内容正文:
专题02 冠词和代词
目录
明晰学考要求 1
基础知识梳理 1
考点精讲讲练 3
考点一:不定冠词 3
考点二:定冠词 5
考点三:零冠词 7
考点四:冠词的位置 9
考点五:人称代词,物主代词和反身代词 11
考点六:不定代词 7
考点七:区分one, the ones, it, that的用法 9
考点八:it 11
实战能力训练 13
考点一 不定冠词
1.不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前,an用在以元音音素开头的词前。
In a university,a European and a one-eyed man walked along a one-way road with a useful tool. This is a usual thing.
在一所大学里,一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。
2.不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指,泛指某一人或某一物。
The "Chinese Dream" is a dream to improve people’s well-being and a dream of harmony,peace and development."中国梦"是一个改善民生的梦,是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。
3.表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。
When the Ashleys tried to make her return,Mumbet consulted a lawyer,Theodore Sedgewick.
当 Ashleys一家试图让她回来时,Mumbet咨询了一个叫西奥多·塞奇威克的律师。
4.用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间;用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。
—Excuse me,is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood?There is a parcel for him.
—Sorry,but there is no such person here.
——劳驾,这个居民点住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗?这里有他的包裹。
——对不起,这儿没有这么一个人。
5.不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示"再一,又一"。
She didn’t like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色,又要了一个。
6.表示单位时间内的频度,含有"每"的概念。
The medicine is to be taken three times a day.
这药每天吃三次。
7.具有动作意义的名词在与have,take,make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时,前面要加不定冠词。如:take a look看一看;have a try试一试。
You had better go to the factory and have a look.
你最好到厂里去看一看。
8.不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如:a waste of浪费……;all of a sudden突然地;as a rule通常。
It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.我突然想起,我把她的生日给忘了。
考点二 定冠词
1.用在名词前表示特指。
—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?
—Yes,as you know,the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.
——你昨天玩得开心吗?
——是的,正如你所知,晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。
2.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。
Do you know who invented the telephone?
你知道是谁发明了电话吗?
3.用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较,表示特指的时候)和最高级前。
Do you know which story is the more interesting of the two?你认为这两个故事中哪个更有趣?
4.用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。
Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.(2013·陕西)
据说在十三世纪马可·波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。
5.定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用,表示一类人或事物。
Many of the injured are still in danger.
许多受伤者仍处于危险中。
6.用在表示计量的名词前如by the hour,by the dozen等,但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by weight,by height等。
—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $ 60,000 a year.
—Right,he will also get paid by the week.
——据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。
——是的,而且会按周获得报酬。
7.定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示全家人或夫妻俩。
The Whites settled down in Canada last year.
去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。
8.用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。
the east 东部 play the piano 弹钢琴
考点三 零冠词
1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指,用零冠词。
Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts.
偏远地区非常需要教师。
2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时,不加冠词。
Dr. Peter Spence,headmaster of the school,told us,"A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge."
这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们,这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。
3.月、季、星期、节假、洲前;三餐、球类、惯用语前;学科、棋类名词前,用零冠词。
A year can be divided into four seasons — spring,summer,autumn and winter.
一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。
4.no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。
There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.
天下没有免费的午餐。
5.在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词,但become后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。
He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher.
他成了一名医生而他弟弟当了教师。
考点四 冠词的位置
1. 不定冠词位置
不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意:
a. 位于下列形容词之后: such,what,many,half,
I have never seen such an animal.
Many a man is fit for the job.
b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后:
It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.
So short a time.
Too long a distance.
c. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。
但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。如:quite a lot
d. 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后:
Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。
当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。
2.定冠词位置
定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all, both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。
All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。
考点五 人称代词,物主代词和反身代词
1.人称代词不仅指人,也可指物,有人称、数和格的变化。
数
格
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he/she/it
him/her/it
they
them
--Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门?
--It's me. 是我。
She is my closest friend. 她是我最要好的朋友.
2.物主代词
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
数
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
形容词性物主代词
my
your
his/her/its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yours
his/hers/its
ours
yours
theirs
May I use your pen? Yours works better. 我可以用你的钢笔吗?你的更好用。
I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我深爱我的祖国就像你深爱你的祖国一样。
3.反身代词
反身代词是一种表示反身或强调的代词,如mysef, yourself, himself, herself, itself以及它们的复数形式。
You should be proud of yourself. 你应该为自己感到骄傲。
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。
考点六不定代词
1.both,either,neither, all, any, none
代词
含义
作主语谓语动词的数
两者
both
“都”肯定
复数
either
“任何一个”肯定
单数
neither
“都不”否定
常用单数
三者或者更多
all
“都”肯定
与“all”指代的人或物保持一致
any
任何一个
单复数均可(常与of短语连用)
none
“都不”否定
注意:“any/none of”+不可数名词”作主语的时候,谓语动词用单数
2.each
①each可直接作主语,也可接"of+代词的复数形式"或"of+the/these/形容词性物主代词+ 名词复数"作主语,此时,谓语动词用单数。
②each可作同位语,放在主语(复数) 后,谓语动词用复数。
注意: each还可作限定词,修饰可数名词单数,常与every进行辨析:
each—指"两者或两者以上中的每一个" , 强调个体。every—指"三者或三者以上中的每一个",强调全体,相当于all。
3. the other, another, the others 和others
代词
用法
The other
特指两者中的另一个,常用在“one…the other…”的结构中
another
指三者或者三者以上的“另一,再一”
The others
相当于“the other +可数名词的复数”,特指其余全部的人和物,常用在“some…, the others…”
others
相当于“other+可数名词复数”,泛指别的人或物,常用在“some…, others…”结构中
4. many, much, (a) few, little
含义
替代或者修饰名词复数
替代或修饰不可数名词
“多”
many
much
“少”否定含义
few
little
“一些/点”,肯定意义
a few
a little
考点七 one, the one, that, it
代词
用法
所替代的名词的单复数
one
替代上文出现的“同类”人或事物的一个,表示泛指
必须是可数名词单数
表示复数时用ones
the one
替代上文出现的“同类”人或事物的一个,表示特指
必须是可数名词单数
表示复数用the ones
that
替代上文出现的“同类”人或事物的一个,表示特指,其后常跟介词短语作后置定语
可数名词单数/不可数名词
表示复数时用those
it
替代上文出现的“同一”事物
可数名词单数/不可数名词
表示复数用they
考点八、 it的常考用法
形式
常用句型
it作形式主语
①It+be+ adj.+ (for sb./of sb.) to do sth.
②It+be+ n.+ (for sb./sth.) to do sth.
③It takes/took sb.+一段时间+to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间。
④It is useless/no use/no good doing sth.做某事没用。
⑤It is a pity/shame that... 真可惜 ……
⑥It is no wonder that... 难怪 ……
⑦It is obvious/clear/evident that... 显然 ……
⑧It is said/reported/believed that...据说/据报道/人们相信 ……
.it作形式主语
相关短语和句型
①Make it成功,做到
②Take it easy.别紧张。
③Don’t mention it.不客气。
④as sb. puts it 正如某人所说
⑤believe it or not 信不信由你
⑥take it for granted that...认为 ……是理所当然的
⑦When it comes to...当涉及/谈及 …… (to为介词)
⑧ It is/was...that/who...强调句型
考点一不定冠词
例1 It is ______ useful suggestion. I like it.
A./ B.a C.the D.an
考点二 定冠词
例2 —What do you think of_______ Christmas party?
—It was great.
A.a B.the C.不填 D.an
考点三 零冠词
例3. Inner Mongolia is one of ______ most beautiful places in ______ China.
A.the; the B.a; / C.a; the D.the; /
考点四 冠词的位置
例4. I was only girl in a rugby club of 250 boys.
考点五 人称代词,物主代词和反身代词
例5 —Whose camera is this? Is it ?
—No, it’s not mine. It’s .
A.you; him B.yours; him C.yours; his D.you; his
考点六 不定代词
例6 —Can I come today or tomorrow?
—_________is OK. I’m busy today and tomorrow.
A.Either B.Neither C.Each D.None
考点七 one, the one, it 和that
例7 Dad told us the price here was much lower than in London.
A.it B.that C.this D.one
考点八 it的特殊用法
例8 I thought strange that my teacher could not show me love.
例9 is important to protect our environment.
一、单项选择
1.Nowadays the Internet plays ________ very important role in our daily life.
A.a B.an C.the D.\
2.Mom often tells me ______ apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A.a B.an C.不填 D.the
3.Inner Mongolia is one of ______ most beautiful places in ______ China.
A.the; the B.a; / C.a; the D.the; /
4.—What do you think of_______ Christmas party?
—It was great.
A.a B.the C.不填 D.an
5.—Are you free on weekends?
—Yes, I am going to have picnic on Sunday.
A.the; an B.a; the: C.a;/ D.an;/
6.—My daughter seldom has _________dinner.
—It is __________unhealthy habit. You must ask her to change it.
A./; an B.the; an C./; a D.the; a
7.---Does the young man standing there ______the company?
---No. The company is _____his father.
A.be in possession of; in the possession of
B.possess; in the possession of
C.take possession of; in possession of
D.possess; in possession of
8.I am going to make______ special house for my pet pig this weekend.
A.an B.a C.the
9.—Can _______ drive?
—Yes, I can. I usually drive to work.
A.you B.your C.yours D.yourself
10.—Whose camera is this? Is it ________ ?
—No, it’s not mine. It’s______.
A.you; him B.yours; him C.yours; his D.you; his
11.Jack wanted to learn to play the piano by after a live concert.
A.him B.his C.he D.himself
12.There are two trees in my backyard. One is a Chinese date tree. ______ is also a Chinese date tree.
A.The other B.Other C.Another
13.Dad told us the price here was much lower than ___________ in London.
A.it B.that C.this D.one
二、单句语法填空
1.He soon recovered (恢复) (he) and stopped crying.
2.Communicating through a screen makes more difficult for children to concentrate.
3. is my duty to do something for students in poor areas.
4.She is revising her notes and preparing for the coming exam, we’d better leave (she) alone.
5.It was a plain dirt way, and overhead the branches of trees intermingled(混合), while a round moon hung low in the sky as if to keep (I) company.
6.I learned not everyone is going to like you and that`s OK. Just be (you).
7.Please try to find out the difference between the two words. If , speak it out.
8.This study looked at the performance levels of children when they were cycling, and compared their fitness to of athletes(运动员).
9.It is estimated about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’ hybrid strain.
10. is obvious that she is clever because she worked out such a difficult problem.
11.This makes clear to the other person that you are giving them a choice.
12.I hope to have happier, more fruitful and satisfying life in my new school.
13.I was only girl in a rugby club of 250 boys.
14.Our team tried hard and as result, we won the game.
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专题02 冠词和代词
目录
明晰学考要求 1
基础知识梳理 1
考点精讲讲练 3
考点一:不定冠词 3
考点二:定冠词 5
考点三:零冠词 7
考点四:冠词的位置 9
考点五:人称代词,物主代词和反身代词 11
考点六:不定代词 7
考点七:区分one, the ones, it, that的用法 9
考点八:it 11
实战能力训练 13
考点一 不定冠词
1.不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前,an用在以元音音素开头的词前。
In a university,a European and a one-eyed man walked along a one-way road with a useful tool. This is a usual thing.
在一所大学里,一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。
2.不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指,泛指某一人或某一物。
The "Chinese Dream" is a dream to improve people’s well-being and a dream of harmony,peace and development."中国梦"是一个改善民生的梦,是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。
3.表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。
When the Ashleys tried to make her return,Mumbet consulted a lawyer,Theodore Sedgewick.
当 Ashleys一家试图让她回来时,Mumbet咨询了一个叫西奥多·塞奇威克的律师。
4.用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间;用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。
—Excuse me,is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood?There is a parcel for him.
—Sorry,but there is no such person here.
——劳驾,这个居民点住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗?这里有他的包裹。
——对不起,这儿没有这么一个人。
5.不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示"再一,又一"。
She didn’t like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色,又要了一个。
6.表示单位时间内的频度,含有"每"的概念。
The medicine is to be taken three times a day.
这药每天吃三次。
7.具有动作意义的名词在与have,take,make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时,前面要加不定冠词。如:take a look看一看;have a try试一试。
You had better go to the factory and have a look.
你最好到厂里去看一看。
8.不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如:a waste of浪费……;all of a sudden突然地;as a rule通常。
It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.我突然想起,我把她的生日给忘了。
考点二 定冠词
1.用在名词前表示特指。
—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?
—Yes,as you know,the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.
——你昨天玩得开心吗?
——是的,正如你所知,晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。
2.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。
Do you know who invented the telephone?
你知道是谁发明了电话吗?
3.用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较,表示特指的时候)和最高级前。
Do you know which story is the more interesting of the two?你认为这两个故事中哪个更有趣?
4.用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。
Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.(2013·陕西)
据说在十三世纪马可·波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。
5.定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用,表示一类人或事物。
Many of the injured are still in danger.
许多受伤者仍处于危险中。
6.用在表示计量的名词前如by the hour,by the dozen等,但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by weight,by height等。
—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $ 60,000 a year.
—Right,he will also get paid by the week.
——据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。
——是的,而且会按周获得报酬。
7.定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示全家人或夫妻俩。
The Whites settled down in Canada last year.
去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。
8.用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。
the east 东部 play the piano 弹钢琴
考点三 零冠词
1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指,用零冠词。
Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts.
偏远地区非常需要教师。
2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时,不加冠词。
Dr. Peter Spence,headmaster of the school,told us,"A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge."
这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们,这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。
3.月、季、星期、节假、洲前;三餐、球类、惯用语前;学科、棋类名词前,用零冠词。
A year can be divided into four seasons — spring,summer,autumn and winter.
一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。
4.no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。
There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.
天下没有免费的午餐。
5.在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词,但become后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。
He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher.
他成了一名医生而他弟弟当了教师。
考点四 冠词的位置
1. 不定冠词位置
不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意:
a. 位于下列形容词之后: such,what,many,half,
I have never seen such an animal.
Many a man is fit for the job.
b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后:
It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.
So short a time.
Too long a distance.
c. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。
但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。如:quite a lot
d. 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后:
Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。
当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。
2.定冠词位置
定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all, both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。
All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。
考点五 人称代词,物主代词和反身代词
1.人称代词不仅指人,也可指物,有人称、数和格的变化。
数
格
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he/she/it
him/her/it
they
them
--Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门?
--It's me. 是我。
She is my closest friend. 她是我最要好的朋友.
2.物主代词
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
数
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
形容词性物主代词
my
your
his/her/its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yours
his/hers/its
ours
yours
theirs
May I use your pen? Yours works better. 我可以用你的钢笔吗?你的更好用。
I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我深爱我的祖国就像你深爱你的祖国一样。
3.反身代词
反身代词是一种表示反身或强调的代词,如mysef, yourself, himself, herself, itself以及它们的复数形式。
You should be proud of yourself. 你应该为自己感到骄傲。
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。
考点六不定代词
1.both,either,neither, all, any, none
代词
含义
作主语谓语动词的数
两者
both
“都”肯定
复数
either
“任何一个”肯定
单数
neither
“都不”否定
常用单数
三者或者更多
all
“都”肯定
与“all”指代的人或物保持一致
any
任何一个
单复数均可(常与of短语连用)
none
“都不”否定
注意:“any/none of”+不可数名词”作主语的时候,谓语动词用单数
2.each
①each可直接作主语,也可接"of+代词的复数形式"或"of+the/these/形容词性物主代词+ 名词复数"作主语,此时,谓语动词用单数。
②each可作同位语,放在主语(复数) 后,谓语动词用复数。
注意: each还可作限定词,修饰可数名词单数,常与every进行辨析:
each—指"两者或两者以上中的每一个" , 强调个体。every—指"三者或三者以上中的每一个",强调全体,相当于all。
3. the other, another, the others 和others
代词
用法
The other
特指两者中的另一个,常用在“one…the other…”的结构中
another
指三者或者三者以上的“另一,再一”
The others
相当于“the other +可数名词的复数”,特指其余全部的人和物,常用在“some…, the others…”
others
相当于“other+可数名词复数”,泛指别的人或物,常用在“some…, others…”结构中
4. many, much, (a) few, little
含义
替代或者修饰名词复数
替代或修饰不可数名词
“多”
many
much
“少”否定含义
few
little
“一些/点”,肯定意义
a few
a little
考点七 one, the one, that, it
代词
用法
所替代的名词的单复数
one
替代上文出现的“同类”人或事物的一个,表示泛指
必须是可数名词单数
表示复数时用ones
the one
替代上文出现的“同类”人或事物的一个,表示特指
必须是可数名词单数
表示复数用the ones
that
替代上文出现的“同类”人或事物的一个,表示特指,其后常跟介词短语作后置定语
可数名词单数/不可数名词
表示复数时用those
it
替代上文出现的“同一”事物
可数名词单数/不可数名词
表示复数用they
考点八、 it的常考用法
形式
常用句型
it作形式主语
①It+be+ adj.+ (for sb./of sb.) to do sth.
②It+be+ n.+ (for sb./sth.) to do sth.
③It takes/took sb.+一段时间+to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间。
④It is useless/no use/no good doing sth.做某事没用。
⑤It is a pity/shame that... 真可惜 ……
⑥It is no wonder that... 难怪 ……
⑦It is obvious/clear/evident that... 显然 ……
⑧It is said/reported/believed that...据说/据报道/人们相信 ……
.it作形式主语
相关短语和句型
①Make it成功,做到
②Take it easy.别紧张。
③Don’t mention it.不客气。
④as sb. puts it 正如某人所说
⑤believe it or not 信不信由你
⑥take it for granted that...认为 ……是理所当然的
⑦When it comes to...当涉及/谈及 …… (to为介词)
⑧ It is/was...that/who...强调句型
考点一不定冠词
例1 It is ______ useful suggestion. I like it.
A./ B.a C.the D.an
【答案】B
【详解】考查冠词。句意:这是一个有用的建议。我喜欢它。名词suggestion为可数名词,泛指,且形容词useful是以辅音音素开头的单词,应该用不定冠词a。故选B。
考点二 定冠词
例2 —What do you think of_______ Christmas party?
—It was great.
A.a B.the C.不填 D.an
【答案】B
【详解】考查冠词。句意:——你觉得圣诞晚会怎么样?——很棒。此处特指双方都知道的圣诞晚会,应用定冠词the;a和an用于泛指,故排除A、D选项;party为可数名词,前面需要有冠词,不能不填,故排除C选项;故选B。
考点三 零冠词
例3. Inner Mongolia is one of ______ most beautiful places in ______ China.
A.the; the B.a; / C.a; the D.the; /
【答案】D
【详解】考查冠词。句意:内蒙古是中国最美丽的地方之一。one of + the +形容词最高级+复数名词,表示“最……之一”;in China“在中国”,专有名词China前不用定冠词。故选D。
考点四 冠词的位置
例4. I was only girl in a rugby club of 250 boys.
【答案】the
【详解】考查冠词及固定搭配。句意:我是一个英式橄榄球俱乐部250个男孩里唯一的女孩。短语the only意为“绝无仅有的、独一无二的”,此处表示“250个男生中唯一的一个女生”,表特指,需用定冠词the。故填the。
考点五 人称代词,物主代词和反身代词
例5 —Whose camera is this? Is it ?
—No, it’s not mine. It’s .
A.you; him B.yours; him C.yours; his D.you; his
【答案】C
【详解】考查物主代词。句意:——这是谁的相机?是你的吗?——不,不是我的。这是他的。由“Whose camera is this”可知,第一空意为“你的”,用名词性物主代词yours;由“No, it’s not mine”可知,第二空意为“他的”,用名词性物主代词his。故选C。
考点六 不定代词
例6 —Can I come today or tomorrow?
—_________is OK. I’m busy today and tomorrow.
A.Either B.Neither C.Each D.None
【答案】B
【详解】考查不定代词。句意:——我可以今天来还是明天来?——都不行。我今天和明天都很忙。A. Either两者中任一个;B. Neither两者都不;C. Each每一个;D. None没有一个(三者及以上)。根据“I’m busy today and tomorrow.”可知,今天和明天哪一天都不行。故选B。
考点七 one, the one, it 和that
例7 Dad told us the price here was much lower than in London.
A.it B.that C.this D.one
【答案】B
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意:爸爸告诉我们这里的价格比伦敦低得多。A. it它;B. that那;C. this这;D. one一个。结合语意,这里的价格比伦敦的价格低得多,空处指代不可数名词price,同名异物,应用that进行指代。故选B项。
考点八 it的特殊用法
例8 I thought strange that my teacher could not show me love.
【答案】it
【详解】考查形式宾语。句意:我觉得奇怪的是,我的老师不能向我表达爱意。分析句子可知,空格处应填入it作形式宾语,that my teacher could not show me love作真正的宾语,形容词strange作宾语补足语。故填it。
例9 is important to protect our environment.
【答案】It
【详解】考查it作形式主语。句意:保护我们的环境很重要。It is important to do sth.是固定句型,意为“做某事很重要”,其中It是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式,因此空格处是It。故填It。
一、单项选择
1.Nowadays the Internet plays ________ very important role in our daily life.
A.a B.an C.the D.\
【答案】A
【详解】考查冠词。句意:当今互联网在我们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用。play a/an...role in为固定搭配,意为“在……起重要作用”,very发音是以辅音音素开头,应用a,故选A。
2.Mom often tells me ______ apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A.a B.an C.不填 D.the
【答案】B
【详解】考查冠词。句意:妈妈经常告诉我一天一个苹果,医生远离我。根据句意可知,此处泛指“一个苹果”应用不定冠词限定apple,apple以元音音素开头,应用an。故选B项。
3.Inner Mongolia is one of ______ most beautiful places in ______ China.
A.the; the B.a; / C.a; the D.the; /
【答案】D
【详解】考查冠词。句意:内蒙古是中国最美丽的地方之一。one of + the +形容词最高级+复数名词,表示“最……之一”;in China“在中国”,专有名词China前不用定冠词。故选D。
4.—What do you think of_______ Christmas party?
—It was great.
A.a B.the C.不填 D.an
【答案】B
【详解】考查冠词。句意:——你觉得圣诞晚会怎么样?——很棒。此处特指双方都知道的圣诞晚会,应用定冠词the;a和an用于泛指,故排除A、D选项;party为可数名词,前面需要有冠词,不能不填,故排除C选项;故选B。
5.—Are you free on weekends?
—Yes, I am going to have picnic on Sunday.
A.the; an B.a; the: C.a;/ D.an;/
【答案】C
【详解】考查冠词。句意:——你周末有空吗?——是的,我星期天将要去野餐。have a picnic为固定搭配,表示“去野餐”,picnic是辅音音素开头的单词,前边应用a,on Sunday为固定搭配,表示“在星期天”,Sunday前不需要使用冠词。故选C项。
6.—My daughter seldom has _________dinner.
—It is __________unhealthy habit. You must ask her to change it.
A./; an B.the; an C./; a D.the; a
【答案】A
【详解】考查冠词。句意:——我女儿很少吃晚饭。——这是一个不健康的习惯。你必须让她把它换掉。have dinner吃晚饭,一日三餐前不加冠词;名词habit为可数名词。表示一个健康的习惯,用不定冠词a/an,同时unhealthy以元音音素开头的,因此用不定冠词an。故选A。
7.---Does the young man standing there ______the company?
---No. The company is _____his father.
A.be in possession of; in the possession of
B.possess; in the possession of
C.take possession of; in possession of
D.possess; in possession of
【答案】B
【详解】考查词组含义。句意:——站在那里的年轻人拥有这个公司吗?——不,公司是他爸爸拥有的。某人拥有某物sb possess sth = sb be in possession of sth;某物为人拥有sth be in the possession of。故选B。
8.I am going to make______ special house for my pet pig this weekend.
A.an B.a C.the
【答案】B
【详解】考查冠词。句意:这个周末我要为我的宠物猪做一个特别的房子。此处指“一个特别的房子”,所以用不定冠词,且special是以辅音音素开头的词,前面用a表示“一”。故选B。
9.—Can _______ drive?
—Yes, I can. I usually drive to work.
A.you B.your C.yours D.yourself
【答案】A
【详解】考查代词。句意:——你可以开车吗?——是的,我能。我通常开车去上班。由答语中的“I can”可知,问句是问“你可以开车吗”,“你”是you,故选A。
10.—Whose camera is this? Is it ________ ?
—No, it’s not mine. It’s______.
A.you; him B.yours; him C.yours; his D.you; his
【答案】C
【详解】考查物主代词。句意:——这是谁的相机?是你的吗?——不,不是我的。这是他的。由“Whose camera is this”可知,第一空意为“你的”,用名词性物主代词yours;由“No, it’s not mine”可知,第二空意为“他的”,用名词性物主代词his。故选C。
11.Jack wanted to learn to play the piano by after a live concert.
A.him B.his C.he D.himself
【答案】D
【详解】考查代词。句意:在一场直播音乐会后,杰克想自学弹钢琴。A. him他(宾格);B. his他的;C. 他(主格);D. himself他自己。分析句子结构可知,此处应为代词作宾语,句子主语与介词by后的宾语为同一人,所以应用反身代词。故选D项。
12.There are two trees in my backyard. One is a Chinese date tree. ______ is also a Chinese date tree.
A.The other B.Other C.Another
【答案】A
【详解】考查代词。句意:我家后院有两棵树。一棵是中国枣树。另一棵也是中国枣树。A.The other另一个; B.Other其他的人(或物); C.Another再一个。分析句子可知,这里考查one...the other表“(指两者中的)一个...另一个”,为固定用法。故选A项。
13.Dad told us the price here was much lower than ___________ in London.
A.it B.that C.this D.one
【答案】B
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意:爸爸告诉我们这里的价格比伦敦低得多。A. it它;B. that那;C. this这;D. one一个。结合语意,这里的价格比伦敦的价格低得多,空处指代不可数名词price,同名异物,应用that进行指代。故选B项。
二、单句语法填空
1.He soon recovered (恢复) (he) and stopped crying.
【答案】himself
【详解】考查反身代词。句意:他很快恢复了过来,不再哭了。提示词代词he作宾语,和句子主语He指同一对象,用反身代词himself作宾语;recover oneself意为“恢复正常;镇定下来”。故填himself。
2.Communicating through a screen makes more difficult for children to concentrate.
【答案】it
【详解】考查形式宾语。句意:通过屏幕交流使得孩子们更难集中注意力。这个句子使用了“make it adj. to do”的固定句型,其中it是形式宾语,无实际含义,指代的是to concentrate这个真正宾语。形式宾语只可以使用it,故填it。
3. is my duty to do something for students in poor areas.
【答案】It
【详解】考查代词。句意:为贫困地区的学生做点事是我的责任。it is one’s duty to do sth.做某事是某人的责任,it作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式。根据句意,故填It。
4.She is revising her notes and preparing for the coming exam, we’d better leave (she) alone.
【答案】her
【详解】考查代词。句意:她正在复习笔记,准备即将到来的考试,我们最好不要打扰她。leave sb. alone“让某人保持某种状态”,此处应填she的宾格her“她”。故填her。
5.It was a plain dirt way, and overhead the branches of trees intermingled(混合), while a round moon hung low in the sky as if to keep (I) company.
【答案】my
【详解】考查代词。句意:那是一条平坦的土路,头顶上树枝交错。一轮圆月低悬在空中,仿佛要陪伴我。修饰名词company用形容词性物主代词,keep one's company是固定短语,表示“陪伴某人”,故填my。
6.I learned not everyone is going to like you and that`s OK. Just be (you).
【答案】yourself
【详解】考查反身代词。句意:我知道不是每个人都会喜欢你,这没关系。做你自己。空处需要反身代词yourself“你自己”,作表语,表示“不是每个人都会喜欢你,没关系,做你自己”。故填yourself。
7.Please try to find out the difference between the two words. If , speak it out.
【答案】any
【详解】考查代词。句意:请试着找出这两个词的区别。如果有的话,说出来。If表示条件,结合“speak it out”可知,应用固定表达if any表示“如果有的话”,用于提到可能存在但不明确的事物,完整形式是if there is any (difference)。故填any。
8.This study looked at the performance levels of children when they were cycling, and compared their fitness to of athletes(运动员).
【答案】that
【详解】考查代词。句意:这项研究观察了儿童在骑自行车时的表现水平,并将他们的健康状况与运动员的健康状况进行了比较。此处与上文的不可数名词fitness为同名异物指代,用指示代词that。故填that。
9.It is estimated about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’ hybrid strain.
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:据估计,中国国内消费的大米中约有60%是由袁隆平的杂交品种生产的。根据句意及空前“It is estimated”可知,此处为it is estimated that的固定句型结构,其中it为形式主语,空处引导主语从句,从句句意完整,不缺少成分,应用连接词that引导,that在名词性从句中无实义,不充当句子成分。故填that。
10. is obvious that she is clever because she worked out such a difficult problem.
【答案】It
【详解】考查代词。句意:很明显,她很聪明,因为她解出了这么一道难题。此处为固定句型“It be+adj.+that从句.”,句中it作形式主语,that引导的名词性从句作真正主语,所以此处使用代词it,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填It。
11.This makes clear to the other person that you are giving them a choice.
【答案】it
【详解】考查代词。句意:这让对方明白你在给他们一个选择。空前是动词,所以空处应填名词或者代词作宾语,此处应是用it作形式宾语,that引导的从句为真正的宾语。故填it。
12.I hope to have happier, more fruitful and satisfying life in my new school.
【答案】a
【详解】考查冠词。句意:我希望在我的新学校有一个更快乐,更有成果和满足感的生活。分析句子可知,设空处缺少冠词,是泛指,表示“一个……的生活”,应使用不定冠词,后面的happier开头发音是辅音,故填a。
13.I was only girl in a rugby club of 250 boys.
【答案】the
【详解】考查冠词及固定搭配。句意:我是一个英式橄榄球俱乐部250个男孩里唯一的女孩。短语the only意为“绝无仅有的、独一无二的”,此处表示“250个男生中唯一的一个女生”,表特指,需用定冠词the。故填the。
14.Our team tried hard and as result, we won the game.
【答案】a
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:我们队很努力,结果赢得了比赛。由“we won the game”可知,空格处所在短语意为“结果”,是as a result,故填a。
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