专题05 阅读理解长难句与CD篇剖析及名校真题特训 -【决胜春考】2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（浙江专用）

专题05 阅读理解长难句与CD篇剖析及名校真题特训 ·模块一 长难句的常见形式 ·模块二 破解长难句方法 ·模块三 阅读理解CD篇长难句分析 ·模块四 名校模考题特训 ·模块五 高考真题题特训 模块一 长难句的常见形式 高考阅读理解的文章一般会有一些结构复杂的句子，增加了句子的长度和难度，干扰了学生正常的阅读速度和思维方式。 · 复合句 这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如：The man is a teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。 I urge you to contact your state legislators to move this legislation forward so that this weekend will be one of the last times when we have to “fall back”. 分析　此句的主语为I，谓语是urge, so that引导的结果状语从句。在结果状语从句中when引导定语从句。 · 分隔结构 高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。 “The results are pretty exciting—strong levels of reductions—but there clearly are going to be things to be learned from the areas where the reductions are not as great.” said Penn State University professor Elizabeth McGraw. 提醒　分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻辑，插入补充了一些额外的信息。 · 成分省略或倒装 在英语句子中，用词简洁是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。有时为了强调句子表达的重心，对句子进行倒装。 By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study. 分析　此句正常语序为： By the end of the century, if it is not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study. 模块二 破解长难句方法 题 · 找谓语，定主语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如 Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment --- although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. 【简析】 此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有： was opposed --he; ordered--he; (should) not be used ---federal--funds; had proposed --- no one; asked--he (asked前面有and, 说明asked与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列)。这一句的主干为 “he ordered... asked ....”, “Declaring that...”作状语。 句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的蓄牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro 为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。 · 提主干，去枝叶（从句等） 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如： First  put  forward  by  the  French  mathematician  Pierre de Format in the 17th century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be  able  to  study  at  the Eco-lab Poly technique. 【简析】本句夹杂分词短语、动名词及两个定语从句。 “First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century”为过去分词短语作状语;“including...”为介词短语作状语;“who made...and who had to...”为两个并列的定语从句，修饰a French woman scientist。所以句子的主干为the theorem had baffled  and beaten the finest mathematical minds此为主要信息。 句意：这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家Pierre de Format提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，其中包括一个法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展。为了能够在Eco-lab Poly technique理工学院学习她曾女扮男装。 · 寻关联，辨逻辑 一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够分辨出句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，则长句就容易对付得多了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。 Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. 【简析】“whereas”提示前后对比; not unusual=usual; not...until...直到……才……。 句意：一个女人最亲密的女性朋友最可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败的婚姻的人;而听见一个男人说，直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上，他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的事。 · 看搭配，防隔离 有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。读者若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，则对句意的理解就会发生偏差。如： Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products，to some degree，their main selling points and emphasize it in their advertising. 【简析】其实本句是一个“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型“make+宾语+宾补”，即“使……成为……”，只不过宾语和宾补被“to some degree”隔开而已。 句意：一些公司把生产的卫生的、安全的产品，从某种程度上说，当作他们的卖点，并在广告中强调这一点。 · 关键词，抓线索 有时某些句子句意模糊，读者理不清头绪，这时读者只能依靠关键词来抓，从而在大体上搞清楚句意。总之，在碰到长句和难句时，要根据实际情况灵活运用上述方法，在平时阅读过程中要加强对长句和难句的句法分析训练。有时要几种方法综合使用才能正确理解句意。如： We even have different words for some food，meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked,which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper class Normans were doing most of the eating. 【简析】本句夹杂多种语法结构，而且包含对比。句子的主干为“We even have different words for some foods，meat in particular”;“depending on...”为分词短语作状语;“whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked”作depending on的宾语;“which”引导非限制性定语从句指代上述内容“the fact”后为其同位语，即同位语从句说明fact的具体内容。 句意：我们甚至对某些食物用不同的单词表达，特别是肉类，这取决于它是长在田野时，还是在家里准备煮着吃，这就表明一个事实，即萨克森农民在农田干活，而上层阶级的诺曼人在大口地吃。 模块三 阅读理解CD篇长难句分析 新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934 better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America? A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports. C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals. 29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute. 30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934? A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away. C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money. 31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting 【词汇】 1.continent 2.astonishing 3.variety 4.precious 5.resource 6.decimate 7.handful 8.overly 9.ambitious 10.house 11.waterfowl 12.destruction 13.vital 14.survival 15.annually 16.purchase 17.political 18.cartoonist 19.appoint 20.inclusion 21.available 22.generation 23.habitat 24.conservation 25.initiate 26.decline 27.export 28.acquire 29.distribute 30.migratory 31.refuge 【词汇答案】 1.continent n. 大陆；洲；(the Continent)欧洲大陆 2. astonishing adj. 惊人的 3.variety n. 多样；种类；多样化n. 杂耍 4.precious adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的；矫揉造作的adv. 极其n. <口>宝贝，心爱的人 5.resource n. 资源；机敏；才略；寄托；消遣 6.decimate v. 毁掉大部分；大量杀死；使骤减 7.handful n. 一把；少数；<非>难控制的人；棘手之事 8.overly adv. 过度地；极度地 9.ambitious adj. 有雄心的；野心勃勃的；有抱负的 10.house n. 房屋；住一屋的人；机构；议院；观众；听众；黄道十二宫之一v. 给…房子住；储存(某物)；容纳；藏有 11.waterfowl n. 水鸟；水禽 12.destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 13.vital adj. 至关重要的；有活力的；生死攸关的 14.survival n. 幸存；幸存者；生存；残存物，幸存物；【人类学】(失去原有意义、作用的)残存文化特征 15.annually adv. 每年；年年 16.purchase vt. 购买n. 购买；购买的物品 17.political adj. 政治的；政治上的；政党的；人事的；争权夺利的 18.cartoonist n. 漫画家 19.appoint v. 任命；委派；指定；约定 20.inclusion n. 包含 21.available adj. 可利用的；可得到的；有空的；有效的；<贬>【政】有资格的，适合的 22.generation n. 代；（产品类型的）代；产生；繁殖 23.habitat n. 栖息地；产地 24.conservation n. 保存；保护；守恒；节约 25.initiate vt. 开始；创始；启蒙；介绍加入n. 创始人adj. 新加入的；启蒙的 26.decline v. 下降；减少；变弱；拒绝；倾斜n. 衰微；跌落；晚年 27.export n. 输出；出口；输出品；输出存储器的信息v. 输出；出口；带走，运走；从存储器输出信息 28.acquire vt. 获得；学到；取得 29.distribute v. 分配；散发；分布 30.migratory adj. 迁移的；流浪的 31.refuge n. 避难；避难所；庇护v. 庇护；避难 【长难句分析】 1. When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析：当探险家们第一次踏上北美洲大陆时，天空和大地上充满了各种各样的野生动物。 这是复合句，由“when”引导的时间状语此句“When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America”，和主句“the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife”。 翻译：成百上千万英亩的湿地被晒干，用来喂养和居住不断增加的水禽种群，大大减少了水禽的栖息地 2. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地). 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析： 此句为简单句，“to feed and house the ever-increasing populations”为目的状语，分词短语“greatly reducing waterfowl habitat”作结果状语。 翻译：成百上千万英亩的湿地被晒干，用来喂养和居住不断增加的水禽种群，大大减少了水禽的栖息地 3. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徒的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析：此句为简单句，主句为“nation took firm action”，其中“with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act)”作伴随状语，“to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徒的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival”为目的状语。 翻译： 1934年，随着《候鸟捕猎邮票法》的通过，越来越受到关注的国家采取了坚定的行动，阻止对候鸟及其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。 4. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析：此句为复合句，主句为“The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. ‘Ding’Darling”，同位语“a political cartoonist from Des Moines”，定语从句“who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.”。 翻译： “丁”达林，一个来自洛瓦州得梅因的政治漫画家，他当时被富兰克林罗斯福总统任命为生物调查局局长。 5. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System-a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析：主句为“About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund”，其中不定式“to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System”作为目的状语。同位语从句“that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.”和“a fact”互为同位语。 翻译：每枚鸭邮票中约98美分直接进入候鸟保护基金，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，纳入国家野生动物保护区系统——这一事实确保了这片土地将得到保护，并为子孙后代提供。 6. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：难怪联邦鸭邮票计划被称为有史以来最成功的保护计划之一。 【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。 【29题详解】 词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。 新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction. 32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence? A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind. C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities. 33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2? A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept. C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction. 34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence? A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies. C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives. 【词汇】 1.popularization 2.original 3.makeup 4.character 5.motivation 6.mental 7.stability 8.optimism 9.accurately 10.potential 11.victim 12.moral 13.overall 14.publicity 15.beneficial 16.positive 17.aspect 18.promote 19.well-being 20.adaptively 21.continuing 22.appeal 23.desirable 24.excite 25.scholarly 26.perspective 27.measure 28.mention 29.clarify 30.prediction 31.attitude 32.favorable 33.intolerant 34.expectation 35.application 【词汇答案】 1.popularization n. 通俗化；平易化；普及 2.original adj. 原始的；最初的；有独创性的；原版的n. 原版；真品；怪人；有独创性的人n. 起源 3.makeup . 化妆品；组成；体格；性格；补充；<美>补考；[印]排版 4.character n. 个性；品质；字符；人物；名誉；地位adj. [剧](角色)代表某一特性的 5.motivation n. 动机；动力；刺激；积极性 6.mental adj. 思想的；心理的；精神的；脑力的n. 精神病患者 7.stability n. 稳定性；居于修道院 8.optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义 9.accurately adv. 准确地；精确地 10.potential adj. 潜在的；可能的n. 潜力；潜能n. 电位；电势 11.victim n. 受害者；受骗者；牺牲 12.moral adj. 道德的；精神上的n. 寓意；道德；品行；伦理 13.overall adj. 全部的；总体的；全面考虑的adv. 总的来说；总共n. 罩衫；工作服 14.publicity n. 公众的注意；宣传；宣扬；宣传品；广告 15.beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的 16.positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；明确的；正面的；正数的；阳性的n. 正面；正数；正片；[语]原级 17.aspect n. 方面；方位；外观；外貌 18.promote vt. 促进；提升；升迁；发起；促销，推销 19.well-being n. 康乐；安宁 20.adaptively adj. 适合的；适应的 21.continuing adj. 连续的；持续的；不间断的 22.appeal n. 恳求；呼吁；上诉；吸引力n. (体育比赛中)诉请裁决v. 呼吁；有吸引力；求助；诉请 23.desirable adj. 令人满意的；性感的；有吸引力的；值得的；令人向往的n. 有吸引力的人或物 24.excite vt. 使兴奋；使激动；刺激；激起 25.scholarly adj. 学术性的；学究气的；学者派头的 26.perspective n. 远景；看法；透视adj. 透视的 27.measure n. 措施；量度；尺寸；程度；办法v. 测量；比较；给予；权衡 28.mention vt. 提到；说起n. 提及；说起 29.clarify vt. 澄清；阐明；净化 30.prediction n. 预言；预报 31.attitude n. 态度；看法；姿势 32.favorable adj. 有利的；顺利的；良好的；赞同的 33.intolerant adj. 不能容忍的；偏执的 34. expectation n. 预料；期望 35.application n. 应用；申请；专心；应用程序 【长难句分析】 1. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desitrble in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析： 此句为复合句，其中主句为“Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything”，其中定语从句“that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and ‘people skills.’”修饰everything。 翻译：许多人现在误解了情商，认为情商几乎是一个人妆容中所有必须的、用智商测试无法衡量的东西，比如性格、动机、信心、心理稳定性、乐观主义和“人际交往能力” 2. Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析： 此句为复合句，主句为“Research has shown”，宾语从句为“that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.”，其中从句中“but”连接两个并列成分。 翻译：研究表明，情感技能可能有助于这些素质中的一些，但其中大多数远远超出了基于技能的情商。 3. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析：此句为并列句，“while”表示两个句子的对比，前面的句子主干为“The ability may be used by a doctor”，其中不定式短语“to accurately understand how others are feeling”做后置定语修饰“ability”；不定式短语“to find how best to help her patients”“ to control potential victims”为目的状语。 翻译：准确理解他人感受的能力可能会被医生用来发现如何最好地帮助她的病人，而骗子可能会用它来控制潜在的受害者。 4. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析：此句为复合句，由“Although”引导的让步状语从句，从句中由“what”引导的宾语从句“what research can reasonably support”，主句为“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful”。 翻译：尽管关于情商的流行观点远远超出了研究所能合理支持的范围，但宣传的总体效果是利大于弊。 5. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析： 此句为简单句，主系表的结构。其中主语较长“The most positive aspect of this popularization”其中心词为“aspect”。 翻译：这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感的新的和迫切需要的重视。 6. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析： 此句为简单句，主干为“The popularization has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality and how” 其结构为“主语+help sb. do sth.”。 翻译： 情绪智力的普及有助于公众和研究人员重新评估情绪的功能，以及情绪如何在日常生活中适应地为人们服务。 7. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析：此句为复合句，由“Although”引导的让步状语从句和主句构成。其中主句“We hope that”后跟“that”引导的宾语从句。 翻译：尽管情商的持续流行是可取的，但我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。 8. It is our hope that in coming decades，advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析：此句为复合句，主句“It is our hope”，其中it作为形式主语，“that in coming decades，advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives”为祝语从句。 翻译：我们希望，在未来几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角。 【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities (研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. …The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。 模块四 名校模考题特训 1.【浙江省浙南名校联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期第一次联考10月英语试题】 From the swinging rhythms of the 1950s to the autotuned hooks of today, pop music has undergone a remarkable transformation. But what exactly has changed, and how can we measure it? Researchers identify two major “melodic (旋律的) revolutions” in pop music history: one in 1975 and another in 2000. These turning points mark significant shifts in the structure and complexity of hit melodies. Interestingly, these musical milestones aren’t perfectly in line with the revolutions in harmony and tone color, suggesting that different aspects of music may evolve at different rates. During these revolutions, melodies have generally become simpler, both in terms of pitch (音高) and rhythm. Modern pop hits tend to use a smaller range of notes and simpler rhythmic patterns compared to those from the 1950s and 60s. At the same time, there was a dramatic increase in “note density” — the number of notes squeezed into each second of music. This means that while today’s pop melodies might be simpler in structure, they’re often delivered more rapidly, creating a sense of energy and urgency that wasn’t as common in earlier decades. There are several interesting possibilities for what is happening. One theory suggests that as other aspects of music production — like complex electronic beats and richly layered instrumentation — have become more sophisticated, melodies have had to simplify to maintain a balance. Another explanation points to the changing landscape of music consumption. In an era of streaming and social media, where listeners can skip to the next song in seconds, there may be more pressure to create tunes that grab attention instantly. This could favor simpler, more repetitive melodies that are easy to remember and sing along to. Relationships between different musical features have also become stronger in recent years. For example, in post-2000 pop hits, melodies with more notes per second tend to be less complex in terms of pitch variety. This suggests that modern pop songwriting may be following stricter patterns than in the past. 1．What change has taken place in pop music over the years? A．Denser notes. B．Bigger range of pitch. C．More complex rhythms. D．More diverse tone colors. 2．Which of the following may contribute to the revolution of pop music? A．The difficulty in creating catchier tunes. B．The conventional patterns to enjoy music. C．The convenience of switching between songs. D．The need to balance increasingly intense beats. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Pop songwriting might be more flexible in the past. B．Modern pop music prioritizes simplicity in melody. C．Post-2000 pop hits feature complexity in pitch variety. D．Relationships between musical elements are invariable. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To prove a viewpoint. B．To remove some doubts. C．To illustrate a principle. D．To analyze a phenomenon. 文章导读 关键词 pop music, transformation, melodic revolutions, 1975, 2000, simplicity of melodies, note density, music production, music consumption, relationships between musical features 文章大意 阐述流行音乐从 20 世纪 50 年代至今发生显著转变，提及流行音乐史的两次 “旋律革命”，介绍旋律在音高、节奏等方面的变化及原因，还谈到近年来不同音乐特征间关系的变化。 重点词汇 swinging rhythms（摇摆节奏）, autotuned hooks（自动调音的片段）, undergo（经历）, identify（识别，确定）, turning points（转折点）, in line with（与…… 一致）, pitch（音高）, note density（音符密度）, sophisticated（复杂的；精密的）, streaming（流媒体）, grab attention（吸引注意力）, repetitive（重复的）, songwriting（歌曲创作） 长难句式 1. “Researchers identify two major “melodic (旋律的) revolutions” in pop music history: one in 1975 and another in 2000. These turning points mark significant shifts in the structure and complexity of hit melodies.” 中文翻译：研究人员确定了流行音乐史上的两次重大 “旋律革命”：一次在 1975 年，另一次在 2000 年。这些转折点标志着热门旋律的结构和复杂性发生了重大转变。 2. “One theory suggests that as other aspects of music production — like complex electronic beats and richly layered instrumentation — have become more sophisticated, melodies have had to simplify to maintain a balance.” 中文翻译：一种理论认为，随着音乐制作的其他方面 —— 比如复杂的电子节拍和层次丰富的乐器编排 —— 变得更加复杂精密，旋律不得不简化以保持平衡。 2.【浙江省新阵地联盟考试2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题】 Switching food and drink purchases to very similar but more environmentally friendly alternatives could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from household groceries by more than a quarter (26%), according to a new Australian study from The George Institute published in Nature Food. Making bigger changes — like swapping a frozen meat lasagne (宽面条) for the vegetarian option — could push the reduction to as much as 71%. Lead author Dr Allison Gaines said, “Dietary habits need to change significantly if we are to meet global emissions targets, particularly in high-income countries like Australia, the UK, and the US.” But while consumers are increasingly aware of the environmental impact of the food system, they lack reliable information to identify the more environmentally friendly options. Researchers calculated the projected emissions of annual grocery purchases from 7,000 Australian households in The George Institute’s FoodSwitch database and global environmental impact databasets. More than 22,000 products were assigned to major, minor and sub-categories of foods (e. g. ‘bread and bakery’, ‘bread’ and ‘white bread’, respectively) to quantify emissions saved by switching both within and between groups. Making switches within the same sub-categories of foods could lead to emission reductions of 26% in Australia, equivalent to taking over 1.9 million cars off the road. Switches within minor categories of foods could lead to even bigger emission reductions of 71%. The results of the study show the potential to significantly reduce our environmental impact by switching like-for-like products. “It showed that you can switch to lower emissions products while still enjoying nutritious foods,” Dr Gaines added. A free app, called ecoSwitch, has been developed currently available in Australia, based on this research. Shoppers can use their device to scan a product barcode and check its ‘Planetary Health Rating’, a measure of its emissions shown as a score between half a star (high emissions) to five stars (low emissions). “While ecoSwitch is a much-needed first step in providing environmental transparency (透明度) for grocery shoppers, the vision is for compulsive display of a single, standardised sustainability rating system on all supermarket products,” concluded pro f Neal, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology at Imperial College London. 5．What’s the function of paragraph 2? A．To set the stage for further explanation. B．To summarize the previous paragraph. C．To give supporting details for the writer’s argument. D．To make a comparison between different countries. 6．Why do researchers make a detailed classification for products? A．To set up a comprehensive database. B．To figure out the detailed food categories. C．To measure emissions reduced by switching food. D．To ensure less air pollution caused by food options. 7．What do we know about ecoSwitch? A．It is popular in high- income countries. B．It checks the emissions of star products. C．It is a measurement system for a supermarket. D．It ensures wiser choices for food purchase. 8．What’s the best title of the text? A．EcoSwitch—a Reminder of Food Safety B．Dietary habits—a Factor of Physical Health C．Food swaps—a Way of Environmental Sustainability D．Greenhouse gas emissions—a Cause of Environmental Crisis 文章导读 关键词 environmentally friendly alternatives, greenhouse gas emissions, household groceries, dietary habits, emissions targets, FoodSwitch database, ecoSwitch app, Planetary Health Rating, sustainability rating system 文章大意 澳大利亚乔治研究所的一项新研究表明，将食品和饮料购买换成类似但更环保的替代品可大幅减少家庭食品杂货的温室气体排放，更大的改变能使减排更多。研究人员通过数据库计算了相关排放，还介绍了据此开发的免费应用程序 ecoSwitch 及其功能，最后提到未来期望有统一的可持续性评级系统展示在超市产品上。 重点词汇 greenhouse gas emissions（温室气体排放）, swap（交换，替换）, vegetarian option（素食选项）, dietary habits（饮食习惯）, emissions targets（排放目标）, quantify（量化）, equivalent to（相当于）, nutritious foods（营养食品）, barcode（条形码）, Planetary Health Rating（行星健康评级）, sustainability rating system（可持续性评级系统）, clinical epidemiology（临床流行病学） 长难句式 1. “Switching food and drink purchases to very similar but more environmentally friendly alternatives could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from household groceries by more than a quarter (26%), according to a new Australian study from The George Institute published in Nature Food.” 中文翻译：根据乔治研究所发表在《自然・食品》上的一项澳大利亚新研究，将食品和饮料的购买换成非常相似但更环保的替代品，可使家庭食品杂货的温室气体排放减少逾四分之一（26%）。 2. “Researchers calculated the projected emissions of annual grocery purchases from 7,000 Australian households in The George Institute’s FoodSwitch database and global environmental impact databasets. More than 22,000 products were assigned to major, minor and sub-categories of foods (e. g. ‘bread and bakery’, ‘bread’ and ‘white bread’, respectively) to quantify emissions saved by switching both within and between groups.” 中文翻译：研究人员在乔治研究所的 “食品转换” 数据库和全球环境影响数据库中，计算了 7000 个澳大利亚家庭年度食品杂货购买的预计排放量。超过 22000 种产品被归入食品的大类、小类和子类（例如分别为 “面包及烘焙食品”“面包” 和 “白面包”），以量化在组内和组间进行转换所节省的排放量。 3.【浙江省杭州市七彩阳光新高考研究联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期开学英语试题】 The launch of a tool to record a vanishing Greek dialect drew attention back this week to one of the great extinctions of the modern world: nine languages are believed to be disappearing every year. Romeyka, which is spoken by an ageing population of a few thousand people in the mountain villages near Turkey’s Black Sea coast, separated from modern Greek thousands of years ago. It has no written form. For linguists, it is a“ living bridge” to the ancient Greek world, the loss of which would clearly be a blow. But some languages are in even bigger trouble, with 350 that have fewer than 50 native speakers and 46 that have just one. A cooperation between Australian and British institutions paints the situation in distinct colours, with a language stripes chart, devised to illustrate the accelerating decline in each decade between 1700 and today. Its authors predict that between 50% and 90% of the world’s 7,000 languages will be extinct by 2150. Even now, half of the people on the planet speak just 24 of them. The history of languages has always been linked to colonialism (殖民主义) and political persecution (迫害), which scatter populations as well as controlling them. The Endangered Languages Alliance (ELA) has tracked down and mapped hundreds of dying languages in New York, which is an unexpected discovery. These dialects are supposed to be found in remote rural areas. Among ELA’s more shocking discoveries is that, of 700 surviving speakers of Seke, which originated in a cluster of mountain villages in Nepal, more than 150 can be traced to two apartment buildings in Brooklyn district of New York. From Sami reindeer herders across the Arctic to Australia’s Indigenous (土著的) peoples, the ways in which people express themselves hide secret messages about ancient ways of living in nature. Both a will and a way are needed if they are to survive. By simply honouring their existence, linguists play an important role. Ken Hale, an activist who is strongly for preserving endangered languages famously argued that losing any language was “like dropping a bomb on the Louvre”. 9．What does “Romeyka” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．An extinct ancient Greek language. B．A language with very few written words. C．A disappearing dialect related to ancient Greek. D．A popular dialect loved by the young generation. 10．Why are the numbers used in Paragraph 2? A．To show the importance of the dialects. B．To conclude the diversity of the dialects. C．To explain different ways to protect dialects. D．To illustrate the tendency of fast dying dialects. 11．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．Seke is a place in the mountains of Nepal. B．People assume fewer dialects exist in big cities. C．Nepal and New York were twin cities many years ago. D．ELA is not surprised to trace an original Nepal dialect to Brooklyn. 12．What does Ken Hale’s quote mean? A．The extinction of a dialect is a great loss. B．Bombing Louver is a disaster to any language. C．Ancient ways of living are kept secret in Louvre. D．Languages are to survive simply by honoring them. 文章导读 关键词 vanishing Greek dialect, language extinction, Romeyka, linguists, language stripes chart, colonialism, political persecution, Endangered Languages Alliance (ELA), Seke, preserving endangered languages 文章大意 介绍了一种记录正在消失的希腊方言的工具的推出，引发对现代世界语言大量灭绝现象的关注，提到多种语言面临灭绝危机，还阐述了语言历史与殖民主义、政治迫害相关，以及濒危语言联盟在纽约发现诸多濒危语言的情况，强调保护濒危语言的重要性。 重点词汇 vanishing（消失的）, dialect（方言）, extinction（灭绝）, ageing population（老龄化人口）, linguist（语言学家）, stripes chart（条状图）, colonialism（殖民主义）, political persecution（政治迫害）, Endangered Languages Alliance（濒危语言联盟）, Indigenous（土著的）, preserve（保护） 长难句式 1. “The launch of a tool to record a vanishing Greek dialect drew attention back this week to one of the great extinctions of the modern world: nine languages are believed to be disappearing every year.” 中文翻译：本周，一种用于记录正在消失的希腊方言的工具的推出，将人们的注意力重新吸引到现代世界的一大灭绝现象上：据信每年有九种语言正在消失。 2. “Among ELA’s more shocking discoveries is that, of 700 surviving speakers of Seke, which originated in a cluster of mountain villages in Nepal, more than 150 can be traced to two apartment buildings in Brooklyn district of New York.” 中文翻译：濒危语言联盟更令人震惊的发现之一是，在起源于尼泊尔一群山村的塞克语的 700 名现存使用者中，有 150 多人可以追溯到纽约布鲁克林区的两栋公寓楼里。 4.【浙江省杭州学军中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题】 Millions of migratory (迁徙的) birds occupy seasonally favorable breeding grounds in the Arelie, but scientists know little about the formation, maintenance and future of the migration routes of Arctic birds and the genetic determinants of migratory distance. In a new study, a multinational team of researchers under the leadership of Dr. ZHAN Xiangjiang from the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences integrated two state- of- the- art techniques — satellite tracking and whole genome sequencing (基因组测序) — and established a continental-scale migration system of peregrine falcons (游隼) in Eurasian Arctic. The researchers tracked 56 peregrine falcons from six Eurasian Arctic breeding populations and sequenced 35 genomes from four of these populations to study the migration of this species. They found that the birds used five migration routes across Eurasia, probably established between the last Ice Age 22,000 years ago and the middle-Holocene 6,000 years ago. “Peregrine falcons initiated their autumn migration mainly in September, and arrived at their wintering areas mainly in October,” said Professor Mike Bruford, an ecologist at Cardiff University. “Peregrine falcons that depart from different breeding grounds use different routes, and winter at widely distributed sites across four distinct regions. Individual birds that were tracked for more than one year exhibited strong path repeatability during migration, complete loyalty to wintering locations and limited breeding dispersal (扩散). ” The researchers quantified the migration strategies and found that migration distance is the most significant differentiation. They used whole genome sequencing and found a gene — ADCY8, which is known to be involved in long-term memory in other animals in previous research — associated with differences in migratory distance. They found ADCY8 had a variant (变体) at high frequency in long- distance migrant populations of peregrine falcons, indicating this variant is being favorably selected because it may increase powers of long- term memory thought to be essential for long- distance migration. “Previous studies have identified several candidate genomic regions that may regulate migration — but our work is the strongest demonstration of a specific gene associated with migratory behavior yet identified,” Professor Bruford said. The researchers further looked at models of likely future migration behavior to predict the impact of global warming. If the climate warms at the same rate as it has in recent decades, they predict peregrine populations in western Eurasia have the highest probability of population decline and may stop migrating altogether. “Our work is the first to begin to understand the way ecological factors may interact in migratory birds,” said Dr. ZHAN Xiangjiang. “We hope it will serve as a cornerstone to help conserve migratory species in the world” 13．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Five birds’ migration routes were built 22, 000 years ago. B．Peregrine falcons stick to the areas where they winter. C．Peregrine falcons leave for Arctic regions in September. D．Two novel research methods of migration were invented. 14．What can we infer about ADCY8? A．It is a newly-discovered gene in the new study. B．It serves as a fundamental part of long- distance migration. C．It could be strengthened by the power of long- term memory. D．It turned out to be more favored by birds than the other animals. 15．What is special about the new study? A．It has discovered a new genomic region of birds. B．It has predicted the rate at which the climate warms. C．It analyses the reasons for the decrease of peregrine falcons. D．It encourages attention to environmental effects on migratory birds. 16．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Researchers Help Conserve Migratory Species B．Biologists Find Evidence of Migration Gene in Birds C．How Long-term Memory Helps Long- distance Migration D．How Ecological Factors Affect Birds’ Migratory Distances 文章导读 关键词 migratory birds, Arctic birds, migration routes, genetic determinants, satellite tracking, whole genome sequencing, peregrine falcons, Eurasian Arctic, ADCY8 gene, global warming, conserve migratory species 文章大意 介绍了一项关于欧亚北极地区游隼迁徙的新研究，多国研究团队结合卫星跟踪和全基因组测序技术，明确了游隼的五条迁徙路线、迁徙时间等情况，还发现了与迁徙距离相关的基因 ADCY8，且预测了全球变暖对游隼种群的影响，希望该研究能为保护候鸟物种奠定基础。 重点词汇 migratory (迁徙的), breeding grounds (繁殖地), genetic determinants (遗传决定因素), integrated (整合), satellite tracking (卫星跟踪), whole genome sequencing (全基因组测序), peregrine falcons (游隼), Eurasian Arctic (欧亚北极), path repeatability (路径重复性), wintering areas (越冬区), ADCY8 gene, breeding dispersal (繁殖扩散), candidate genomic regions (候选基因组区域), global warming (全球变暖), conserve (保护) 长难句式 1. “In a new study, a multinational team of researchers under the leadership of Dr. ZHAN Xiangjiang from the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences integrated two state-of-the-art techniques — satellite tracking and whole genome sequencing (基因组测序) — and established a continental-scale migration system of peregrine falcons (游隼) in Eurasian Arctic.” 中文翻译：在一项新的研究中，由中国科学院动物研究所詹祥江博士领导的一个多国研究团队整合了两项最先进的技术 —— 卫星跟踪和全基因组测序（基因组测序），并建立了欧亚北极地区游隼的大陆尺度迁徙系统。 2. “They found ADCY8 had a variant (变体) at high frequency in long-distance migrant populations of peregrrine falcons, indicating this variant is being favorably selected because it may increase powers of long-term memory thought to be essential for long-distance migration.” 中文翻译：他们发现 ADCY8 在游隼的长距离迁徙种群中有一个高频变体，这表明该变体正受到有利的选择，因为它可能会增强被认为对长距离迁徙至关重要的长期记忆能力。 5.【浙江省杭州第二中学2024-2025学年高三8月适应性考试英语试题】 A new T-shirt that continuously monitors heart activity and detects abnormalities may help prevent strokes by identifying dangerous heart conditions like atrial fibrillation (AF). This irregular heart rhythm increases the risk of stroke and affects over a million-people in Britain, with an estimated 500,000 more remaining undiagnosed due to a lack of noticeable symptoms. While some individuals experience signs like chest pain, dizziness, or fatigue, many only discover the condition after suffering a stroke. Detecting AF typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG), performed in a hospital where trained staff attach up to 24 electrodes to different parts of the body. However, since AF often occurs intermittently (间歇地), a short hospital check-up may not detect it. To counter this, doctors sometimes provide patients with a Holter monitor, a device worn under clothing that records heart activity. However, it’s bulky, inconvenient, and requires multiple wires to be attached to the chest, making it uncomfortable for daily wear. The Cardioskin T-shirt offers a more practical alternative. Made from cotton and washable up to 35 times, it has 15 small electrodes woven into the chest area to monitor heart signals continuously. The T-shirt can be worn 24 hours a day, increasing the likelihood of detecting abnormal rhythms. Powered by a removable battery, the electrodes feed data to a microchip, which wirelessly transmits the information to an app. The app converts the data into an easy-to-read chart, highlighting any irregular heart activity. The results are then shared with the patient’s doctor, allowing for remote monitoring without requiring hospital visits. This innovative design could make diagnosing AF easier and more accessible, potentially reducing the risk of stroke for many. Professor Martin Cowie, a cardiologist at Imperial College London, views Cardioskin as an significant development in heart health monitoring, offering a comfortable and efficient tool for early detection of cardiac problems. 17．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．The difficulty in detecting atrial fibrillation. B．The benefit of wearing a Holter monitor. C．The process of recording heart activity. D．The future of developing a new ECG. 18．Why did the author mention a Holter monitor in the text? A．To introduce a way to check the patient’s heart. B．To explain why doctors like using the device. C．To show the advantage of a Cardiosk in T-shirt over it. D．To encourage people to care about their health. 19．What can we learn about the Cardiosk in T-shirt? A．It has electrodes placed all over the T-shirt. B．It can be worn a month without being washed. C．It has a battery that can be charged easily and quickly. D．It can make the process of diagnosis timely and convenient. 20．What could be the best title for the passage? A．New ECC: an important development for doctors B．Hi-tech T-shirt: a good helper for detecting strokes C．Holter monitor: a device tracking patients’ heart problems D．Cardiosk in T-shirt: a shirt keeping patients from diseases 文章导读 关键词 T-shirt, heart activity monitoring, detect abnormalities, prevent strokes, atrial fibrillation (AF), electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitor, Cardioskin T-shirt, electrodes, microchip, app, early detection, cardiac problems 文章大意 介绍了一款能持续监测心脏活动并检测异常的新型 T 恤，可通过识别心房颤动等危险心脏状况预防中风。对比了检测心房颤动的常规方法如心电图、动态心电图监测仪的不足，阐述了 Cardioskin T 恤的优势，包括其材质、电极设置、数据传输方式等，最后提到伦敦帝国理工学院的心脏病专家认为它是心脏健康监测方面的重要进展。 重点词汇 monitor (监测), detect (检测), stroke (中风), atrial fibrillation (AF), electrocardiogram (ECG), intermittently (间歇地), Holter monitor, bulky (笨重的), Cardioskin T-shirt, electrodes (电极), washable (可洗涤的), microchip (微芯片), wirelessly (无线地), convert (转换), early detection (早期检测), cardiac problems (心脏问题), cardiologist (心脏病专家) 长难句式 1. “This irregular heart rhythm increases the risk of stroke and affects over a million-people in Britain, with an estimated 500,000 more remaining undiagnosed due to a lack of noticeable symptoms.” 中文翻译：这种不规则的心律会增加中风的风险，在英国影响着超过一百万人，由于缺乏明显症状，估计还有五十万人仍未被诊断出来。 2. “The Cardioskin T-shirt offers a more practical alternative. Made from cotton and washable up to 35 times, it has 15 small electrodes woven into the chest area to monitor heart signals continuously.” 中文翻译：Cardioskin T 恤提供了一种更实用的替代方案。它由棉花制成，可洗涤多达 35 次，胸部区域织入了 15 个小电极，可连续监测心脏信号。 模块六 高考真题特训 2024年1月浙江卷C篇 On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 8．What does the project aim to do? A．Conserve moisture in the soil. B．Forecast disastrous hailstorms. C．Prevent the formation of hailstones. D．Investigate chemical use in farming. 9．Who are opposed to the project? A．Managers of insurance companies. B．Farmers in east-central Alberta. C．Provincial government officials. D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 10．Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C．To show the link between storms and moisture. D．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. 11．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B．Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. 2024年1月浙江卷D篇 The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults, we face a version(版本) of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism(机制) to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining (获取) calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch(不匹配) is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist (抵抗) tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative (有重大影响的) environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized (高度重视) new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now endlessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful (深思熟虑的) about our caloric consumption (热量消耗), we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 12．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test? A．Take an examination alone. B．Show respect for the researchers. C．Share their treats with others. D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes. 13．According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ______. A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 14．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Absorb new information readily (欣然地). B．Use diverse information sources. C．Be selective information consumers. D．Protect the information environment. 15．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Eat Less, Read More B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans C．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups D．The Marshmallow Test for Children. 2023年1月浙江卷C篇 A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.” What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. 28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A．To explain the use of a software program. B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition. 29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences. 30．What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond? A．Create rules. B．Comprehend meaning. C．Talk fluently. D．Identify difficult words. 31．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Social interaction is key to understanding symbols. B．The human brain has potential yet to be developed. C．Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters. D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future. 2023年1月浙江卷D篇 According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫). Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms. Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick. 32．What do solar developers often ignore? A．The decline in the demand for solar energy. B．The negative impact of installing solar panels. C．The rising labor cost of building solar farms. D．The most recent advances in solar technology. 33．What does InSPIRE aim to do? A．Improve the productivity of local farms. B．Invent new methods for controlling weeds. C．Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D．Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. 34．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development. C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy. 35．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D．Solar Farms: A New Development 2022年1月浙江卷C篇 The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modern world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier. "It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modern America. Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel. The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they put it to more uses than anyone else. " Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home. Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major forms of power delivery. To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one. 4．What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity? A．It is closely linked to the steam age. B．It began earlier than proper thought. C．It is a little-studied period of history. D．It will come to an end sooner or later. 5．What can be inferred about Ned? A．He was born in New York City. B．He wrote many increasing stories, C．He created an electricity company. D．He lived mainly in the 19th century. 6．What is the text? A．A biography. B．A book review. C．A short story. D．A science report. 2022年1月浙江卷D篇 The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women. Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. " For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts. A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems. These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness. "However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups. 7．What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph? A．Positive effects of doing exercises. B．Exercises suitable for the middle-aged. C．Experimental studies on diseases. D．Advantages of sporty woman over man 8．Why did the researchers ask the women to do bicycle exercise? A．To predict their maximum heart rate. B．To assess their cardiovascular capacity C．To change their habits of working out D．To detect their potential health problems 9．What do we know about Dr Horder's study? A．It aimed to find a cure for dementia. B．Data collection was a lengthy process. C．Some participants withdrew from it. D．The results were far from satisfactory. 10．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia B．Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise C．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia D．Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 阅读理解长难句与CD篇剖析及名校真题特训 ·模块一 长难句的常见形式 ·模块二 破解长难句方法 ·模块三 阅读理解CD篇长难句分析 ·模块四 名校模考题特训 ·模块五 高考真题题特训 模块一 长难句的常见形式 高考阅读理解的文章一般会有一些结构复杂的句子，增加了句子的长度和难度，干扰了学生正常的阅读速度和思维方式。 · 复合句 这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如：The man is a teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。 I urge you to contact your state legislators to move this legislation forward so that this weekend will be one of the last times when we have to “fall back”. 分析　此句的主语为I，谓语是urge, so that引导的结果状语从句。在结果状语从句中when引导定语从句。 · 分隔结构 高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。 “The results are pretty exciting—strong levels of reductions—but there clearly are going to be things to be learned from the areas where the reductions are not as great.” said Penn State University professor Elizabeth McGraw. 提醒　分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻辑，插入补充了一些额外的信息。 · 成分省略或倒装 在英语句子中，用词简洁是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。有时为了强调句子表达的重心，对句子进行倒装。 By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study. 分析　此句正常语序为： By the end of the century, if it is not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study. 模块二 破解长难句方法 题 · 找谓语，定主语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如 Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment --- although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. 【简析】 此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有： was opposed --he; ordered--he; (should) not be used ---federal--funds; had proposed --- no one; asked--he (asked前面有and, 说明asked与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列)。这一句的主干为 “he ordered... asked ....”, “Declaring that...”作状语。 句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的蓄牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro 为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。 · 提主干，去枝叶（从句等） 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如： First  put  forward  by  the  French  mathematician  Pierre de Format in the 17th century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be  able  to  study  at  the Eco-lab Poly technique. 【简析】本句夹杂分词短语、动名词及两个定语从句。 “First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century”为过去分词短语作状语;“including...”为介词短语作状语;“who made...and who had to...”为两个并列的定语从句，修饰a French woman scientist。所以句子的主干为the theorem had baffled  and beaten the finest mathematical minds此为主要信息。 句意：这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家Pierre de Format提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，其中包括一个法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展。为了能够在Eco-lab Poly technique理工学院学习她曾女扮男装。 · 寻关联，辨逻辑 一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够分辨出句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，则长句就容易对付得多了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。 Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. 【简析】“whereas”提示前后对比; not unusual=usual; not...until...直到……才……。 句意：一个女人最亲密的女性朋友最可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败的婚姻的人;而听见一个男人说，直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上，他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的事。 · 看搭配，防隔离 有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。读者若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，则对句意的理解就会发生偏差。如： Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products，to some degree，their main selling points and emphasize it in their advertising. 【简析】其实本句是一个“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型“make+宾语+宾补”，即“使……成为……”，只不过宾语和宾补被“to some degree”隔开而已。 句意：一些公司把生产的卫生的、安全的产品，从某种程度上说，当作他们的卖点，并在广告中强调这一点。 · 关键词，抓线索 有时某些句子句意模糊，读者理不清头绪，这时读者只能依靠关键词来抓，从而在大体上搞清楚句意。总之，在碰到长句和难句时，要根据实际情况灵活运用上述方法，在平时阅读过程中要加强对长句和难句的句法分析训练。有时要几种方法综合使用才能正确理解句意。如： We even have different words for some food，meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked,which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper class Normans were doing most of the eating. 【简析】本句夹杂多种语法结构，而且包含对比。句子的主干为“We even have different words for some foods，meat in particular”;“depending on...”为分词短语作状语;“whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked”作depending on的宾语;“which”引导非限制性定语从句指代上述内容“the fact”后为其同位语，即同位语从句说明fact的具体内容。 句意：我们甚至对某些食物用不同的单词表达，特别是肉类，这取决于它是长在田野时，还是在家里准备煮着吃，这就表明一个事实，即萨克森农民在农田干活，而上层阶级的诺曼人在大口地吃。 模块三 阅读理解CD篇长难句分析 新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934 better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America? A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports. C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals. 29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute. 30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934? A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away. C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money. 31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting 【词汇】 1.continent 2.astonishing 3.variety 4.precious 5.resource 6.decimate 7.handful 8.overly 9.ambitious 10.house 11.waterfowl 12.destruction 13.vital 14.survival 15.annually 16.purchase 17.political 18.cartoonist 19.appoint 20.inclusion 21.available 22.generation 23.habitat 24.conservation 25.initiate 26.decline 27.export 28.acquire 29.distribute 30.migratory 31.refuge 【词汇答案】 1.continent n. 大陆；洲；(the Continent)欧洲大陆 2. astonishing adj. 惊人的 3.variety n. 多样；种类；多样化n. 杂耍 4.precious adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的；矫揉造作的adv. 极其n. <口>宝贝，心爱的人 5.resource n. 资源；机敏；才略；寄托；消遣 6.decimate v. 毁掉大部分；大量杀死；使骤减 7.handful n. 一把；少数；<非>难控制的人；棘手之事 8.overly adv. 过度地；极度地 9.ambitious adj. 有雄心的；野心勃勃的；有抱负的 10.house n. 房屋；住一屋的人；机构；议院；观众；听众；黄道十二宫之一v. 给…房子住；储存(某物)；容纳；藏有 11.waterfowl n. 水鸟；水禽 12.destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 13.vital adj. 至关重要的；有活力的；生死攸关的 14.survival n. 幸存；幸存者；生存；残存物，幸存物；【人类学】(失去原有意义、作用的)残存文化特征 15.annually adv. 每年；年年 16.purchase vt. 购买n. 购买；购买的物品 17.political adj. 政治的；政治上的；政党的；人事的；争权夺利的 18.cartoonist n. 漫画家 19.appoint v. 任命；委派；指定；约定 20.inclusion n. 包含 21.available adj. 可利用的；可得到的；有空的；有效的；<贬>【政】有资格的，适合的 22.generation n. 代；（产品类型的）代；产生；繁殖 23.habitat n. 栖息地；产地 24.conservation n. 保存；保护；守恒；节约 25.initiate vt. 开始；创始；启蒙；介绍加入n. 创始人adj. 新加入的；启蒙的 26.decline v. 下降；减少；变弱；拒绝；倾斜n. 衰微；跌落；晚年 27.export n. 输出；出口；输出品；输出存储器的信息v. 输出；出口；带走，运走；从存储器输出信息 28.acquire vt. 获得；学到；取得 29.distribute v. 分配；散发；分布 30.migratory adj. 迁移的；流浪的 31.refuge n. 避难；避难所；庇护v. 庇护；避难 【长难句分析】 1. When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析：当探险家们第一次踏上北美洲大陆时，天空和大地上充满了各种各样的野生动物。 这是复合句，由“when”引导的时间状语此句“When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America”，和主句“the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife”。 翻译：成百上千万英亩的湿地被晒干，用来喂养和居住不断增加的水禽种群，大大减少了水禽的栖息地 2. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地). 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析： 此句为简单句，“to feed and house the ever-increasing populations”为目的状语，分词短语“greatly reducing waterfowl habitat”作结果状语。 翻译：成百上千万英亩的湿地被晒干，用来喂养和居住不断增加的水禽种群，大大减少了水禽的栖息地 3. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徒的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析：此句为简单句，主句为“nation took firm action”，其中“with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act)”作伴随状语，“to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徒的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival”为目的状语。 翻译： 1934年，随着《候鸟捕猎邮票法》的通过，越来越受到关注的国家采取了坚定的行动，阻止对候鸟及其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。 4. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析：此句为复合句，主句为“The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. ‘Ding’Darling”，同位语“a political cartoonist from Des Moines”，定语从句“who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.”。 翻译： “丁”达林，一个来自洛瓦州得梅因的政治漫画家，他当时被富兰克林罗斯福总统任命为生物调查局局长。 5. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System-a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析：主句为“About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund”，其中不定式“to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System”作为目的状语。同位语从句“that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.”和“a fact”互为同位语。 翻译：每枚鸭邮票中约98美分直接进入候鸟保护基金，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，纳入国家野生动物保护区系统——这一事实确保了这片土地将得到保护，并为子孙后代提供。 6. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：难怪联邦鸭邮票计划被称为有史以来最成功的保护计划之一。 【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。 【29题详解】 词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。 新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction. 32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence? A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind. C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities. 33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2? A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept. C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction. 34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence? A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies. C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives. 【词汇】 1.popularization 2.original 3.makeup 4.character 5.motivation 6.mental 7.stability 8.optimism 9.accurately 10.potential 11.victim 12.moral 13.overall 14.publicity 15.beneficial 16.positive 17.aspect 18.promote 19.well-being 20.adaptively 21.continuing 22.appeal 23.desirable 24.excite 25.scholarly 26.perspective 27.measure 28.mention 29.clarify 30.prediction 31.attitude 32.favorable 33.intolerant 34.expectation 35.application 【词汇答案】 1.popularization n. 通俗化；平易化；普及 2.original adj. 原始的；最初的；有独创性的；原版的n. 原版；真品；怪人；有独创性的人n. 起源 3.makeup . 化妆品；组成；体格；性格；补充；<美>补考；[印]排版 4.character n. 个性；品质；字符；人物；名誉；地位adj. [剧](角色)代表某一特性的 5.motivation n. 动机；动力；刺激；积极性 6.mental adj. 思想的；心理的；精神的；脑力的n. 精神病患者 7.stability n. 稳定性；居于修道院 8.optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义 9.accurately adv. 准确地；精确地 10.potential adj. 潜在的；可能的n. 潜力；潜能n. 电位；电势 11.victim n. 受害者；受骗者；牺牲 12.moral adj. 道德的；精神上的n. 寓意；道德；品行；伦理 13.overall adj. 全部的；总体的；全面考虑的adv. 总的来说；总共n. 罩衫；工作服 14.publicity n. 公众的注意；宣传；宣扬；宣传品；广告 15.beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的 16.positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；明确的；正面的；正数的；阳性的n. 正面；正数；正片；[语]原级 17.aspect n. 方面；方位；外观；外貌 18.promote vt. 促进；提升；升迁；发起；促销，推销 19.well-being n. 康乐；安宁 20.adaptively adj. 适合的；适应的 21.continuing adj. 连续的；持续的；不间断的 22.appeal n. 恳求；呼吁；上诉；吸引力n. (体育比赛中)诉请裁决v. 呼吁；有吸引力；求助；诉请 23.desirable adj. 令人满意的；性感的；有吸引力的；值得的；令人向往的n. 有吸引力的人或物 24.excite vt. 使兴奋；使激动；刺激；激起 25.scholarly adj. 学术性的；学究气的；学者派头的 26.perspective n. 远景；看法；透视adj. 透视的 27.measure n. 措施；量度；尺寸；程度；办法v. 测量；比较；给予；权衡 28.mention vt. 提到；说起n. 提及；说起 29.clarify vt. 澄清；阐明；净化 30.prediction n. 预言；预报 31.attitude n. 态度；看法；姿势 32.favorable adj. 有利的；顺利的；良好的；赞同的 33.intolerant adj. 不能容忍的；偏执的 34. expectation n. 预料；期望 35.application n. 应用；申请；专心；应用程序 【长难句分析】 1. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desitrble in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析： 此句为复合句，其中主句为“Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything”，其中定语从句“that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and ‘people skills.’”修饰everything。 翻译：许多人现在误解了情商，认为情商几乎是一个人妆容中所有必须的、用智商测试无法衡量的东西，比如性格、动机、信心、心理稳定性、乐观主义和“人际交往能力” 2. Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析： 此句为复合句，主句为“Research has shown”，宾语从句为“that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.”，其中从句中“but”连接两个并列成分。 翻译：研究表明，情感技能可能有助于这些素质中的一些，但其中大多数远远超出了基于技能的情商。 3. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析：此句为并列句，“while”表示两个句子的对比，前面的句子主干为“The ability may be used by a doctor”，其中不定式短语“to accurately understand how others are feeling”做后置定语修饰“ability”；不定式短语“to find how best to help her patients”“ to control potential victims”为目的状语。 翻译：准确理解他人感受的能力可能会被医生用来发现如何最好地帮助她的病人，而骗子可能会用它来控制潜在的受害者。 4. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析：此句为复合句，由“Although”引导的让步状语从句，从句中由“what”引导的宾语从句“what research can reasonably support”，主句为“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful”。 翻译：尽管关于情商的流行观点远远超出了研究所能合理支持的范围，但宣传的总体效果是利大于弊。 5. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析： 此句为简单句，主系表的结构。其中主语较长“The most positive aspect of this popularization”其中心词为“aspect”。 翻译：这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感的新的和迫切需要的重视。 6. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析： 此句为简单句，主干为“The popularization has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality and how” 其结构为“主语+help sb. do sth.”。 翻译： 情绪智力的普及有助于公众和研究人员重新评估情绪的功能，以及情绪如何在日常生活中适应地为人们服务。 7. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析：此句为复合句，由“Although”引导的让步状语从句和主句构成。其中主句“We hope that”后跟“that”引导的宾语从句。 翻译：尽管情商的持续流行是可取的，但我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。 8. It is our hope that in coming decades，advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________ 句子结构分析：此句为复合句，主句“It is our hope”，其中it作为形式主语，“that in coming decades，advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives”为祝语从句。 翻译：我们希望，在未来几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角。 【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities (研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. …The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。 模块四 名校模考题特训 1.【浙江省浙南名校联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期第一次联考10月英语试题】 From the swinging rhythms of the 1950s to the autotuned hooks of today, pop music has undergone a remarkable transformation. But what exactly has changed, and how can we measure it? Researchers identify two major “melodic (旋律的) revolutions” in pop music history: one in 1975 and another in 2000. These turning points mark significant shifts in the structure and complexity of hit melodies. Interestingly, these musical milestones aren’t perfectly in line with the revolutions in harmony and tone color, suggesting that different aspects of music may evolve at different rates. During these revolutions, melodies have generally become simpler, both in terms of pitch (音高) and rhythm. Modern pop hits tend to use a smaller range of notes and simpler rhythmic patterns compared to those from the 1950s and 60s. At the same time, there was a dramatic increase in “note density” — the number of notes squeezed into each second of music. This means that while today’s pop melodies might be simpler in structure, they’re often delivered more rapidly, creating a sense of energy and urgency that wasn’t as common in earlier decades. There are several interesting possibilities for what is happening. One theory suggests that as other aspects of music production — like complex electronic beats and richly layered instrumentation — have become more sophisticated, melodies have had to simplify to maintain a balance. Another explanation points to the changing landscape of music consumption. In an era of streaming and social media, where listeners can skip to the next song in seconds, there may be more pressure to create tunes that grab attention instantly. This could favor simpler, more repetitive melodies that are easy to remember and sing along to. Relationships between different musical features have also become stronger in recent years. For example, in post-2000 pop hits, melodies with more notes per second tend to be less complex in terms of pitch variety. This suggests that modern pop songwriting may be following stricter patterns than in the past. 1．What change has taken place in pop music over the years? A．Denser notes. B．Bigger range of pitch. C．More complex rhythms. D．More diverse tone colors. 2．Which of the following may contribute to the revolution of pop music? A．The difficulty in creating catchier tunes. B．The conventional patterns to enjoy music. C．The convenience of switching between songs. D．The need to balance increasingly intense beats. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Pop songwriting might be more flexible in the past. B．Modern pop music prioritizes simplicity in melody. C．Post-2000 pop hits feature complexity in pitch variety. D．Relationships between musical elements are invariable. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To prove a viewpoint. B．To remove some doubts. C．To illustrate a principle. D．To analyze a phenomenon. 文章导读 关键词 pop music, transformation, melodic revolutions, 1975, 2000, simplicity of melodies, note density, music production, music consumption, relationships between musical features 文章大意 阐述流行音乐从 20 世纪 50 年代至今发生显著转变，提及流行音乐史的两次 “旋律革命”，介绍旋律在音高、节奏等方面的变化及原因，还谈到近年来不同音乐特征间关系的变化。 重点词汇 swinging rhythms（摇摆节奏）, autotuned hooks（自动调音的片段）, undergo（经历）, identify（识别，确定）, turning points（转折点）, in line with（与…… 一致）, pitch（音高）, note density（音符密度）, sophisticated（复杂的；精密的）, streaming（流媒体）, grab attention（吸引注意力）, repetitive（重复的）, songwriting（歌曲创作） 长难句式 1. “Researchers identify two major “melodic (旋律的) revolutions” in pop music history: one in 1975 and another in 2000. These turning points mark significant shifts in the structure and complexity of hit melodies.” 中文翻译：研究人员确定了流行音乐史上的两次重大 “旋律革命”：一次在 1975 年，另一次在 2000 年。这些转折点标志着热门旋律的结构和复杂性发生了重大转变。 2. “One theory suggests that as other aspects of music production — like complex electronic beats and richly layered instrumentation — have become more sophisticated, melodies have had to simplify to maintain a balance.” 中文翻译：一种理论认为，随着音乐制作的其他方面 —— 比如复杂的电子节拍和层次丰富的乐器编排 —— 变得更加复杂精密，旋律不得不简化以保持平衡。 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了流行音乐经历了一个热门旋律的结构和复杂性的重大转变，本文介绍了转变的具体方面并分析其原因。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“At the same time, there was a dramatic increase in “note density” — the number of notes squeezed into each second of music. (与此同时，“音符密度”——音乐中每一秒钟的音符数量——也有了戏剧性的增加)”可知，多年来，流行音乐中高密度音符发生了变化。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Another explanation points to the changing landscape of music consumption. In an era of streaming and social media, where listeners can skip to the next song in seconds, there may be more pressure to create tunes that grab attention instantly. (另一种解释指出了音乐消费格局的变化。在一个流媒体和社交媒体的时代，听众可以在几秒钟内跳到下一首歌曲，创作出能够立即吸引注意力的曲调可能会有更大的压力)”可知，在歌曲之间切换的便利可能导致流行音乐的革命。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“For example, in post-2000 pop hits, melodies with more notes per second  tend to be less complex in terms of pitch variety. This suggests that  modern pop songwriting may be following stricter patterns than in the  past.(例如，在2000年后的流行歌曲中，每秒音符更多的旋律在音高变化方面往往不那么复杂。这表明现代流行歌曲创作可能比过去遵循更严格的模式)”可推知，流行歌曲创作在过去可能更加灵活。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“From the swinging rhythms of the 1950s to the autotuned hooks of today, pop music has undergone a remarkable transformation. But what exactly has changed, and how can we measure it? (从20世纪50年代的摇摆节奏到今天的自动调音挂钩，流行音乐经历了一个显著的转变。但究竟是什么发生了变化，我们又该如何衡量呢？)”以及后文对流行音乐经历的一个热门旋律的结构和复杂性的重大转变的具体方面和原因进行介绍和分析。由此推知，本文的目的是分析一种现象。故选D。 2.【浙江省新阵地联盟考试2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题】 Switching food and drink purchases to very similar but more environmentally friendly alternatives could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from household groceries by more than a quarter (26%), according to a new Australian study from The George Institute published in Nature Food. Making bigger changes — like swapping a frozen meat lasagne (宽面条) for the vegetarian option — could push the reduction to as much as 71%. Lead author Dr Allison Gaines said, “Dietary habits need to change significantly if we are to meet global emissions targets, particularly in high-income countries like Australia, the UK, and the US.” But while consumers are increasingly aware of the environmental impact of the food system, they lack reliable information to identify the more environmentally friendly options. Researchers calculated the projected emissions of annual grocery purchases from 7,000 Australian households in The George Institute’s FoodSwitch database and global environmental impact databasets. More than 22,000 products were assigned to major, minor and sub-categories of foods (e. g. ‘bread and bakery’, ‘bread’ and ‘white bread’, respectively) to quantify emissions saved by switching both within and between groups. Making switches within the same sub-categories of foods could lead to emission reductions of 26% in Australia, equivalent to taking over 1.9 million cars off the road. Switches within minor categories of foods could lead to even bigger emission reductions of 71%. The results of the study show the potential to significantly reduce our environmental impact by switching like-for-like products. “It showed that you can switch to lower emissions products while still enjoying nutritious foods,” Dr Gaines added. A free app, called ecoSwitch, has been developed currently available in Australia, based on this research. Shoppers can use their device to scan a product barcode and check its ‘Planetary Health Rating’, a measure of its emissions shown as a score between half a star (high emissions) to five stars (low emissions). “While ecoSwitch is a much-needed first step in providing environmental transparency (透明度) for grocery shoppers, the vision is for compulsive display of a single, standardised sustainability rating system on all supermarket products,” concluded pro f Neal, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology at Imperial College London. 5．What’s the function of paragraph 2? A．To set the stage for further explanation. B．To summarize the previous paragraph. C．To give supporting details for the writer’s argument. D．To make a comparison between different countries. 6．Why do researchers make a detailed classification for products? A．To set up a comprehensive database. B．To figure out the detailed food categories. C．To measure emissions reduced by switching food. D．To ensure less air pollution caused by food options. 7．What do we know about ecoSwitch? A．It is popular in high- income countries. B．It checks the emissions of star products. C．It is a measurement system for a supermarket. D．It ensures wiser choices for food purchase. 8．What’s the best title of the text? A．EcoSwitch—a Reminder of Food Safety B．Dietary habits—a Factor of Physical Health C．Food swaps—a Way of Environmental Sustainability D．Greenhouse gas emissions—a Cause of Environmental Crisis 文章导读 关键词 environmentally friendly alternatives, greenhouse gas emissions, household groceries, dietary habits, emissions targets, FoodSwitch database, ecoSwitch app, Planetary Health Rating, sustainability rating system 文章大意 澳大利亚乔治研究所的一项新研究表明，将食品和饮料购买换成类似但更环保的替代品可大幅减少家庭食品杂货的温室气体排放，更大的改变能使减排更多。研究人员通过数据库计算了相关排放，还介绍了据此开发的免费应用程序 ecoSwitch 及其功能，最后提到未来期望有统一的可持续性评级系统展示在超市产品上。 重点词汇 greenhouse gas emissions（温室气体排放）, swap（交换，替换）, vegetarian option（素食选项）, dietary habits（饮食习惯）, emissions targets（排放目标）, quantify（量化）, equivalent to（相当于）, nutritious foods（营养食品）, barcode（条形码）, Planetary Health Rating（行星健康评级）, sustainability rating system（可持续性评级系统）, clinical epidemiology（临床流行病学） 长难句式 1. “Switching food and drink purchases to very similar but more environmentally friendly alternatives could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from household groceries by more than a quarter (26%), according to a new Australian study from The George Institute published in Nature Food.” 中文翻译：根据乔治研究所发表在《自然・食品》上的一项澳大利亚新研究，将食品和饮料的购买换成非常相似但更环保的替代品，可使家庭食品杂货的温室气体排放减少逾四分之一（26%）。 2. “Researchers calculated the projected emissions of annual grocery purchases from 7,000 Australian households in The George Institute’s FoodSwitch database and global environmental impact databasets. More than 22,000 products were assigned to major, minor and sub-categories of foods (e. g. ‘bread and bakery’, ‘bread’ and ‘white bread’, respectively) to quantify emissions saved by switching both within and between groups.” 中文翻译：研究人员在乔治研究所的 “食品转换” 数据库和全球环境影响数据库中，计算了 7000 个澳大利亚家庭年度食品杂货购买的预计排放量。超过 22000 种产品被归入食品的大类、小类和子类（例如分别为 “面包及烘焙食品”“面包” 和 “白面包”），以量化在组内和组间进行转换所节省的排放量。 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．D 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的澳大利亚研究，该研究探讨了通过选择更环保的食品和饮料替代品来减少家庭杂货购买所产生的温室气体排放。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Lead author Dr Allison Gaines said, “Dietary habits need to change significantly if we are to meet global emissions targets, particularly in high-income countries like Australia, the UK, and the US.” But while consumers are increasingly aware of the environmental impact of the food system, they lack reliable information to identify the more environmentally friendly options.(首席作者艾莉森·盖恩斯博士说：“如果我们想要达到全球排放目标，特别是在像澳大利亚、英国和美国这样的高收入国家，饮食习惯需要发生重大变化。”然而，尽管消费者越来越意识到食品系统对环境的影响，但他们缺乏可靠的信息来识别更环保的选择)”可知，第二段引用了研究的主要作者艾莉森·盖恩斯博士的话，并提到消费者缺乏可靠的信息来识别更环保的选择，为接下来的研究细节和ecoSwitch应用程序的介绍做了铺垫。故选A项。 6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“More than 22,000 products were assigned to major, minor and sub-categories of foods (e. g. ‘bread and bakery’, ‘bread’ and ‘white bread’, respectively) to quantify emissions saved by switching both within and between groups.(超过22,000种产品被分配到了主要、次要和子类别的食品(例如“面包和烘焙”、“面包”和“白面包”)以量化通过在同一类别内或跨类别更换产品所节省的排放量)”可知，研究人员对产品进行详细的分类是为了测量更换产品所节省的排放量。故选C项。 7．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“A free app, called ecoSwitch, has been developed currently available in Australia, based on this research. Shoppers can use their device to scan a product barcode and check its ‘Planetary Health Rating’, a measure of its emissions shown as a score between half a star (high emissions) to five stars (low emissions).(基于这项研究，目前在澳大利亚已经开发出了一款名为ecoSwitch的免费应用程序。购物者可以使用他们的设备扫描产品的条形码，并检查其‘行星健康评级’，这是一个衡量其排放的指标，以半颗星(高排放)到五颗星(低排放)之间的评分表示)”可知，ecoSwitch是一款免费的应用程序，它允许购物者扫描产品的条形码并检查其“行星健康评级”，从而帮助他们做出更加环保的食物购买决定。故选D项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文及文章第一段“Switching food and drink purchases to very similar but more environmentally friendly alternatives could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from household groceries by more than a quarter (26%), according to a new Australian study from The George Institute published in Nature Food . Making bigger changes—like swapping a frozen meat lasagne for the vegetarian option— could push the reduction to as much as 71%.(根据澳大利亚乔治研究所发表在《自然食品》上的一项新研究，将食物和饮料购买转向非常相似但更环保的替代品可以减少家庭杂货产生的温室气体排放超过四分之一(26%)。进行更大的改变——比如用素食选项替换冷冻肉酱宽面条——可以将减排量提高到高达71%)”可知，文章主要讨论的是通过替换相似但更环保的食物选项来减少家庭杂货产生的温室气体排放的可能性，故C项“食物替换——一种环境可持续性的方式”适合作为文章的标题。故选C项。 3.【浙江省杭州市七彩阳光新高考研究联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期开学英语试题】 The launch of a tool to record a vanishing Greek dialect drew attention back this week to one of the great extinctions of the modern world: nine languages are believed to be disappearing every year. Romeyka, which is spoken by an ageing population of a few thousand people in the mountain villages near Turkey’s Black Sea coast, separated from modern Greek thousands of years ago. It has no written form. For linguists, it is a“ living bridge” to the ancient Greek world, the loss of which would clearly be a blow. But some languages are in even bigger trouble, with 350 that have fewer than 50 native speakers and 46 that have just one. A cooperation between Australian and British institutions paints the situation in distinct colours, with a language stripes chart, devised to illustrate the accelerating decline in each decade between 1700 and today. Its authors predict that between 50% and 90% of the world’s 7,000 languages will be extinct by 2150. Even now, half of the people on the planet speak just 24 of them. The history of languages has always been linked to colonialism (殖民主义) and political persecution (迫害), which scatter populations as well as controlling them. The Endangered Languages Alliance (ELA) has tracked down and mapped hundreds of dying languages in New York, which is an unexpected discovery. These dialects are supposed to be found in remote rural areas. Among ELA’s more shocking discoveries is that, of 700 surviving speakers of Seke, which originated in a cluster of mountain villages in Nepal, more than 150 can be traced to two apartment buildings in Brooklyn district of New York. From Sami reindeer herders across the Arctic to Australia’s Indigenous (土著的) peoples, the ways in which people express themselves hide secret messages about ancient ways of living in nature. Both a will and a way are needed if they are to survive. By simply honouring their existence, linguists play an important role. Ken Hale, an activist who is strongly for preserving endangered languages famously argued that losing any language was “like dropping a bomb on the Louvre”. 9．What does “Romeyka” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．An extinct ancient Greek language. B．A language with very few written words. C．A disappearing dialect related to ancient Greek. D．A popular dialect loved by the young generation. 10．Why are the numbers used in Paragraph 2? A．To show the importance of the dialects. B．To conclude the diversity of the dialects. C．To explain different ways to protect dialects. D．To illustrate the tendency of fast dying dialects. 11．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．Seke is a place in the mountains of Nepal. B．People assume fewer dialects exist in big cities. C．Nepal and New York were twin cities many years ago. D．ELA is not surprised to trace an original Nepal dialect to Brooklyn. 12．What does Ken Hale’s quote mean? A．The extinction of a dialect is a great loss. B．Bombing Louver is a disaster to any language. C．Ancient ways of living are kept secret in Louvre. D．Languages are to survive simply by honoring them. 文章导读 关键词 vanishing Greek dialect, language extinction, Romeyka, linguists, language stripes chart, colonialism, political persecution, Endangered Languages Alliance (ELA), Seke, preserving endangered languages 文章大意 介绍了一种记录正在消失的希腊方言的工具的推出，引发对现代世界语言大量灭绝现象的关注，提到多种语言面临灭绝危机，还阐述了语言历史与殖民主义、政治迫害相关，以及濒危语言联盟在纽约发现诸多濒危语言的情况，强调保护濒危语言的重要性。 重点词汇 vanishing（消失的）, dialect（方言）, extinction（灭绝）, ageing population（老龄化人口）, linguist（语言学家）, stripes chart（条状图）, colonialism（殖民主义）, political persecution（政治迫害）, Endangered Languages Alliance（濒危语言联盟）, Indigenous（土著的）, preserve（保护） 长难句式 1. “The launch of a tool to record a vanishing Greek dialect drew attention back this week to one of the great extinctions of the modern world: nine languages are believed to be disappearing every year.” 中文翻译：本周，一种用于记录正在消失的希腊方言的工具的推出，将人们的注意力重新吸引到现代世界的一大灭绝现象上：据信每年有九种语言正在消失。 2. “Among ELA’s more shocking discoveries is that, of 700 surviving speakers of Seke, which originated in a cluster of mountain villages in Nepal, more than 150 can be traced to two apartment buildings in Brooklyn district of New York.” 中文翻译：濒危语言联盟更令人震惊的发现之一是，在起源于尼泊尔一群山村的塞克语的 700 名现存使用者中，有 150 多人可以追溯到纽约布鲁克林区的两栋公寓楼里。 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．B 12．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讨论了全球濒危语言的现状及保护它们的重要性。 9．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“which is spoken by an ageing population of a few thousand people in the mountain villages near Turkey’s Black Sea coast, separated from modern Greek thousands of years ago. It has no written form. For linguists, it is a“ living bridge” to the ancient Greek world, the loss of which would clearly be a blow.(是由土耳其黑海沿岸山区村落中几千名老年人口使用的语言，与现代希腊语分离了几千年。它没有书面形式。对于语言学家来说，它是通往古希腊世界的“活桥梁”，失去它显然是一个打击。)”可知，Romeyka是一种与现代希腊语分离了几千年的方言，没有书面形式，对于语言学家来说，它是通往古希腊世界的“活桥梁”，失去它显然是一个打击。因此，Romeyka指的是一种正在消失的与古希腊有关的方言。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But some languages are in even bigger trouble, with 350 that have fewer than 50 native speakers and 46 that have just one. A cooperation between Australian and British institutions paints the situation in distinct colours, with a language stripes chart, devised to illustrate the accelerating decline in each decade between 1700 and today. Its authors predict that between 50% and 90% of the world’s 7,000 languages will be extinct by 2150. Even now, half of the people on the planet speak just 24 of them.(但是有些语言面临着更大的麻烦，有350种语言的母语使用者不到50人，有46种语言的母语使用者只有1人。澳大利亚和英国机构之间的合作以不同的颜色描绘了这种情况，并设计了一张语言条纹图，以说明从1700年到今天，每个十年间都在加速下降的趋势。该图的作者预测，到2150年，世界上7000种语言中将有50%至90%灭绝。即使现在，地球上也有一半人只使用这24种语言。)”可知，使用数字是为了说明方言快速消亡的趋势。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“These dialects are supposed to be found in remote rural areas. Among ELA’s more shocking discoveries is that, of 700 surviving speakers of Seke, which originated in a cluster of mountain villages in Nepal, more than 150 can be traced to two apartment buildings in Brooklyn district of New York.(这些方言本应出现在偏远的农村地区。ELA更惊人的发现之一是，尼泊尔一群山村中起源的塞克语（Seke）有700名幸存者，其中一半以上的人住在纽约市，他们中的许多人甚至不知道自己是说这种语言的人。)”可知人们认为这些方言应该存在于偏远的农村地区，但令人震惊的是，在纽约布鲁克林区的两栋公寓大楼里，可以找到700名幸存的Seke方言使用者中的150多人。这表明人们认为大城市中方言的数量较少，但实际上并非如此。故选B。 12．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Ken Hale, an activist who is strongly for preserving endangered languages famously argued that losing any language was “like dropping a bomb on the Louvre”.( 以积极保护濒危语言而闻名的肯·黑尔（Ken Hale）曾激烈地表示，失去任何一种语言“就像是在卢浮宫投下一颗炸弹”。)”可知，Ken Hale的引用“losing any language was ‘like dropping a bomb on the Louvre’”意味着失去任何一种语言都是巨大的损失，就像对卢浮宫投下炸弹一样。因此，A选项“方言的灭绝是巨大的损失”是正确的解释。故选A。 4.【浙江省杭州学军中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题】 Millions of migratory (迁徙的) birds occupy seasonally favorable breeding grounds in the Arelie, but scientists know little about the formation, maintenance and future of the migration routes of Arctic birds and the genetic determinants of migratory distance. In a new study, a multinational team of researchers under the leadership of Dr. ZHAN Xiangjiang from the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences integrated two state- of- the- art techniques — satellite tracking and whole genome sequencing (基因组测序) — and established a continental-scale migration system of peregrine falcons (游隼) in Eurasian Arctic. The researchers tracked 56 peregrine falcons from six Eurasian Arctic breeding populations and sequenced 35 genomes from four of these populations to study the migration of this species. They found that the birds used five migration routes across Eurasia, probably established between the last Ice Age 22,000 years ago and the middle-Holocene 6,000 years ago. “Peregrine falcons initiated their autumn migration mainly in September, and arrived at their wintering areas mainly in October,” said Professor Mike Bruford, an ecologist at Cardiff University. “Peregrine falcons that depart from different breeding grounds use different routes, and winter at widely distributed sites across four distinct regions. Individual birds that were tracked for more than one year exhibited strong path repeatability during migration, complete loyalty to wintering locations and limited breeding dispersal (扩散). ” The researchers quantified the migration strategies and found that migration distance is the most significant differentiation. They used whole genome sequencing and found a gene — ADCY8, which is known to be involved in long-term memory in other animals in previous research — associated with differences in migratory distance. They found ADCY8 had a variant (变体) at high frequency in long- distance migrant populations of peregrine falcons, indicating this variant is being favorably selected because it may increase powers of long- term memory thought to be essential for long- distance migration. “Previous studies have identified several candidate genomic regions that may regulate migration — but our work is the strongest demonstration of a specific gene associated with migratory behavior yet identified,” Professor Bruford said. The researchers further looked at models of likely future migration behavior to predict the impact of global warming. If the climate warms at the same rate as it has in recent decades, they predict peregrine populations in western Eurasia have the highest probability of population decline and may stop migrating altogether. “Our work is the first to begin to understand the way ecological factors may interact in migratory birds,” said Dr. ZHAN Xiangjiang. “We hope it will serve as a cornerstone to help conserve migratory species in the world” 13．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．Five birds’ migration routes were built 22, 000 years ago. B．Peregrine falcons stick to the areas where they winter. C．Peregrine falcons leave for Arctic regions in September. D．Two novel research methods of migration were invented. 14．What can we infer about ADCY8? A．It is a newly-discovered gene in the new study. B．It serves as a fundamental part of long- distance migration. C．It could be strengthened by the power of long- term memory. D．It turned out to be more favored by birds than the other animals. 15．What is special about the new study? A．It has discovered a new genomic region of birds. B．It has predicted the rate at which the climate warms. C．It analyses the reasons for the decrease of peregrine falcons. D．It encourages attention to environmental effects on migratory birds. 16．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Researchers Help Conserve Migratory Species B．Biologists Find Evidence of Migration Gene in Birds C．How Long-term Memory Helps Long- distance Migration D．How Ecological Factors Affect Birds’ Migratory Distances 文章导读 关键词 migratory birds, Arctic birds, migration routes, genetic determinants, satellite tracking, whole genome sequencing, peregrine falcons, Eurasian Arctic, ADCY8 gene, global warming, conserve migratory species 文章大意 介绍了一项关于欧亚北极地区游隼迁徙的新研究，多国研究团队结合卫星跟踪和全基因组测序技术，明确了游隼的五条迁徙路线、迁徙时间等情况，还发现了与迁徙距离相关的基因 ADCY8，且预测了全球变暖对游隼种群的影响，希望该研究能为保护候鸟物种奠定基础。 重点词汇 migratory (迁徙的), breeding grounds (繁殖地), genetic determinants (遗传决定因素), integrated (整合), satellite tracking (卫星跟踪), whole genome sequencing (全基因组测序), peregrine falcons (游隼), Eurasian Arctic (欧亚北极), path repeatability (路径重复性), wintering areas (越冬区), ADCY8 gene, breeding dispersal (繁殖扩散), candidate genomic regions (候选基因组区域), global warming (全球变暖), conserve (保护) 长难句式 1. “In a new study, a multinational team of researchers under the leadership of Dr. ZHAN Xiangjiang from the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences integrated two state-of-the-art techniques — satellite tracking and whole genome sequencing (基因组测序) — and established a continental-scale migration system of peregrine falcons (游隼) in Eurasian Arctic.” 中文翻译：在一项新的研究中，由中国科学院动物研究所詹祥江博士领导的一个多国研究团队整合了两项最先进的技术 —— 卫星跟踪和全基因组测序（基因组测序），并建立了欧亚北极地区游隼的大陆尺度迁徙系统。 2. “They found ADCY8 had a variant (变体) at high frequency in long-distance migrant populations of peregrrine falcons, indicating this variant is being favorably selected because it may increase powers of long-term memory thought to be essential for long-distance migration.” 中文翻译：他们发现 ADCY8 在游隼的长距离迁徙种群中有一个高频变体，这表明该变体正受到有利的选择，因为它可能会增强被认为对长距离迁徙至关重要的长期记忆能力。 【答案】13．B 14．B 15．D 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的科学发现，研究表明，全球变暖对于长途迁徙的鸟类有很大的影响。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Individual birds that were tracked for more than one year exhibited strong path repeatability during migration, complete loyalty to wintering locations and limited breeding dispersal(扩散).(追踪超过一年的单个鸟类在迁徙过程中表现出很强的路径重复性，对越冬地点完全忠诚，并限制繁殖扩散。)”可知，它们对自己的越冬地点非常专一。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段“They found ADCY8 had a variant(变体) at high frequency in long- distance migrant populations of peregrine falcons, indicating this variant is being favorably selected because it may increase powers of long- term memory thought to be essential for long- distance migration.(他们发现ADCY8在长途迁徙的游隼种群中有一种高频率的变异，这表明这种变异被有利地选择了，因为它可能增加长期记忆的能力，这被认为是长途迁徙的必要条件。)”可推断，ADCY8是长途迁徙中必不可少的要素。故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Our work is the first to begin to understand the way ecological factors may interact in migratory birds,” said Dr. ZHAN Xiangjiang. “We hope it will serve as a cornerstone to help conserve migratory species in the world””(詹湘江博士说:“我们的工作是第一次开始了解生态因素可能在候鸟中相互作用的方式。”“我们希望它能成为保护世界迁徙物种的基石。”)”可推断，该研究的特别之处是了解了生态因素对候鸟的影响，希望更多的人关注这一点。故选D。 16．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Previous studies have identified several candidate genomic regions that may regulate migration-but our work is the strongest demonstration of a specific gene associated with migratory behavior yet identified(以前的研究已经确定了几个可能调控迁移的候选基因组区域，但我们的工作是迄今为止与迁移行为相关的特定基因的最有力的证明。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究发现证实了鸟类身上存在的迁徙基因。所以“Biologists Find Evidence of Migration Gene in Birds(生物学家在鸟类身上发现迁徙基因的证据)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。 5.【浙江省杭州第二中学2024-2025学年高三8月适应性考试英语试题】 A new T-shirt that continuously monitors heart activity and detects abnormalities may help prevent strokes by identifying dangerous heart conditions like atrial fibrillation (AF). This irregular heart rhythm increases the risk of stroke and affects over a million-people in Britain, with an estimated 500,000 more remaining undiagnosed due to a lack of noticeable symptoms. While some individuals experience signs like chest pain, dizziness, or fatigue, many only discover the condition after suffering a stroke. Detecting AF typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG), performed in a hospital where trained staff attach up to 24 electrodes to different parts of the body. However, since AF often occurs intermittently (间歇地), a short hospital check-up may not detect it. To counter this, doctors sometimes provide patients with a Holter monitor, a device worn under clothing that records heart activity. However, it’s bulky, inconvenient, and requires multiple wires to be attached to the chest, making it uncomfortable for daily wear. The Cardioskin T-shirt offers a more practical alternative. Made from cotton and washable up to 35 times, it has 15 small electrodes woven into the chest area to monitor heart signals continuously. The T-shirt can be worn 24 hours a day, increasing the likelihood of detecting abnormal rhythms. Powered by a removable battery, the electrodes feed data to a microchip, which wirelessly transmits the information to an app. The app converts the data into an easy-to-read chart, highlighting any irregular heart activity. The results are then shared with the patient’s doctor, allowing for remote monitoring without requiring hospital visits. This innovative design could make diagnosing AF easier and more accessible, potentially reducing the risk of stroke for many. Professor Martin Cowie, a cardiologist at Imperial College London, views Cardioskin as an significant development in heart health monitoring, offering a comfortable and efficient tool for early detection of cardiac problems. 17．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．The difficulty in detecting atrial fibrillation. B．The benefit of wearing a Holter monitor. C．The process of recording heart activity. D．The future of developing a new ECG. 18．Why did the author mention a Holter monitor in the text? A．To introduce a way to check the patient’s heart. B．To explain why doctors like using the device. C．To show the advantage of a Cardiosk in T-shirt over it. D．To encourage people to care about their health. 19．What can we learn about the Cardiosk in T-shirt? A．It has electrodes placed all over the T-shirt. B．It can be worn a month without being washed. C．It has a battery that can be charged easily and quickly. D．It can make the process of diagnosis timely and convenient. 20．What could be the best title for the passage? A．New ECC: an important development for doctors B．Hi-tech T-shirt: a good helper for detecting strokes C．Holter monitor: a device tracking patients’ heart problems D．Cardiosk in T-shirt: a shirt keeping patients from diseases 文章导读 关键词 T-shirt, heart activity monitoring, detect abnormalities, prevent strokes, atrial fibrillation (AF), electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitor, Cardioskin T-shirt, electrodes, microchip, app, early detection, cardiac problems 文章大意 介绍了一款能持续监测心脏活动并检测异常的新型 T 恤，可通过识别心房颤动等危险心脏状况预防中风。对比了检测心房颤动的常规方法如心电图、动态心电图监测仪的不足，阐述了 Cardioskin T 恤的优势，包括其材质、电极设置、数据传输方式等，最后提到伦敦帝国理工学院的心脏病专家认为它是心脏健康监测方面的重要进展。 重点词汇 monitor (监测), detect (检测), stroke (中风), atrial fibrillation (AF), electrocardiogram (ECG), intermittently (间歇地), Holter monitor, bulky (笨重的), Cardioskin T-shirt, electrodes (电极), washable (可洗涤的), microchip (微芯片), wirelessly (无线地), convert (转换), early detection (早期检测), cardiac problems (心脏问题), cardiologist (心脏病专家) 长难句式 1. “This irregular heart rhythm increases the risk of stroke and affects over a million-people in Britain, with an estimated 500,000 more remaining undiagnosed due to a lack of noticeable symptoms.” 中文翻译：这种不规则的心律会增加中风的风险，在英国影响着超过一百万人，由于缺乏明显症状，估计还有五十万人仍未被诊断出来。 2. “The Cardioskin T-shirt offers a more practical alternative. Made from cotton and washable up to 35 times, it has 15 small electrodes woven into the chest area to monitor heart signals continuously.” 中文翻译：Cardioskin T 恤提供了一种更实用的替代方案。它由棉花制成，可洗涤多达 35 次，胸部区域织入了 15 个小电极，可连续监测心脏信号。 【答案】17．A 18．C 19．D 20．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了一件能持续监控心脏活动并检测异常的T恤衫，并着重介绍了它给人们带来益处。 17．主旨大意题。根据第二段“However, since AF often occurs intermittently (间歇地), a short hospital check-up may not detect it. (然而，由于房颤经常间歇性发生，短期的医院检查可能无法发现它。)”和“However, it’s bulky, inconvenient, and requires multiple wires to be attached to the chest, making it uncomfortable for daily wear. (然而，它体积庞大，不方便，并且需要在胸部连接多根电线，这使得它在日常佩戴时不舒服。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是房颤检测的困难。故选A。 18．推理判断题。由第二段“However, it’s bulky, inconvenient, and requires multiple wires to be attached to the chest, making it uncomfortable for daily wear. (然而，它体积庞大，不方便，并且需要在胸部连接多根电线，这使得它在日常佩戴时不舒服。)”以及第三段“The Cardioskin T-shirt offers a more practical alternative. Made from cotton and washable up to 35 times, it has 15 small electrodes woven into the chest area to monitor heart signals continuously. (Cardioskin的T恤提供了一个更实用的选择。它由棉花制成，可洗涤多达35次，在胸部区域编织了15个小电极，以连续监测心脏信号。)”可知，作者在文中提到了一个Holter监护仪的装置目的就是为了展示这件Cardioskin T恤衫的优点。故选C。 19．推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Powered by a removable battery, the electrodes feed data to a microchip, which wirelessly transmits the information to an app. The app converts the data into an easy-to-read chart, highlighting any irregular heart activity. The results are then shared with the patient’s doctor, allowing for remote monitoring without requiring hospital visits. This innovative design could make diagnosing AF easier and more accessible, potentially reducing the risk of stroke for many. (电极由一块可移动电池供电，将数据输入微芯片，微芯片将信息无线传输到应用程序。应用程序将数据转换成易于阅读的图表，突出显示任何不规则的心脏活动。然后将结果与患者的医生共享，这样就可以在不需要去医院的情况下进行远程监控。这种创新的设计可以使诊断心房颤动更容易、更容易，潜在地降低许多人中风的风险。)”可推知，Cardioskin T恤衫使诊断过程及时、方便。故选D。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A new T-shirt that continuously monitors heart activity and detects abnormalities may help prevent strokes by identifying dangerous heart conditions like atrial fibrillation (AF). (一种新的T恤可以持续监测心脏活动并检测异常，通过识别心房颤动等危险的心脏疾病，可能有助于预防中风。)”可知，主要讲述的是一种名为Cardioskin的新型T恤，它能够持续监测心脏活动并检测异常，特别是心房颤动等危险的心脏疾病，从而可能帮助预防中风。故选B。 模块六 高考真题特训 2024年1月浙江卷C篇 On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 8．What does the project aim to do? A．Conserve moisture in the soil. B．Forecast disastrous hailstorms. C．Prevent the formation of hailstones. D．Investigate chemical use in farming. 9．Who are opposed to the project? A．Managers of insurance companies. B．Farmers in east-central Alberta. C．Provincial government officials. D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 10．Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C．To show the link between storms and moisture. D．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. 11．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B．Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. 【答案】8．C 9．B 10．D 11．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.(因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。”)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “It would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，“停止人工降雨是明智的。”在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选B。 2024年1月浙江卷D篇 The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults, we face a version(版本) of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism(机制) to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining (获取) calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch(不匹配) is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist (抵抗) tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative (有重大影响的) environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized (高度重视) new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now endlessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful (深思熟虑的) about our caloric consumption (热量消耗), we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 12．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test? A．Take an examination alone. B．Show respect for the researchers. C．Share their treats with others. D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes. 13．According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ______. A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 14．What does the author suggest readers do? A．Absorb new information readily (欣然地). B．Use diverse information sources. C．Be selective information consumers. D．Protect the information environment. 15．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Eat Less, Read More B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans C．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups D．The Marshmallow Test for Children. 【答案】12．D 13．C 14．C 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福棉花糖实验的原理，以及将其类比到成人面对信息诱惑时的自控挑战，强调在信息丰富的时代需谨慎选择信息消费。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励)”可知，孩子们需要等待15分钟后再吃糖果，才能得到第二份奖励。故选D。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining(获取) calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch(不匹配) is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist (抵抗) tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.(但是，随着我们重塑了周围的世界，大大减少了获取热量的成本和努力，我们的大脑仍然和数千年前一样，而这种不匹配是我们中许多人难以抗拒我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因)”可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful(深思熟虑的) about our caloric consumption(热量消耗), we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.(因此，正如我们需要对自己的热量消耗更加深思熟虑一样，我们也需要对自己信息的消耗更加深思熟虑，抵制精神上“垃圾食品”的诱惑，才能最有效地管理我们的时间)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选C。 15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及第二段“As adults, we face a version(版本) of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted(诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets —all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对一个版本的棉花糖测试。我们不被甜食所诱惑，而是被我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑所诱惑——所有这些设备都将我们连接到全球各种类型的信息传递系统，这些信息对我们的影响就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的影响一样)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对的信息诱惑与自我控制问题，类比儿童面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”，因此C选项“成年人的棉花糖测试”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 2023年1月浙江卷C篇 A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.” What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. 28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A．To explain the use of a software program. B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition. 29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences. 30．What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond? A．Create rules. B．Comprehend meaning. C．Talk fluently. D．Identify difficult words. 31．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Social interaction is key to understanding symbols. B．The human brain has potential yet to be developed. C．Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters. D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future. 【答案】28．B 29．C 30．B 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。 28．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Project Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军Noa Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Noa Ovadia的目的是展示Project Debater的聪明。故选B。 29．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.(尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will no doubt be ironed out(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.(Hammond所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是无关紧要的。)”可知，根据Hammond的说法，Project Debater不能理解意义，故选B。 31．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.(意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。 2023年1月浙江卷D篇 According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫). Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms. Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick. 32．What do solar developers often ignore? A．The decline in the demand for solar energy. B．The negative impact of installing solar panels. C．The rising labor cost of building solar farms. D．The most recent advances in solar technology. 33．What does InSPIRE aim to do? A．Improve the productivity of local farms. B．Invent new methods for controlling weeds. C．Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D．Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. 34．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development. C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy. 35．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D．Solar Farms: A New Development 【答案】32．B 33．C 34．A 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。 32．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。 34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。 35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。 2022年1月浙江卷C篇 The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modern world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier. "It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modern America. Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel. The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they put it to more uses than anyone else. " Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home. Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major forms of power delivery. To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one. 4．What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity? A．It is closely linked to the steam age. B．It began earlier than proper thought. C．It is a little-studied period of history. D．It will come to an end sooner or later. 5．What can be inferred about Ned? A．He was born in New York City. B．He wrote many increasing stories, C．He created an electricity company. D．He lived mainly in the 19th century. 6．What is the text? A．A biography. B．A book review. C．A short story. D．A science report. 【答案】4．A 5．D 6．B 【分析】本文是说明文。文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions.”（我很好奇，竟然没有人把蒸汽和电力革命的历史放在一起。）可知，在Klein看来，电力时代和蒸汽时代是有很紧密的联系的。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime.”（为了编织他的故事，Klein创造了一个人物Ned，它是对美国蒸汽和电力革命在一个人的整个人生中的进程的神奇的见证。）和第四段“Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity.”（同时，在19世纪，电力从好奇变成了根需。）可知，Ned见证了蒸汽时代和电力革命，所以他应该是生活在19世纪。故选D。 6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.”（为了构建他的故事，克莱因创造了奈德这个角色，一个虚构的人物，在一个人的一生中见证了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步。这是一种有助于将长篇故事变得有趣的技巧。）可知，这篇文章是一篇书评。故选B。 2022年1月浙江卷D篇 The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women. Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. " For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts. A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems. These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness. "However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups. 7．What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph? A．Positive effects of doing exercises. B．Exercises suitable for the middle-aged. C．Experimental studies on diseases. D．Advantages of sporty woman over man 8．Why did the researchers ask the women to do bicycle exercise? A．To predict their maximum heart rate. B．To assess their cardiovascular capacity C．To change their habits of working out D．To detect their potential health problems 9．What do we know about Dr Horder's study? A．It aimed to find a cure for dementia. B．Data collection was a lengthy process. C．Some participants withdrew from it. D．The results were far from satisfactory. 10．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia B．Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise C．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia D．Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness 【答案】7．A 8．B 9．B 10．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了经常锻炼的中年女性在老年时罹患失智症的几率会大大降低。 7．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）可知，第一段提到了健身锻炼的好处。故选A项。 8．细节理解题。根据上文“These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”（这些发现令人兴奋，因为在中年时改善人们的心血管健康可能会延缓甚至防止他们患上痴呆症。）以及本段“For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak cardiovascular capacity.”（在这项研究中，191名平均年龄为50岁的女性进行了自行车运动测试，直到她们精疲力竭，以测量她们的心血管峰值能力。）可知，做这项实验的目的是为了测试女性的心血管峰值能力。故选B项。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades.”（这些女性在随后的四十年里测试了六次失智症状况。）可知，此次实验的数据收集是一个长期的过程。故选B项。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）以及文章后面几段通过列举实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大大降低。故选C项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$