专题11 定语从句（知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）-【学考必备】2025年高中英语学业水平合格性考试总复习（江苏专用）

专题11 定语从句 目录 明晰学考要求 基础知识梳理 考点精讲讲练 考点一　关系代词引导定语从句 3 考点二　关系副词引导定语从句 考点三　介词+关系词引导定语从句 4 实战能力训练 考点一 关系代词引导定语从句 1. who，whom和whose引导的定语从句。 (1)who和whom都指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。 (2)whose指人的或物的，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。 Any man who has a sense of duty will be concerned about this item. 任何有责任感的人都会关注这个项目。 The rescue worker (whom/that/who) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的救援人员已经来了。 I frequently visit a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我经常拜访一位全国知名的科学家。 2. that和which引导的定语从句 that代替的先行词可以是人也可以是物，但是which代替的先行词只能是物。使用这两个关系词要注意以下两点： (1)5种只用that引导定语从句的情况。 ①先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，the one等不定代词时被all，any，few，every，no，little，much，some等修饰时。。 ②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。 ③先行词被the only，the very (正是，恰是), the last修饰时。 ④先行词既有人又有物时。 ⑤当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 All that you must keep in mind is that you must be buried in your research. 你必须记住的所有的事情是你必须专心于你的研究。 He was the first survivor that was dug out from the ruins. 他是从废墟中被挖出的第一个幸存者。 The only thing that we can do is give in to our parents’ ideas. 我们唯一能做的事情就是听从我们父母的意见。 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间见到的人和一些照片。 (2)4种只用which引导定语从句的情况。 ①引导非限制性定语从句时。 ②先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。 ③先行词本身是that时。 ④关系代词后有插入语时。 3. as引导的定语从句 as引导限制性定语从句主要用于the same...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中。 as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 We have found the same materials as are used in their factory. 我们已经找到了和他们工厂里使用的一样的材料。 4. 引导非限制性定语从句时as/which的区别 关系词 位置不同 表意不同 as 既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中 意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 As anybody can see，the elephant is like a snake. 正如每个人所看到的一样，这头大象像一条蛇。 The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 正如报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。 which 通常放在主句之后 意为“这一点”或“这件事”等 She married again，which was unexpected. 她再婚了，这是始料未及的。 5. 定语从句中的主谓一致 (1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。 The recorder that has been given to me is homemade.给我的那台录音机是国产的。 (2)“one of＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the、the only、the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。 He is the only one of the students who has made great progress. 他是这些学生中唯一一个取得很大进步的学生。 考点二 关系副词引导定语从句 1. 关系副词指代的先行词及其作用。 先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time，day，year等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which 表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示原因的名词：reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. 但就像所有的表演一样, 总有出错的时候。 There are two parks less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. 从家里步行不到10分钟的地方有两个公园, 附近的孩子们聚集在那里玩耍。 I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday. 我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。 2. 有时先行词是表示抽象地点的名词，像activity，business，career，case，job，point，position，race，stage，situation等，当从句中缺少状语时，用关系副词where。 Self-driving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 自动驾驶是中国和世界上其他国家都处于相同起跑线的一个领域。 3. 先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。 I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel a meeting because of ill health.我记得他很少有因为健康不佳而不得不取消会议的情况。 Taking her with me on official occasions where many important figures are present has been a challenge. 在很多大人物到场的正式场合带上她对我而言是一种挑战。 4. 当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，关系词可用that，in which或省略关系词。 It’s not what you say；it’s the way(that/in which) you say it. 问题不在于你说什么，而在于你怎么说。 5. 关系副词与关系代词的选择。 选用关系代词与关系副词时，首先应明确关系副词不可作主语或宾语。若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则定语从句需用关系代词引导；从句的谓语是及物动词，而其后无宾语，就必须用关系代词替代先行词充当其宾语；若为不及物动词，则从句中不需要宾语，需要用关系副词。如： 考点三 介词+关系词引导的定语从句 1. 若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。 He is the person on whom you can depend.他是你可以信赖的人。 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag.他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels.上周日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。 2. “介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：即：一先二动三意义 (1)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记在乡下度过的童年时光。 (2)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定 I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I had saved. 我买了很多书，花光了所有的积蓄。 (2)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定 I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I had saved. 我买了很多书，花光了所有的积蓄。 (3)根据所表达的意思来确定 The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 没有它我们就不能生存的无色气体叫氧气。 3. whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly built cafe，the walls of which(＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，它的墙壁被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 考点一 关系代词引导定语从句 例1. I enjoy reading a book ________ is about the traditional culture of paper-cutting. A. what B. who C. whose D. which 例2. John had a great feeling of loneliness, ________ was even more serious during his lunch break. A. which B. it C. what D. that 考点二 关系副词引导定语从句 例3. A fast food restaurant is the place ________, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly. A. which B. what C. there D. where 例4. EBay and Amazon are popular websites ________ people can sell goods to each other. A. when B. which C. where D. whose 考点三 介词+关系词引导定语从句 例5. A year is divided into four seasons, as we all know, ________ the first is spring. A. which B. of them C. when D. of which 例6. Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two days ago, some of ________ have gone bad due to the hot weather. A. those B. which C. whom D. that I. 单项选择 1. ________ is reported, vaccines(疫苗) do an excellent job of preventing serious Covid-19 illness and deaths, but are less good at stopping infections, particularly since the emergence(出现) of the more infectious Delta variant. A. It B. Which C. That D. As 2. His parents forced him to be a lawyer, ________ was against his own wishes. A. when B. which C. that D. what 3. People remember the first travelers from England ________ come to live in America. A. which B. where C. who 4. Have you heard about the player________ got the first prize in the swimming? A. which B. what C. who D. whom 5. October is a great time to visit Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ________ travelers can go to the quiet Ejina to enjoy the wonderful scenery of Euphratica forest(胡杨林). A. then B. where C. when D. there 6. In the coming Olympic Games, there will be ten more new events, ________ more athletes will try to realize their goal in. A. that B. which C. where D. when 7. After graduation, I took some time off to go travelling, ________ turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where 8. After a long and difficult journey, the monarch butterflies eventually reached the places ________ they would spend the winter. A. why B. which C. where D. when 9. He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident. A. which B. that C. how D. where 10. The old photo brings to my mind the happy high school days ________ we spent together. A. which B. who C. when D. what 11. The boy ________ got the first prize is from Class 1. A. where B. when C. which D. who 12. Having a mix of male and female nurses also helps create a fun atmosphere, ________ helps patients recover faster. A. this B. that C. which D. where 13. The woman ________ I am sending an email is my business partner. A. to whom B. whom C. who D. whose 14. Linda is a beautiful girl ________ likes Chinese culture very much. A. whom B. whose C. which D. who 15. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ________ he was born. A. which B. when C. that D. where 16. Eventually, the butterfly manages to reach the places ________ it will spend the winter. A. which B. what C. where D. that II. 单句语法填空 1. This is the book ________ I bought yesterday. 2. The lab in ________ they worked has poor air quality. 3. In front of the classrooms, there was a playground ________ got dusty on windy days and muddy on rainy days. 4. He was only 1.6 metres tall, ________ made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. (用适当的词填空) 5. I was still tied to the barrel, and the waves soon carried me to an area ________ the other fishermen were. 6. It’s a disease ________ affects mainly older people. 7. Children ________ compete in a sport will learn how to deal with failure because they don’t always win. 8. She is the girl ________ brother is studying abroad. 9. These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”, ________ killed 90% to 96% of all species. 10. The man ________ is shaking hands with the expert is my father. 11. Finally, the thief handed over everything ________ he had stolen to the police. 12. The other day I met Bob in the forest, ________ family moved here last month. 13. He was beaten by an unknown team from a remote school, ________ was unexpected. 14. There are lots of foreigners at the meeting, most of ________ are Americans. 15. China, ________ is reported, has played an important role in dealing with international affairs. 16. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ________ New York is an example. 17. He is now reading a book about a scientist, ________ he dreams to be. 18. There was a time ________ there were slaves in the USA. ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网)北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题11 定语从句 目录 明晰学考要求 基础知识梳理 考点精讲讲练 考点一　关系代词引导定语从句 3 考点二　关系副词引导定语从句 考点三　介词+关系词引导定语从句 4 实战能力训练 考点一 关系代词引导定语从句 1. who，whom和whose引导的定语从句。 (1)who和whom都指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。 (2)whose指人的或物的，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。 Any man who has a sense of duty will be concerned about this item. 任何有责任感的人都会关注这个项目。 The rescue worker (whom/that/who) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的救援人员已经来了。 I frequently visit a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我经常拜访一位全国知名的科学家。 2. that和which引导的定语从句 that代替的先行词可以是人也可以是物，但是which代替的先行词只能是物。使用这两个关系词要注意以下两点： (1)5种只用that引导定语从句的情况。 ①先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，the one等不定代词时被all，any，few，every，no，little，much，some等修饰时。。 ②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。 ③先行词被the only，the very (正是，恰是), the last修饰时。 ④先行词既有人又有物时。 ⑤当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 All that you must keep in mind is that you must be buried in your research. 你必须记住的所有的事情是你必须专心于你的研究。 He was the first survivor that was dug out from the ruins. 他是从废墟中被挖出的第一个幸存者。 The only thing that we can do is give in to our parents’ ideas. 我们唯一能做的事情就是听从我们父母的意见。 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间见到的人和一些照片。 (2)4种只用which引导定语从句的情况。 ①引导非限制性定语从句时。 ②先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。 ③先行词本身是that时。 ④关系代词后有插入语时。 3. as引导的定语从句 as引导限制性定语从句主要用于the same...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中。 as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 We have found the same materials as are used in their factory. 我们已经找到了和他们工厂里使用的一样的材料。 4. 引导非限制性定语从句时as/which的区别 关系词 位置不同 表意不同 as 既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中 意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 As anybody can see，the elephant is like a snake. 正如每个人所看到的一样，这头大象像一条蛇。 The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 正如报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。 which 通常放在主句之后 意为“这一点”或“这件事”等 She married again，which was unexpected. 她再婚了，这是始料未及的。 5. 定语从句中的主谓一致 (1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。 The recorder that has been given to me is homemade.给我的那台录音机是国产的。 (2)“one of＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the、the only、the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。 He is the only one of the students who has made great progress. 他是这些学生中唯一一个取得很大进步的学生。 考点二 关系副词引导定语从句 1. 关系副词指代的先行词及其作用。 先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time，day，year等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which 表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示原因的名词：reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. 但就像所有的表演一样, 总有出错的时候。 There are two parks less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. 从家里步行不到10分钟的地方有两个公园, 附近的孩子们聚集在那里玩耍。 I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday. 我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。 2. 有时先行词是表示抽象地点的名词，像activity，business，career，case，job，point，position，race，stage，situation等，当从句中缺少状语时，用关系副词where。 Self-driving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 自动驾驶是中国和世界上其他国家都处于相同起跑线的一个领域。 3. 先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。 I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel a meeting because of ill health.我记得他很少有因为健康不佳而不得不取消会议的情况。 Taking her with me on official occasions where many important figures are present has been a challenge. 在很多大人物到场的正式场合带上她对我而言是一种挑战。 4. 当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，关系词可用that，in which或省略关系词。 It’s not what you say；it’s the way(that/in which) you say it. 问题不在于你说什么，而在于你怎么说。 5. 关系副词与关系代词的选择。 选用关系代词与关系副词时，首先应明确关系副词不可作主语或宾语。若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则定语从句需用关系代词引导；从句的谓语是及物动词，而其后无宾语，就必须用关系代词替代先行词充当其宾语；若为不及物动词，则从句中不需要宾语，需要用关系副词。如： 考点三 介词+关系词引导的定语从句 1. 若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。 He is the person on whom you can depend.他是你可以信赖的人。 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag.他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels.上周日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。 2. “介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：即：一先二动三意义 (1)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记在乡下度过的童年时光。 (2)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定 I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I had saved. 我买了很多书，花光了所有的积蓄。 (2)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定 I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I had saved. 我买了很多书，花光了所有的积蓄。 (3)根据所表达的意思来确定 The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 没有它我们就不能生存的无色气体叫氧气。 3. whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly built cafe，the walls of which(＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，它的墙壁被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 考点一 关系代词引导定语从句 例1. I enjoy reading a book ________ is about the traditional culture of paper-cutting. A. what B. who C. whose D. which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢读一本关于剪纸传统文化的书。句中先行词为a book，指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故选D。 例2. John had a great feeling of loneliness, ________ was even more serious during his lunch break. A. which B. it C. what D. that 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：约翰有一种强烈的孤独感，这种感觉在他午休的时候更加严重。分析句子结构可知此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词a great feeling of loneliness，在从句中作主语，指物，应用which。故选A。 考点二 关系副词引导定语从句 例3. A fast food restaurant is the place ________, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly. A. which B. what C. there D. where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：快餐店，顾名思义，就是快速进食的地方。定语从句修饰先行词place，关系词在从句作地点状语，故用where。故选D。 例4. EBay and Amazon are popular websites ________ people can sell goods to each other. A. when B. which C. where D. whose 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：EBay和亚马逊是人们可以互相销售商品的热门网站。“________ people can sell goods to each other.”为定语从句，修饰先行词websites，先行词指地点，关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词where引导从句。故选C。 考点三 介词+关系词引导定语从句 例5. A year is divided into four seasons, as we all know, ________ the first is spring. A. which B. of them C. when D. of which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一年分为四个季节，我们都知道，第一个季节是春天。分析句子可知，“A year is divided into four seasons”为主句，逗号后的内容为非限制性定语从句。结合意思可知，这里表示一年四季中的第一个为春季，因此非限制性定语从句的结构为“the first of which /of which the first”，关系代词which指代先行词“four seasons”，故选D。 例6. Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two days ago, some of ________ have gone bad due to the hot weather. A. those B. which C. whom D. that 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：母亲两天前从市场上买了许多西红柿，由于天气炎热，有些已经坏了。句中先行词为tomatoes，指物，在非限定性定语从句中作some of的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导。故选B。 I. 单项选择 1. ________ is reported, vaccines(疫苗) do an excellent job of preventing serious Covid-19 illness and deaths, but are less good at stopping infections, particularly since the emergence(出现) of the more infectious Delta variant. A. It B. Which C. That D. As 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：据报道，疫苗在预防严重的新冠肺炎疾病和死亡方面做得很好，但在阻止感染方面做得不太好，特别是在出现更具传染性的Delta变异体之后。该空引导非限制性定语从句放句首，先行词等于关系词，关系词指代主句内容，意为“正如”，关系词在从句中做主语，用关系代词as。故选D项。 2. His parents forced him to be a lawyer, ________ was against his own wishes. A. when B. which C. that D. what 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他的父母强迫他当律师，这违背了他自己的意愿。指代前面的一件事，所以用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。故选B。 3. People remember the first travelers from England ________ come to live in America. A. which B. where C. who 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：人们记得第一批从英国来美国居住的旅行者。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词travelers是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故选C。 4. Have you heard about the player________ got the first prize in the swimming? A. which B. what C. who D. whom 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你听说那个在游泳比赛中得了第一名的运动员了吗？空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是player，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故选C。 5. October is a great time to visit Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ________ travelers can go to the quiet Ejina to enjoy the wonderful scenery of Euphratica forest(胡杨林). A. then B. where C. when D. there 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：10月是游览内蒙古自治区的好时候，游客可以去安静的额济纳欣赏胡杨林的美景。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，修饰前面的名词October，这是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主干成分，先行词表示时间，应用when引导。故选C项。 6. In the coming Olympic Games, there will be ten more new events, ________ more athletes will try to realize their goal in. A. that B. which C. where D. when 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在即将到来的奥运会上，将有10个新的项目，更多的运动员将努力实现他们的目标。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词是events，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故选B。 7. After graduation, I took some time off to go travelling, ________ turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：毕业后，我抽出一段时间去旅行，这被证明是一个明智的决定。分析句子可知，空格后是非限制性定语从句，修饰前现整个句子，“抽出一段时间去旅行”这件事情在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故选B项。 8. After a long and difficult journey, the monarch butterflies eventually reached the places ________ they would spend the winter. A. why B. which C. where D. when 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：经过漫长而艰难的旅程，黑脉金斑蝶终于到达了它们要过冬的地方。A. why为什么；B. which哪一个；C.where哪里；D. when什么时候。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词places是地点，且在从句中做地点状语，应该用where来引导。故选C项。 9. He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident. A. which B. that C. how D. where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他写了一封信，在信里解释了事故中发生了什么。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“letter”，在从句中作地点状语，即“he explained what had happened in the accident in the letter”，故应用关系副词“where”引导从句。故选D项。 10. The old photo brings to my mind the happy high school days ________ we spent together. A. which B. who C. when D. what 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这张老照片让我想起了我们一起度过的快乐的高中时光。分析句子可知，空白及其之后的内容为限定性定语从句，先行词为days，在从句中作动词spent的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which/that引导，或省略关系代词。故选A。 11. The boy ________ got the first prize is from Class 1. A. where B. when C. which D. who 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：获得一等奖的男孩来自1班。分析句子结构，此句为定语从句。从句got the first prize is from Class 1不完整，先行词the boy在从句作主语，指人，用关系代词who引导。故选D项。 12. Having a mix of male and female nurses also helps create a fun atmosphere, ________ helps patients recover faster. A. this B. that C. which D. where 【答案】C 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：男女护士的混合也有助于创造一种有趣的氛围，帮助患者更快地康复。分析可知空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a fun atmosphere，指物，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选C。 13. The woman ________ I am sending an email is my business partner. A. to whom B. whom C. who D. whose 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我给她发邮件的那位女士是我的商业伙伴。send sth. to sb.把某物送给或寄给某人。句中先行词为woman，在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，所以用关系代词whom引导。故选A。 14. Linda is a beautiful girl ________ likes Chinese culture very much. A. whom B. whose C. which D. who 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Linda是一个美丽的女孩，她非常喜欢中国文化。分析句子结构可知，此句考查定语从句；从句缺少主语，先行词是a beautiful girl，所以用指代人的关系代词who。故选D项。 15. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ________ he was born. A. which B. when C. that D. where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在巴黎生活了五十年之后，他回到了他出生的那个小镇。此处是限定性定语从句修饰先行词the small town，先行词从句中作地点状语，应使用关系副词where引导。故选D。 16. Eventually, the butterfly manages to reach the places ________ it will spend the winter. A. which B. what C. where D. that 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最后，蝴蝶设法到达它将要过冬的地方。分析句子结构可知，先行词是the places表地点，从句当中主语是it，谓语是will spend，宾语是the winter，所以从句当中应该用关系副词where来作地点状语。故选C。 II. 单句语法填空 1. This is the book ________ I bought yesterday. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我昨天买的那本书。“ I bought yesterday”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词book，指物，关系词将其代入定语从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。 2. The lab in ________ they worked has poor air quality. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。此处为介词+关系代词结构引导的定语从句修饰先行词lab，先行词lab作介词in的宾语，表示物，用关系代词which指代lab。故填which。 3. In front of the classrooms, there was a playground ________ got dusty on windy days and muddy on rainy days. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在教室的前面，有一个操场，风大的时候会落满灰尘，雨天会变得泥泞。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰名词playground，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导定语从句，故填that或which。 4. He was only 1.6 metres tall, ________ made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他只有1.6米高，这使他成为NBA历史上最矮的球员。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 5. I was still tied to the barrel, and the waves soon carried me to an area ________ the other fishermen were. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然被绑在木桶上，海浪很快把我带到了其他渔民所在的地方。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是area，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 6. It’s a disease ________ affects mainly older people. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是一种主要影响老年人的疾病。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为disease，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 7. Children ________ compete in a sport will learn how to deal with failure because they don’t always win. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：参加体育比赛的孩子将学会如何应对失败，因为他们并不总是获胜。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为Children，指代人，应用关系代词who或that引导从句，在从句中作主语。故填who/that。 8. She is the girl ________ brother is studying abroad. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她就是她哥哥在国外留学的那个女孩。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为girl，关系代词whose引导从句，在从句中作定语，表示“她的”。故填whose。 9. These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”, ________ killed 90% to 96% of all species. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：其中包括第三次大灭绝，被称为“大灭绝”，90%到96%的物种死亡。句中先行词为Great Dying，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。根据句意，故填which。 10. The man ________ is shaking hands with the expert is my father. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正在和专家握手的那个人是我的父亲。句中先行词为The man ，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。根据句意，故填who/that。 11. Finally, the thief handed over everything ________ he had stolen to the police. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最后，小偷把偷来的所有东西都交给了警察。定语从句修饰先行词everything，先行词在从句中作宾语，为不定代词，只能用that引导。故填that。 12. The other day I met Bob in the forest, ________ family moved here last month. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：前几天我在森林里遇到了鲍勃，他们一家上个月搬到了这里。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Bob，先行词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 13. He was beaten by an unknown team from a remote school, ________ was unexpected. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他被一个来自偏远学校的无名队伍打败，这是出人意料的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为上文整个句子，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 14. There are lots of foreigners at the meeting, most of ________ are Americans. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：会议上有许多外国人，其中大多数是美国人。分析句子可知，此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词foreigners，作介词的宾语，指人应用whom。故填whom。 15. China, ________ is reported, has played an important role in dealing with international affairs. 【答案】as 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：据报道，中国在处理国际事务中发挥了重要作用。表示“据报道”句型为as is reported，as引导非限制性定语从句。故填as。 16. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ________ New York is an example. 【答案】of/among which 【详解】考查定语从句中的关系词+which。句意：对于世界上许多城市来说，没有进一步扩展的空间，纽约就是其中的一个例子。there is no room to spread out further,是插入语。本句中的先行词是many cities，在定语从句中作of/among的宾语，即New York is an example of/among the cities, the cities是先行词，指物。所以是of/among which。故本题填of/among which 17. He is now reading a book about a scientist, ________ he dreams to be. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他现在正在读一本关于科学家的书，他梦想成为他那样的科学家。分析句子可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，关系词指代先行词scientist(指人)并在从句中作be的表语，故填who。 18. There was a time ________ there were slaves in the USA. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：曾经有一段时间，美国有奴隶。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词a time，先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when 引导。故填when。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网)北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$