Unit 14 文化与艺术人物及作品-【小题突破·大题攻略】2026年高考英语培优限时练

话题四 文学、艺术与体育 话题四 文学 艺术与体育 Unit 14 文化与艺术人物及作品 [话题词汇填空 37. v. n.邀请 [基础默写] n.旅行;历程 3. Words n.法官v.判断 n.判断力 40. 1. adaption n. n.幼儿园 41. 2. author n. n.知识 adj.博学的 3. calligraphy n. 42. (过去式) -x 一(过去分词) 一(现在分词) 4. chapter n. 放置,产卵 一(过去式) 5. collection n. 作 (过去分词) 6. inherit v. -(现在分词) 平躺 7. inspect v. -(过去式) 业 (过去分词) 8. institute n. 一(现在分词) 撒荒 时 9. insurance . Phrases 10. interpret v. 43. 通知某人某事 可 11. invasion n. 44. insist on 12. invisible adj. 45. 沿 代替,而不是 46. 13. irrigation n. 对......感兴趣 14. jealous adj. 此 47. be get involved in involve oneself in 15. jungle n. 线 16. iustice n. 戏弄,开玩笑 17. kangaroo n. 从......判断 18. lame adj. 50. 成功的秘诀 51. 19. leather n. -K 据我所知 52. 20. incredible adj. 以......而出名 21. individual n. /adj. 因......而出名 22. inflation n. 54. 为.....所熟知 23. n.珠宝;首饰 55. the former... the latter {行 56. adi.独立的:自主的 引起,导致 n.工业,行业 #2 过着有意义的生活 n.影响;作用 把......丢在后面 27. v.教授,指导,命令 28. 为.....留有余地 59. n.信息;消息,资料 遗漏 )。 60. adj.正式的 adj.非正式的 记住 30. v.使受伤;损害 31. [归纳拓展] v.激发:激励:启发 32. adj.聪明的;智能的 1.informv.知会;通知;通告;了解;熟悉:对......有 33. n.乐器;器械;手段 影响 v.打断;使中断 【搭配】 inform sb.of sth.告知某人某事 v.采访 n.采访者 inform sb. that/wh-...告知某人 n.被采访者 informsb十疑问词十不定式 36. n.发明 7. informationn.信息;消息;情报;资料;资讯 55 培优限时练小题突破·英语 They would any progress they had My family that I(should) not give in. made. but stay and fight. 他们会把他们取得的任何进步都告诉他 家里人坚持认为我不应让步,而应该留下来继续 I regret to you he died as a conse- 抗争。 quence of his injuries. [即学即用] 我很遗憾地通知你,他因伤势太重不治身亡。 We need time to ourselves thoroughly 一、阅读下列句子:在空自处填入1个单词或用括 of the problem. 号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Since they insist on 我们需要时间对这个问题有个透彻的了解。 (go),we'll simply push Religion every aspect of their lives. the boat with the current and let them go with us. 宗教影响着他们生活的各个方面。 2. Leave me out of this quarrel, please I don't want to get All great songs are by a certain sad- (involve). ness and tension. 3. Reading is important because it will make me be a more 所有很棒的歌曲都透着某种悲伤和张力。 (knowledge)person. 2.insistv.坚决要求;坚持;坚持说;固执己见 4. In all cases,the key success is an abili- 【搭配】insist一般作为不及物动词用,需要在 ty to understand and work within different cul- 后面加上onupon才可以加动名词、名词、代词 tures. 宾语。 5. They knew they had done something terribly wrong and 它可以接宾语从句。在接宾语从句的时候,如果 (lie)to cover it up. 它的意思是“坚持自己的意见要求别人去做”的 二、翻译句子 时候,它后面的从句需要用虚拟语气;should 1. Don't leave your shopping on the back seat of 动词原形作为谓语。其他的则作为陈述语气,意 your car-it's an open invitation to a thief. 思是“坚持这样说/认为” insist on/upon坚持;强调 She on being present at all the interviews 2.我很荣幸地通知你,你已经被录取了。(inform) 她坚持所有采访自已都要在场。 We wanting his student to participate in this work. 3.你在申请单上不要遗漏任何必要的信息。(leave 我们坚持要他的学生参加这项工作。 out) If you that something is the case, you say so very firmly and refuse to say otherwise. even though other people do not believe you. 4.就我所知,这本书还没有被译成中文。(asfaras) 如果你认为这是事实,你就坚持认定,尽管别人 不会相信你 [话题阅读精练 一、阅读理解 absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a (2024·新课标全国 II卷)Giventhe astonish practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed ing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革) need to take action to deal with our Al-powered fu In the wrong hands, such a book could prove ture,and this is where AI by Design:A Plan for as complicated to process as the computer code(代 Living with Arti ficial Intelligence comes in. This 码)that powers AI but, thankfully,Campbell has 56 话题四 文学、艺术与体育 more than two decades' professional experience 3. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding translating the heady into the understandable. She AI development? writes from the practical angle of a business person A. Observe existing regulations on it. rather than as an academic, making for a guide B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. which is highly accessible and informative and C. Make ioint efforts to keep it under control. which,by the close, will make you feel almost as D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. smart as AI. 4. What is the author's purpose in writing the As we soon come to learn from AI by Design text? AI is already super-smart and will become more A. To recommend a book on AI. capable, moving from the current generation of B. To give a brief account of AI history. “narrow-AI" to Artificial General Intelligence. C. To clarify the definition of AI From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has 交 二、七选五 set out to raise awareness of AI and its future 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入 作 now-several decades before these developments 空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 are expected to take place. She says it is essential Adele's new album,“3o",is finally available. that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or Last month, hundreds of millions of us streamed 时 risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. its first single,"Easy On Me."This song arouses Campbell's point is to wake up those respon feelings not easily put into words,but we can prob sible for AI-the technology companies and world ably agree it is a sad song. 1 Yet sad music leaders-so they are on the same page as all the does pull us in and lift us up. experts currently developing it. She explains we 此 Let's start with a biological theory. When we are at a "tipping point" in history and must act experience real-life loss,or empathize(体会) with 线 now to prevent an extinction-level event for hu another's pain,certain hormones are released with manity. We need to consider how we want our fu- in us. 2 They do so by making us feel calmed ture with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking. and supported. Feeling Adele's pain, or recalling our followed by global regulation, will enable us to a- own,may cause such chemical changes within us. chieve greatness rather than our downfall. Psychologically, a key reason we enjoy sad AI will affect us all, and if you only read one songs is that they profoundly move us. Feeling book on the subject, this is it. moved can come from us suddenly feeling closer to 1. What does the phrase "In the wrong hands" in other people. Indeed, when we have listened to paragraph 2 probably mean? “30”, we may turn to reaction videos to see how A. If read by someone poorly educated. others feel. 3 And it boosts our feeling of being B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned moved and triggers feelings of comfort and belonging. C. If written by someone less competent 4 Adele's songs allow us to view the D. If translated by someone unacademic. pleasure in terms of the meaning she helps us 2. What is a feature of AI by Design according to make. Adele takes hard life experiences and makes the text? sense of them. This is what much sad art does. It A. It is packed with complex codes. takes the pain and suffering of the world and gives B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. it meaning. As philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche C. It provides step-by-step instructions. once put it, someone who has a why to live can D. It is intended for AI professionals. bear almost any how. 57 培优限时练小题突破·英语 Ultimately,we listen to Adele's songs when E. Few people are aware sad music makes us feel we want to recall, reflect, or belong. They let us good. feel her sadness, share our suffering, and connect F. This lets us share an emotional experience with with others. To all of us,Adele's songs say: 5 others. A. You are not alone in your pain. G. This may make us better prepared for when real B. Music speaks louder than words. loss strikes. C. These help us to tackle loss and pain. 1. . D. We can also think at the spiritual level. 5 [话题语法特训] 一、语法单句填空--冠词 wealthy people, developed around 221 BC during 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求. the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Then, it became popular 在空白处填入1个单词或用括号中词语的正确形 around 58l AD as more and more people began to 式填空。 show 2 (appreciate) of its beauty. 1. I found a space and had rest here. Basic tools and materials for Chinese painting 2. Our losses are incredibly small, viewed in involve writing brushes, ink and paper. The Chi- light of what has been accomplished. nese painting brush is mostly made of goat, wolf or 3. As the news report (put)it,China's ef- fox hair, 3 is suitable for producing brushes fective measures had led to positive results in re- that are both soft and stringy(有韧性). ducing novel corona virus(新冠病毒) The ink stick is produced with a mixture of outbreak nationally. pine soot(松烟) and animal glue. It's used in com 4. I can read Diana's thoughts from chan- bination with an ink stone. The painter wets the ges in her facial expressions. ink stone and then grinds(研磨) the ink stick on 5. A negative attitude will never give you the stone, 4 (make) the ink run so that it can positive life. be used for painting. 6. A reward will be paid to anyone who brings back Many Chinese ancient artworks 5 (cre- money Mr Brown lost, according to ate) on silk. However, silk was 6 expensive the advertisement. that only very important paintings would use it. By 7.Heis honest man and he has always the first century, when the early form of paper was played the game. invented, it had become a lot 7 (cheap) to 8. In order to find better job in the fu- paint. second for- ture,he planned to learn Traditional Chinese painting enjoys worldwide eign language. fame 8 its original style, distinctive features 9. Tromso is a cosmopolitan place defined by pubs, a and special techniques. It emphasizes harmony be lively music scene and events calendar that tween man and nature. When looking at a Chinese includes everything from traditional native festivals to painting, you may not 9 (initial)realize its Arctic's largest pride celebration. complex concept. In fact, much remains 10 10. After graduation, she began to donate blood (learn) about traditional Chinese painting and its once or twice year. elements. Through appreciating Chinese painting 二、语法填空 you will have a better understanding of traditional 阅读下列材料,在空白处填入1个单词或括号 Chinese culture and Chinese people. 内单词的正确形式。 . 1. 3. With a history of more than 6,ooo years,Chi- 6. 1 (pursue) by 9. nese painting, originally 10. 58参考答案 1.who定语从句。先行词是Tang Xianzu,从句中缺少主语， Phrases 且空前有逗号，故应用wh0引导非限制性定语从句。 43.inform sb.of sth.44.坚持；坚决要求45.instead of 2.themes名词复数。根据“there are”可知，此处应用名词复 46.have develop an interest in be interested in47.参与， 数themes,句意：虽然他们可能从未见过面，但是他们的作 48.play a joke.jokes on 49.judging by/from 品中有共同的主题。 50.the key to success 51.as far as I know 52.be known as 3.were动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是Some of the things,. 53.be known for54.be known t055.前者…后者… 且此处描述过去的事，故填were。句意：汤显祖所写的一些 56.lead to 57.lead a meaningful life 58.leave behind;leave 内容也是莎士比亚所关心的事。 room for 59.leave out 60.learn...by heart 4.to介词。be similar to是固定短语，意为“与…相似” 归纳拓展 句意：我恰好发现汤显祖的戏刷《牡丹亭》和《罗密欧与朱丽 1.inform him of:inform:inform:informs:informed 叶》在一些方面相似。 2.insisted:insist on:insist:insisted 5.inspired过去分词。根据句意并分析句子钻构可知，此空 即学即用 应用非谓语动词：inspire与a six-meter-tall pavilion之间为 -,1.going 2.involved 3.knowledgeable 4.to 5.lied 动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填inspired。句意：两年 二，1.别把买的东西放在汽车后座上一那会招来小偷的。 后，受《牡丹亭》的启发，一座六米高的凉亭被建在离莎士比 2.I have the honor to inform you that you have been accepted. 亚出生地仅有十分钟的步行路程的杉园。 3.Don't leave out any necessary information on your application. 6.was built动词的时态和语态。空处在句中作谓语，主语是 4.As far as I know,this book hasn't been translated into a six-meter-tall pavilion,与build之间是被动关系，此处描述 Chinese yet. 过去的事，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。 [话题阅读精练] 7.visibility名词。international是形客诃，应修饰名词。visi 一、阅读理解 ble的名词形式为visibility,表示“知名度”。此处表示这些 【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了英国人工智能专家卡特里奥娜 文化元素提高了斯特拉特福的国际知名度。 ·坎贝尔2022年度杨销书AI by Design:A Plan for Living 8.to find动词不定式。be amazed to do sth.是周定搭配，意 ith Artificial Intelligence,书中探讨了当前人工智能的发 为“对做某事感到惊讶”。此处表示游客惊讶地发现这两位 展趋势和脚将到来的人工智能革命，呼吁技术公司和世界领 伟大的作家之间的联系。 袖应与人工智能专家们达成共识携手共进，共同面对。 9.Recalling现在分词。此句已有谓语动词said,recall与主 L.C理解词江。根据画线词后面的“but,thankfully,Camp 语Edmondson之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填 bell has more than two decades'professional experience Recalling。句意：Edmondson回忆起在上海观看莎士比亚的 translating the heady into the understandable"可知，坎贝尔 戏嗣《理查三世》的中文版，以及见到几年前来到斯特拉特福 有二十多年的专业经验，她能将令人头晕的东西转化为容易 表演《牡丹亭》片段的中国演员，他说：“听到中文以及看到汤 理解的东西。由此可见，画线的“In the wrong hands”指的 显祖的戏剧如何被表演是非常令人兴奋的。” 应该是如果换一个能力不如坎贝尔的人来写这本书，故C l0.and连词。hear the Chinese language和sce how Tang's 顷正确。competent'“足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的”。A项 play was being performed是并列关系，故此处应用and连 “如果被受教育程度低的人阅读”：B项“如果被怀有恶意的 接两个不定式短语，and后承前省略不定式符号t0. 人评论”：C项“如果被不那么称职的人来写”：D项“如果被 不造合做学术的人来翻译” 话题四文学、艺术与体育 2.B推断。根据第二段中的“She writes from the practical angle of a business person...a guide which is highly accessi- Unit 14 文化与艺术人物及作品 ble and informative”可知，她从一个商人的实际角度来写作， 使得这本书成为非常易懂且信息丰富的指南。由此可见，这 话题词汇填空 本书的写作风格非常务实，故选B。down-t0 earth“务实的， 基础默写 脚骑实地的”。 Words 3.C理解具体信息。根据第三段中的“She says it is essential 1.适应，顺应：改编2.作者：著者3.书法：笔迹4.（书）章， that we keep control of artificial intelligence"和第四段中的 回：篇：（人生）阶段，篇章5.作品集：收藏品6.继承7.仔细 "Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI- 检查8.学院9.保险10.解释，翻译11.入侵12.看不 the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on 见的，无形的13.灌溉14.嫉妒的15.丛林16.正义 the same page as all the experts currently developing it" 17.袋鼠18.跛的，瘸的19.皮革20，难以置信的 知，坎贝尔建议让人工智能的发展处于控制下，并呼吁技术 21.个人，个人的22.通货膨胀23.jewelry24.independent 公司，世界领袖和人工智能专家携手应对，故C项正确。 25.industry 26.influence 27.instruct 28.information 4.A理解目的。根据最后一段“Al will affect us all,.and if 29.formal:informal 30.injure 31,inspire 32.intelligent you only read one book on the subject,this is it'”并结合全文 33.instrument 34.interrupt 35.v.interview n.interviewer 可知，本文主要给读者推荐了卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔的书AI n.interviewee 36.v.invent n.invention 37.v.invite n.invi- by Design:A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence, tation 38.journey 39.judge:judg(e)ment 40.kindergarten 故A项正确。A项“推荐一本关于人工智能的书”：B项“简 41.n.knowledge adj.knowledgeable 42.lay-laid-laid- 述人工智能的历史”：C项“阐明人工智能的定义”：D项“向 laying lie-lay-lain-lying lie-lied-lied-lying 一位杰出的人工智能专家致数”。 147 培优限时练小题突破·英语 二，七选五 7,a考查冠词。句意：他是个诚实的人，一向守信用。此处 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章从三个角度介绍了悲 为不确指。 伤的音乐能让我们振作起来的原因。 8.:a考查冠词。句意：为了在将来找到一个更好的工作，他 l.E根据后文“Yet sad music does pull us in and lift us up. 打算再学一门外语。前者为不确指：后者表示“又，再”。 (然而悲伤的膏乐确实能让我们振作起来。)”可知，人们没有 9.an:the考查冠词。前者考查泛指：后者考查特指，为形容 意识到悲伤的音乐的积极作用。E选项“Few people are 词最高级。 ware sad music makes us feel good,(很少有人意识到悲伤的 10.a考查冠词。句意：毕业后，她开始献血一年一两次 音乐让我们感觉很好，)”符合题意，故选E。 二，语法填空 2.C根据前文“When we experience real-life loss,or empa- 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章讲述了中国画的发展历史， thize with another's pain,certain hormones are released with- 以及中国享有的国际声誉，通过欣赏中国画，你将会更好地了 inus,(当我们经历现实生活中的失落，或同情他人的骗苦 解中国传统文化和中国人。 时，我们体内会释放某些激素。)”可知，本段介绍的是体内的 1.pursued考查过去分词。句意：拥有6000多年的历史，中 激素对于我们情感修复的作用。C选项“These help us to 国画，最初被富人追求，大釣在公元前221年的东晋时期发 tackle loss and pain.(这些帮助我们处理损失和痛苦，)”特 展起来。语篇解读句子可知，“originally1(pursue)by 合题意，故选C。 wealthy people”作定语，修饰Chinese painting,pursue与 3.F根据前文"Indeed,when we have listened to·30’,we Chinese painting是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填pur may turn to reaction videos to see how others feel.(事实上， sued。 当我们听了《30》，我们可能会转向反应视频，看看其他人是 2.appreciation考查名词。句意：后来，在公元581年左右，随 什么感觉。)”和后文“And it boosts our feeling of being 着越来越多的人开始欣赏它的美丽，它开始流行起来，语篇 moved and triggers feelings of comfort and belonging. 解读句子可知，动词后接名词作宾语，appreciation“感激”是 激发我们被感动的感觉，激发我们的舒适感和归属感，)”可 不可数名词，故填appreciation. 知，听悲伤的歌曲有助于我们去分享情感。F选项”This lets 3.which考查定语从句。句意：中国的画笔主要由山竿，狼、 us share an emotional experience with others.(这让我们与 孤毛制作，适合制作既柔软又细的画笔。语篇解读句子可 知，空格处引导定语从句，指代整个主句，从句中作主语，用 他人分享情感体验。)”符合题意，故选F。 关系代词which,故填which。 4.D根据后文“Adele's songs allow us to view the pleasure in 4.making考查非谓语动词。句意：油漆工润混墨水石，然后 terms of the meaning she helps us make.(可黛尔的歌曲让 在石头上研磨墨水棒，使墨水运行，以便它可以用于绘画。 我们从她帮助我们创造的意义的角度来看待快乐。)”可知， 语篇解续句子可知，句子的谓语动词是wets和grinds,故 本段介绍的是悲伤歌曲带给我们精神层面的感悟。D选项 “We can also think at the spiritual level.(我们也可以在精神 make用非谓语动词形式作状语，make与主语The painter 是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，表示理所应当的结果，故填 层面上思考。)”符合题意，故选D。 making. 5.A根据前文“They let us feel her sadness,share our suffer- 5.were created考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：许多 ing.and connect with others.To all of us,Adele's songs say: 中国古代艺术品都是在丝绸上创作的。语篇解读句子可知， (他们让我们感受她的悲伤，分享我们的骗苦，并与他人联 creat是谓语动词，与主语artworks是被动关系，用被动语 系。对我们所有人来说，阿黛尔的歌中写道：)”可知，本段介 态，描迷过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且主语artworks是 绍的是通过听阿黛尔的歌，分享编苦，悲伤不再是一个人的。 复数，谓语动词用复数，故填were created。 A选项"You are not alone in your pain,(你不是一个人在承 6.50考查状语从句。句意：然而，丝绸是非常昂贵的，只有非 受痛苦。)”符合题意，故选A。 常重要的绘画才会使用它。根据句意以及下文的that可 [话题语法特洲门 知，此处用s0.·tht.·引导秋语从句，so是副词，修饰形容 一、语法单句填空一冠词 词expensive作状语，故填sO。 1.考查冠词。句意：我找到了一个地方，然后在那儿休息了 7.cheaper考查形容词比较级。句意：到了第一世纪，当早期 一下。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语have a rest“休 的纸张被发明时，画画已经便宜很多。根据句意以及空前的 息”，rest是辅音音素开头，故填a。 alot修饰形容词比较级可知，此处用形容词cheap的比较级 2.the考查冠词。句意：从所取得的成就来看，我们的损失非 作表语，故填cheaper。 常小。in the light of意思为“根据，比照，从…观点看”。 8.for考查介词。句意：中国画以其独特的风格、鲜明的特色 3.put:the考查时态和冠词。句意：正如新闻报道所说，中国 和独特的技法而享誉世界。根据句意，表示原固用介词fOr 所采取的有效措施带来了积极的效果，也就是减少了新冠病 “为了”，故填for 毒在国内的爆发。前者考查因定句型s。·,put it翻译为 9.initially考查副词。句意：当你看者一幅中国画时，你可能 “正如…所说那样”，根据后文过去完成时态可知为一般过 一开始并设有意识到它的复杂概念。修饰动词用副词作状 去时。后者为特指。 语，故填initially 4.the考查冠词。句意：我能从戴安娜面部表情的变化懂得 10.to be learned/.to be learnt考查非谓语动词.句意：事实 她的想法。此处为特指。 上，关于中国传统绘画及其元素，还有很多值得学习的地 5.考查冠词。句意：消极的态度永远不会给你积极的生活。 方。语篇解读句子可知，remain是系动词，接不定式作表 此处为泛指，与A negative attitude对应。 语，根据句意，主语much与谓语动词learn是被动关系，故 6.the考查冠词。句意：据广告上说，能将布朗先生丢失的钱 用不定式的被动式，且learn的过去分词为learned或者 找回来的人将得到奖赏。此处为特指。 learnt,故填to be learned/to be learnt. 148