专题05 情态动词和虚拟语气（知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）-【学考必备】2025年高中英语学业水平合格性考试总复习（江苏专用）

专题05 情态动词和虚拟语气 目录 明晰学考要求 基础知识梳理 考点精讲讲练 考点一　can, could, be able to表能力的用法 考点二　must,can, could, may, might表可能性的用法 考点三　should, ought to, had better表建议的用法 考点四　need, must, have to,shall表必要性的用法 考点五　 can, could, may, might, will, would, shall表示“请求”或“许可”的用法 考点六　情态动词+have done sth. 考点七　虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用 考点八　虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的运用 考点九　虚拟语气在名词性从句的运用 实战能力训练 考点一 can, could, be able to表示“能力”的情态动词 can 用于表示现在或将来的能力 could 用于表示过去的能力 be able to 可用于各种时态 They both can play the piano, but I can’t.他们都会弹钢琴,但我不会。 We made sure that he could do the work.我们肯定他能做这份工作。 She was able to touch her feet with her hands.她能用双手摸到双脚。 考点二 must,can, could, may, might表示“可能性”的情态动词 must 意为“一定”,语气最强,只用于肯定句 can 意为“可能”,常用于否定句或疑问句 could 意为“可能”,用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句 may 意为“可能,也许”,常用于肯定句;用于否定句时意为“可能不” might 意为“可能,也许”,语气最弱,常用于肯定句;用于否定句时意为“可能不,也许不” He must be playing basketball on the playground now.他现在一定在操场打篮球。 That can’t be Mary — she is in hospital.那不可能是玛丽——她在住院。 My book has disappeared.Who can/could have taken it?我的书不见了。谁可能拿走它呢? She may not go to the concert tonight.今晚她可能不去音乐会了。 Nick might have gone to the library.尼克可能去图书馆了。 考点三should, ought to, had better表示“建议”的情态动词 这三个词都可以表示向别人提出建议。其中had better语气最弱。 We should/ought to be more careful with our examination.我们应该更加认真地考试。 You had better play with your friends after you finish your homework.你最好在完成作业后再和你的朋友玩。 考点四need, must, have to,shall表示“必要性”的情态动词 must 主观意愿 need/ have to 表示客观上必须怎样 mustn’t mustn’t We students have to get to school before 8 am.我们学生必须在早上8点之前到达学校。 Something must be done to stop pollution.必须采取措施制止污染。 Need I finish the work before 5 o’clock?我需要五点前完成工作吗? Students shall wear school uniforms at school.学生在学校必须穿校服。 You mustn’t set off the fireworks in public places.你不能在公共场合燃放烟花。 考点五. can, could, may, might, will, would, shall表示“请求”或“许可”的情态动词 can, could, may, might, will, would, shall等都可以表示请求或许可。could, might, would 比can, may, will语气更加委婉。 Could/Can you spare me a few minutes?你能为我抽出几分钟的时间吗? Might/May I interrupt and ask you for help?我能打断一下,请你帮个忙吗? Would/Will you please tell me the way to Xiang Yang Middle School?请你告诉向阳中学好吗? Shall I close the door?我可以关门吗? 考点六 情态动词+have done sth. 1. 对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测。 must have done (过去)一定……；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句 may (might) have done (过去)可能……；语气不确定；用于肯定句 can (could) have done 用于否定句或疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定 2. 表示“与过去事实相反”。 could have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做 needn't have done 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了 ought to/should have done 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做 oughtn't to/shouldn't have done 过去不应该做某事但实际上做了 might have done 过去可能做某事但实际上没做 He must have left already. His car is gone. (他一定已经离开了，因为他的车不见了，根据车不见这一事实推断他已经离开)。 You should have studied harder for the exam. (你本应该为考试更努力学习的，但实际上没有，有责备的意思)。 He could have passed the exam if he had studied harder. (如果他更努力学习的话，他本能够通过考试的，但实际上没通过)。 He might have seen her yesterday. I'm not sure. (他昨天有可能见到她了，我不确定，比说 “could have seen” 更不确定)。 If I had known you were coming, I might have prepared something special. (要是我当时知道你要来，我就有可能准备一些特别的东西了，与过去事实相反的假设及可能性)。 考点七 虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用。 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事 实相反 过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事 实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事 实相反 过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 should＋动词原形 were to＋动词原形 If I were you, I would study harder. (这里 “我是你” 与现在真实情况不同) If I had known you were coming, I would have met you at the airport. (“我知道你要来” 与过去实际不知道的情况相反) If it were to rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic. (假设明天会下雨，与未来不确定是否下雨的实际情况相反)； If you should see him, tell him I'm looking for him. (假设你会见到他，与未来不确定是否见面的情况相反) 考点八 虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的运用 (1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but for，without等介词(短语)来表示。 (2)用连词otherwise，or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。 We wouldn't have finished the project on time without your timely help.如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。 He was very busy yesterday. Otherwise，he would have come to the party.他昨天太忙了，否则的话，他就会来参加聚会了。 考点九 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 (1)在“It is＋important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity＋that ...”句型中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。 (2)在would rather(that)后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。 (3)句中含有以下单词或其变形时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 It's vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously. 重视道路安全驾驶是至关重要的。 I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday. 要是他前天和我去海边就好了。 (4)wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气 从句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were) 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 would/could＋动词原形 I wish I were a bird.”(我希望我是一只鸟，与现在我不是鸟的事实相反)。 I wish I had known you earlier.”(我希望我早些时候就认识你了，与过去实际上不认识你的事实相反)。 I wish I would be able to fly in the future.”(我希望将来我能飞，与将来实际能否飞的情况相反)。 【特别提示】 三个特定句式中的虚拟语气 句型结构 过去虚拟 现在虚拟 将来虚拟 if only引导的条件句及感叹句 had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形 as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句 had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形 It is (high) time that... 过去式或“should＋动词原形” 考点一 表示“能力”的情态动词 例1. ________ you help me move the table upstairs? A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Need 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你能帮我把桌子搬到楼上吗？A. Must必须，一定；B. Should应该；C. Could (礼貌地请求别人做某事)能；D. Need需要。根据句意可知，句中是在请求对方帮助自己搬桌子，故应用情态动词“Could”，意为“能”，用于礼貌地请求别人做某事。故选C项。 考点二 表示“可能性”的情态动词 例2. I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. It ________ be true because there was little snow there. A. can’t B. may not C. won’t D. mustn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：我听说他们去年冬天去山上滑雪了。这不可能是真的，因为那里几乎没有雪。根据“because there was little snow there”可知，此处是指这件事是不可能的，考查情态动词的推测用法，所以应用can’t表示“不可能”。故选A。 考点三 表示“建议”的情态动词 例3. We ________ eat too much roast food as it may do harm to our health. A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. had better not D. might not 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：我们最好不要吃太多的烧烤食品，因为它可能对我们的健康有害。A. wouldn’t不会，不肯；B. needn’t不需要，没必要；C. had better not最好不要；D. might not可能不。根据后半句“as it may do harm to our health”可知，太多烧烤食品不利健康，所以建议“最好不要”吃太多。had better not符合语境。故选C项。 考点四 表示“必要性”的情态动词 例4. You ________ see a doctor because you have got a high fever. A. will B. must C. may D. might 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：句意:你发烧了，必须马上去看医生。A. can能、能够；B. must必须，表示强制；C. dare敢；D. would将要。根据“you have got a high fever.(你已经发高烧了)”可知此处应为“你必须马上去看医生”，语气应表示强制，结合选项可知B选项符合题意，其他选项均不符合题意，故答案选B。 考点五 表示“请求”或“许可”的情态动词 例5. Every one of us ________ always breathe the same breath and share the same future as the people. A. might B. should C. could 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：我们每个人都应该与人民同呼吸、同命运。A. might可能；B.  should应该；C. could能够。根据后文“breathe the same breath and share the same future as the people”可知，用来表示现在的责任或义务，译作“应该”、“应当”，应用should。故选B。 考点六 情态动词+have done sth. 例6 Judging from the way he’s laughing and chatting with people, Tom ________ the game. A. needn’t have won B. couldn’t have won C. must have won D. would have won 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：从汤姆和人们谈笑风生的样子来看，他一定赢了这场比赛。A. needn’t have won本没有必要赢得；B. couldn’t have won不可能赢得；C. must have won一定赢得了；D. would have won本会赢得。根据“Judging from the way he’s laughing and chatting with people,”可知，汤姆谈笑风生，从而推断他一定赢得了比赛。故选C。 考点七 虚拟语气在条件句中的使用 例7 If it ________(be) not for his determination, he would not have completed the marathon. 【答案】were 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是因为他的决心，他就不会跑完马拉松。根据主句would not have completed可知本句为祈使句；在虚拟句中，if it were not for+n/pron.为固定句型，意思是“要不是/若不是因为”， 故填were。 考点八 虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的使用 例8. Don't come tonight, I would rather you ________ tomorrow. A. come B. came C. will come D. coming 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：今晚不要来，我宁愿你明天来。would rather (that) sb did sth表示主语宁愿某人做了或没做某事，对现在和对将来的虚拟，使用一般现在时；如果是对过去的虚拟，则需要使用had done。故选B。 考点九. 虚拟语气在名词性从句等特定句型中的使用 例9 It’s vital that we ________(be) present. 【答案】should be/be 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们在场是至关重要的。句中it为形式主语，that引导的从句为主语从句。It’s vital that+从句，从句应用虚拟语气，谓语部分示用should+动词原形，或should可省略。故填(should) be。 I. 单项选择 1. —The telephone line to the headmaster is always busy. —Someone ________ the telephone. A. need use B. should use C. must be using D. must use 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——给校长的电话总是占线。——一定有人在用电话。A. need use需要使用；B. should use应该使用；C. must be using一定在使用；D. must use必须使用。根据句中的“The telephone line to the headmaster is always busy”，这里是说现阶段有人肯定正在使用电话，表示肯定推测。故选C。 2. Traffic lights are important. When the red light is on, you ________ cross the street. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. wouldn’t 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：交通灯很重要。当红灯亮时，你不能过马路。A. can’t不能；B. mustn’t严禁；C. shouldn’t不应该；D. wouldn’t不会。由上文“When the red light is on”和下文“cross the street.”可知，红灯亮了，严禁穿过马路，此处应用mustn’t表示“禁止”，故选B。 3. According to the rules of the shopping mall, you ________ keep your pet out of the gate. A. would B. should C. may D. can 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：根据购物中心的规定，你应该把宠物关在门外。A. would将会；B. should应该；C. may也许；D. can可能。根据句意，此处表达“应该”，should符合题意。故选B项。 4. You ________ take photos of people in Egypt without first asking for permission. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. don’t have to D. wouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：未经许可，你不得在埃及为人们拍照。A. mustn’t不准，禁止；B. needn’t不必；C. don’t have to不必；D. wouldn’t不会。根据“without first asking for permission.”可知，此处是指未经许可禁止给当地人拍照。故选A。 5. You don’t look well, you ________ see a doctor. A. ought to B. may C. can D. might 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你脸色不太好，应该去看医生。A. ought to应该；B. may可以；C. can能够；D. might也许。根据“You don’t look well,”可知，这里表示建议或劝告，脸色不好应该去看医生。故选A。 6. — I want someone to write the composition for me. — No! It’s a rule in our school that as a student, you ________ depend on yourself. A. shall B. will C. can D. should 【答案】A 【详解】本题考查的是情态动词的选用。首先，由题意可知you depend on yourself是学校的规则(rule)，而四个选项中，只有shall作情态动词才可表示法律、规章制度下的“必须”，由此可知答案为A。 7. —Shall I tell Mike about it? —No, you ________. He’s already been told. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. don’t 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词/助动词。句意：——要我把这件事告诉迈克吗？——不必。他已经知道了。A. mustn’t禁止；B. can’t不能；C. needn’t不必；D. don’t不。根据后文“He’s already been told.”可知是不必告诉迈克了，故选C。 8. When I was young, I was told that I ________ play with fire. A. needn't B. was not able to C. daren't D. mustn't 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：在我小时候，我被告知不能玩火。A. needn't不需要；B. was not able to不能够；C. daren't不敢；D. mustn't禁止，表示“不准”，此处是一种指令、命令，故选D。 9. Mary’s bedroom is so tidy. She ________ have cleaned it last night. A. can B. need C. must D. should 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：玛丽的卧室很整洁。她昨晚一定打扫过了。A. can 可能；B. need 需要；C. must 一定；D. should 应该，很有可能。由“情态动词+have+done”结构可知，此处为使用合理的情态动词表示对过去发生事件的推测，因为第一句交代了玛丽的卧室很整洁的背景，因此推测房间一定是打扫过了，must符合文意。故选C项。 10. I ________ there so early because she didn't come until 10. A. didn't need to get B. couldn't have got C. needn't have got D. mustn't have got 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：我本不必那么早到那儿，因为她十点才来。A. didn't need to get不需要到；B. couldn't have got本来没能到；C. needn't have got本不必到；D. mustn't have got必定没到。根据后文“there so early because she didn't come until 10”可知表示本不必做某事却做了，应用needn't have done。故选C。 11. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday; I ________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. shouldn't have taken B. couldn't have taken C. needn't have taken D. mustn't have taken 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：结果昨天天气很好。我本没必要费劲随身带雨伞的。根据句意，应是“本不必要带雨伞，但实际上带了”； shouldn't have done意思为“本不应该做，但实际上做了”； needn't have done意思为“本来不必做……，但实际上做了”；couldn't have done表示对过去情况的否定推测，意思为“不可能做过……”；must have done表示对过去发生情况的肯定推测，意思为“一定已经，肯定已经”，不用于否定句。故选C项。 12. Jenny ________ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must B. should C. need D. would 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：詹妮本应该信守诺言的。我想知道她为什么改变主意。根据后半句I wonder why she changed her mind.可知，詹妮没有信守诺言，should have done sth.“本应该做某事却没做”符合句意。must have done过去一定做了；needn’t have done本没必要做某事却做了；would have done多用于虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设。故选B。 【点睛】情态动词+have done 情态动词+have+done是历年高考的重点和难点之一，现将其用法总结归纳如下: must have done对过去的肯定推测译为“过去肯定做了……”。如： It must have rained last night, for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了，因为路面十分潮湿。 can’t / couldn’t have done 对过去的否定推测译为“过去不可能做了……”。如： He couldn’t have known the decision, but someone told him.他一定不知道这个决定，但是有人告诉他了。 could have done“本来能够做而没做”。如： You could have made greater progress, but you didn’t try your best.你本能够取得更大进步，但是你并不尽力。 may/might (not) have done“可能(没有)做过某事”。如： You may have dropped it when you were shopping in the market. 你或许是在买东西的时候掉了。 should /ought to have done“本来该做而没做”。如： You should have come to school if you were really serious about your study.要是你对待学习认真的话，你本应该来上学的。 needn’t have done“本来不必做却做了”。如： You needn't have telephone him, for he had known the result. 你本不必打电话给他，因为他已经知道结果。 如本题，句意：詹妮本应该信守诺言的。我想知道她为什么改变主意。根据后半句I wonder why she changed her mind.(我想知道她为什么改变主意)可知，詹妮没有信守诺言，should have done sth.“本应该做某事却没做”符合句意。must have done过去一定做了；needn’t have done本没必要做某事却做了；would have done多用于虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设。故选B。 13. Using AI， many companies are now conducting experiments that________ possible just a few years ago. A. would have been B. might have been C. shouldn't have been D. couldn't have been 【答案】D 【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意：很多公司现在使用人工智能进行试验，这在几年前是不可能的。根据“a few years ago”可知，此处表示“过去不可能”，应该用couldn’t have done，故D项正确。 14. __ I do not know  what I ________ without the suitcase you lent me. __ Glad to have been of some help to you. A. would have done B. would do C. should have done D. should do 【答案】A 【详解】试题分析:考查虚拟语气。从句中you lent me和答语中的to have been 可知事情是发生在过去，所以主句是对过去的虚拟，应该用 would have done，所以A 选项正确。句意：--要是没有你借给我的手提箱，我真不知道该怎样做。--很高兴能够对你有所帮助。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 15. I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. can’t B. dare not C. needn’t D. may not 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词的基本用法。句意：我已经点了一些披萨，所以我们回家累了就不用担心做饭了。A. can’t表示“无能力”；B. dare not表示“无勇气”；C. needn’t意为“无必要”；D. may not表示“推断”。 因为买了比萨饼，无必要担心回家后疲劳还要做饭。故选择C项。 16. — Come and join us, Ben! — I’m afraid I can’t. I’m too busy now. If I ________ time, I would certainly go. A. had B. will have C. have had D. have 【答案】A 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——来加入我们吧，本!——恐怕不行。我现在太忙了。如果我有时间，我一定去。结合空后“I would certainly go.”可知，此处使用了if条件句的虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，其结构为：If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词用were)+其它，主语+would/could…+动词原形+其它；由此可知，空处需用动词的一般过去时。故选A。 17. ________ Tom hadn’t hurt his foot, he would won the race. A. If B. Since C. Though D. When 【答案】A 【详解】考查状语从句和虚拟语气。句意：如果汤姆没有摔到他的脚，他会赢得比赛。由题意可知，此处应用 if 引导非真实条件句，表示与过去事实相反的一种假设；since 表示原因或时间；though表示让步；when表示时间，都不符合句意。故选A。 18. Be careful! Don’t take the vase ________ it were made of steel. A. as long as B. as soon as C. as if D. once 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词。句意：小心点！不要动那个花瓶，好像它是钢铁制成的。A.as long as只要； B. as soon as一......就； C. as if 好像； D. once一旦。根据it were made of steel可知是虚拟语气，与现在事实相反。故选C。 19. It is demanded that the plan ________ out as soon as possible. A. must be carried B. is to carry C. carried D. be carried 【答案】D 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：人们要求这项计划尽快实施。demand后面的宾语从句的谓语动词，要求使用should +动词原形，或者将should省略。the plan与carry out是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，即(should) be carried out。故选D。 【点睛】本题重在理解虚拟语气的运用。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即：1. insist；2. order，command；3. advise，suggest，propose；4. demand，require，request，desire。这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的谓语动词要求使用should +动词原形，或者将should省略。 20. My mother insisted that he________ to the doctor at once when my brother got bitten by the neighbor’s dog that day. A. went B. go C. goes D. going 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：那天我哥哥被邻居的狗咬了，我妈妈坚持让他马上去看医生。表“坚持要求”的insist后接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语(should)+动词原形，用(should) go。故选B项。 ( 11 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 情态动词和虚拟语气 目录 明晰学考要求 基础知识梳理 考点精讲讲练 考点一　can, could, be able to表能力的用法 考点二　must,can, could, may, might表可能性的用法 考点三　should, ought to, had better表建议的用法 考点四　need, must, have to,shall表必要性的用法 考点五　 can, could, may, might, will, would, shall表示“请求”或“许可”的用法 考点六　情态动词+have done sth. 考点七　虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用 考点八　虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的运用 考点九　虚拟语气在名词性从句的运用 实战能力训练 考点一 can, could, be able to表示“能力”的情态动词 can 用于表示现在或将来的能力 could 用于表示过去的能力 be able to 可用于各种时态 They both can play the piano, but I can’t.他们都会弹钢琴,但我不会。 We made sure that he could do the work.我们肯定他能做这份工作。 She was able to touch her feet with her hands.她能用双手摸到双脚。 考点二 must,can, could, may, might表示“可能性”的情态动词 must 意为“一定”,语气最强,只用于肯定句 can 意为“可能”,常用于否定句或疑问句 could 意为“可能”,用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句 may 意为“可能,也许”,常用于肯定句;用于否定句时意为“可能不” might 意为“可能,也许”,语气最弱,常用于肯定句;用于否定句时意为“可能不,也许不” He must be playing basketball on the playground now.他现在一定在操场打篮球。 That can’t be Mary — she is in hospital.那不可能是玛丽——她在住院。 My book has disappeared. Who can/could have taken it?我的书不见了。谁可能拿走它呢? She may not go to the concert tonight.今晚她可能不去音乐会了。 Nick might have gone to the library.尼克可能去图书馆了。 考点三should, ought to, had better表示“建议”的情态动词 这三个词都可以表示向别人提出建议。其中had better语气最弱。 We should/ought to be more careful with our examination.我们应该更加认真地考试。 You had better play with your friends after you finish your homework.你最好在完成作业后再和你的朋友玩。 考点四need, must, have to,shall表示“必要性”的情态动词 must 主观意愿 need/ have to 表示客观上必须怎样 mustn’t mustn’t We students have to get to school before 8 am.我们学生必须在早上8点之前到达学校。 Something must be done to stop pollution.必须采取措施制止污染。 Need I finish the work before 5 o’clock?我需要五点前完成工作吗? Students shall wear school uniforms at school.学生在学校必须穿校服。 You mustn’t set off the fireworks in public places.你不能在公共场合燃放烟花。 考点五. can, could, may, might, will, would, shall表示“请求”或“许可”的情态动词 can, could, may, might, will, would, shall等都可以表示请求或许可。could, might, would 比can, may, will语气更加委婉。 Could/Can you spare me a few minutes?你能为我抽出几分钟的时间吗? Might/May I interrupt and ask you for help?我能打断一下,请你帮个忙吗? Would/Will you please tell me the way to Xiang Yang Middle School?请你告诉向阳中学好吗? Shall I close the door?我可以关门吗? 考点六 情态动词+have done sth. 1. 对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测。 must have done (过去)一定……；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句 may (might) have done (过去)可能……；语气不确定；用于肯定句 can (could) have done 用于否定句或疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定 2. 表示“与过去事实相反”。 could have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做 needn't have done 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了 ought to/should have done 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做 oughtn't to/shouldn't have done 过去不应该做某事但实际上做了 might have done 过去可能做某事但实际上没做 He must have left already. His car is gone. (他一定已经离开了，因为他的车不见了，根据车不见这一事实推断他已经离开)。 You should have studied harder for the exam. (你本应该为考试更努力学习的，但实际上没有，有责备的意思)。 He could have passed the exam if he had studied harder. (如果他更努力学习的话，他本能够通过考试的，但实际上没通过)。 He might have seen her yesterday. I'm not sure. (他昨天有可能见到她了，我不确定，比说 “could have seen” 更不确定)。 If I had known you were coming, I might have prepared something special. (要是我当时知道你要来，我就有可能准备一些特别的东西了，与过去事实相反的假设及可能性)。 考点七 虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用。 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事 实相反 过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事 实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事 实相反 过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 should＋动词原形 were to＋动词原形 If I were you, I would study harder. (这里 “我是你” 与现在真实情况不同) If I had known you were coming, I would have met you at the airport. (“我知道你要来” 与过去实际不知道的情况相反) If it were to rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic. (假设明天会下雨，与未来不确定是否下雨的实际情况相反)； If you should see him, tell him I'm looking for him. (假设你会见到他，与未来不确定是否见面的情况相反) 考点八 虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的运用 (1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but for，without等介词(短语)来表示。 (2)用连词otherwise，or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。 We wouldn't have finished the project on time without your timely help.如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。 He was very busy yesterday. Otherwise，he would have come to the party.他昨天太忙了，否则的话，他就会来参加聚会了。 考点九 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 (1)在“It is＋important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity＋that ...”句型中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。 (2)在would rather(that)后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。 (3)句中含有以下单词或其变形时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 It's vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously. 重视道路安全驾驶是至关重要的。 I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday. 要是他前天和我去海边就好了。 (4)wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气 从句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were) 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 would/could＋动词原形 I wish I were a bird.”(我希望我是一只鸟，与现在我不是鸟的事实相反)。 I wish I had known you earlier.”(我希望我早些时候就认识你了，与过去实际上不认识你的事实相反)。 I wish I would be able to fly in the future.”(我希望将来我能飞，与将来实际能否飞的情况相反)。 【特别提示】 三个特定句式中的虚拟语气 句型结构 过去虚拟 现在虚拟 将来虚拟 if only引导的条件句及感叹句 had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形 as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句 had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形 It is (high) time that... 过去式或“should＋动词原形” 考点一 表示“能力”的情态动词 例1. ________ you help me move the table upstairs? A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Need 考点二 表示“可能性”的情态动词 例2. I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. It ________ be true because there was little snow there. A. can’t B. may not C. won’t D. mustn’t 考点三 表示“建议”的情态动词 例3. We ________ eat too much roast food as it may do harm to our health. A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. had better not D. might not 考点四 表示“必要性”的情态动词 例4. You ________ see a doctor because you have got a high fever. A. will B. must C. may D. might 考点五 表示“请求”或“许可”的情态动词 例5. Every one of us ________ always breathe the same breath and share the same future as the people. A. might B. should C. could 考点六 情态动词+have done sth. 例6 Judging from the way he’s laughing and chatting with people, Tom ________ the game. A. needn’t have won B. couldn’t have won C. must have won D. would have won 考点七 虚拟语气在条件句中的使用 例7 If it ________(be) not for his determination, he would not have completed the marathon. 考点八 虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的使用 例8. Don't come tonight, I would rather you ________ tomorrow. A. come B. came C. will come D. coming 考点九. 虚拟语气在名词性从句等特定句型中的使用 例9 It’s vital that we ________(be) present. I. 单项选择 1. —The telephone line to the headmaster is always busy. —Someone ________ the telephone. A. need use B. should use C. must be using D. must use 2. Traffic lights are important. When the red light is on, you ________ cross the street. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. wouldn’t 3. According to the rules of the shopping mall, you ________ keep your pet out of the gate. A. would B. should C. may D. can 4. You ________ take photos of people in Egypt without first asking for permission. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. don’t have to D. wouldn’t 5. You don’t look well, you ________ see a doctor. A. ought to B. may C. can D. might 6. — I want someone to write the composition for me. — No! It’s a rule in our school that as a student, you ________ depend on yourself. A. shall B. will C. can D. should 7. —Shall I tell Mike about it? —No, you ________. He’s already been told. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. don’t 8. When I was young, I was told that I ________ play with fire. A. needn't B. was not able to C. daren't D. mustn't 9. Mary’s bedroom is so tidy. She ________ have cleaned it last night. A. can B. need C. must D. should 10. I ________ there so early because she didn't come until 10. A. didn't need to get B. couldn't have got C. needn't have got D. mustn't have got 11. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday; I ________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. shouldn't have taken B. couldn't have taken C. needn't have taken D. mustn't have taken 12. Jenny ________ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must B. should C. need D. would 13. Using AI， many companies are now conducting experiments that________ possible just a few years ago. A. would have been B. might have been C. shouldn't have been D. couldn't have been 14. __ I do not know  what I ________ without the suitcase you lent me. __ Glad to have been of some help to you. A. would have done B. would do C. should have done D. should do 15. I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. can’t B. dare not C. needn’t D. may not 16. — Come and join us, Ben! — I’m afraid I can’t. I’m too busy now. If I ________ time, I would certainly go. A. had B. will have C. have had D. have 17. ________ Tom hadn’t hurt his foot, he would won the race. A. If B. Since C. Though D. When 18. Be careful! Don’t take the vase ________ it were made of steel. A. as long as B. as soon as C. as if D. once 19. It is demanded that the plan ________ out as soon as possible. A. must be carried B. is to carry C. carried D. be carried 20. My mother insisted that he________ to the doctor at once when my brother got bitten by the neighbor’s dog that day. A. went B. go C. goes D. going ( 7 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$