；excuse借口；result结果。根据“to do some reading before you go to bed every day.”可知睡前阅读是好习惯。故选A。 18．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Of all the ________, I love spring best because it is a symbol of life. A．seasons B．subjects C．colors D．hobbies 【答案】A 【知识点】名词辨析 【详解】句意：在所有的季节中，我最喜欢春天，因为它是生命的象征。 考查名词辨析。seasons季节；subjects科目；colors颜色；hobbies爱好。根据“I love spring best”可知，此处是指季节。故选A。 19．（2024·福建·中考真题）—I like the ________ in that restaurant near our school. —Me, too. They have the best cooks in our town. A．food B．service C．environment 【答案】A 【知识点】名词辨析、service、food、environment 【详解】句意：——我喜欢我们学校附近饭店的食物。——我也是。它们有我们镇上最好的厨师。 考查名词辨析。food食物；service服务；environment环境。根据“They have the best cooks in our town.”可知饭店有最好的厨师，所以食物是好吃的。故选A。 20．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）My birthday ________ is a toy panda. It’s from my grandma. A．trip B．month C．gift D．color 【答案】C 【知识点】名词辨析、trip、month、color 【详解】句意：我的生日礼物是一只玩具熊猫。是我奶奶送的。 考查名词辨析。trip旅行；month月；gift礼物；color颜色。根据“My birthday...is a toy panda. It’s from my grandma.”可知生日礼物是玩具熊猫。故选C。 21．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）—According to the book The Brain Science of Exam, your brain is more active when you are hungry. —Interesting! So in order to remember things better, we can study before ________. A．meals B．exams C．sleep D．exercise 【答案】A 【知识点】名词辨析、sleep(slept slept)、exercise、exam/examination 【详解】句意：——根据The Brain Science of Exam一书，当你饿的时候，你的大脑会更活跃。——真有趣！所以为了更好地记住事情，我们可以在饭前学习。 考查名词辨析。meals餐，饭；exams考试；sleep睡眠；exercise锻炼。根据“your brain is more active when you are hungry”可知，饥饿的时候大脑更活跃，所以为了更好地记住事情，可以在饭前学习。故选A。 22．（2024·吉林·中考真题）Tony turns off the shower to save _________ while he is washing his hair. A．time B．paper C．water 【答案】C 【知识点】名词辨析、time(时代) 【详解】句意：托尼在洗头时为了节约用水关掉了淋浴器。 考查名词辨析。time时间；paper纸；water水。根据“while he is washing his hair.”可知洗头的时候关水龙头是为了节约用水。故选C。 23．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）You can have a better understanding of Chinese ________ by learning about Chinese clay art. A．dream B．courage C．culture 【答案】C 【知识点】名词辨析、dream、culture、courage 【详解】句意：通过学习中国泥塑艺术，你可以更好地了解中国文化。 考查名词辨析。dream梦想；courage勇气；culture文化。根据“learning about Chinese clay art”可知是指更好地了解中国文化。故选C。 24．（2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—On April 25, 2024, China’s Shenzhou-18 spacecraft (宇宙飞船) flew to space successfully. —Wow, China’s space technology has reached a new _________. A．method B．energy C．height D．industry 【答案】C 【知识点】名词辨析、method、industry、height、energy 【详解】句意：——2024年4月25日，中国神舟十八号宇宙飞船成功升空。——哇，中国的航天技术达到了一个新的高度。 考查名词辨析。method方法；energy能量；height高度；industry工业。根据“China’s Shenzhou-18 spacecraft (宇宙飞船) flew to space successfully”可知，神州十八号的成功升空标志着中国的航天技术达到了新高度。故选C。 25．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Could you express your thoughts on the differences between these cultures? A．likes B．ideas C．interests D．support 【答案】B 【知识点】thought、support idea、名词辨析 【详解】句意：你能谈谈你对这些文化差异的看法吗？ 考查名词辨析。likes喜好；ideas看法；interests兴趣；support支持。划线部分thoughts意为“想法，看法”，指对文化差异的看法，故ideas与其意思相近。故选B。 26．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—World Sleep Day falls on March 21st. Do you think sleep is important? —I think so. Sleeping well can give you enough ________. A．courage B．energy C．reason 【答案】B 【知识点】名词辨析、energy、courage reason 【详解】句意：——世界睡眠日是3月21日。你认为睡眠很重要吗？——我想是的。睡得好可以给你足够的能量。 考查名词辨析。courage勇气；energy能量；reason原因。根据“Sleeping well can give you enough...”可知，睡得好可以给你足够的能量。故选B。 27．（2024·安徽·中考真题）—Art serves as a ________ between different nations. —Yes. It really helps cross-cultural communication. A．river B．wall C．palace D．bridge 【答案】D 【知识点】名词辨析、wall、river、palace、bridge 【详解】句意：——艺术是不同国家之间的桥梁。 ——是的。它真的有助于跨文化交流。 考查名词辨析。river河流；wall墙；palace宫殿；bridge桥梁。根据“Art serves as a...between different nations”可知，此处是指艺术是不同国家之间交流的一座桥梁。故选D。 28．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）—Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18? —They have ________ like small size and short development cycle. A．stages B．advantages C．messages D．passages 【答案】B 【知识点】passage、名词辨析 【详解】句意：——你知道为什么要把斑马鱼带到神舟十八号上去吗？——它们具有体积小、培育周期短等优点。 考查名词辨析。stages阶段；advantages优势；messages信息；passages段落。根据“Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18”可知，答语应是介绍带它们上去的原因，结合“like small size and short development cycle”可知，这些应是它们的优势，故选B。 29．（2024·江西·中考真题）I like acting and I’m in the ________ group at school. A．theater B．chess C．speech D．ping-pong 【答案】A 【知识点】chess、ping-pong、speech、theater/theatre、名词辨析 【详解】句意：我喜欢表演，我是学校剧团的成员。 考查名词辨析。theater戏剧；chess象棋；speech演讲；ping-pong乒乓球。根据“I like acting”可知，喜欢表演，所以是戏剧团，故选A。 30．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Linda is afraid of the dark. She even leaves the ________ on while sleeping. A．screen B．radio C．fan D．light 【答案】D 【知识点】名词辨析、screen、radio fan light 【详解】句意：琳达怕黑。她睡觉的时候甚至不关灯。 考查名词辨析。screen屏幕；radio收音机；fan扇子；light灯。根据“Linda is afraid of the dark. She even leaves the ... on while sleeping.”可知，怕黑，所以睡觉不关灯，故选D。 31．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）— Here is my family ______. We took it last month. — What a happy family! A．photo B．name C．member 【答案】A 【知识点】名词辨析、photo、member 【详解】句意：——这是我的全家福。我们上个月拍的。——多么幸福的一家！ 考查名词辨析。photo照片；name名字；member成员。根据“We took it”可知，此处指拍摄的全家福。family photo“全家福”。故选A。 32．（2024·西藏·中考真题）There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A．woman hero B．women heroes C．women hero D．woman heroes 【答案】B 【知识点】women、复合名词的复数 【详解】句意：中国历史上有许多著名的女英雄。 考查名词复数。含有woman修饰名词时，变为复数时，需要将woman和所修饰词一起变为复数；hero的复数是heroes，因此women heroes符合句意，故选B。 33．（2024·西藏·中考真题）________ father works in the police station. A．Eric and Helen’s B．Eric and Helen C．Eric’s and Helen D．Eric’s and Helen’s 【答案】A 【知识点】's所有格 【详解】句意：Eric和Helen的爸爸在警察局工作。 考查名词所有格。此题修饰名词father，应用名词所有格，排除B选项；father是单数，此处表示两个人共同的父亲，在最后一个人名后加’s，故选A。 34. （2024·安徽·统考中考真题） —Art serves as a ________ between different nations. —Yes. It really helps cross-cultural communication. A．river B．wall C．palace D．bridge 【答案】D 【知识点】名词辨析 【详解】句意：——艺术是不同国家之间的桥梁。——是的，它真的帮助跨文化交流。 考查名词辨析。River 河流；wall 墙；palace 宫殿 bridge:桥梁。根据cross-cultural communication可知，艺术是桥梁的形式。故选D. 35.（2024·福建·统考中考真题） —I like the ________ in that restaurant near our school. —Me, too. They have the best cooks in our town. A. food B. service C. environment 【答案】A 【知识点】名词辨析 【详解】句意：—— 我喜欢我们学校附近那个饭店的食物。——我也是，他们有我们小镇上最好的厨师。 考查名词辨析food 食物；service 服务；environment 环境 根据They have the best cooks in our town. 可知，我喜欢那个饭店的食物。故选A. 36.（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题） Linda is afraid of the dark. She even leaves the ________ on while sleeping. A. screen B. radio C. fan D. light 【答案】D 【知识点】名词辨析 【详解】句意：——Linda害怕黑暗。她甚至睡觉的时候都开着灯。 考查名词辨析screen 屏幕；radio 收音机；fan 扇子 light 灯 根据Linda is afraid of the dark.可知，Linda睡觉的时候开着灯。故选答案D. 37.（2024·广西·统考中考真题） Jimmy likes reading, so he often goes to the bookstore to buy some ________. A. rulers B. bags C. books 【答案】C 【知识点】名词辨析 【详解】句意：——Jimmy喜欢阅读，她经常去书店买一些书。 考查名词辨析rulers 尺子；bags 包； books书 根据Jimmy likes reading,可知， 去书店买书符合题意，于是答案为C。 38.（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题） —The movie is popular with students. Do you know the ________? —It tells the real life of the students. A. result B. reason C. choice 【答案】B 【知识点】名词辨析 【详解】句意：——这部电影很受学生欢迎。你知道原因吗？——它讲述了学生的真实生活。 考查名词辨析result 结果； reason 原因； choice 选择；根据 The movie is popular with students.可知学生喜欢电影的原因是…… 所以答案为B。 39.（2024·江苏省扬州市·中考真题） —Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18? —They have ________ like small size and short development cycle. A. stages B. advantages C. messages D. passages 【答案】B 【知识点】名词辨析 【详解】句意：——你知道为什么斑马鱼被带上神州18号吗？——他们有体型小，循环周期短的优势。 考查名词辨析stages舞台，阶段；advantages 优势； messages 信息； passages 文章 根据 zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18，可知优势在于体型小等。故答案为B. 40.（2024·江西省·中考真题） I like acting and I’m in the ________ group at school. A. theater B. chess C. speech D. ping-pong 【答案】A 【知识点】名词辨析 【详解】句意：——我喜欢表演，我在学校戏剧组。 B. 考查名词辨析theater剧院 ；chess 象棋； speech 演讲；ping-pong 乒乓 根据I like acting 可知答案为A. 41. （2024·吉林·中考真题）There is _________ river near our school. We never throw rubbish into it. A. the B. a C. / 【答案】B 【知识点】冠词辨析 【详解】句意：——我们学校附近有一条河，我们从不往里面扔垃圾。 根据We never throw rubbish into it. 可知作者前面具体描述学校附近那条河，于是用不定冠词a,可知答案为B. 42. （2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—The final exam is coming. How is it going? —Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as _________ usual one. I think I can make it. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】A 【知识点】冠词辨析 【详解】句意：—— 期末考试马上到了，你准备怎么样？ ——谢谢，还可以。我只是把它当做一个寻常考试。我认为我能行。 考查冠词辨析。根据形容词usual可知，此空主要描述作者对待期末考试的具体态度，因此用不定冠词a, 故答案为A.. 43. （2024·四川达州·中考真题）Mike is _________ honest boy. We all trust him. A. a B. an C. the 【答案】B 【知识点】冠词辨析 【详解】句意：——Mike是一个诚实的孩子，我们都信任他。 考查冠词辨析。根据形容词honest可知，”h” 不发音，它为元音因素，于是答案为B. 44. （2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—What’s _________ matter with you, Jerry? —I have a headache. A. a B. / C. the 【答案】C 【知识点】冠词辨析 【详解】句意：——你怎么了Jerry？ ——我头疼。 考查冠词辨析。根据题干可知考察固定搭配 What’s the matter with you? 故答案为C. 45． This is ________ book. ________ book is from Linda. A．a; An B．an; The C．a; The 【答案】C 【知识点】冠词辨析 【详解】句意：这是一本书。这本书来自琳达。 考查冠词。第一个空泛指“一本书”，book以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a；第二个空指前文提到的书，用定冠词the。故选C。 46．—Lucy, what club do you want to join this term? —I want to join the music club because I can play ___________ violin. A．an B．a C．the D．不填 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Lucy，你想加入什么俱乐部？——我想加入音乐俱乐部，因为我会拉小提琴。 考查冠词。an一，用于元音音素开头的单词前；a一，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；the表特指。根据“play”和“violin”可知表示演奏乐器，在乐器名词前应用定冠词the。故选C。 47．—What are you going to do this afternoon? —I am going to buy ________ umbrella in case it rains. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——今天下午你打算做什么？——我打算买一把伞以防下雨。 考查冠词。此处泛指“一把伞”，umbrella以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故选B。 48．—The pen can translate what you write down into English. —________ interesting invention it is! A．What B．What an C．How D．What a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这支笔可以把你写的东西翻译成英语。——多么有趣的发明啊！ 考查感叹句以及冠词。感叹句的中心词是可数名词单数invention，用感叹句结构what a/an adj. n.+主谓，interesting以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故选B。 49． Do you know ________ president who is giving a speech in our school? A．a B．an C．the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你认识正在我们学校演讲的总统吗？ 考查冠词。根据“president who is giving a speech”可知此处特指正在演讲的总统，用定冠词the。故选C。 50． I usually have ________ lunch at weekdays with my classmates at school. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我通常周中在学校和同学们一起吃午饭。 考查冠词。表示一日三餐前不加冠词，have lunch“吃午饭”。故选A。 51．My father likes sports. He is good at playing ________ soccer since he was a primary student. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我爸爸喜欢运动。他从小学开始就擅长踢足球。 考查冠词用法。球类运动前不加冠词。故选D。 52．—Excuse me! Is there ________ university in this street, sir? —Yes. Go along the road and you will find it. A．不填 B．the C．a D．an 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下！先生，这个街上有大学吗？——有的。沿着这条路走，你就会找到它。此处泛指一所大学，应用不定冠词，university以辅音音素开头，应用a。故选C。 53． As a student in modern China, everybody should work hard to live ________ meaningful and significant life. A．a B．an C．the D．不填 【答案】A 【详解】句意：作为现代中国的学生，每个人都应该努力工作，过有意义的生活。 考查冠词。此处用live a/an ... life表示“过着……的生活”，meaningful以辅音音素开头，其前用不定冠词a。故选A。 54．—Hi, Wang Lin, who is Miss Deng? —Miss Deng is ________ nice teacher and she is very popular with students in our school. A．a B．an C．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——嗨，王林，谁是邓小姐？——邓小姐是个好老师，在我们学校很受欢迎。考查冠词。此处泛指“一个好老师”，nice以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故选A。 55．—Shall we play ________ soccer together this afternoon? —Sounds good, but I don’t have ________ soccer. A．the; a B．a; the C．/; a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——今天下午我们一起踢足球吗？——听起来不错，但我没有足球。 考查冠词辨析。球类前不加任何冠词，所以第一空不填。第二空表示泛指，且soccer是以辅音音素开头的，应用a。故选C。 56．It is reported that Panda Ya Ya will live ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China. A．a B．an C．the D．不填 【答案】C 【详解】句意：据报导熊猫丫丫将在她的家乡中国度过余生。 考查冠词用法。live the rest of one’s life“度过余生”，固定搭配。故选C。 57．—Is this your pen? —No, it isn’t. ________ red one is mine，I think. A．A B．An C．The 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这是你的钢笔吗？——不，它不是。我认为那个红色的是我的。 考查冠词。根据“red one is mine”可知此处特指红色的那个钢笔，用定冠词the。故选C。 58．I watched The Wandering Earth Ⅱ last night. It is truly ________ wonderful film. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我昨晚看了《流浪地球Ⅱ》。这是一部精彩的电影。 考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一部电影，“wonderful”首字母发辅音音素，故选A。 59．—Do you know Journey to the West? —Yes. It’s ________ interesting book that I like very much. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道《西游记》吗？——是的。这是一本有趣的书。我非常喜欢它。考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一本有趣的书，“interesting”首字母发元音音素，故选B。 60． After taking ________ class from Tiangong space station on October 12th, 2022, I became more interested in science. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在2022年10月12日上了天宫空间站的课之后，我对科学产生了兴趣。考查冠词辨析。根据“class from Tiangong space station”可知，此处表示特指天宫空间站的课，此题应填the，故选C。 61．—Betty began to play ________ violin at the age of four —No wonder she plays so well in the competition. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——贝蒂四岁开始拉小提琴。——怪不得比赛中她拉得这么好。 考查冠词。a不定冠词，表泛指，后接以辅音音素开头的单词；an不定冠词，表泛指，后接以元音音素开头的单词；the定冠词；/零冠词。violin是乐器，乐器前应加定冠词the。play the violin“拉小提琴”。故选C。 62．John is _______ hard-working engineer and his spirit encourages us. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：John是一位勤奋的工程师。他的精神鼓舞着我们。 考查冠词辨析。此处表示泛指，且hard是以辅音音素开头的，故选A。 63．—The sun is shining, and you’d better take ________ umbrella when you go out to shopping. —OK. It’s ________ useful suggestion. A．an; the B．a; an C．an; a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——阳光明媚，你出门购物时最好带把伞。——好的。这是一个有用的建议。 考查冠词。umbrella以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an；第二空处泛指“一个有用的建议”，且useful以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故选C。 单项填空 1．—It seems that everyone knows the official motto of the Beijing 2022 Winter. Olympics. —Yes, it’s “Together for Shared Future”. 【答案】a 【详解】句意：似乎每个人都知道北京2022年冬奥会的官方口号是什么吗——是的。它是“一起向未来”。Future在此处是抽象名词具体化了，所以是泛指“一个”，且Shared以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a，故填a。 2．Musk’s invention is great step in science and technology. 【答案】a 【详解】句意：马斯克的发明是科学技术的一大进步。空格后为名词“step”，故空格处应填不定冠词表示“一”的概念，great以辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词a，故填写a。 3． Though she is only 8-year-old girl, she can be a great helper to her mum. 【答案】an 【详解】句意：虽然她是只有8岁的小女孩儿，对她妈妈而言，她是很好的帮手。 此处是泛指一个8岁的男孩，应用不定冠词，8是以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 4．My daughter wants to be artist because she likes painting very much. 【答案】an 【详解】句意：我女儿想成为一名艺术家，因为她非常喜欢画画。 此处泛指一个艺术家，故填写an. 5． In China, it’s impolite to hit empty bowl with your chopsticks. 【答案】an 【详解】句意：在中国用筷子敲碗是不礼貌的。 此处泛指一个艺术家，故填写an. 名词bowl是可数名词单数，前面需用不定冠词限定，empty是元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 6．Lucy is such honest girl in life that we all trust her. 【答案】an 【详解】句意：Lucy在生活中是如此诚实的女孩儿以至于我们都信任她。根据“girl ”是单数名词可知，此处指“一个女孩”，且空后honest是以元音音素开头，所以不定冠词用an。故填an。 7．Look! There is rabbit on the street. 【答案】a 【详解】句意:看！街上有一只兔子。根据句子结构，空格后为“rabbit”，名词单数形式，故应用不定冠词修饰，表示“一”的概念，“rabbit”以辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词a。故填a。 8． I have _________ important exam on Monday so I have to go for it. 【答案】an 【详解】句意: 我周一有一个重要考试所以我一定要为此全力以赴。根据句意和“important”可知，此处指我有一个重要考试，空处应填不定冠词a/an表泛指，“important”是元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。 9．If you buy a blind box from the market, you’ll get a box with unknown item inside. 【答案】an 【详解】句意:如果你从市场买一个盲盒，你将得到一个未知物在盒子里。“item”是可数名词，其前用冠词修饰，泛指一个物件，前面“unknown”是元音音素开头，故冠词用“an”。故填an。 10．—Do you know man in white? —Yes, he’s a famous professor of my university. 【答案】the 【详解】句意:——你认识那个穿白色衣服的男人吗？——认识，他是我们大学著名教授。这里特指那个穿蓝色衣服的男人，用定冠词the。故填写the。 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$