专题03 介词和动词（知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）-【学考必备】2025年高中英语学业水平合格性考试总复习（江苏专用）

专题03 介词和动词 目录 明晰学考要求 基础知识梳理 考点精讲讲练 考点一　表示方位的介词 考点二　表示时间的介词 考点三　表示原因的介词 考点四　其他重要的介词 考点五　常见的介词短语 考点六　及物动词和不及物动词 考点七　常见的动词短语 实战能力训练 考点一　方位的介词 ①across指从较为平坦的表面穿过。 ②through指从立体的事物中间穿过。 ③to指到某处，去某处。 ④under在……下面，无接触面。 ⑤in在……里面。 ⑥into到……里面。 ⑦over在……正上方无接触面；on在……上面有接触面。 ⑧around在/向……周围。 ⑨beneath在……下面有接触面。 ⑩beside在……旁边。 ⑪out of在……外面。 ⑫from从……。 ⑬beyond 在/向……较远的一边，超出。 考点二　时间的介词 ①on指在具体的某一天。 ②in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前，或者指上/下午或晚上。 ③at用在几点钟或night/noon之前。 ④in也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”。 ⑤before在……之前。 ⑥until直到……时候。 ⑦during在……期间。 ⑧for表示延续一段时间。 ⑨over表示“在……期间”，表延续。 考点三　原因的介词 ①for表示原因，后面可以加名词(词组)或句子。 ②at/over用在表示情绪的形容词之后，后面加名词(词组)。 ③with用在表示情绪的名词之前。 ④because of/owing to/due to/thanks to之后不加陈述句，加名词(短语)/名词性从句。 考点四　其他重要介词 ①between表示两者之间。 ②for表示支持。 ③against表示反对。 ④by表示“借助/通过……”，也可以表示“被……”。 ⑤despite表示尽管，等于in spite of。 ⑥among表示在三者或三者以上中。 ⑦besides表示除此之外还。 ⑧within表示在……范围之内。 ⑨except表示同类事物除外。 ⑩except for表示与整体陈述相对的细节修补。 考点五 常见介词短语 1.介词和动词搭配 call for需要；要求　　　　　　　 pass by经过 pay for为……付款 figure out弄清楚 apply for申请 dream of梦想 search for寻找，搜索 refer to提及；参考 begin with以……开始 contribute to贡献；有助于；促成 play with同……一起玩；玩弄 laugh at嘲笑 care about关心；介意 focus on集中于 feel like想要 charge...for...索费 hold up举起 exchange...for...用……来交换…… rely on依靠 go back to追溯到 2. 介词与名词构成的搭配 ①at开头的介词短语 at a loss不知所措　　　 at the cost of以……的代价 at peace处于和平状态 at the risk of冒……的危险 at war处于战争状态 at the mercy of在……支配下；由……摆布 at the same time同时 ②on开头的介词短语 on exhibition/show在展出　 on account of因为 on fire着火 on average平均；一般地 on sale出售，打折 on behalf of代表 on no account/condition决不 on the decrease/increase在减少/在增加 on holiday/vacation在度假 ③by开头的介词短语 by accident偶然地　　　 by hand手工 by mistake错误地 by chance偶然 by the day按天算 by coincidence碰巧 by nature天生地 ④in开头的介词短语 in cash用现金付款　　　 in charge of掌管…… in depth在深度上 in return作为回报 in detail详细地 in danger (of) 在危险中，垂危 in height在高度上 in spite of尽管 in length在长度上 in exchange for作为交换 in favor of支持，赞成 in no time立刻 in case of万一；如果；假使 in no way决不 in support of为支持…… in place of代替 in honour of为向……表示敬意 in possession of拥有，占有 in memory of为了纪念…… in addition to另外 in the middle of在……中间 ⑤of+n.表示特征(等于相应的形容词) of benefit有益处的　　　　 of significance有意义的 of help有帮助的 of use有用的 of importance重要的 of value有价值的 ⑥out of+n.表示状态 out of balance失去平衡 out of order发生故障 out of breath上气不接下气 out of sight看不见 out of control失去控制 out of the question不可能 out of date过期 out of work失业 ⑦under+n.表示被动 under attack遭到袭击　　 under treatment在治疗中 under pressure在压力下 under control处于控制之中 ⑧with+n.表示方式 with delight/joy高兴地 with fear害怕地 with difficulty困难地 with pleasure乐意地 with ease轻而易举地 ⑨beyond+n.表示“超出……，难以……” beyond compare无与伦比 beyond description难以描述 beyond reach够不到 beyond expression/words难以表达 3.介词和形容词,过去分词搭配 be made of 由……制成 be angry with sb. 生某人的气 be angry at sth. 为某事生气 be pleased with 对……感到满意 be satisfied with sth. 对某事感到满意 be surprised at 对……感到惊讶 be tired of 对……感到厌烦 be interested in 对……感兴趣 【特别提示】介词的省略 1. 当表示时间的词前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等时，介词常省略。 2. 表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一……”讲时，其前不用介词。 3. 习惯搭配中介词的省略 一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略，常见的此类搭配有spend some time (in) doing sth.，waste some time (in) doing sth.，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.，be busy (in) doing sth.，stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth.等。 4. 在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能遗漏。 5. 当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。 6. 在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须加上介词。 We watched an exciting football match last week.上周我们看了一场激动人心的足球赛。 Come any day you like.你想哪天来就哪天来。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.每天一个苹果，医生远离我。 I had great difficulty (in) finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.在那家餐厅里我很难在菜单上找到合适的食物。 The children have been taken good care of in the kindergarten.这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。 The problem is well worth paying attention to.这个问题很值得关注。 The library which we often go to is not far away from our school.我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。 考点六 及物动词和不及物动词 1. 有些及物动词后面可以跟双宾语，构成vt.+sb.+sth.结构，如： award(授予)，buy(买)，give(给)，leave(留下)，lend(借出)，offer(提供)，pay(付款)，show(展示)，teach(教)，tell(告诉)，bring(带来)，pass(传递)，sell(销售)，send(送给)，write(给某人写信)，envy(嫉妒)，refuse(拒绝)，save(挽救)，spare(节省)等 2. 不及物动词不可以直接加宾语而且无被动语态。如果一个动词是不及物动词，则考查点不会是被动语态。常见不及物动词有agree，go，work，listen，look，come，die，belong，fall，exist，rise，arrive，sit，sail，hurry，fail，succeed，run，swim，stand，sleep，lie等。如： My father (work) in a computer company (lie) in the east of our city for 5 years. 因为work是不及物动词无被动语态，所以只能考查work的主动形式，根据后面的for 5 years 可知，应该填现在完成时，所以是has worked。 另外，lie是不及物动词，所以不可能是被动形式，只能是主动形式作定语，所以填lying。 3. 如果被考查动词为及物动词，而且后面有宾语，则要考查其主动形式，如果后面没有宾语，则很可能考查其被动形式。 Many doctors were needed in Wuhan when COVID-19 broke out. 因为need是及物动词，其后无宾语，所以考查的是它的被动形式。根据题意，此处用were needed。 4. 非延续性动词不可与时间段连用。如： 讲座已经开始半个小时了。 The lecture has began for half an hour.× The lecture has been on for half an hour.√ 【归纳拓展】 1.“动词+sb.+of+sth.”的常见动词： accuse sb. of sth. 指责某人某事 cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病 rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物 cheat sb. of sth. 欺骗某人某物 remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的东西 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信 suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事 2. “动词+sb. + for doing sth.”的常见动词： blame sb.for doing sth.指责某人做某事 批评某人做某事 原谅某人做某事 punish sb. for doing sth. 惩罚某人做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事 3. “动词+sb./sth.+from doing sth.”的常见动词： prevent/stop/keep sb./sth.from doing sth. 阻止某人/物做某事 protect/preserve/defend/shelter sb./sth.from (being) done保护某人/物免于被…… ban/prohibit sb./sth.from doing 禁止某人/物做某事 考点七 动词短语 Bring的短语 bring in引进；挣得 bring about引起，导致 bring up养育，培养；提出 bring down降低；使倒下 bring back把……带回来；使恢复 bring forward提出；提前 break的短语 break down抛锚；(身体、精神)垮掉；(谈判等)失败；(化学)分解 break up打碎；关系结束；解散 break through逾越，突破；冲破 break away (from)挣脱，脱离 break out爆发 break in打断，闯入 break off折断；中断 break into 破门而入 come的短语 come about发生 come out出版；开花；(太阳、月亮)出来 come on加油；快点 come across偶遇；被理解 come true变为现实 come up走近；被提出 come up with想出，提出 come along一起来 carry的短语 carry on继续，坚持 carry out执行 carry through帮助渡过难关；完成，实现 get短语 get across传达，使理解 get along/on (with)进展，相处 get away逃脱，设法离开 get down下来；下车 get in收割；到达 get off下车；下班 get up起床 get through 接通；通过；完成；度过；使理解 get down to开始认真干 get over克服 give短语 give up放弃 give in 屈服；呈交 give out耗尽；分发 give away泄露；赠送 give off发出 give back归还；使恢复 go的短语 go against违背 go without(没有……)勉强维持，凑合 go in for爱好；参加考试(或竞赛) go on继续 go over复习；仔细审查 go ahead 进行；去做吧，拿去用吧 go through经历 go away走开 go for去取来或接来；争取得到 go out出去；熄灭 hold短语 hold on to坚持，抓住不放 hold back阻碍(某人发展)；抑制(情感) hold on别挂断，等会儿；坚持 keep短语 keep away (from)使远离 keep off避免吃(或喝、吸)……；使不接近；回避某话题 keep on继续 keep out挡在外边；(警示语)请勿靠近 keep up保持(高昂情绪)，不低落；持续 keep up with紧跟上 look短语 look ahead向前看 look after照看；负责处理 look back回忆，回顾 look out 当心，提防；找出 look up向上看；查阅；形势好转 look down upon看不起 look forward to盼望 look through浏览；快速查看 look into调查；向内看 look around环视；游览 make短语 make up编造；化妆；组成，构成；弥补 be made up of 由……构成 make up for补偿，弥补 make out 辨认出(看出、听出)；理解 put put down放下来；平定，镇压；记下 put aside把……放到一边；储存 put away把……收起来；储蓄 put forward提出(计划、建议)；拨快；提前 put off延期，推迟 put on穿戴；上演；增加 put out扑灭 put up建造；举起；张贴；为……提供住宿 put up with容忍 send短语 send for派人去请 send out发送；发出(请柬、信号等) set短语 set off出发；引爆 set out出发；动身；着手做 set up创建，建立；竖起 set about开始做；着手做 set aside留出；把……放在一边；不理会 set apart使与众不同 set down让(乘客)下车；写下；记下 take短语 take in吸收；理解；欺骗；收容 take up从事；拿起；占据(时间或空间) take off 飞机起飞；脱下 take place发生 take along随身携带 take away带走，拿走 take charge负责，掌管 take on呈现；雇用；承担 take out拿出；带……出去 take over 接管，接任 turn短语 turn away转身，走开 turn out结果是；生产 turn down拒绝；调小 turn on打开；取决于 turn off 关掉 turn over打翻；翻身 turn in 上交(作业等) turn into变成；成为 turn to求助于；翻到 turn up调大；出现 考点一 方位的介词 I will go to the cinema this Saturday, Would you like to go ________ me? A. with B. at C. in D. of 考点二 时间的介词 Chengdu held the 31st World University Games ________ the summer of 2023. A. at B. for C. in D. on 考点三 原因的介词 Although this medicine can cure you ________ your illness, it has a bad effect ________ you. A. for; in B. for; on C. of; on D. of; at 考点四 其他重要的介词 It was nice ________ John to lend George the money. A. of B. for C. to D. towards 考点五 常见的介词短语 Imagination grows by exercise and, ________ common sense, is more powerful in adulthood than in childhood. A. as to B. according to C. due to D. contrary to 考点六 及物动词和不及物动词 Would you please ________ Kate ________ my best wishes to everybody ? A. tell ; give B. telling ;giving C. tell ;to give D. say; gives 考点七 常见的动词短语 With great efforts of the peace-loving people all over the world, people of the country ________ the war. A. survived B. survived from C. survival D. survived to I. 单项选择 1. The girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Speech Contest. A. by B. on C. with D. in 2. If you always compare yourself ________ others, you won’t feel happy. A. in B. by C. of D. with 3. She was the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize in recognition of her work. A. to honor her work B. to identify her at work C. to give money for her work D. to support her achievement 4. I’ve always wanted to improve my cooking skills, so recently when I saw an advertisement for a cooking class, I decided to sign up for it. A. teach the cooking class B. take the cooking course C. design an advertisement for the class D. write down the name of the advertisement 5. Dunhuang is famous ________ its wonderful cave paintings. A. in B. to C. for D. with 6. Jane's father encouraged her to make friends ________ her new classmates. A. to B. for C. on D. with 7. More and more young people are fond ________ playing tennis nowadays. A. on B. to C. in D. of 8. —Jack, I’m busy now. Could you get the prize for me? —Sorry, everyone is supposed to get it ________. A. in person B. in surprise C. in public D. in trouble 9. He has an advantage ________ others because he has relevant working experience. A. over B. against C. with D. than 10. You are not to take photos in the museum ________ permission. A. with B. for C. by D. without 11. Mary is interested ________ playing football. A. for B. with C. to D. in 12. --Who ________ the project last week? --The boss left the work ________ Jack while he was away on business. A. took charge of; in the charge of B. took charge of; in charge of C. in charge of; in the charge D. in the charge of; in charge of 13. If everyone puts in a bit more effort, the task will be finished ________. A. once upon a time B. at one time C. ahead of time D. up to now 14. ________ all their differences, the couple have developed a genuine affection for each other. A. But for B. Instead of C. Despite D. Although 15. ________ the traffic jam, I arrived at the airport too late. The plane had left when I got there. A. Instead of B. In addition to C. By means of D. Due to 16. With danger drawing near, we must all keep ________ until we know it is safe to relax. A. on guard B. as usual C. in order D. in mind 17. Jenny narrowly missed the flight ________ oversleeping in the morning. A. as for B. up to C. due to D. but for 18. I found her letter ________ as I was looking through my files. A. by accident B. by design C. by mistake D. by force 19. ________ advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly. A. In response to B. Thanks to C. Speaking to D. Talking to 20. The weather report says the rain will ________ until the end of next week. A. keep B. stay C. last D. move 21. A number of traditions ________ celebrated in China during the Spring Festival every year. A. is B. was C. are D. were 22. It was a pity that he ________ blind, but to the joy of his family, his dream of becoming a musician ________ true at last. A. came; came B. went; went C. came; went D. went; came II.单句语法填空 1. When the game ended our coach hit Paul ________ the shoulder, saying, “you’ve just earned your place on the team, big guy!” 2. The boy traded his toy car ________ a book in the secondhand store yesterday. 3. Xu Yi was learning English ________ an exchange student in the UK. 4. Why not go and borrow some money ________ her? 5. There is no better way to see what you are capable ________. 6. I also play computer games from time ________ time and I even play tennis on my television screen in my living room! 7. He froze in ________(amaze) at the poetic landscape. 8. For more than 50 years, he has devoted his life ________ rice production. 9. The novel is made up ________ ten stories. 10. She is so absorbed in the film that she’s unable to distinguish imagination ________ reality. ( 13 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 介词和动词 目录 明晰学考要求 。 基础知识梳理 。 考点精讲讲练 。 考点一　表示方位的介词 考点二　表示时间的介词 考点三　表示原因的介词 考点四　其他重要的介词 考点五　常见的介词短语 考点六　及物动词和不及物动词 考点七　常见的动词短语 实战能力训练 考点一　方位的介词 ①across指从较为平坦的表面穿过。 ②through指从立体的事物中间穿过。 ③to指到某处，去某处。 ④under在……下面，无接触面。 ⑤in在……里面。 ⑥into到……里面。 ⑦over在……正上方无接触面；on在……上面有接触面。 ⑧around在/向……周围。 ⑨beneath在……下面有接触面。 ⑩beside在……旁边。 ⑪out of在……外面。 ⑫from从……。 ⑬beyond 在/向……较远的一边，超出。 考点二　时间的介词 ①on指在具体的某一天。 ②in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前，或者指上/下午或晚上。 ③at用在几点钟或night/noon之前。 ④in也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”。 ⑤before在……之前。 ⑥until直到……时候。 ⑦during在……期间。 ⑧for表示延续一段时间。 ⑨over表示“在……期间”，表延续。 考点三　原因的介词 ①for表示原因，后面可以加名词(词组)或句子。 ②at/over用在表示情绪的形容词之后，后面加名词(词组)。 ③with用在表示情绪的名词之前。 ④because of/owing to/due to/thanks to之后不加陈述句，加名词(短语)/名词性从句。 考点四　其他重要介词 ①between表示两者之间。 ②for表示支持。 ③against表示反对。 ④by表示“借助/通过……”，也可以表示“被……”。 ⑤despite表示尽管，等于in spite of。 ⑥among表示在三者或三者以上中。 ⑦besides表示除此之外还。 ⑧within表示在……范围之内。 ⑨except表示同类事物除外。 ⑩except for表示与整体陈述相对的细节修补。 考点五 常见介词短语 1.介词和动词搭配 call for需要；要求　　　　　　　 pass by经过 pay for为……付款 figure out弄清楚 apply for申请 dream of梦想 search for寻找，搜索 refer to提及；参考 begin with以……开始 contribute to贡献；有助于；促成 play with同……一起玩；玩弄 laugh at嘲笑 care about关心；介意 focus on集中于 feel like想要 charge...for...索费 hold up举起 exchange...for...用……来交换…… rely on依靠 go back to追溯到 2. 介词与名词构成的搭配 ①at开头的介词短语 at a loss不知所措　　　 at the cost of以……的代价 at peace处于和平状态 at the risk of冒……的危险 at war处于战争状态 at the mercy of在……支配下；由……摆布 at the same time同时 ②on开头的介词短语 on exhibition/show在展出　 on account of因为 on fire着火 on average平均；一般地 on sale出售，打折 on behalf of代表 on no account/condition决不 on the decrease/increase在减少/在增加 on holiday/vacation在度假 ③by开头的介词短语 by accident偶然地　　　 by hand手工 by mistake错误地 by chance偶然 by the day按天算 by coincidence碰巧 by nature天生地 ④in开头的介词短语 in cash用现金付款　　　 in charge of掌管…… in depth在深度上 in return作为回报 in detail详细地 in danger (of) 在危险中，垂危 in height在高度上 in spite of尽管 in length在长度上 in exchange for作为交换 in favor of支持，赞成 in no time立刻 in case of万一；如果；假使 in no way决不 in support of为支持…… in place of代替 in honour of为向……表示敬意 in possession of拥有，占有 in memory of为了纪念…… in addition to另外 in the middle of在……中间 ⑤of+n.表示特征(等于相应的形容词) of benefit有益处的　　　　 of significance有意义的 of help有帮助的 of use有用的 of importance重要的 of value有价值的 ⑥out of+n.表示状态 out of balance失去平衡 out of order发生故障 out of breath上气不接下气 out of sight看不见 out of control失去控制 out of the question不可能 out of date过期 out of work失业 ⑦under+n.表示被动 under attack遭到袭击　　 under treatment在治疗中 under pressure在压力下 under control处于控制之中 ⑧with+n.表示方式 with delight/joy高兴地 with fear害怕地 with difficulty困难地 with pleasure乐意地 with ease轻而易举地 ⑨beyond+n.表示“超出……，难以……” beyond compare无与伦比 beyond description难以描述 beyond reach够不到 beyond expression/words难以表达 3.介词和形容词,过去分词搭配 be made of 由……制成 be angry with sb. 生某人的气 be angry at sth. 为某事生气 be pleased with 对……感到满意 be satisfied with sth. 对某事感到满意 be surprised at 对……感到惊讶 be tired of 对……感到厌烦 be interested in 对……感兴趣 【特别提示】介词的省略 1. 当表示时间的词前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等时，介词常省略。 2. 表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一……”讲时，其前不用介词。 3. 习惯搭配中介词的省略 一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略，常见的此类搭配有spend some time (in) doing sth.，waste some time (in) doing sth.，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.，be busy (in) doing sth.，stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth.等。 4. 在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能遗漏。 5. 当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。 6. 在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须加上介词。 We watched an exciting football match last week.上周我们看了一场激动人心的足球赛。 Come any day you like.你想哪天来就哪天来。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.每天一个苹果，医生远离我。 I had great difficulty (in) finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.在那家餐厅里我很难在菜单上找到合适的食物。 The children have been taken good care of in the kindergarten.这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。 The problem is well worth paying attention to.这个问题很值得关注。 The library which we often go to is not far away from our school.我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。 考点六 及物动词和不及物动词 1. 有些及物动词后面可以跟双宾语，构成vt.+sb.+sth.结构，如： award(授予)，buy(买)，give(给)，leave(留下)，lend(借出)，offer(提供)，pay(付款)，show(展示)，teach(教)，tell(告诉)，bring(带来)，pass(传递)，sell(销售)，send(送给)，write(给某人写信)，envy(嫉妒)，refuse(拒绝)，save(挽救)，spare(节省)等 2. 不及物动词不可以直接加宾语而且无被动语态。如果一个动词是不及物动词，则考查点不会是被动语态。常见不及物动词有agree，go，work，listen，look，come，die，belong，fall，exist，rise，arrive，sit，sail，hurry，fail，succeed，run，swim，stand，sleep，lie等。如： My father (work) in a computer company (lie) in the east of our city for 5 years. 因为work是不及物动词无被动语态，所以只能考查work的主动形式，根据后面的for 5 years 可知，应该填现在完成时，所以是has worked。 另外，lie是不及物动词，所以不可能是被动形式，只能是主动形式作定语，所以填lying。 3. 如果被考查动词为及物动词，而且后面有宾语，则要考查其主动形式，如果后面没有宾语，则很可能考查其被动形式。 Many doctors were needed in Wuhan when COVID-19 broke out. 因为need是及物动词，其后无宾语，所以考查的是它的被动形式。根据题意，此处用were needed。 4. 非延续性动词不可与时间段连用。如： 讲座已经开始半个小时了。 The lecture has began for half an hour.× The lecture has been on for half an hour.√ 【归纳拓展】 1.“动词+sb.+of+sth.”的常见动词： accuse sb. of sth. 指责某人某事 cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病 rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物 cheat sb. of sth. 欺骗某人某物 remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的东西 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信 suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事 2. “动词+sb. + for doing sth.”的常见动词： blame sb.for doing sth.指责某人做某事 批评某人做某事 原谅某人做某事 punish sb. for doing sth. 惩罚某人做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事 3. “动词+sb./sth.+from doing sth.”的常见动词： prevent/stop/keep sb./sth.from doing sth. 阻止某人/物做某事 protect/preserve/defend/shelter sb./sth.from (being) done保护某人/物免于被…… ban/prohibit sb./sth.from doing 禁止某人/物做某事 考点七 动词短语 Bring的短语 bring in引进；挣得 bring about引起，导致 bring up养育，培养；提出 bring down降低；使倒下 bring back把……带回来；使恢复 bring forward提出；提前 break的短语 break down抛锚；(身体、精神)垮掉；(谈判等)失败；(化学)分解 break up打碎；关系结束；解散 break through逾越，突破；冲破 break away (from)挣脱，脱离 break out爆发 break in打断，闯入 break off折断；中断 break into 破门而入 come的短语 come about发生 come out出版；开花；(太阳、月亮)出来 come on加油；快点 come across偶遇；被理解 come true变为现实 come up走近；被提出 come up with想出，提出 come along一起来 carry的短语 carry on继续，坚持 carry out执行 carry through帮助渡过难关；完成，实现 get短语 get across传达，使理解 get along/on (with)进展，相处 get away逃脱，设法离开 get down下来；下车 get in收割；到达 get off下车；下班 get up起床 get through 接通；通过；完成；度过；使理解 get down to开始认真干 get over克服 give短语 give up放弃 give in 屈服；呈交 give out耗尽；分发 give away泄露；赠送 give off发出 give back归还；使恢复 go的短语 go against违背 go without(没有……)勉强维持，凑合 go in for爱好；参加考试(或竞赛) go on继续 go over复习；仔细审查 go ahead 进行；去做吧，拿去用吧 go through经历 go away走开 go for去取来或接来；争取得到 go out出去；熄灭 hold短语 hold on to坚持，抓住不放 hold back阻碍(某人发展)；抑制(情感) hold on别挂断，等会儿；坚持 keep短语 keep away (from)使远离 keep off避免吃(或喝、吸)……；使不接近；回避某话题 keep on继续 keep out挡在外边；(警示语)请勿靠近 keep up保持(高昂情绪)，不低落；持续 keep up with紧跟上 look短语 look ahead向前看 look after照看；负责处理 look back回忆，回顾 look out 当心，提防；找出 look up向上看；查阅；形势好转 look down upon看不起 look forward to盼望 look through浏览；快速查看 look into调查；向内看 look around环视；游览 make短语 make up编造；化妆；组成，构成；弥补 be made up of 由……构成 make up for补偿，弥补 make out 辨认出(看出、听出)；理解 put put down放下来；平定，镇压；记下 put aside把……放到一边；储存 put away把……收起来；储蓄 put forward提出(计划、建议)；拨快；提前 put off延期，推迟 put on穿戴；上演；增加 put out扑灭 put up建造；举起；张贴；为……提供住宿 put up with容忍 send短语 send for派人去请 send out发送；发出(请柬、信号等) set短语 set off出发；引爆 set out出发；动身；着手做 set up创建，建立；竖起 set about开始做；着手做 set aside留出；把……放在一边；不理会 set apart使与众不同 set down让(乘客)下车；写下；记下 take短语 take in吸收；理解；欺骗；收容 take up从事；拿起；占据(时间或空间) take off 飞机起飞；脱下 take place发生 take along随身携带 take away带走，拿走 take charge负责，掌管 take on呈现；雇用；承担 take out拿出；带……出去 take over 接管，接任 turn短语 turn away转身，走开 turn out结果是；生产 turn down拒绝；调小 turn on打开；取决于 turn off 关掉 turn over打翻；翻身 turn in 上交(作业等) turn into变成；成为 turn to求助于；翻到 turn up调大；出现 考点一 方位的介词 I will go to the cinema this Saturday, Would you like to go ________ me? A. with B. at C. in D. of 【答案】A 【详解】考查介词。句意：我这周六要去看电影，你想和我一起去吗？A. with和某人/某物在一起；B. at在具体的地方，在具体的时间；C. in在……里；D. of属于某人/某物。由句意“你是否愿意和我一起去”可知，此空应填with。故选A项。 考点二 时间的介词 Chengdu held the 31st World University Games ________ the summer of 2023. A. at B. for C. in D. on 【答案】C 【详解】考查介词。句意：成都于2023年夏季举办了第31届世界大学生运动会。季节前一般用介词in。故选C。 考点三 原因的介词 Although this medicine can cure you ________ your illness, it has a bad effect ________ you. A. for; in B. for; on C. of; on D. of; at 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：尽管这种药可以治你的病，但它有很不好的副作用。cure sb of sth. 治疗某人某种疾病，have an effect on对……有影响，故选C。 考点四 其他重要的介词 It was nice ________ John to lend George the money. A. of B. for C. to D. towards 【答案】A 【详解】考查介词。句意：约翰真是太好了，把钱借给了乔治。It’s +adj.+ of/for sb.句型中，当表语形容词形容sb. 的性质，身份或特征的话，用of，如：It is kind of you to help me with my English.，kind是表明“you”这个人好；如果表语形容词是形容to do sth.的，比如：It is impossible for you to arrive within ten minutes.，impossible是形容to arrive within ten minutes这件事“不可能”，就用for。nice是形容John的品质，故用of。 考点五 常见的介词短语 Imagination grows by exercise and, ________ common sense, is more powerful in adulthood than in childhood. A. as to B. according to C. due to D. contrary to 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：与常识相反，想象随着锻炼而增加，且比起童年时代来，在成年时代更有力量。 A. as to关于，至于；B. according to根据；C. due to因为；    D. contrary to与……相反。结合句意可知，此处用“与……相反”符合应，故选D项。 考点六 及物动词和不及物动词 Would you please ________ Kate ________ my best wishes to everybody ? A. tell ; give B. telling ;giving C. tell ;to give D. say; gives 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词。句意：你能告诉凯特向大家致以我最好的祝福吗？ Would you please do sth.？“请你做某事可以吗？”是固定句型，tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”，综上，故选C。 考点七 常见的动词短语 With great efforts of the peace-loving people all over the world, people of the country ________ the war. A. survived B. survived from C. survival D. survived to 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词(短语)词义辨析。句意：在全球爱好和平的人们努力下，这个国家的人们幸免于战争之苦。A. survived幸存，幸免于难；B. survived from从……存活下来；C. survival生存，存活；D. survived to活到。分析可知，所选词应是动词担当句子的谓语，结合空后的“the war”可知，应是表达“在战争中幸免于难”，选项A“survived”可表达“幸存，幸免于难，艰难度过”含义，且为及物动词，可直接接名词作宾语，之后无需介词。故选A项。 I. 单项选择 1. The girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Speech Contest. A. by B. on C. with D. in 【答案】C 【详解】考查介词的用法。句意：长着蓝眼睛的女孩获得了第五届演讲大赛的一等奖。by表示采用某种方式或手段；on在……上；with表示表示“随身携带”，“本来带有”；in在……里。这里表示“具有”，用介词with，故选C项。 2. If you always compare yourself ________ others, you won’t feel happy. A. in B. by C. of D. with 【答案】D 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：如果你总是拿你自己和别人比较，那么你将不会感到开心。compare sth./sb. with sth./sb.，把什么和什么进行比较，故选D。 3. She was the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize in recognition of her work. A. to honor her work B. to identify her at work C. to give money for her work D. to support her achievement 【答案】A 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：她是第一位获得诺贝尔奖以表彰其工作的中国女科学家。画线部分in recognition of her work.表示“表彰她的工作”。A. to honor her work为了奖励她的工作；B. to identify her at work为了辨认她的工作；C. to give money for her work因为她的工作给予金钱；D. to support her achievement为了支持她的成就。根据句意可知，画线部分与A项意思相近，故选A。 4. I’ve always wanted to improve my cooking skills, so recently when I saw an advertisement for a cooking class, I decided to sign up for it. A. teach the cooking class B. take the cooking course C. design an advertisement for the class D. write down the name of the advertisement 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我一直想提高我的烹饪技能，所以最近当我看到一个烹饪班的广告时，我决定报名参加。由“I’ve always wanted to improve my cooking skills”和“advertisement for a cooking class”可知，句子表示“我一直想提高我的烹饪技能，所以最近当我看到一个烹饪班的广告时，我决定报名参加”，sign up for it的意思是“报名参加这个课程”，也就是读这个烹饪课程，即take the cooking course。故选B。 5. Dunhuang is famous ________ its wonderful cave paintings. A. in B. to C. for D. with 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：敦煌以其美妙的洞穴绘画而闻名。be famous for“因……而出名”是固定搭配，符合句意。故填for。 6. Jane's father encouraged her to make friends ________ her new classmates. A. to B. for C. on D. with 【答案】D 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：简的父亲鼓励她和新同学交朋友。句中make friends with sb为固定短语，意为“和某人交朋友”。故用with。故选D。 7. More and more young people are fond ________ playing tennis nowadays. A. on B. to C. in D. of 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：现在越来越多的年轻人喜欢打网球。be fond of (喜欢)。故选D项。 8. —Jack, I’m busy now. Could you get the prize for me? —Sorry, everyone is supposed to get it ________. A. in person B. in surprise C. in public D. in trouble 【答案】A 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：——杰克，我现在在忙。你能帮我拿奖品吗？——抱歉，每个人都应该亲自去拿。A. in person本人，亲自；B. in surprise惊讶地；C. in public公开地；D. in trouble处于困境中。结合语意，后者说抱歉，即不能帮前者拿奖品，原因是每个人都应该亲自去拿。故选A项。 9. He has an advantage ________ others because he has relevant working experience. A. over B. against C. with D. than 【答案】A 【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：他比别人有优势，因为他有相关的工作经验。 A.over超过；B.against反对；C.with与……一起；D.than比。have an advantage over sb.“比……有优势”是固定短语。故选A。 10. You are not to take photos in the museum ________ permission. A. with B. for C. by D. without 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词辨析。句意：未经允许，你不能在博物馆里拍照。根据句意，此处考查介词短语without permission，意为“未经许可”，作状语。故选D项。 11. Mary is interested ________ playing football. A. for B. with C. to D. in 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词。句意：Mary对踢足球非常感兴趣。根据句意及空格前is interested，可知此处考查短语be interested in(对...感兴趣的)。故选D项。 12. --Who ________ the project last week? --The boss left the work ________ Jack while he was away on business. A. took charge of; in the charge of B. took charge of; in charge of C. in charge of; in the charge D. in the charge of; in charge of 【答案】A 【详解】考查短语。句意：——上周谁负责这个项目?——老板把杰克出差期间的工作交给他负责。take charge of负责，掌管；in charge of负责，主管；in the charge of由……负责；被……主管。第一句缺少谓语动词，所以用动词短语。根据时间状语last week可知，用一般过去时。第二句表示“工作由杰克负责”，所以用介词短语in the charge of。故选A。 13. If everyone puts in a bit more effort, the task will be finished ________. A. once upon a time B. at one time C. ahead of time D. up to now 【答案】C 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果每个人都多努力一点，任务就会提前完成。A. once upon a time从前；B. at one time曾经；C. ahead of time提前；D. up to now到现在为止。由上文If everyone puts in a bit more effort可知，这样做任务就会提前(ahead of time)完成。故选C项。 14. ________ all their differences, the couple have developed a genuine affection for each other. A. But for B. Instead of C. Despite D. Although 【答案】C 【详解】考查介词辨析。句意：尽管他们之间存在种种分歧，但这对夫妇彼此之间却产生了真挚的感情。选项A.but for 但对于 ；B.instead of 而不是； C.Despite 尽管 ；D.Although即使。根据后半句，夫妇之间有真挚的感情，与前半句的分歧存在让步关系，故选择C。 15. ________ the traffic jam, I arrived at the airport too late. The plane had left when I got there. A. Instead of B. In addition to C. By means of D. Due to 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于交通堵塞，我到机场已经很迟了。当我到那儿飞机已经起飞了。A. Instead of代替，而非； B. In addition to除......之外；C. By means of 通过......方法；D. Due to由于。结合语境可知，此处是指迟到是由于交通堵塞。故选D。 16. With danger drawing near, we must all keep ________ until we know it is safe to relax. A. on guard B. as usual C. in order D. in mind 【答案】A 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：危险正在迫近，我们必须保持警惕，直到我们知道是安全的才能放松。A.on guard警惕； B.as usual像往常一样； C.in order整齐，秩序井然；D.in mind记住。根据“With danger drawing near”可知，危险正在迫近，所以keep on guard意为“保持警惕” ，符合语境，故选A。 17. Jenny narrowly missed the flight ________ oversleeping in the morning. A. as for B. up to C. due to D. but for 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：由于早上睡过头，Jenny差点错过航班。A. as for至于；B. up to由……决定，一直到；C. due to由于，因为；D. but for要不是，如果没有。根据前后文语境可知，Jenny差点错过航班，是由于早上睡过头，应用due to。故选C。 18. I found her letter ________ as I was looking through my files. A. by accident B. by design C. by mistake D. by force 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我在翻查档案时，意外地发现了她的信。A. by accident意外，偶然；B. by design故意地；C. by mistake错误地；D. by force强迫地，靠武力。结合后文“as I was looking through my files”可知是指在翻查档案时，意外地发现了她的信。故选A。 19. ________ advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly. A. In response to B. Thanks to C. Speaking to D. Talking to 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：由于科技的进步，我们如何交朋友以及如何与他们交流已经发生了重大改变。A. In response to对……的回应；B. Thanks to由于；C. Speaking to对……说；D. Talking to与……谈话。分析句子可知，两个句子是因果关系，故选B。 20. The weather report says the rain will ________ until the end of next week. A. keep B. stay C. last D. move 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：天气预报说雨将持续到下周末。A.keep保持；B.stay停留；保持；C.last持续；D.move移动。根据“until the end of next week.”可知，天气预报说雨将持续到下周末。故选C项。 21. A number of traditions ________ celebrated in China during the Spring Festival every year. A. is B. was C. are D. were 【答案】C 【详解】考查be动词。句意：中国每年春节都要庆祝许多传统。分析可知，a number of 是许多的意思，作主语，谓语动词用复数。再因表示陈述一般事实情况用一般现在时，故应该are，故选C。 22. It was a pity that he ________ blind, but to the joy of his family, his dream of becoming a musician ________ true at last. A. came; came B. went; went C. came; went D. went; came 【答案】D 【详解】考查连系动词。句意：真遗憾他失明了，但是使他的家人高兴的是，他成为音乐家的梦想最终成为现实了。第一空填went，go这里是连系动词，后面接形容词，表示情况由好变坏。go blind失明，第二空填came，也是连系动词，come true成为现实。选D。 II.单句语法填空 1. When the game ended our coach hit Paul ________ the shoulder, saying, “you’ve just earned your place on the team, big guy!” 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：比赛结束时，我们的教练打了保罗的肩膀，说：“你刚刚赢得了球队的位置，大个子！”分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词on，表示“打在某人身上硬的部位”。故填on。 2. The boy traded his toy car ________ a book in the secondhand store yesterday. 【答案】for 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：那个男孩昨天在旧货店里用他的玩具车换了一本书。表示“用某物交换某物”短语为trade sth. for sth.。故填for。 3. Xu Yi was learning English ________ an exchange student in the UK. 【答案】as 【详解】考查介词。句意：徐逸作为交换生在英国学习英语。表示“作为”应用介词as，后跟名词作宾语。故填as。 4. Why not go and borrow some money ________ her? 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：为什么不去向她借些钱呢? borrow sth. from sb.是固定搭配，意为“向某人借某物”，符合语境。故填from。 5. There is no better way to see what you are capable ________. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：没有比这更好的方式来展示你的能力了。be capable of为固定短语，意思为：能够……。故填of。 6. I also play computer games from time ________ time and I even play tennis on my television screen in my living room! 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：我还时不时地玩电脑游戏，甚至在客厅的电视屏幕上打网球!此处是固定搭配：from time to time意为“不时地”。故填to。 7. He froze in ________(amaze) at the poetic landscape. 【答案】amazement 【详解】考查名词。句意：他被这诗意的景色惊呆了。in amazement为固定搭配，意为“惊讶地”。故填amazement。 8. For more than 50 years, he has devoted his life ________ rice production. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：50多年来，他一直致力于水稻产量。devote...to...“致力于”为固定短语。故填to。 9. The novel is made up ________ ten stories. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：这篇小说由10个故事构成。根据句意可知，此处意为“由……构成”，表达为be made up of，故填of。 10. She is so absorbed in the film that she’s unable to distinguish imagination ________ reality. 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：她沉浸在电影中，以至于无法区分想象与现实。distinguish...from...：把......和......区分开。故填from。 ( 17 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$