精品解析：黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

哈三中2024—2025学年度上学期高三学年期中考试 英语试卷 （满分150分 时间120分钟） 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What did Fred have for breakfast today? A．Bread and an egg. B．Bread and an apple. C．A banana and an apple. 2．What does the woman think of herself? A．Outgoing. B．Shy. C．Confident. 3．When will the woman meet the man? A．At 7:30. B．At 6:45. C．At 6:00. 4．What may cause the woman trouble? A．Missing a class. B．Having dinner outside. C．Getting back home too late. 5．What are the speakers talking about? A．A teacher. B．A task. C．A movie. 第二节 （共15 小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6-7题。 6．At what time will the woman meet a customer? A．2 o’clock. B．3 o’clock. C．4 o’clock. 7．Who will deliver the document? A．Ashley. B．Rebecca. C．Victor. 听第7段材料，回答8-9题。 8．Why isn’t the woman available? A．She is busy at the patient care workshop. B．She has a doctor’s appointment. C．She has a meeting with Greg. 9．What relation is the woman to the man? A．His wife. B．His workmate. C．His patient. 听第8段材料，回答10-12题。 10．Why does the woman talk to the man? A．To ask for his help B．To invite him to the music festival. C．To introduce a folk band to him. 11．When will the speakers go to get tickets? A．On Friday. B．On Saturday. C．On Sunday. 12．What is the most important for the speakers to get tickets? A．Arriving by 6:00 a. m. B．Taking something to sit on. C．Lining up in the park. 听第9段材料，回答13-16题。 13．Who is the woman staying with now? A．Her mother. B．Her father. C．Her sister. 14．What will the man do in the evening? A．Visit the woman. B．Work on his project. C．Stay with his relatives. 15．How will the man go to the woman’s house? A．By bus. B．By bike. C．By car. 16．When does the conversation take place? A．In the morning. B．At noon. C．In the afternoon. 听第10段材料，回答17—20题。 17．Where is Coopers? A．On the edge of town. B．Behind a market. C．Near the college. 18．What is the good point about Shopsmart? A．The price. B．The position. C．Transport. 19．What can people buy in Mass? A．Fruit and vegetables. B．Files and pens. C．Souvenirs. 20．What do we know about the museum in Newtown? A．It has its own shop. B．It is closed on Sunday. C．It provides parking spaces. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A Arden University Arden University has physical study centres in London, Manchester, Birmingham, and Berlin, Germany, and also offers high quality online bachelor and master degree programmes to British and international students all over the world. They have supported over 50,000 students while remaining true to their core values, ensuring higher education is available for all. Covering a range of professional subjects in 12 academic fields, Arden University makes UK education accessible and affordable through their creative study platform. Click here to view this school. University of London International Programmes We have over 60,000 students in every corner of the globe studying on more than 100 different programmes. Our global footprint and flexible study method has enabled students to study wherever they live. As a family of 19 world-class colleges and admired institutes, the University of London has an international reputation for academic distinction in teaching and research. Our students achieve exactly the same standard of internationally recognized qualification as those who attend the University itself. Click here to view this school. University of York The University of York is one of the top ten universities in the UK for teaching and research, and is ranked in the top 100 universities in the world. This well-established university consists of over 30 academic departments and research centres and a student body of 13,000, and was named Times Higher Education University of the Year 2010. Most of the distance learning courses are designed to meet professional development needs, and reflect the benefits of online learning in this context. Click here to view this school. Lloyd’s Maritime Academy Course options include popular and well-established diplomas in Marine (海洋) Surveying, Ship Management, and Maritime Law. Various accreditation levels are available from short, online based certificate courses to fully-accredited diploma and postgraduate diploma study options. We also offer our best course — the MBA in Shipping&. Logistics. The continued strength of these distance learning programmes have over 6,000 students enrolled on our courses. Click here to view this school. 1. Which holds the largest number of students? A. Arden University. B. University of York. C. Lloyd's Maritime Academy. D. University of London International Programmes. 2. What can you learn at Lloyd’s Maritime Academy? A. How to be a training teacher. B. How to be a good programmer. C. How to be a professional in shipping industry. D. How to be an excellent shipbuilder. 3. What do the four schools have in common? A. They all offer online courses. B. They are only accessible to the British. C. They are all top ten schools in the world. D. They were all built in the early 20th century. B MY GARDEN IS MY REFUGE (避难所); I find reflective isolation in it. I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion. For a long time, I guarded this place of peace and quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would hand out chores. “Here: you weed the beans, you water the onions.” Soon they would be hot or their backs would hurt from bending over, and they would leave me to myself. Then one day, I was trying to prepare the soil, and I honestly wasn’t enjoying my time of peace and loneliness. My 13-year-old son, Josiah, picked up a spare spade and began helping. Working as a team, we had the pea patch dug up and fertilized in no time at all. I thanked Josiah, realizing that I had enjoyed his company. The same thing happened with picking up rocks and planting the seeds — one or two of the children would appear to watch and then participate. Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster. So I stopped resenting their company and instead I began to share my gardening secrets. As spring became summer and the real work began, I expected the children to disappear, but no, there they were, watering, pulling weeds and checking for insects. One day I slipped out by myself to the garden, feeling a little bit guilty. I had a suspicion that the sugar snap peas were ripe, and I wanted a taste. As I walked along the row, a little voice piped up behind me. “What are you eating, Mama?” Abby’s big blue eyes sparkled as I showed her how to pull the strings off and pop (剥出) the peas into her mouth. She just loved how tasty they were. Then my sweet seven-year-old girl put me to shame. “Mama, I’ve got to pick a bunch. Won’ t the others love them? I can’t wait to share.” I realized how selfish I had been. I’d tried to keep the joys of gardening to myself, and here was a child who couldn’t wait to share with her brothers and sisters. I held back tears and said, “Sure, honey, let’s pick some and I’ll show you how to prepare them. We’ll make the most wonderful supper.” 4. Why did the writer ask her children to do chores whenever they were in the garden? A. She didn’t want to do all the work on her own. B. She intended to show the hard labor of gardening. C. She didn’t want them to get hurt or get too tired. D. She was determined to keep the garden to herself. 5. What were the children like? ① loud ② lively ③ enterprising ④ loving ⑤ strong A. ①②③④ B. ①②④ C. ①②③ D. ④⑤ 6. The underlined word “resent” probably means ______. A. dislike B. expect C. keep D. sacrifice 7. What did the writer try to tell the readers with this story? A. The best way to communicate with children is by working together. B. The golden rule of gardening is that many hands make light work. C. Everything feels better when shared with your family or your friend. D. Parents should spend as much time with their children as possible. C Wild animals are equipped with a variety of techniques to avoid becoming lunch for a bigger animal also known as a predator (捕食者) in nature. The most well-known methods include the classic fight and flight as well as freeze. A team of researchers wondered whether closeness to people might impact those survival strategies. “We often see that animals are more tolerant around us in urban areas but we don’t really know why.” says evolutionary biologist Dan Blumstein. “Is it individual plasticity, meaning individuals change their fear of us and that leads to tolerance? Or can there be an evolutionary factor involved?” To find out, Blumstein and his colleagues combined information from 173 studies of over 100 species, including mammals, birds, fish and even mollusks. It turns out that regardless of evolutionary ancestry, the animals react in a similar way to life among humans: they lose their anti-predator characteristics. That pattern is especially pronounced for plant-eating animals and for social species. This behavioral change is perhaps unsurprising when it’s intentional, the result of domestication or controlled breeding. But it turns out that urbanization alone results in a similar change, though around three times more slowly. The main point is: we’re essentially domesticating animals by urbanization. We’re selecting for the same sorts of characteristics that we would if we were actually trying to domesticate them. If the urbanization process helps animals better co-exist with people, it could be to their benefit. But if it makes them more defenseless to their nonhuman predators, it could be a real problem. Either way, these results, mean that city living has enough of an influence on wild animals that evolutionary processes kick in. Those reductions in anti-predator characteristics become encoded in their genes. We’re changing the population genetics one way or another. What the researchers now wonder is whether the mere presence of tourists in less urbanized areas can cause similar changes in wild animals. If so, serious questions exist for the idea of ethical, welfare-oriented eco-tourism. If we wish to help animals keep their anti-predator defenses, the researchers say, we might have to intentionally expose animals to predators. It’s just yet one other way that we’re changing the world around us. 8. The research led by Blumstein is aimed at ______. A. determining how animals’ survival is impacted by individual plasticity B. studying how living among humans affects animals’ survival strategies C. comparing the effectiveness of different survival techniques D. finding out which evolutionary factor impacts animals’ survival methods 9. Which of the following practices may contribute to animals losing anti-predator characteristics? A. Controlled breeding of animals. B. Banning the operation of eco-tourism. C. Planned selection of favorable genes. D. Eliminating domestication. 10. Which of the following statements is Blumstein likely to agree with? A. Urbanization has made wild animals more alert. B. Urbanization has brought concrete benefits to animals. C. City living has led to animals’ genetic variations. D. City living has helped to preserve animal species. 11. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To amuse people with recent interesting scientific findings. B. To remind people to help animals survive in a correct way. C. To promote eco-tourism in cities around the world. D. To warn people of the danger of animal presence in cities. D When evaluating people on various psychological tests, psychologists often distinguish between markers of absolute performance and relative performance. Absolute performance reflects the raw measurement of something, like the time it takes to run a mile. Relative performance is how a person rates in relation to their peers, as in what place a runner gets in a race. The standards we use to evaluate ourselves are almost always relative, as we compare ourselves to our peers and the standards that are most familiar to us. Our conscious recognition of these peers and norms is what sets our expectations, shaping our self-image and happiness. What’s interesting about the relative comparisons that most of us make is that in whatever area of life we consider — for example, our highest level of education — it’s not how we fare (成功) in comparison to the rest of the world that seems to matter most, but rather how we compare to our closest peers. For instance, in my private practice, I have one patient I will call “Omar” who is dependent on social services and makes less than $30,000 per year at his job. While this level of poverty would lead most people to wake up depressed each day, Omar is one of the most optimistic and appreciative individuals I know. Why? Because most of his closest peers — his siblings and friends from childhood — have lives far worse than his. In contrast to Omar, I have another patient, an adolescent I’ll call “Lena”, whose family has property over $5 million. Lena, however, lives in an upper-class neighborhood where her family is at the lower end of the income level. Though Lena’ s family allows her to enjoy possessions and experiences that less than 1 percent of her peers across the world can share, she consistently feels “less than”. Why? Because Lena doesn’t compare herself to the rest of the world; this is too abstract an exercise for her, as it would be for most of us. Accordingly, whether a psychologist is psychodynamic or cognitive-behavioral, therapy (疗法) with individuals struggling with situational or psychological depression aims to solve the problems associated with basing one’s self-worth on comparisons with others. Psychologists try to help people focus on personal growth around the achievement of concrete goals in line with their values independent of the achievement of others. For all of us, defining these goals, especially during periods of emotional calm, can go a long way in helping us to avoid the trap of relativity that often leads to situational and psychological depression. 12. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ______. A. show the significance of evaluating people. B. motivate readers to study psychological tests. C. help people perform well in psychological tests D. provide some background information on evaluating people. 13. Why does the author mention his two patients? A. To measure different achievement. B. To introduce the standards to evaluate people. C. To explain relative performance with examples. D. To contrast relative performance and absolute performance. 14. What message does the last paragraph convey? A. Setting goals in life is essential for everyone. B. It’s important to avoid unhealthy comparisons. C. A sense of achievement can affect one’s happiness. D. Improving self-worth can help get rid of depression. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. Happiness: Is it all relative? B. Happiness: Is it associated with achievement? C. Self-worth: Is it based on efforts? D. Self-worth: Is it measurable? 第二节 （共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Getting Lost in a Good Book Can Help Keep You Healthy I’m a novelist and it’s obviously in my interest to encourage people to read. But there’s increasing evidence that reading isn’t just for pleasure, or merely a way of improving literacy skills and factual knowledge. ___16___ Firstly, reading helps to lengthen attention spans in children and improves their ability to think clearly. ____17____ It is essential to learn this skill as a small child. The more they do it, the better they get at it. Also, reading can help people learn to empathize(产生共鸣). A recent study at the University of Michigan found that there had been a 48% decrease in empathy among college students. ____18____ In a computer game, you might have rescued a princess, but you don’t care about her, you just want to win. But a princess in a book has a past, present and future, she has connections and motivations. We can relate to her. We see the world through her eyes. As a matter of fact, reading is far from a passive activity. Reading exercises the whole brain. When we read and imagine the landscapes, sounds, smells and tastes described on the page, the various areas of the brain that are used to process these experiences in real life are activated, creating new neural pathways. ___19___ This doesn’t happen when we’re watching TV or playing a computer game. Getting sucked into a good novel appears to be beneficial to our mental health too. ____20____ Reading not only avoids feelings of loneliness, it helps us to wind down, de-stress and forget our own problems for a while. A. Stories have a structure that encourages their brains to think in sequence, to link cause, effect and significance. B. In other words, our brains model real experiences, just as if we were living them ourselves. C. When we read a good book, we’re trying to find out its main idea. D. It might actually be good for our mental and physical health too. E But those who did not enjoy these activities had lots of loss. F. As the old saying goes, “ You’re never alone with a book.” G. Encouraging reading could overcome this. 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Veteran (老兵) Willenbring has always been a fighter. She grew up with her parents on the West Coast during an adolescence she describes as sometimes ___21___. But the military struck Willenbring as a way to ___22___ the aggression she says built up during an unstable upbringing. In 1998, she joined the army and was ___23___ to a foreign country. “We were actually part of the initial ___24___to go into the country,” she says. “And I can’t even describe the ___25___.” In the scenes of destruction, Willenbring recalled some ordinary sights that briefly woke her from the stress of the war every night. As her mission came to an end, her luck ran out. She ended up severely ___26___ and had to be taken away in an air ambulance. She ___27___ returned to her home country, and spent three years living in her hometown, a city called Salem. She ___28___ to adjust to civilian life. Fireworks would ___29___ particularly difficult episodes. “I had PTSD (创伤后应激障碍) so badly that I could not ____30____ living in a city anymore,” she says. Instead, in 2010 Willenbring ____31____ on a plot with sheep in rural Oregon. The sheep, she says, have helped her manage her trauma symptoms. She’s surrounded by animals that ____32____ her emotions and can tell her own mood. The ____33____ rural life is an apparent contrast to the chaos of battle. Willenbring hasn’t had a major ____34____related to her PTSD for eight years. Farming has its dramas, she says, “but it is also something that is about creation, about ____35____ over death rather than death over life.” 21. A. violent B. graceful C. cheerful D. sad 22. A. encourage B. channel C. resist D. ignore 23. A. sent B. delivered C. brought D. led 24. A. government B. police C. force D. organization 25. A. situation B. scenery C. background D. chaos 26 A. punished B. neglected C. embarrassed D. injured 27. A. hardly B. temporarily C. immediately D. cautiously 28. A. struggled B. managed C. hesitated D. pretended 29. A. extend B. trigger C. pause D. shrink 30. A. go with B. begin with C. deal with D. negotiate with 31. A. settled B. went C. relied D. lay 32. A. control B. mirror C. express D. hide 33. A. tough B. uneasy C. peaceful D. challenging 34. A. element B. reason C. method D. episode 35. A. kindness B. gratitude C. victory D. life 第二节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 As the summer vacation goes on, museums remain in the spotlight, with crowds of visitors____36____ (long) to immerse themselves in rich traditional culture, which reflects a significant rise in people’s passion for culture. It came as a result of President Xi Jinping’s consistent promotion of traditional Chinese culture and his call for museums to bring cultural relics to life, as well as his____37____ (emphasize) on mutual learning between civilizations. Xi ____38____ (highlight) on many occasions that China’s fine traditional culture is the “root and soul” of the Chinese nation, ____39____ he has called, during visits to museums and cultural sites across the nation in the past few years, for a better employment of cultural relics and for making them “alive”. To attract more visitors, many institutions have transitioned from their role ____40____only collectors and protectors of artworks and antiques to also becoming cultural service providers. From concerts and digital immersive experiences to children’s plays, museums and cultural institutions are coming up with____41____ (innovate) ways to entertain as well as educate the public. Henan Museum in Zhengzhou, the capital of Central China’s Henan province, hosts concerts for museum visitors ____42____ feature musicians playing ancient pieces of music with traditional instruments that are replicas of antiques collected by the museum, some of which were used more than 2,000 years ago. ____43____clothing styles of the musicians are in line with the dynasties during which their specific instruments were____44____ (original) played. During Spring Festival in February, the museum welcomed about 100,000 visitors, and concert tickets were hard ______45______ (obtain). 第Ⅱ卷 第四部分 书面表达 （满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Liz来信表示对中国烹饪很感兴趣。正好这学期你校要开设“Exploring Chinese cuisine”的线上课程，请你回信向他推荐此课程。内容包括： 1．开课时间；2．课程内容；3．报名方式。 注意：1．词数80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Liz, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours LiHua 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 After graduating from college, I worked as a salesman for a piano company. We advertised our pianos in small town newspapers and then, when we received many replies, we would load our little trucks, drive into the area and sell the pianos to those who had replied. Every time we advertised, we would receive a reply on a postcard which said, “Please bring me a new piano for my little granddaughter. It must be red mahogany(红木). I can pay $10 a month with my egg money.” Of course, we could not sell a new piano for $10 a month. No finance company would carry a contract with payments that small, so we ignored her postcards. One day, however, I happened to be in that area calling on other replies, and out of curiosity I decided to meet the old lady. I found pretty much what I expected: The old lady lived in a one-room cabin in the middle of a cotton field. The cabin had a dirt floor and there were chickens in the house. Obviously, she could not have qualified to purchase anything on credit—no car, no phone, no real job, nothing but a roof over her head. I could see daylight through the roof in several places. Her little granddaughter was about 8, barefoot and wearing a dress made out of cotton bags holding animal feed. I explained to the old lady that we could not sell a new piano for $10 a month and that she should stop writing to us every time she saw our advertisement. I drove away heartsick, but my advice had no effect—she still sent us the same postcard every time we advertised. Always wanting a new piano, red mahogany, she swore she would never miss a$10 payment. It was sad. Several years later, I owned my own piano company, and each time I advertised in that area, the old lady’s postcards would come to me. 注意： （1）续写词数应为 150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 One day when I was in that area, I made a big decision. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Twenty years later, while sitting at a bar, I heard the most beautiful piano music behind me. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 哈三中2024—2025学年度上学期高三学年期中考试 英语试卷 （满分150分 时间120分钟） 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What did Fred have for breakfast today? A．Bread and an egg. B．Bread and an apple. C．A banana and an apple. 2．What does the woman think of herself? A．Outgoing. B．Shy. C．Confident. 3．When will the woman meet the man? A．At 7:30. B．At 6:45. C．At 6:00. 4．What may cause the woman trouble? A．Missing a class. B．Having dinner outside. C．Getting back home too late. 5．What are the speakers talking about? A．A teacher. B．A task. C．A movie. 第二节 （共15 小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6-7题。 6．At what time will the woman meet a customer? A．2 o’clock. B．3 o’clock. C．4 o’clock. 7．Who will deliver the document? A．Ashley. B．Rebecca. C．Victor. 听第7段材料，回答8-9题。 8．Why isn’t the woman available? A．She is busy at the patient care workshop. B．She has a doctor’s appointment. C．She has a meeting with Greg. 9．What relation is the woman to the man? A．His wife. B．His workmate. C．His patient. 听第8段材料，回答10-12题。 10．Why does the woman talk to the man? A．To ask for his help. B．To invite him to the music festival. C．To introduce a folk band to him. 11．When will the speakers go to get tickets? A．On Friday. B．On Saturday. C．On Sunday. 12．What is the most important for the speakers to get tickets? A．Arriving by 6:00 a. m. B．Taking something to sit on. C．Lining up in the park. 听第9段材料，回答13-16题。 13．Who is the woman staying with now? A．Her mother. B．Her father. C．Her sister. 14．What will the man do in the evening? A．Visit the woman. B．Work on his project. C．Stay with his relatives. 15．How will the man go to the woman’s house? A．By bus. B．By bike. C．By car. 16．When does the conversation take place? A．In the morning. B．At noon. C．In the afternoon. 听第10段材料，回答17—20题。 17．Where is Coopers? A．On the edge of town. B．Behind a market. C．Near the college. 18．What is the good point about Shopsmart? A．The price. B．The position. C．Transport. 19．What can people buy in Mass? A．Fruit and vegetables. B．Files and pens. C．Souvenirs. 20．What do we know about the museum in Newtown? A．It has its own shop. B．It is closed on Sunday. C．It provides parking spaces. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A Arden University Arden University has physical study centres in London, Manchester, Birmingham, and Berlin, Germany, and also offers high quality online bachelor and master degree programmes to British and international students all over the world. They have supported over 50,000 students while remaining true to their core values, ensuring higher education is available for all. Covering a range of professional subjects in 12 academic fields, Arden University makes UK education accessible and affordable through their creative study platform. Click here to view this school. University of London International Programmes We have over 60,000 students in every corner of the globe studying on more than 100 different programmes. Our global footprint and flexible study method has enabled students to study wherever they live. As a family of 19 world-class colleges and admired institutes, the University of London has an international reputation for academic distinction in teaching and research. Our students achieve exactly the same standard of internationally recognized qualification as those who attend the University itself. Click here to view this school. University of York The University of York is one of the top ten universities in the UK for teaching and research, and is ranked in the top 100 universities in the world. This well-established university consists of over 30 academic departments and research centres and a student body of 13,000, and was named Times Higher Education University of the Year 2010. Most of the distance learning courses are designed to meet professional development needs, and reflect the benefits of online learning in this context. Click here to view this school. Lloyd’s Maritime Academy Course options include popular and well-established diplomas in Marine (海洋) Surveying, Ship Management, and Maritime Law. Various accreditation levels are available from short, online based certificate courses to fully-accredited diploma and postgraduate diploma study options. We also offer our best course — the MBA in Shipping&. Logistics. The continued strength of these distance learning programmes have over 6,000 students enrolled on our courses. Click here to view this school. 1. Which holds the largest number of students? A. Arden University. B. University of York. C. Lloyd's Maritime Academy. D. University of London International Programmes. 2. What can you learn at Lloyd’s Maritime Academy? A. How to be a training teacher. B. How to be a good programmer. C. How to be a professional in shipping industry. D. How to be an excellent shipbuilder. 3. What do the four schools have in common? A. They all offer online courses. B. They are only accessible to the British. C. They are all top ten schools in the world. D. They were all built in the early 20th century. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了几所提供网上课程的大学。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。比较第一段中“They have supported over 50,000 students while remaining true to their core values, ensuring higher education is available for all. (他们支持了5万多名学生，同时坚持自己的核心价值观，确保所有人都能接受高等教育。)”、第二段中“We have over 60,000 students in every corner of the globe studying on more than 100 different programmes. (我们有6万多名学生在全球各地学习100多个不同的课程。)”、第三段中“This well-established university consists of over 30 academic departments and research centres and a student body of 13,000, and was named Times Higher Education University of the Year 2010. (这所历史悠久的大学由30多个学术部门和研究中心组成，拥有13000名学生，2010年被评为泰晤士高等教育大学。)”和第四段中“The continued strength of these distance learning programmes have over 6,000 students enrolled on our courses. (这些远程学习项目的持续实力使我们的课程招收了6 000多名学生。)”学生数目可知，University of London International Programmes有6万多学生，是人数最多的。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Course options include popular and well-established diplomas in Marine (海洋) Surveying, Ship Management, and Maritime Law. (课程选择包括流行和公认的海事测量、船舶管理和海商法文凭。)”可知，在Lloyd’s Maritime Academy可以了解如何成为航运业的专业人士。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Arden University has physical study centres in London, Manchester, Birmingham, and Berlin, Germany, and also offers high quality online bachelor and master degree programmes to British and international students all over the world. (雅顿大学在伦敦、曼彻斯特、伯明翰和德国柏林设有体育学习中心，并为英国和世界各地的国际学生提供高质量的在线学士和硕士学位课程。)”、第二段中“Our global footprint and flexible study method has enabled students to study wherever they live. (我们的全球足迹和灵活的学习方法使学生可以在任何地方学习。)”及“Our students achieve exactly the same standard of internationally recognized qualification as those who attend the University itself. (我们的学生获得了国际公认的资格标准，与那些在大学就读的学生完全相同。)”、第三段中“Most of the distance learning courses are designed to meet professional development needs, and reflect the benefits of online learning in this context. (大多数远程学习课程的设计是为了满足专业发展的需要，并反映了在线学习在这一背景下的好处。)”和第四段中“Various accreditation levels are available from short, online based certificate courses to fully-accredited diploma and postgraduate diploma study options. (从短期的在线证书课程到完全认可的文凭和研究生文凭学习选项，都有不同的认证级别。)”可知，它们都提供在线课程。故选A项。 B MY GARDEN IS MY REFUGE (避难所); I find reflective isolation in it. I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion. For a long time, I guarded this place of peace and quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would hand out chores. “Here: you weed the beans, you water the onions.” Soon they would be hot or their backs would hurt from bending over, and they would leave me to myself. Then one day, I was trying to prepare the soil, and I honestly wasn’t enjoying my time of peace and loneliness. My 13-year-old son, Josiah, picked up a spare spade and began helping. Working as a team, we had the pea patch dug up and fertilized in no time at all. I thanked Josiah, realizing that I had enjoyed his company. The same thing happened with picking up rocks and planting the seeds — one or two of the children would appear to watch and then participate. Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster. So I stopped resenting their company and instead I began to share my gardening secrets. As spring became summer and the real work began, I expected the children to disappear, but no, there they were, watering, pulling weeds and checking for insects. One day I slipped out by myself to the garden, feeling a little bit guilty. I had a suspicion that the sugar snap peas were ripe, and I wanted a taste. As I walked along the row, a little voice piped up behind me. “What are you eating, Mama?” Abby’s big blue eyes sparkled as I showed her how to pull the strings off and pop (剥出) the peas into her mouth. She just loved how tasty they were. Then my sweet seven-year-old girl put me to shame. “Mama, I’ve got to pick a bunch. Won’ t the others love them? I can’t wait to share.” I realized how selfish I had been. I’d tried to keep the joys of gardening to myself, and here was a child who couldn’t wait to share with her brothers and sisters. I held back tears and said, “Sure, honey, let’s pick some and I’ll show you how to prepare them. We’ll make the most wonderful supper.” 4. Why did the writer ask her children to do chores whenever they were in the garden? A. She didn’t want to do all the work on her own. B. She intended to show the hard labor of gardening. C. She didn’t want them to get hurt or get too tired. D. She was determined to keep the garden to herself. 5. What were the children like? ① loud ② lively ③ enterprising ④ loving ⑤ strong A. ①②③④ B. ①②④ C. ①②③ D. ④⑤ 6. The underlined word “resent” probably means ______. A. dislike B. expect C. keep D. sacrifice 7. What did the writer try to tell the readers with this story? A. The best way to communicate with children is by working together. B. The golden rule of gardening is that many hands make light work. C. Everything feels better when shared with your family or your friend. D. Parents should spend as much time with their children as possible. 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述作者与孩子们在花园中的互动经历，展现了作者从独自享受花园的宁静到与孩子们分享园艺乐趣的心路历程。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“MY GARDEN IS MY REFUGE (避难所);I find reflective isolation in it. I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion. For a long time, I guarded this place of peace and quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would hand out chores. “Here: you weed the beans, you water the onions.” Soon they would be hot or their backs would hurt from bending over, and they would leave me to myself.(我的花园是我的避难所，我在其中找到了反思与独处的空间。我有七个孩子，所以我们的家总是充满喧嚣与混乱。很长一段时间里，我都守护着这片宁静之地。当孩子们跟着我走进花园时，我就会给他们分配家务活。“你来：给豆子除草，你给洋葱浇水。”很快，他们就会因为天气炎热或弯腰劳作而背痛，然后他们就会离开，让我独自享受这片宁静)”可知，每次孩子们在花园里时，作者都会让他们做家务活，目的是为了把孩子支开从而独享花园的宁静。故选D。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion.(我有七个孩子，所以我们的家总是充满喧嚣与混乱)”可知，作者的孩子很吵闹；再根据文章第三段“Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster.(每次，我都会惊讶地发现，有了他们的帮助，工作变得轻松多了，他们的笑声也让时间流逝得更快)”以及“As spring became summer and the real work began, I expected the children to disappear, but no, there they were, watering, pulling weeds and checking for insects.(随着春天变成夏天，真正的农活开始了，我以为孩子们会消失得无影无踪，但没有，他们还在那里，浇水、除草、检查害虫)”可知，作者的孩子们非常活泼有爱。故选B。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章划线单词上文“Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster.(每次，我都会惊讶地发现，有了他们的帮助，工作变得轻松多了，他们的笑声也让时间流逝得更快)”及下文“instead I began to share my gardening secrets(反而开始与他们分享我的园艺秘诀)”可推测，作者开始不讨厌孩子们的陪伴，而且还开始分享自己的园艺秘诀。因此，划线词resent为“不喜欢、怨恨”之意。选项A“dislike (不喜欢)”；选项B“expect (期待)”；选项C“keep (保持)”；选项D“sacrifice (牺牲)”。故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I realized how selfish I had been. I’d tried to keep the joys of gardening to myself, and here was a child who couldn’t wait to share with her brothers and sisters. I held back tears and said, “Sure, honey, let’s pick some and I’ll show you how to prepare them. We’ll make the most wonderful supper.”(我意识到自己有多自私。我一直想把园艺乐趣留给自己，而这里有个孩子迫不及待地想和她的兄弟姐妹分享。我强忍住泪水说：“当然，亲爱的，我们摘一些吧，我来教你如何准备。我们会做出最美味的晚餐。”)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者原本独自享受花园的宁静和独处时光，后来作者逐渐发现与孩子们一起园艺也有乐趣。于是作者开始享受与孩子们一起分享花园的时光。因此，作者试图用这个故事告诉读者的是：与家人或朋友分享时，一切都感觉更美好。这既体现了作者从独享到分享的情感变化，也传达了分享带来的积极情感体验。故选C。 C Wild animals are equipped with a variety of techniques to avoid becoming lunch for a bigger animal, also known as a predator (捕食者) in nature. The most well-known methods include the classic fight and flight as well as freeze. A team of researchers wondered whether closeness to people might impact those survival strategies. “We often see that animals are more tolerant around us in urban areas, but we don’t really know why.” says evolutionary biologist Dan Blumstein. “Is it individual plasticity, meaning individuals change their fear of us and that leads to tolerance? Or can there be an evolutionary factor involved?” To find out, Blumstein and his colleagues combined information from 173 studies of over 100 species, including mammals, birds, fish and even mollusks. It turns out that regardless of evolutionary ancestry, the animals react in a similar way to life among humans: they lose their anti-predator characteristics. That pattern is especially pronounced for plant-eating animals and for social species. This behavioral change is perhaps unsurprising when it’s intentional, the result of domestication or controlled breeding. But it turns out that urbanization alone results in a similar change, though around three times more slowly. The main point is: we’re essentially domesticating animals by urbanization. We’re selecting for the same sorts of characteristics that we would if we were actually trying to domesticate them. If the urbanization process helps animals better co-exist with people, it could be to their benefit. But if it makes them more defenseless to their nonhuman predators, it could be a real problem. Either way, these results, mean that city living has enough of an influence on wild animals that evolutionary processes kick in. Those reductions in anti-predator characteristics become encoded in their genes. We’re changing the population genetics one way or another. What the researchers now wonder is whether the mere presence of tourists in less urbanized areas can cause similar changes in wild animals. If so, serious questions exist for the idea of ethical, welfare-oriented eco-tourism. If we wish to help animals keep their anti-predator defenses, the researchers say, we might have to intentionally expose animals to predators. It’s just yet one other way that we’re changing the world around us. 8. The research led by Blumstein is aimed at ______. A. determining how animals’ survival is impacted by individual plasticity B. studying how living among humans affects animals’ survival strategies C. comparing the effectiveness of different survival techniques D. finding out which evolutionary factor impacts animals’ survival methods 9. Which of the following practices may contribute to animals losing anti-predator characteristics? A. Controlled breeding of animals. B. Banning the operation of eco-tourism. C. Planned selection of favorable genes. D. Eliminating domestication. 10. Which of the following statements is Blumstein likely to agree with? A. Urbanization has made wild animals more alert. B. Urbanization has brought concrete benefits to animals. C. City living has led to animals’ genetic variations. D City living has helped to preserve animal species. 11. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To amuse people with recent interesting scientific findings. B. To remind people to help animals survive in a correct way. C. To promote eco-tourism in cities around the world. D. To warn people of the danger of animal presence in cities. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一项关于野生动物与人类接近性对其生存策略影响的研究，向读者普及了相关的生物学知识和进化理论。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A team of researchers wondered whether closeness to people might impact those survival strategies. “We often see that animals are more tolerant around us in urban areas, but we don’t really know why.” says evolutionary biologist Dan Blumstein. “Is it individual plasticity, meaning individuals change their fear of us and that leads to tolerance? Or can there be an evolutionary factor involved?”(一组研究人员想知道与人的亲近度是否会影响那些生存策略。“我们经常看到动物在城市地区对我们更加容忍，但我们并不真正知道原因。”进化生物学家Dan Blumstein说，“这是个体可塑性的表现，即个体改变了对我们的恐惧，从而变得更加容忍？还是可能涉及进化因素？”)”可知，Dan Blumstein领导的研究旨在研究生活在人类中对动物生存策略的影响。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It turns out that regardless of evolutionary ancestry, the animals react in a similar way to life among humans: they lose their anti-predator characteristics. That pattern is especially pronounced for plant-eating animals and for social species. This behavioral change is perhaps unsurprising when it’s intentional, the result of domestication or controlled breeding.(事实证明，无论进化祖先如何，动物对人类生活中的反应方式都是相似的：它们失去了反捕食者特性。这种模式在食草动物和社会性物种中尤为明显。当这种行为变化是有意为之时，比如驯化或受控繁殖的结果，这一点或许并不令人惊讶)”可知，控制繁殖可能导致动物失去反捕食者特性。故选A。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“If the urbanization process helps animals better co-exist with people, it could be to their benefit. But if it makes them more defenseless to their nonhuman predators, it could be a real problem. Either way, these results, mean that city living has enough of an influence on wild animals that evolutionary processes kick in. Those reductions in anti-predator characteristics become encoded in their genes. We’re changing the population genetics one way or another.(如果城市化进程有助于动物更好地与人类共存，那么这对它们来说可能是有益的。但如果这使它们在面对非人类捕食者时更加无力自卫，那么这可能是一个真正的问题。无论哪种方式，这些结果都意味着城市生活对野生动物的影响足够大，以至于启动了进化过程。这些反捕食者特性的减少被编码在它们的基因中。我们正以某种方式改变着种群的遗传学)”可知，研究表明城市生活可能会导致动物的遗传变异。故选C。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章开头提到了Dan Blumstein领导的一项研究，该研究关注的是城市化对野生动物生存策略的影响。接下来文章详细描述了这项研究的内容、方法和一些初步的发现。然后，文章进一步探讨了这种影响可能带来的后果。由此可知，文章通过介绍城市化对野生动物的影响，以及这种影响可能带来的后果，实际上是在提醒人们关注这个问题，并思考如何以正确的方式帮助动物生存。故选B。 D When evaluating people on various psychological tests, psychologists often distinguish between markers of absolute performance and relative performance. Absolute performance reflects the raw measurement of something, like the time it takes to run a mile. Relative performance is how a person rates in relation to their peers, as in what place a runner gets in a race. The standards we use to evaluate ourselves are almost always relative, as we compare ourselves to our peers and the standards that are most familiar to us. Our conscious recognition of these peers and norms is what sets our expectations, shaping our self-image and happiness. What’s interesting about the relative comparisons that most of us make is that in whatever area of life we consider — for example, our highest level of education — it’s not how we fare (成功) in comparison to the rest of the world that seems to matter most, but rather how we compare to our closest peers. For instance, in my private practice, I have one patient I will call “Omar” who is dependent on social services and makes less than $30,000 per year at his job. While this level of poverty would lead most people to wake up depressed each day, Omar is one of the most optimistic and appreciative individuals I know. Why? Because most of his closest peers — his siblings and friends from childhood — have lives far worse than his. In contrast to Omar, I have another patient, an adolescent I’ll call “Lena”, whose family has property over $5 million. Lena, however, lives in an upper-class neighborhood where her family is at the lower end of the income level. Though Lena’ s family allows her to enjoy possessions and experiences that less than 1 percent of her peers across the world can share, she consistently feels “less than”. Why? Because Lena doesn’t compare herself to the rest of the world; this is too abstract an exercise for her, as it would be for most of us. Accordingly, whether a psychologist is psychodynamic or cognitive-behavioral, therapy (疗法) with individuals struggling with situational or psychological depression aims to solve the problems associated with basing one’s self-worth on comparisons with others. Psychologists try to help people focus on personal growth around the achievement of concrete goals in line with their values independent of the achievement of others. For all of us, defining these goals, especially during periods of emotional calm, can go a long way in helping us to avoid the trap of relativity that often leads to situational and psychological depression. 12. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ______. A. show the significance of evaluating people. B. motivate readers to study psychological tests. C. help people perform well in psychological tests D. provide some background information on evaluating people. 13. Why does the author mention his two patients? A. To measure different achievement. B. To introduce the standards to evaluate people. C. To explain relative performance with examples. D. To contrast relative performance and absolute performance. 14. What message does the last paragraph convey? A. Setting goals in life is essential for everyone. B. It’s important to avoid unhealthy comparisons. C. A sense of achievement can affect one’s happiness. D. Improving self-worth can help get rid of depression. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. Happiness: Is it all relative? B. Happiness: Is it associated with achievement? C. Self-worth: Is it based on efforts? D. Self-worth: Is it measurable? 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕心理学家在评估人们时如何区分绝对表现和相对表现这一主题展开，探讨了相对比较对个人自我认知、幸福感以及心理健康的影响。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When evaluating people on various psychological tests, psychologists often distinguish between markers of absolute performance and relative performance. Absolute performance reflects the raw measurement of something, like the time it takes to run a mile. Relative performance is how a person rates in relation to their peers, as in what place a runner gets in a race.(在通过各种心理测试评估人们时，心理学家通常会区分绝对表现和相对表现这两个指标。绝对表现反映的是某项指标的原始测量值，比如跑一英里所需的时间。而相对表现则是指一个人相对于同龄人的表现，比如在比赛中获得的名次)”可知，第一段首先提到在通过各种心理测试评估人们时，心理学家通常会区分绝对表现和相对表现这两个指标。然后该段落对这两个概念进行了简单的解释和举例说明。因此第一段的主要目的是为读者提供一些关于评估人的背景信息，特别是关于心理学家在评估过程中使用的两个重要指标：绝对表现和相对表现。故选D。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For instance, in my private practice, I have one patient I will call “Omar” who is dependent on social services and makes less than $30,000 per year at his job.(例如，在我的私人诊所中，我有一位患者，我称他为“奥马尔”，他依赖社会服务，每年的工作收入不到3万美元)”以及“Because most of his closest peers— his siblings and friends from childhood— have lives far worse than his.(因为他的大多数最亲近的同龄人——他的兄弟姐妹和儿时的朋友——的生活都比他糟糕得多)”可知，第三段介绍了作者的病人奥马尔，奥马尔虽然收入低，但因为他的大多数最亲近的同龄人的生活都比他糟糕得多，所以他很乐观。再根据第四段“In contrast to Omar, I have another patient, an adolescent I’ll call “Lena”, whose family has property over $5 million.(与奥马尔形成鲜明对比的是，我还有另一位患者，一个青少年，我称她为“莉娜”，她的家庭财产超过500万美元)”以及“Because Lena doesn’t compare herself to the rest of the world; this is too abstract an exercise for her, as it would be for most of us.(因为莉娜不会将自己与世界其他地方的人进行比较；这对她来说太抽象了，对我们大多数人来说也是如此)”可知，第三段介绍了另一个病人莉娜，莉娜虽然家庭财产丰富，但在她所处的上流社会街区中，她的家庭收入处于较低端，因此她总是觉得自己“不如别人”。由此可知，作者通过描述两位患者的不同心态和背景，来具体说明相对表现的概念，即一个人相对于同龄人的表现如何。故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Accordingly, whether a psychologist is psychodynamic or cognitive-behavioral, therapy (疗法) with individuals struggling with situational or psychological depression aims to solve the problems associated with basing one’s self-worth on comparisons with others. Psychologists try to help people focus on personal growth around the achievement of concrete goals in line with their values independent of the achievement of others.(因此，无论是心理动力学还是认知行为学派的心理学家，对于那些因情境或心理抑郁而困扰的个体的治疗，都旨在解决将自我价值建立在与他人比较之上的问题。心理学家试图帮助人们关注个人成长，围绕符合其自身价值观的具体目标的实现，而不是依赖于他人的成就)”可知，心理学家的目标之一是帮助人们避免将自我价值建立在与他人的比较上，本段表达了避免不健康的比较是很重要的。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章首先介绍了心理学家在评估人们时如何区分绝对表现和相对表现，并通过具体例子解释了相对表现的概念。接着，文章探讨了相对比较对个人自我认知、幸福感以及心理健康的影响，特别是如何通过避免不健康的比较来提高个人的幸福感和心理健康。由此可知，选项A“Happiness: Is it all relative?(幸福：一切都是相对的吗？)” 准确概括了文章的主题和核心内容，即相对比较如何影响个人的幸福感和心理健康。故选A。 第二节 （共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Getting Lost in a Good Book Can Help Keep You Healthy I’m a novelist and it’s obviously in my interest to encourage people to read. But there’s increasing evidence that reading isn’t just for pleasure, or merely a way of improving literacy skills and factual knowledge. ___16___ Firstly, reading helps to lengthen attention spans in children and improves their ability to think clearly. ____17____ It is essential to learn this skill as a small child. The more they do it, the better they get at it. Also, reading can help people learn to empathize(产生共鸣). A recent study at the University of Michigan found that there had been a 48% decrease in empathy among college students. ____18____ In a computer game, you might have rescued a princess, but you don’t care about her, you just want to win. But a princess in a book has a past, present and future, she has connections and motivations. We can relate to her. We see the world through her eyes. As a matter of fact, reading is far from a passive activity. Reading exercises the whole brain. When we read and imagine the landscapes, sounds, smells and tastes described on the page, the various areas of the brain that are used to process these experiences in real life are activated, creating new neural pathways. ___19___ This doesn’t happen when we’re watching TV or playing a computer game. Getting sucked into a good novel appears to be beneficial to our mental health too. ____20____ Reading not only avoids feelings of loneliness it helps us to wind down, de-stress and forget our own problems for a while. A. Stories have a structure that encourages their brains to think in sequence, to link cause, effect and significance. B. In other words, our brains model real experiences, just as if we were living them ourselves. C. When we read a good book, we’re trying to find out its main idea. D. It might actually be good for our mental and physical health too. E. But those who did not enjoy these activities had lots of loss. F. As the old saying goes, “ You’re never alone with a book.” G. Encouraging reading could overcome this. 【答案】16. D 17. A 18. G 19. B 20. F 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的证据表明，阅读不仅仅是为了娱乐，或者仅仅是提高读写能力和事实知识的一种方式，阅读还对身心健康也有好处。文章主要说明了阅读对人产生的一些积极作用。 【16题详解】 根据上文“But there’s increasing evidence that reading isn’t just for pleasure, or merely a way of improving literacy skills and factual knowledge.(但越来越多的证据表明，阅读不仅仅是为了娱乐，或者仅仅是提高读写能力和事实知识的一种方式)”结合后文主要说明了阅读对人身心所产生的好处，且上文中reading可对应到D选项中it。故D选项“事实上，它可能对我们的身心健康也有好处”符合语境，故选D。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Firstly, reading helps to lengthen attention spans in children and improves their ability to think clearly. (首先，阅读有助于延长孩子的注意力，提高他们清晰思考的能力)”以及后文“It is essential to learn this skill as a small child. The more they do it, the better they get at it.(从小学习这项技能是很重要的。他们做得越多，做得就越好)”可知，本句为过渡句，承接上文具体说明阅读是如何提高思考能力的，且上文中improves their ability to think clearly可对应到A选项中encourages their brains to think。故A选项“故事有一个结构，鼓励他们的大脑按顺序思考，把原因、结果和意义联系起来”符合语境，故选A。 【18题详解】 根据上文“A recent study at the University of Michigan found that there had been a 48% decrease in empathy among college students.(密歇根大学最近的一项研究发现，大学生的同情心下降了48%)”以及后文“In a computer game, you might have rescued a princess, but you don’t care about her, you just want to win. But a princess in a book has a past, present and future, she has connections and motivations. We can relate to her. We see the world through her eyes.(在电脑游戏中，你可能救了一个公主，但你并不关心她，你只想赢。但是书中的公主有过去、现在和未来，她有联系和动机。我们可以理解她。我们通过她的眼睛看世界)”可知，上文提出了大学生同情心下降的问题，后文则指出书籍可以帮助人们理解书中的人物，可推知阅读可以解决上文提到的大学生同情心下降的问题。上文中“there had been a 48% decrease in empathy among college students”可对应到G选项中this。故G选项“鼓励阅读可以克服这个问题”符合语境，故选G。 【19题详解】 根据上文“As a matter of fact, reading is far from a passive activity. Reading exercises the whole brain. When we read and imagine the landscapes, sounds, smells and tastes described on the page, the various areas of the brain that are used to process these experiences in real life are activated, creating new neural pathways.(事实上，阅读绝不是一种被动的活动。阅读锻炼整个大脑。当我们阅读和想象页面上描述的风景、声音、气味和味道时，大脑中处理这些体验的不同区域被激活，创造出新的神经通路)”可知，本句承接上文，进一步解释说明阅读对大脑的影响。故B选项“换句话说，我们的大脑会模拟真实的经历，就好像我们自己生活在其中一样”符合语境，故选B。 【20题详解】 根据后文“Reading not only avoids feelings of loneliness, it helps us to wind down, de-stress and forget our own problems for a while.(阅读不仅能避免孤独感，还能帮助我们放松心情，缓解压力，暂时忘记自己的烦恼)”可知，后文提到了阅读能避免孤独感，即和书籍在一起你不会感觉孤单。后文中feelings of loneliness可对应到F选项中alone。故F选项“正如老话所说，‘和书在一起你永远不会孤独’”符合语境，故选F。 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Veteran (老兵) Willenbring has always been a fighter. She grew up with her parents on the West Coast during an adolescence she describes as sometimes ___21___. But the military struck Willenbring as a way to ___22___ the aggression she says built up during an unstable upbringing. In 1998, she joined the army and was ___23___ to a foreign country. “We were actually part of the initial ___24___to go into the country,” she says. “And I can’t even describe the ___25___.” In the scenes of destruction, Willenbring recalled some ordinary sights that briefly woke her from the stress of the war every night. As her mission came to an end, her luck ran out. She ended up severely ___26___ and had to be taken away in an air ambulance. She ___27___ returned to her home country, and spent three years living in her hometown, a city called Salem. She ___28___ to adjust to civilian life. Fireworks would ___29___ particularly difficult episodes. “I had PTSD (创伤后应激障碍) so badly that I could not ____30____ living in a city anymore,” she says. Instead, in 2010 Willenbring ____31____ on a plot with sheep in rural Oregon. The sheep, she says, have helped her manage her trauma symptoms. She’s surrounded by animals that ____32____ her emotions and can tell her own mood. The ____33____ rural life is an apparent contrast to the chaos of battle. Willenbring hasn’t had a major ____34____related to her PTSD for eight years. Farming has its dramas, she says, “but it is also something that is about creation, about ____35____ over death rather than death over life.” 21. A. violent B. graceful C. cheerful D. sad 22. A. encourage B. channel C. resist D. ignore 23. A. sent B. delivered C. brought D. led 24. A. government B. police C. force D. organization 25. A. situation B. scenery C. background D. chaos 26. A. punished B. neglected C. embarrassed D. injured 27. A. hardly B. temporarily C. immediately D. cautiously 28. A. struggled B. managed C. hesitated D. pretended 29. A. extend B. trigger C. pause D. shrink 30. A. go with B. begin with C. deal with D. negotiate with 31. A. settled B. went C. relied D. lay 32. A. control B. mirror C. express D. hide 33. A. tough B. uneasy C. peaceful D. challenging 34. A. element B. reason C. method D. episode 35. A. kindness B. gratitude C. victory D. life 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Willenbring从战场受伤回来后，患上了严重的创伤后应激障碍，战争的残酷记忆让她无法适应正常生活，她搬去了偏远的乡村，和羊生活在一起，平静的乡村生活缓解了她的创伤后应激障碍。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她青春期时和父母一起在西海岸长大，她形容她的青春期有时很暴力。A. violent暴力的；B. graceful优雅的；C. cheerful兴高采烈的；D. sad悲哀的。根据下文“aggression”和“during an unstable upbringing”可知，她处在一个不稳定的生活环境中，性格中带有侵略性，由此可知，她的青春期有时很暴力。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但Willenbring突然想到了军队，以此来疏导她所说的在不稳定的成长过程中建立起来的侵略性。A. encourage鼓励；B. channel开导，疏导；C. resist抵制；D. ignore忽视。根据下文“she joined the army”可知，她参军了，由此可知，她用参军的方式来疏导自己的侵略性。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1998年，她参军并被派遣到国外。A. sent派遣；B. delivered递送；C. brought带来；D. led引领。根据句中“she joined the army”可知，她参军了，由此可知，她被军方派遣到国外。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们实际上是进入该国的最初的武装力量的一部分，”她说。A. government政府；B. police警方；C. force武装力量；D. organization组织。根据上文“she joined the army”可知，她参军了，由此可知，她所在的军队是作为武装力量进入其他国家的。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我甚至无法描述这种混乱。A. situation状况；B. scenery风景；C. background背景；D. chaos混乱。根据下文“In the scenes of destruction”可知，她身处在毁灭的场景中，由此可知，她无法描述那种混乱。故选D项。 26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她最后受了重伤，不得不被救护飞机带走。A. punished惩罚；B. neglected忽视；C. embarrassed使窘迫；D. injured使受伤。根据句中“had to be taken away in an air ambulance”可知，她不得不被救护飞机带走，由此可知，她受了重伤。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她立即回到了自己的祖国，并在家乡萨勒姆住了三年。A. hardly几乎不；B. temporarily暂时；C. immediately立即；D. cautiously谨慎地。根据上文“She ended up severely _____ and had to be taken away in an air ambulance.”可知，她受了重伤，离开了战场，被救护飞机带走了，由此可知，受伤之后，她立即回到了自己的祖国。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她努力适应平民生活。A. struggled挣扎；努力；B. managed管理；C. hesitated犹豫；D. pretended假装。根据下文“I had PTSD”可知，残酷的战争让她患上了创伤后应激障碍，由此可知，她挣扎着适应平民生活。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：烟花会触发特别困难的经历。A. extend延伸；B. trigger触发；C. pause暂停；D. shrink收缩。根据下文“I had PTSD”可知，她患上了创伤后应激障碍，由此可知，烟花好似战争中的炮火，会触发她曾经的痛苦经历。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她说：“我的创伤后应激障碍非常严重，以至于我再也无法应付城市生活。”A. go with与……一起存在，伴随；B. begin with以……开始；C. deal with应付，冷静面对；D. negotiate with与……谈判。根据句中“I had PTSD (创伤后应激障碍) so badly”可知，她患上了非常严重的创伤后应激障碍，由此可知，她再也无法应付城市生活了。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，2010年，Willenbring在俄勒冈州农村与羊群一起定居在一块土地上。A. settled定居；B. went去；C. relied依靠；D. lay放置。根据上文“I could not _____ living in a city anymore”可知，她无法应付城市生活，由此可知，她定居在一块俄勒冈州农村的土地上。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她身边的动物反映了她的情绪，可以显示她自己的心情。A. control控制；B. mirror反映；C. express表达；D. hide隐藏。根据句中“can tell her own mood”可知，她身边的动物可以显示她自己的心情，由此可知，她身边的动物反映了她的情绪。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：平静的乡村生活与混乱的战争形成了鲜明的对比。A. tough艰苦的；B. uneasy不安的；C. peaceful平静的；D. challenging具有挑战性的。根据句中“an apparent contrast”可知，与混乱的战争形成鲜明对比的应该是平静的乡村生活，“The peaceful rural life”与“the chaos of battle”形成对比。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Willenbring已经八年没有发生过与创伤后应激障碍有关的重要经历了。A. element要素；B. reason原因；C. method方法；D. episode一段经历。根据上文“The sheep, she says, have helped her manage her trauma symptoms.”可知，和动物生活在一起的乡村生活帮助她缓解了创伤后应激障碍，由此可知，她已经八年没有发生过与创伤后应激障碍有关的重要经历了，“episode”与上文“Fireworks would _____ particularly difficult episodes.”中的“episode”呼应。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：农业有它的戏剧性，她说，“但它也是关于创造的东西，关于生命胜于死亡，而不是死亡胜于生命。”A. kindness仁慈；B. gratitude感激；C. victory胜利；D. life生命。根据句中“death over life”可知，句中把生命和死亡进行比较，由此可知，句中指生命胜于死亡，而不是死亡胜于生命。故选D项。 第二节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 As the summer vacation goes on, museums remain in the spotlight, with crowds of visitors____36____ (long) to immerse themselves in rich traditional culture, which reflects a significant rise in people’s passion for culture. It came as a result of President Xi Jinping’s consistent promotion of traditional Chinese culture and his call for museums to bring cultural relics to life, as well as his____37____ (emphasize) on mutual learning between civilizations. Xi ____38____ (highlight) on many occasions that China’s fine traditional culture is the “root and soul” of the Chinese nation, ____39____ he has called, during visits to museums and cultural sites across the nation in the past few years, for a better employment of cultural relics and for making them “alive”. To attract more visitors, many institutions have transitioned from their role ____40____only collectors and protectors of artworks and antiques to also becoming cultural service providers. From concerts and digital immersive experiences to children’s plays, museums and cultural institutions are coming up with____41____ (innovate) ways to entertain as well as educate the public. Henan Museum in Zhengzhou, the capital of Central China’s Henan province, hosts concerts for museum visitors ____42____ feature musicians playing ancient pieces of music with traditional instruments that are replicas of antiques collected by the museum, some of which were used more than 2,000 years ago. ____43____clothing styles of the musicians are in line with the dynasties during which their specific instruments were____44____ (original) played. During Spring Festival in February, the museum welcomed about 100,000 visitors, and concert tickets were hard ______45______ (obtain). 【答案】36. longing 37. emphasis 38. has highlighted 39. and 40. as 41. innovative 42. that##which 43. The 44. originally 45. to obtain 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着暑假的继续，博物馆仍然是人们关注的焦点，成群的游客渴望沉浸在丰富的传统文化中，这反映了人们对文化的热情显著上升。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：随着暑假的继续，博物馆仍然是人们关注的焦点，成群的游客渴望沉浸在丰富的传统文化中，这反映了人们对文化的热情显著上升。空处为非谓语动词， visitors与long在逻辑上是主动关系，用现在分词作定语。故填longing。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：这是习近平主席不断推广中国传统文化，呼吁博物馆将文物活化，以及强调不同文明之间相互学习的结果。设空处作宾语，应用名词形式emphasis，不可数。故填emphasis。 【38题详解】 考查时态。句意：习在许多场合强调，中华优秀传统文化是中华民族的“根与魂”。在过去几年里，他在参观全国各地的博物馆和文化遗址时，呼吁更好地利用文物，让它们“活”起来。根据句意可知，设空处表示过去动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。主语单数，谓语单数。故填has highlighted。 【39题详解】 考查连词。句意：习在许多场合强调，中华优秀传统文化是中华民族的“根与魂”。在过去几年里，他在参观全国各地的博物馆和文化遗址时，呼吁更好地利用文物，让它们“活”起来。分析句子结构可知，设空处连接两个并列的谓语动词has called和has highlighted，应用连词and。故填and。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：为了吸引更多的游客，许多机构已经从艺术品和古董的收藏家和保护者的角色转变为文化服务提供者。表示“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 【41题详解】 考查形容词。句意：从音乐会、数字沉浸式体验到儿童戏剧，博物馆和文化机构正在想出创新的方式来娱乐和教育公众。设空处作定语修饰ways，应用形容词形式innovative。 故填innovative。 【42题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：位于中国中部河南省省会郑州的河南博物馆为博物馆游客举办音乐会，音乐家们用博物馆收藏的古董复制品演奏古代音乐，其中一些是2000多年前使用的。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为concerts，在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 【43题详解】 考查冠词。句意：音乐家的服装风格与他们最初演奏的特定乐器的朝代一致。表示特指，应用定冠词the。首字母大写。故填The。 【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：音乐家的服装风格与他们最初演奏的特定乐器的朝代一致。设空处作状语修饰动词played，应用副词形式originally。故填originally。 【45题详解】 考查不定式。句意：在2月份的春节期间，博物馆接待了大约10万名游客，门票很难买到。本句为“be+形容词+to do”的用法，故填to obtain。 第Ⅱ卷 第四部分 书面表达 （满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Liz来信表示对中国烹饪很感兴趣。正好这学期你校要开设“Exploring Chinese cuisine”的线上课程，请你回信向他推荐此课程。内容包括： 1．开课时间；2．课程内容；3．报名方式。 注意：1．词数80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Liz, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours LiHua 【答案】Dear Liz, The online course “Explore Chinese cuisine” is going to be included in the curriculum this semester in my school. Knowing you are interested in Chinese cuisine, I can’t wait to tell you the good news. Chinese cuisine culture is extensive and profound, which can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines. Our course will introduce the features of each regional type by focusing on the cooking materials, cooking methods and seasoning. Here comes the highlight of the course. The school has invited famous chefs in the town as the guest teachers. They will show us how to cook the most typical dishes of each regional type. Sounds amazing, doesn’t it? To popularize Chinese food culture and enhance its influence, this online course is open up to the students worldwide. After logging on to the official website of my school and registering a new user, you will be asked to fill in an application form. The course takes place every Saturday at 8 p. m. and you can’t afford to miss it. Yours LiHua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Liz写一封回信，向他推荐学校要开设“Exploring Chinese cuisine”的线上课程，内容包含开课时间、课程内容以及报名方式。 【详解】1.词汇积累 对……感兴趣：be interested in →be keen on 好的：amazing →wonderful 提高：enhance →boost 要求：ask →require 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Knowing you are interested in Chinese cuisine, I can’t wait to tell you the good news. 拓展句：Because I know you are interested in Chinese cuisine, I can’t wait to tell you the good news. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Chinese cuisine culture is extensive and profound, which can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】To popularize Chinese food culture and enhance its influence, this online course is open up to the students worldwide.（运用了不定式作目的状语） 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 After graduating from college, I worked as a salesman for a piano company. We advertised our pianos in small town newspapers and then, when we received many replies, we would load our little trucks, drive into the area and sell the pianos to those who had replied. Every time we advertised, we would receive a reply on a postcard which said, “Please bring me a new piano for my little granddaughter. It must be red mahogany(红木). I can pay $10 a month with my egg money.” Of course, we could not sell a new piano for $10 a month. No finance company would carry a contract with payments that small, so we ignored her postcards. One day, however, I happened to be in that area calling on other replies, and out of curiosity I decided to meet the old lady. I found pretty much what I expected: The old lady lived in a one-room cabin in the middle of a cotton field. The cabin had a dirt floor and there were chickens in the house. Obviously, she could not have qualified to purchase anything on credit—no car, no phone, no real job, nothing but a roof over her head. I could see daylight through the roof in several places. Her little granddaughter was about 8, barefoot and wearing a dress made out of cotton bags holding animal feed. I explained to the old lady that we could not sell a new piano for $10 a month and that she should stop writing to us every time she saw our advertisement. I drove away heartsick, but my advice had no effect—she still sent us the same postcard every time we advertised. Always wanting a new piano, red mahogany, she swore she would never miss a$10 payment. It was sad. Several years later, I owned my own piano company, and each time I advertised in that area, the old lady’s postcards would come to me. 注意： （1）续写词数应为 150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 One day when I was in that area, I made a big decision. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Twenty years later, while sitting at a bar, I heard the most beautiful piano music behind me. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One day when I was in the area, I made a big decision. Despite knowing that it was a terrible business decision, I loaded a red mahogany piano onto my little truck. I delivered the piano to the old lady. I placed the new piano in the house, advised her and the little girl to keep the chickens off it and left. I was sure that I had just thrown away a new piano. To my surprise, the payments came in on time with a thank-you note every month. Twenty years later while sitting at a bar. I heard the most beautiful piano music behind me. Looking around I saw a lovely young woman playing a very nice grand piano. Stunned by her great performance, I moved to a table beside her. She stopped and smiled at me politely, “Aren’t you the man who sold my grandma a piano a long time ago?” It didn’t ring a bell, so she started to explain. And I suddenly remembered., My Lord, it was her, the little barefoot girl in the feed sack dress! I was so glad that my kindness did make a real difference. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者大学毕业后在一家钢琴公司当销售员，每当公司做广告的时候，公司总会收到一位老太太的明信片，上面写着“请给我的小孙女送一架新钢琴。一定是红木的。我可以用卖蛋的钱每个月付10美元”。出于好奇，作者找到了这位老太太，知道了老太太比较贫穷，作者向老太太解释道，不能以每月10美元的价格卖出一架新钢琴，所以她应该停止给公司写信。几年后，作者拥有自己的钢琴公司，每当作者在那个地方做广告时，作者就会收到老太太寄的那张明信片。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“有一天，我在那附近，做了一个重大决定。”可知，第一段可描写作者决定要送给老太太送一架钢琴，但是作者每月都能收到老太太支付的十美元。 ②由第二段首句内容“20年后，我坐在酒吧里，听到身后最美妙的钢琴声。”可知，第二段可描写作者听到了最美妙的钢琴声，这正是老太太的孙女所弹奏的。 2.续写线索：做决定——送钢琴——每月收到10美元——听到最美妙的钢琴——一位年轻的女士在弹奏——发现这位女士是老太太的孙女——作者很高兴自己当时做了那个决定 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①放下：placed /put ②建议：advised /suggested ③离开：left /went away 情绪类 ①使我惊讶：To my surprise /To my astonishment ②高兴的：glad / pleased / delighted / happy 【点睛】[高分句型1]Despite knowing that it was a terrible business decision, loaded a red mahogany piano onto my little truck.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） [高分句型2] Looking around, I saw a lovely young woman playing a very nice grand piano.（运用了非谓语动词作状语，表示伴随状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$