专题37 八省联考阅读微技能之态度推断题（满分攻略+八省名校模拟）-2025年新八省新高考英语满分通关练

专题37 八省联考阅读微技能之态度推断题 （满分攻略+八省名校模拟）原卷版 （山西、河南、陕西、内蒙古、四川、云南、宁夏、青海） 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分 态度观点态度类试题的解题方法： 第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意； 第二：加入自己的态度。要注意区分试题考查的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度； 第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。 乐观支持类词汇：optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving赞成的 客观中立类词汇：objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的 消极反对类词汇：negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分技巧和应试思维！ (2024全国甲卷第31题)The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors. C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A. About a year. B. About ten months. C. About two months. D. About two weeks. 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ 【01】（24-25高三上·广东·期中）Sanding on the shore of a lake, I can’t help but marvel at the tens or hundreds of thousands of small rocks that surround my boots. They were all created from hard surfaces, their edges softening over time. And I wonder, can we learn from a pile of rocks? Even the tallest mountains have worn down; none are as tall as they were 1,000 years ago. And much like a rock. I’ve found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun. Once I too was a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. Today, after decades of the waters of life coursing over me, my edges are softer and more understanding. I’m less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can exist together. But I’m not a rock. I’m a human-being filled with all the drama built into my DNA. Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask a guy to leave for not falling in line with the rules. Not forceful and net rude. On the door read a sign: “Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don’t like it either, but let’s all do what we can.” But the guy tried to argue about the note. I sat watching. understanding both sides. I’ve been this guy before, using my youthful edges to chip away at the world. What I lost, however, was the ability to grow by looking through others’ eyes, and thus the possibility of finding content and success. You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others. Time, like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from another’s point of view. I placed a rounded stone into my pocket. Mother Nature is holding class again. 1. What does the author compare the rocks to? A. People with varied personalities. B. DNA unique to each person. C. Challenges that we come across. D. Our abilities that grows with time. 2. What caused the argument in the restaurant? A. Lack of clarity in the sign. B. The owner’s inappropriate attitude. C. Demanding restaurant requests. D. The guy’s failing to obey the rules. 3. Which best describes the author’s attitude toward the world when he was young? A. Respectful. B. Aggressive. C. Ambiguous. D. Tolerant. 4. What does the author try to convey through this text? A. We should adjust ourselves to new conditions. B. Be brave when in the face of difficulties in life. C. It’s necessary to obey the rules in public spaces. D. Being open and understanding brings satisfaction. 【02】（24-25高三上·福建厦门·期中）Some graduate students in London were recently tasked with outwitting a large language model (LLM),a type of AI designed to hold useful conversations. LLMs are often programmed with guardrails to stop them giving harmful replies: instructions on making bombs in a bathtub, for instance. The aim of the task was to break those guardrails. Some results were merely stupid. One participant got the chatbot to claim ducks could be used as indicators of air quality. But the most successful efforts were those that made the machine produce the titles and publication dates of non-existent academic articles. AI bas the potential to be a big benefit to science. But it comes with downsides, too. Start with the simplest problem: academic misconduct. Some researchers use LLMs to help write papers. Guillaume Cabanac, a computer scientist, has uncovered dozens of papers that contain phrases such as “regenerate response”-the text of a button in ChatGPT that commands the program to rewrite its most recent answer, probably copied into the manuscript (原稿) by mistake. Another problem arises when Al models are trained on AI-generated data. LLMs are trained on text from the Internet. As they produce more such text ,the risk of LLMs taking in their own outputs-grows. That can cause “model collapse’. In 2023 llia Shumailov, a computer scientist, co-authored a paper in which a model was fed handwritten digits and asked to generate digits of its own, which were fed back to it in turn. After a few cycles, the computer’s numbers became more or less incomprehensible. Some worry that computer-generated insights might come from models whose inner workings are not understood. Inexplainable models are not useless, says David Leslie at an Al-research outfit in London, but their outputs will need rigorous testing in the real world. That is perhaps less unnerving than it sounds. Checking models against reality is what science is supposed to be about, after all. For now, at least, questions outnumber answers. The threats that machines pose to the scientific method are, at the end of the day, the same ones posed by humans. AI could accelerate the production of nonsense just as much as it accelerates good science. As the Royal Society has it, nullius in verba: take nobody’s word for it. No thing’s, either. 1. The result of the task conducted in London shows that . A. LLMs give away useful information B. the guardrails turn out to be ineffective C. AI’s influence will potentially be decreased D. the effort put into the study of AI hardly pays off 2. What does “model collapse" indicate? A. The readability of the models’ output is underestimated. B. The diverse sources of information confuse the models. C. Training on regenerated data stops models working well. D. The data becomes reliable after feeding on its own digits. 3. What is David Leslie’s attitude towards inexplainable models? A. Dismissive. B. Objective. C. Favorable. D. Ambiguous. 4. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Faster Nonsense: AI Could Also Go Wrong B. Imperfect Models: How Will AI Make Advances? C. The Rise of LLMs: AI Could Still Be Promising D. Bigger Threats: AI Will Be Uncontrollable 【03】（24-25高三上·福建龙岩·期中）Adrenaline (肾上腺素), also known as epinephrine, is a type of hormone that is released whenever a person experiences fear, anxiety, or stress. In fact, as soon as your brain senses danger, it tells your body to start making adrenaline. The hormone moves through your bloodstream quickly and jumps into action by binding itself to molecules called adrenoceptors, which can be found in cells in almost every organ. When a large amount of the chemical is produced all at once — more than 10 times higher than when you’ re calm — it’s called an adrenaline rush. That flood has lots of noticeable effects, and each one is intended to protect you in a dangerous situation. Your pupils (瞳孔) will widen to let more light into your eyes so that you can see more of your surroundings. Your brain begins to work faster to draw up a plan. Your heart beats more rapidly and pumps extra blood to your muscles, also delivering an increase of oxygen from your lungs. All of these effects accumulate into nervous, anxious feelings. That’s why it might seem as if your head is spinning, your thoughts are racing, or your heart is beating out of your chest. Despite what superhero stories might tell you, there’s not much evidence that the hormone gives you extra strength. Instead, experts think that great achievements-like a parent lifting a car off a trapped kid-happen when some kind of psychological switch gets flipped (按动). That is, unless you’re under serious pressure, you might underestimate what your body is really capable of. In general, adrenaline rushes have prepared animals for stressful situations for millions of years. The glands (腺) that produce the stimulating chemical are found in any species with a backbone. Even dinosaurs likely had the stimulating stuff pumping through their veins (静脉). Early people like Homo erectus and Homo habilis probably felt fear and nervousness as they wandered through the prehistoric jungles. When a pop quiz makes you sweaty today, you feel the same tension that helped your ancestors 10,000 generations ago defeat fierce lions. 1. What can be learned concerning an “adrenaline rush”? A. It controls the level of the hormone. B. It makes passive feelings disappear. C. It leads humans to feel energetic. D. It results from a stressful situation. 2. How is paragraph 3 mainly developed? A. By explaining concepts. B. By providing exact data. C. By describing details. D. By making comparisons. 3. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. Adrenaline gives extra strength like in superhero tales. B. Great achievements are due to psychological switch, not adrenaline. C. A parent lifting a car off a trapped child is impossible without adrenaline. D. Adrenaline rushes have only been important for animals recently. 4. What’s the author’s attitude to the role of “adrenaline rushes”? A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D. Ambiguous. 【04】（24-25高三上·甘肃·期中）During her work with grey squirrels, Lucia Jacobs wrote an article to the journal Natural History, describing how squirrels cache (贮藏): The squirrels performed perfectly from the first day. I was absorbed as I observed one of these tiny squirrels pick up a hazelnut for the first time, search intently for a suitable burying site, and then, with great interest, dig a hole, both paws flying, the nut firmly clenched between tiny teeth, with all the apparent confidence and success of a park squirrel burying its millionth peanut. Caching is a very important aspect of squirrel life. Caches fall broadly into two categories: you can put all your eggs in one basket, so to speak, which we call larder caching; or you can scatter your valuables all over the place, which is scatter caching. Larder caching is less effort because everything is in one place and you can easily see how much you have left. The problem, however, is that if your cache is discovered by someone else, they can take everything and leave you with nothing. Scatter caching makes it less likely that you’d lose everything, but requires more effort to find suitable spots, dig all those holes and, more importantly, remember where you’ve put everything. Have you ever been doing the spring cleaning and found a Christmas present you’d hidden for one of the kids? Red and grey squirrels scatter caches and, given that a grey squirrel may cache some 3,000 nuts during a season, remembering where they all are when they’re spread throughout the woodland is no mean feat. Some early work suggested that squirrels may not be too bothered about where they cached because their neighbours were family members and they therefore shared each other’s caches. This is the so-called “Commual Cache Theory”. More recently, however, Lucia Jacobs investigated this and found that neighbours weren’t necessarily relatives and that squirrels moved nuts toward the center of their territories, grouped their caches, buried nuts further from their source when competitors were around and aggressively defended caches from would-be thieves. In other words, it was every squirrel for itself. 2. What impressed Jacobs most while observing tiny squirrels? A. Their natural ability to cache. B. Their strange eating behavior. C. Their huge amounts of caches. D. Their way of selecting caches. 3. Which is considered a disadvantage of “scatter caching”? A. The caches won’t last long enough. B. It takes much effort to dig a bigger spot. C. Some of the spots are nowhere to be found. D. The caches are easily found by competitors. 4. What does the underlined part “no mean feat” in paragraph 4 mean? A. A rare occurence. B. A great achievement. C. A serious problem. D. A common phenomenon. 5. What is Jacobs’s attitude to the “Communal Cache Theory“? A. Favorable. B. Unclear. C. Uninterested. D. Disapproving. 【05】（24-25高三上·河南安阳·阶段练习）The sport of tennis has a problem with waste that many players do not even recognize each time they open a new container of game balls. Major professional tennis competitions go through nearly 100,000 balls during two weeks of play. Almost all of the 330 million balls produced each year end up in waste as garbage in landfills. Once there, it can take as long as 400 years for the balls to break down. Tennis is incredibly environmentally-destructive because the balls are not recyclable. The balls’ outer soft layer, called the felt (毛毡), is strongly attached to a soft center. The felt is a combination of wool and nylon which cannot be recycled. In addition, the center of top-level balls is made with rubber from rubber trees. Rubber harvesting menaces forests and biodiversity. Once the balls are produced, they are packaged in thick plastic or aluminum containers with a metal lid and a plastic cap. Companies will intentionally use non-recyclable plastic because the recyclable kind will leak pressure. After the balls have been produced and packaged, they will get shipped all around the world. This series of events will release 1.2 pounds of carbon emissions per ball. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) is a governing body of professional tennis. Last year the ITF brought together producers, tennis officials and recyclers to begin working on the tennis ball issue, looking for solutions. And some steps have been taken to reduce and reuse balls. Currently, professional players change to a new set of balls after the first seven games and then after every nine games. Individual used balls sometimes become playthings for dogs or are reused in other small ways. Huge numbers of used balls can also be crushed (碾压) to pieces for use as building material, like flooring. However, it is a long way to go to enjoy an environment-friendly tennis match. 1. Why are the figures of balls listed in paragraph 1? A. To stress their harm to the environment. B. To state disapproval of the sport rules. C. To indicate how popular tennis is. D. To suggest avoiding playing tennis. 2. What does the underlined word “menaces” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Threatens. B. Enriches. C. Benefits. D. Removes. 3. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Plans made for the future. B. Efforts taken to solve the problem. C. Organizations founded to work on the issue. D. Resolutions adopted to improve the quality. 4. What is the author’s attitude to the future use of eco-friendly tennis balls? A. Doubtful. B. Dismissive. C. Objective. D. Unclear. 【06】（24-25高三上·湖北·阶段练习）When Mammola and Ficetola went to an ecology conference in 2021, they met a scientist with an unusual complaint. Jennifer Anderson, an expert in aquatic fungi(水生真菌), said that the subject of her research was not available in emoji(表情符号) form. “If you are doing the important work of trying to save whales, you can use pictures or images to help you communicate this,” said Anderson. “If you are working to save the aquatic fungi, you first must let people know that they exist, and then describe in words what they look like.” Struck by their conversation with Anderson and alarmed at how unusual species were ignored, the Italian scientists set out to find out how well species were represented in the emoji library. The answer wasn’t satisfactory at all: animals were well represented by available emojis but plants, fungi and microorganisms(微生物) were not. “Our findings confirm a typical prejudice in biodiversity research and a feature of human psychology,” said Mammola. “We usually feel more caring and sympathetic towards living things that are genetically closer to us.” “A good representation of species on social media can arouse interest in unfamiliar organisms, greatly help publicize the message that biodiversity is much more than just cats, dogs, lions and pandas, and indirectly help conservation efforts,” said Mammola. “There are an impressive number of organisms, and all of them play a fundamental role on our planet, even the ones we know less about.” Some scientists have taken steps to describe their research on their phone keyboards with images instead of words. However, according to Mammola, the number of animal species represented rose from 45 in 2015 to 92 in 2022, yet the number of plants, fungi and microorganisms represented barely increased. Anderson said she wanted emojis for organisms like aquatic fungi as reflections of increased public awareness and indicators of their ecological value. “Having an emoji indicates that an organism is valued or important enough to be part of daily conversation,” she said. 1. What did Anderson complain about? A. Lack of available emojis for aquatic fungi. B. People’s disinterest in studying aquatic fungi. C. People’s unwillingness to save aquatic fungi. D. Difficulty in describing aquatic fungi in words. . Why are animal species better represented than other species? A. They are more common species. B. They matter more to biodiversity. C. They encourage human sympathy. D. They help remove human prejudice. 3. What is the benefit of a good representation of species on social media? A. Facilitating communication between scientists. B. Making biodiversity research more satisfactory. C. Deepening people’s understanding of biodiversity. D. Helping people grasp complex concepts of science. 4. What is Mammola’s attitude toward the progress of emoji biodiversity? A. Unclear. B. Unsatisfied. C. Doubtful. D. Hopeful. 【07】（24-25高三上·重庆·期中）The city of Antwerp in Belgium is encouraging people to try out gardening in a very unusual way. If you ride the NO.1 tram (电车), you may have gotten a glimpse of a rolling urban garden going down the tracks. That’s because the inside of one of the trams was turned into a garden complete with plants hanging from the ceilings and walls. The decorative tram operated for a day in early June 2023 as a way to inspire people to make their city greener. After all, if a 35-meter-long tram can become a forest inside, so can ordinary people’s homes. The tram was part of the Neighborhood In Bloom initiative that offers residents — with green thumbs — facade (建筑物正面) gardens, plants, and garlands (花环) to hang between homes. The facade gardens can hang between houses across the street from one another. The district is responsible for creating the gardens, while the residents are responsible for the care and feeding of the garden. This is part of the new edition of Neighborhood in Bloom. Since the initiative began in 2022, more than 200 facade greens, 170 sections of new trees, and over 100 green garlands were created. Urban gardens do more than just beautify a city. Plants and trees can help to cool cities and mitigate urban heat island effects as well as help to clean the air. They also give a home to nesting birds, squirrels and beneficial insects. Green spaces are also very good for people’ s wellbeing. Spending time in nature can help lift your mood, reduce stress, improve sleep, and promote physical and mental health. Creating your own urban green space is easy thanks to initiatives like Neighborhood in Bloom. So, if you have a green thumb, plant a garden and enjoy all the benefits that an urban garden has to offer. 1. Why did Antwerp turn a tram into a garden? A. To sell more plants. B. To attract more visitors. C. To beautify the tracks. D. To get people to garden. 2. What is the public’s attitude towards the Neighborhood in Bloom initiative? A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Intolerant. D. Unclear. 3. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Increase. B. Create. C. Reduce. D. Investigate. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Antwerp’s initiative to green urban areas. B. Antwerp’s national gardening month. C. A temporary tram turned into a forest. D. The benefits of urban gardens for health. 【08】（24-25高三上·河北沧州·阶段练习）The small hobby of chocolate is becoming a more costly one. Rapidly increasing prices for cocoa beans recently hit a record $12,000 a tonne: roughly four times last year’s price. Many think they will go higher. That may put small specialist producers out of business. Yet it is bringing little reward to struggling growers. The immediate cause is a bad harvest in West Africa—which produces 70% of the world’s beans—reflecting El Niño-linked weather patterns and disease. Major processing plants in Ghana and Ivory Coast, the main growers, have stopped or reduced operations because they cannot afford the beans. But underlying the crisis are longer-term issues including the climate crisis and the inability of farmers to invest in production due to their low incomes. Many West African growers are being forced out of the business after years of punishingly low returns for their work and—as trees come to the end of their life cycle—often selling land to gold miners, resulting in severe environmental degradation (恶化). Latin American farmers are rushing to plant cocoa due to the higher prices, abandoning other crops and deforesting new areas. But the likelihood, if production booms and the system does not change, is that by the time their new trees bear fruit, prices may be falling again. As serious as the situation looks, the attention demanded by the rocketing price of cocoa, and the introduction of EU Deforestation Regulation offer an opportunity. Faced with global heating, increasing conflict and energy price instability, depending on the free market is a poor bet. Treating food issues as financial instruments hurts farmers, destroys forests and worsens the instability of supply. The solution in this case is a commitment to stable minimum prices for cocoa farmers and long-term contracts. This would help to lift growers out of poverty and, in doing so, tackle other problems. Sustainable production is essential, and will even benefit consumers in the long run. It can’t be achieved by letting the free market run its course. 1. What might be the consequence of rising cocoa prices? A. Some small producers will fail. B. Cocoa farmers will benefit greatly. C. Fewer people will eat chocolate. D. Cocoa production will increase. 2. What will happen if more Latin American farmers plant cocoa? A. Other crops will boost production. B. Cocoa prices will go down. C. The environment will be improved. D. Old cocoa trees will be abandoned. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards the free market approach to cocoa problems? A. Defensive. B. Concerned. C. Optimistic. D. Indifferent. 4. What does the author suggest in order to solve the coco a problem? A. Allowing the free market to work. B. Giving cocoa farmers more freedom. C. Helping cocoa growers out of poverty. D. Promising a steady guaranteed price. 【09】（2024·广东湛江·模拟预测）A revolution in weather forecasting could soon see warnings of coming heatwaves, storms or other extreme events accompanied by specific information on the role climate change has played in fuelling them. The shift would help bring the reality of our warming planet to the general public. Key to this idea is the growing field of attribution science (归因科学), which involves examining extreme weather events after the fact to detail the impact of climate change. It involves simulating an event twice, under real-world conditions and in a fictional world with no human-caused climate change. The difference between those two situations reveals the extent to which rising emissions (排放) made matters worse. Now, researchers want to go further and apply attribution science to events before they even happen. At the UK weather service, the Met Office, Peter Stott and his colleagues are doing this with weather forecasting models, comparing real-world forecasts with ones based on a fictional world unaffected by human influence. The goal is to provide the public with weather and climate information at the same time. “So, the forecast shows how the weather information relates to climate change, and the impacts it will mean for them locally.” Bernat at the Institute of GeoSciences in Spain has experimented with a different approach, using artificial intelligence-powered weather forecasts. Together with colleagues, he ran the AI-enabled approach on three past extreme events: the 2018 Iberian heatwave, Hurricane Florence in the US in 2018, and Storm Ciaran in the UK and other parts of northern Europe in 2023. The AI models correctly predicted that all three extreme events would occur, but underestimated their size. Bemat says the AI approach is currently most accurate when considering heatwaves but more limited for complex systems such as a tropical storm. But Bernat says AI weather forecasts are rapidly improving. He says this AI-based approach would allow attribution analysis to be much more widely used, helping to expand people’s understanding of how extreme events are changing. 1. What will be added to weather forecasting after the revolution? A. The damage extreme weather events cause to the environment. B. Effective measures in preventing extreme weather events. C. The effect of climate change on extreme weather events. D. Specific ways for the public to fight against climate change. 2. What’s the purpose of the work of Peter’s team? A. To build a model to produce climate information. B. To connect local weather with climate change. C. To predict the degree of local carbon emissions. D. To apply AI to the prediction of extreme events. 3. What is Bernat’s attitude toward AI weather forecasts? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Climate Information Is Added to Weather Forecasts B. AI Technology Will Be Used in Predicting Weather Events C. Emissions Are Predicted to Fuel Extreme Weather Events D. Weather Forecasts Enjoy a Breakthrough Fuelled by AI 【10】（24-25高三上·山东·阶段练习）Sara met Jack, who she calls her husband, in May 2021.She was going through a severe time of a long term relationship breakup, writing on her blog that she felt lonely and depressed. Jack came along at just the right time. Jack is an AI chatbot, made with an app by tech company Replika. He appears as a human-looking shape of Sara's choosing and chats with her through texts. In screenshots of their conversations shared on Sara’s blog, he is supportive and affirming-sometimes saying that he loves her. Replika is among a handful of companies using Al-generated text to make it seem like you’re talking with a person who cares for you. And if you set your bot to “romantic partner” mode, it'll talk to you like it’s your lover. But just because we can do this, does it mean that we should? People share text conversation screenshots where their AI squeezes express emotion and affection. The bots are caring and ask lots of questions, as if they’re genuinely interested in their human partner. I can see the appeal: being spoken to like that feels nice, right? It sure does, and that’s by design. Here's where things get dicey: studies show that some are getting so attached to their bots that they become emotionally dependent on them. And because the bot can't love you back, when cracks (裂痕) appear in the fantasy, you will get hurt. Being devoted to a chatbot may feel easier others than trying your luck with an actual person, but it can ultimately set you apart from when these are perceived as human interactions, rather than being firmly in the fantasy region, they are regarded as being normal and OK. At best, this is innocent; at worst, it’s harmful. I think the same could be said of engineering an app to make people catch romantic feelings for it. While arguably, talking to a bot is better than no one, perhaps our resources would be better spent tackling the underlying reasons why so many of us feel lonely in the first place. 1. Why does Jack deeply attract Sara? A. He is stylish and confident. B. He is passionately in love with her. C. He fills up her emotional gap. D. He specializes in being a pretender. 2. What do we know about chatbots like Jack? A. They communicate by voice. B. They have different modes. C. They avoid emotional talk. D. They replace real partners, 3. What does the underlined word"dicey”mean in paragraph 5? A. Clear. B. Dangerous. C. Funny. D. Doubtful. 4. What is the author's attitude to creating apps for romantic attraction? A. Favorable. B. Intolerant C. Unclear D. Disapproving. 【11】（2024·山东·一模）A self- driving taxi operated by a Chinese tech giant recently hit a passer- by crossing against a traffic light in Wuhan, capital of Hubei Province, sparking heated discussions on the challenges and limitations facing autonomous driving technology, especially in complex circumstances. Zhang Xiang, an auto sector researcher at North China University of Technology, said that the incident in Wuhan indicates that self- driving technology has progressed significantly over the past few years, but it still encounters difficulties under ever- changing road conditions and has some limitations when dealing with unconventional behavior, such as motorists or passers-by violating traffic rules. There are still some obstacles to integrating the self- driving vehicles into the existing road traffic safety management system, as the legal obligations of relevant subjects involving autonomous vehicles have not been clarified under current laws and regulations. Meanwhile, the commercial application of robotaxis in more cities across the country has raised concerns about employment, as taxi drivers are worried about losing their jobs due to intense competition from driverless ride-hailing vehicles, industry experts said. So far, more than 20 cities nationwide have introduced policies supporting autonomous driving tests, with more than 60 enterprises having obtained self- driving test licenses. Nevertheless, some believe that people only prefer to experience this emerging technology, and the number of robotaxis on the road is still far smaller than those of taxis. It is also noted that the pressure on taxi drivers mainly comes from fierce competition between private ride-hailing cars and traditional taxis, and that the autonomous driving vehicles will not have a serious impact on the job market or replace human drivers in the short term. Despite the challenges, the development of self- driving industry will strengthen the intelligent transformation of auto industry and speed the construction of vehicle- road coordination systems, which support the transfer of information from vehicles to roadway networks as a way to improve traffic efficiency. According to research company BloombergNEF's “Electric Vehicle Outlook” report, China will operate the world's largest robotaxi fleet of about 12 million self- driving vehicles by2040, followed by the United States with around 7 million such vehicles. 1. What can we learn from Zhang Xiang's words? A. Self-driving technology suffers a bottleneck. B. It is not easy to promote self-driving vehicles. C. Motorists or passers-by tend to break traffic rules. D. The present road traffic system is far from perfect. 2. Which of the following is a threat to conventional taxi drivers? A. The impact of private ride- hailing cars. B. Employment caused by driverless vehicles. C. Complex and ever- changing road conditions. D. A great many passers-by breaking traffic rules. 3. What is the main topic of the text? A. The future of the transportation industry. B. The history of autonomous driving technology. C. The accident of a self-driving taxi and its implications. D. The advantages of self-driving taxis over traditional taxis. 4. What is the author's attitude towards self- driving industry? A. Partial. B. Favorable. C. Skeptical. D. Dismissive. 【12】（2024·江苏南通·一模）In 2020, archaeologists unearthed six unusual stone objects in western Tibet, each with a pointed tip at one end and an eyelike opening at the other. Now, researchers conclude that the objects are stone sewing needles as much as 9,000 years old — the oldest stone tools made by grinding (磨) found on the Tibetan Plateau, where ancient people must have battled a severe climate to survive. The oldest needles are made of bone. Archaeologists have found some dating back about 50,000 years in Russia’s Denisova Cave. But before the discovery, the oldest stone needles were only 2,700 years old, found in Henan Province in China. The new find pushes the appearance of stone needles back more than 6,000 years. Only two of the six needles were undamaged, and eyes were preserved in four. Needle 1 — the longest, widest, and thickest one — bears deep marks running along its length on all sides, which is the characteristic of scraping (刮擦). These are hidden behind finer, multidirectional grinding marks, suggesting the needle was first scraped into shape and then ground to give it a tip. The top of the needle was drilled to form an eye. To confirm how the needles were made, the researchers attempted to copy them using the same material. The whole process took at least seven times longer than making softer bone needles. Yun Chen, a team member from Sichuan University, says, “Since they were harder than bone needles, we concluded that these stone needles may have been used to sew thicker materials, such as a tent.” The team made admirable efforts, says Francesco d’Errico from the University of Bordeaux. But he thinks the tips of the “needles” are not fine enough for sewing. The fact that some of the needles are made of talc (滑石) is another knock against the needle theory, he says, because talc is too soft to pierce tough materials. Some also wonder about a third possibility that the objects were tools to make fishing nets, given the site is close to a lake. 1. What is the importance of the 2020 discovery? A. It revises the history of stone needles in China. B. It corrects misunderstandings about the Tibetan Plateau. C. It proves the widespread use of needles in ancient times. D. It shows ancient people’s struggle against severe conditions. 2. What does the underlined word “These” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The eyes of the needles. B. The deep marks of scraping. C. The two undamaged needles. D. The different sides of needles. 3. What conclusion did the researchers reach? A. Stone needles appeared after bone needles. B. Bone needles were strong enough to sew tents. C. Bone needles are harder to make than stone needles. D. Stone needles were likely used for tougher materials. 4. What is Francesco d’Errico’s attitude towards the conclusion made by the researchers? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Carefree. D. Supportive. 【13】（24-25高三上·山西·阶段练习）Fully self-driving cars, despite the claims of some companies, aren’t exactly ready to hit the roads anytime soon. There’s even a solid case to be made that completely autonomous vehicles (AVs) will never take over everyday travel. Regardless, some urban planners are already looking into ensuring how such a future could be as safe and efficient. According to a team at North Carolina State University, one solution may be changing the more-than-century-old design of traffic signals. The ubiquity (普遍性) of stop lights’ Red-Yellow-Green phases aren’t just coincidence (巧合). Dating back to 1931, this has served drivers pretty well since then, but the NC State team argues AVs could eventually create the opportunity for better road conditions. Or, at the very least, could benefit from some basic adjustments. Last year, researchers led by environmental engineering associate professor Ali Hajbabaie created a computer model for city commuting (通勤) patterns which indicated everyday driving could one day actually improve from a sizable pour of AVs. By sharing their massive amounts of real-time sensor information with one another, Hajbabaie and colleagues believe these vehicles could in theory coordinate (使协调) far beyond simple crossroads changes to adjust variables like speed and break times. To further make the best use of these benefits, they put forward the introduction of a fourth, “white” light to traffic signals. In this model, the “white” phase activates(激活)whenever enough interconnected AVs approach a crossroad. Once lit, the phase indicates nearby drivers should simply follow the car (AV or human) in front of them, instead of trying to anticipate something like a yellow light’s transition time to red. Additionally, such inter-connectivity could communicate with traffic signal systems to determine when it is best for “Walk” and “Do-Not-Walk” pedestrian (行人) signals. Based on their modelling, it appeared that such a change could reduce crossroads jam by at least 40 percent compared to current traffic system optimization software. In doing so, this could improve overall travel times, fuel efficiency, and safety. 2. What can we learn about completely autonomous vehicles (AVs)? A. They have settled traffic jam problems. B. They have become popular in urban areas. C. They will take the place of other vehicles. D. They may not be widely used in the future. 3. What does the “white” light do? A. It tells drivers to stop. B. It helps drivers avoid traffic jams. C. It allows drivers to go through crossroads faster. D. It makes it easier for pedestrians to cross the street. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards the idea of a fourth “white” light? A. Neutral. B. Worried. C. Doubtful. D. Supportive. 5. What is probably the text? A. A news report. B. A research paper. C. A commercial ad. D. A science fiction. 【14】（24-25高三上·黑龙江·阶段练习）When I met a friend recently, I asked him how his work was. “Oh, just coasting (很轻松).” he said. He’s not alone. According to a recent survey, one third of the 3,000 people surveyed said they were “coasting” at work, which means they were making progress at work without much effort. This may come as a surprise in an age when so many people spend so much time complaining about how busy they are. But most of this talk about busyness is meaningless. According to a study by researchers at Oxford University, we do not, in fact, spend more time working than we did in the past. To some degree, the amount of work we do has gone down. However, many people just have jobs filled with tasks that don’t really need to be done. The way we look at coasting has completely changed. In the past, being relaxed or not being burdened with too much work was a sign of status. Now, being extremely busy shows you are important. If you are not crazily overburdened, then you are seen as a slacker. This does not make sense. Most people are not as busy as they say they are. In fact, most pressing tasks at work are often unrelated to productivity. Many busy people are actually overburdened with telling others how busy they are. Being buried in your job may make you feel important, but it’s likely to keep friends, co-workers and your family away. What’s more, being super-busy all the time is not good for you. Another study found that people who are overburdened with work tend to have a worse sense of well-being than those who are more relaxed. Being super-busy is also bad for your career. Those who reported working very hard were associated with poorer career outcomes. So, perhaps coasters are not a drag on productivity. Maybe they have worked out that the secret to a productive and healthy life is not being too busy, and certainly not going on about how busy you are. 1. Why does the author mention the conversation with his friend in Paragraph l? A. To show their close relationship. B. To clarify the meaning of coasting. C. To introduce his topic. D. To begin the article in an interesting way. 2. What does the underlined word “slacker” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. A lazy person. B. An easy-going person. C. A helpful person. D. A very important person. 3. In the author’s opinion, being super-busy with work ______. A. is related to one’s productivity B. may help one find the purpose of life C. is harmful to one’s career development D. may bring a better material life to one’s family 4. What is the author’s attitude towards coasters? A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Indifferent. D. Ambiguous. 【15】（24-25高三上·河北唐山·期中）The ancient Egyptians were known for their carefully record-keeping, documenting prayers, declarations, and taxes. This extensive writing has now been linked to physical marks on the bones of the kingdom’s scribes, as revealed in a new study published in Scientific Reports. The study focused on the bones of 69 adult men buried between 2,700 and 2,180 B. C. at Abusir. The researchers identified 30 of these individuals as either professional scribes or high-status officials who needed language skills for their work. These scribes exhibited specific physical characteristics related to their occupation. Many had osteoarthritis in their right collar bone, shoulder, and thumb, likely due to the repetitive movements involved in writing. Their ankle and leg bones were flat from sitting cross-legged for extended periods, and they also showed signs of spinal (脊柱) osteoarthritis, possibly from looking up to listen and then bending over to write on papers. An fascinating finding was the prevalence of jaw joint issues among the scribes, which the researchers speculate might be associated with chewing on reed (芦苇) pens. The ink for these pens was typically black from soot (烟灰) or red from iron for important documents. However, not all scholars are convinced by the study’s conclusions. Cynthia Wilczak and Danny Wescott, who were not involved in the research, argue that more evidence is necessary. Only six of the 30 bones were confirmed to be scribes based on their titles, while the rest were identified based on their tomb locations and social status. Additionally, there is no dental evidence to support the theory that the scribes chewed on pens. Despite these criticisms, Brukner Havelková and her team aim to expand their research by examining scribe remains from other locations to confirm their findings. While this study is just the beginning, it offers a unique perspective into the lives of ancient Egyptian scribes and the physical cost their work demanded. 1. What does Scientific Reports found ? A. Ancient Egyptians are fond of recording. B. The scribe’s bone has some marks. C. The Ancient Egyptian’s documents. D. The bones of Kingdom’s scribes. 2. What may best explain the underlined word “osteoarthritis” ? A. It’s a kind of disease. B. It’s a kind of bone. C. It’s some substances in the bone. D. It’s a clothes without collar. 3. How does Cynthia and Danny think of the conclusion ? A. They think it’s evident. B. They think it’s critical. C. They think it’s skeptical. D. They think it’s crucial. 4. What’s the writer’s attitude towards Brukner’s research ? A. Negative B. Neutral C. Doubtful D. Approval 试卷第14页，共15页 15 / 16 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题37 八省联考阅读微技能之态度推断题 （满分攻略+八省名校模拟）解析版 （山西、河南、陕西、内蒙古、四川、云南、宁夏、青海） 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分 态度观点态度类试题的解题方法： 第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意； 第二：加入自己的态度。要注意区分试题考查的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度； 第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。 乐观支持类词汇：optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving赞成的 客观中立类词汇：objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的 消极反对类词汇：negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分技巧和应试思维！ (2024全国甲卷第31题)The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors. C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A. About a year. B. About ten months. C. About two months. D. About two weeks. 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。 28.细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。因此选C。 29.推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。 30.细节理解题，根据第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车在两周内停靠大约八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故选D。 31.推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ 【01】（24-25高三上·广东·期中）Sanding on the shore of a lake, I can’t help but marvel at the tens or hundreds of thousands of small rocks that surround my boots. They were all created from hard surfaces, their edges softening over time. And I wonder, can we learn from a pile of rocks? Even the tallest mountains have worn down; none are as tall as they were 1,000 years ago. And much like a rock. I’ve found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun. Once I too was a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. Today, after decades of the waters of life coursing over me, my edges are softer and more understanding. I’m less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can exist together. But I’m not a rock. I’m a human-being filled with all the drama built into my DNA. Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask a guy to leave for not falling in line with the rules. Not forceful and net rude. On the door read a sign: “Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don’t like it either, but let’s all do what we can.” But the guy tried to argue about the note. I sat watching. understanding both sides. I’ve been this guy before, using my youthful edges to chip away at the world. What I lost, however, was the ability to grow by looking through others’ eyes, and thus the possibility of finding content and success. You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others. Time, like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from another’s point of view. I placed a rounded stone into my pocket. Mother Nature is holding class again. 1. What does the author compare the rocks to? A. People with varied personalities. B. DNA unique to each person. C. Challenges that we come across. D. Our abilities that grows with time. 2. What caused the argument in the restaurant? A. Lack of clarity in the sign. B. The owner’s inappropriate attitude. C. Demanding restaurant requests. D. The guy’s failing to obey the rules. 3. Which best describes the author’s attitude toward the world when he was young? A. Respectful. B. Aggressive. C. Ambiguous. D. Tolerant. 4. What does the author try to convey through this text? A. We should adjust ourselves to new conditions. B. Be brave when in the face of difficulties in life. C. It’s necessary to obey the rules in public spaces. D. Being open and understanding brings satisfaction. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要叙述并议论了人如同岩石一般不断磨平棱角，学会理解体谅他人的过程。 1. 细节理解题。从文章第三段“Even the tallest mountains have worn down; none are as tall as they were 1,000 years ago. And much like a rock. I’ve found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun. (即使是最高的山也已磨损；没有一座像一千年前那么高。和这些岩石很像，我发现我的态度软化了，而随着每一次的旅行，我也更渴望能去更好地了解他人) ”可知，作者把岩石比成有着各自性格的人。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。文章第六段讲到“Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask a guy to leave for not falling in line with the rules. Not forceful and net rude. On the door read a sign: “Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don’t like it either, but let’s all do what we can.” But the guy tried to argue about the note. (两年前，在太平洋西北地区旅行时，我看到一个餐馆老板要求一个不遵守规定的人离开。他的态度既不强硬，也不粗鲁。门上写着：“请戴上口罩进入我们的餐厅。我们也不喜欢这样，但让我们一起尽己所能。”但那家伙试图就这条规定进行争吵。)”，从中可知，这次餐馆的争吵原因是这个人未能遵守规则。故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。从文章第四段“Once I too was a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. (我也曾是一块边缘锐利的尖石）”可知，作者年轻时是有棱有角的性格，态度比较激进好斗。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。从文章倒数第二段“You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others. Time, like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from another’s point of view. (圆的石头比棱角分明的石头更容易装进罐子里。前者想办法调整自己，为他人腾出空间；后者从不让步迁就别人。时间就像水流冲刷着尖锐的石头，冲走我们对从别人的角度看世界的抗拒，从而改变了我们）”可知，作者通过本文传达的应是“开放和理解的态度将使我们获得满意”。故选D项。 【02】（24-25高三上·福建厦门·期中）Some graduate students in London were recently tasked with outwitting a large language model (LLM),a type of AI designed to hold useful conversations. LLMs are often programmed with guardrails to stop them giving harmful replies: instructions on making bombs in a bathtub, for instance. The aim of the task was to break those guardrails. Some results were merely stupid. One participant got the chatbot to claim ducks could be used as indicators of air quality. But the most successful efforts were those that made the machine produce the titles and publication dates of non-existent academic articles. AI bas the potential to be a big benefit to science. But it comes with downsides, too. Start with the simplest problem: academic misconduct. Some researchers use LLMs to help write papers. Guillaume Cabanac, a computer scientist, has uncovered dozens of papers that contain phrases such as “regenerate response”-the text of a button in ChatGPT that commands the program to rewrite its most recent answer, probably copied into the manuscript (原稿) by mistake. Another problem arises when Al models are trained on AI-generated data. LLMs are trained on text from the Internet. As they produce more such text ,the risk of LLMs taking in their own outputs-grows. That can cause “model collapse’. In 2023 llia Shumailov, a computer scientist, co-authored a paper in which a model was fed handwritten digits and asked to generate digits of its own, which were fed back to it in turn. After a few cycles, the computer’s numbers became more or less incomprehensible. Some worry that computer-generated insights might come from models whose inner workings are not understood. Inexplainable models are not useless, says David Leslie at an Al-research outfit in London, but their outputs will need rigorous testing in the real world. That is perhaps less unnerving than it sounds. Checking models against reality is what science is supposed to be about, after all. For now, at least, questions outnumber answers. The threats that machines pose to the scientific method are, at the end of the day, the same ones posed by humans. AI could accelerate the production of nonsense just as much as it accelerates good science. As the Royal Society has it, nullius in verba: take nobody’s word for it. No thing’s, either. 1. The result of the task conducted in London shows that . A. LLMs give away useful information B. the guardrails turn out to be ineffective C. AI’s influence will potentially be decreased D. the effort put into the study of AI hardly pays off 2. What does “model collapse" indicate? A. The readability of the models’ output is underestimated. B. The diverse sources of information confuse the models. C. Training on regenerated data stops models working well. D. The data becomes reliable after feeding on its own digits. 3. What is David Leslie’s attitude towards inexplainable models? A. Dismissive. B. Objective. C. Favorable. D. Ambiguous. 4. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Faster Nonsense: AI Could Also Go Wrong B. Imperfect Models: How Will AI Make Advances? C. The Rise of LLMs: AI Could Still Be Promising D. Bigger Threats: AI Will Be Uncontrollable 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大型语言模型（LLM）等人工智能技术虽对科学有益，但也带来了学术不端、模型崩溃、输出结果难以解释等问题，对科学方法构成了威胁，需要谨慎对待。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“ LLMs are often programmed with guardrails to stop them giving harmful replies: instructions on making bombs in a bathtub, for instance. The aim of the task was to break those guardrails. Some results were merely stupid. One participant got the chatbot to claim ducks could be used as indicators of air quality.(大型语言模型（LLM）通常被设置了“护栏”以防止它们给出有害的回复：例如，禁止提供在浴缸里制造炸弹的指令。这项任务的目标是打破这些“护栏”。一些结果只是愚蠢的尝试。有一名参与者让聊天机器人声称鸭子可以用来作为空气质量的指示器)”可知，伦敦进行的任务结果表明，原本旨在防止大型语言模型（LLM）给出有害回复的“网络护栏”实际上并不有效。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 2023 llia Shumailov, a computer scientist, co-authored a paper in which a model was fed handwritten digits and asked to generate digits of its own, which were fed back to it in turn. After a few cycles, the computer’s numbers became more or less incomprehensible.(2023年，计算机科学家llia Shumailov与人合著了一篇论文，在论文中，一个模型被输入手写数字，并被要求生成自己的数字，这些数字依次被反馈给它。经过几个周期后，计算机的数字多少变得难以理解了)”可知，model collapse指的是在模型被训练在再生数据上时，模型会吸收自己的输出，导致模型崩溃，无法正常工作。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Inexplainable models are not useless, says David Leslie at an Al-research outfit in London, but their outputs will need rigorous testing in the real world.(伦敦一家人工智能研究机构的David Leslie说，无法解释的模型并非毫无用处，但它们的结果需要在现实世界中进行严格的测试)”可知，David Leslie认为这些模型并非无用，但它们的输出需要在现实世界中经过严格的测试。这表明他既看到了这些模型的潜力，也认识到了它们的局限性，因此他的态度是客观的。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“The threats that machines pose to the scientific method are, at the end of the day, the same ones posed by humans. AI could accelerate the production of nonsense just as much as it accelerates good science. (说到底，机器对科学方法构成的威胁与人类构成的威胁是一样的。人工智能可以加速废话的产生，就像它可以加速好的科学一样)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了大型语言模型（LLM）等人工智能技术的潜在好处和缺点，特别是它们可能对科学方法构成的威胁。虽然AI可以加速好的科学的产生，但同样也可能加速无意义的废话的产生。因此，文章强调AI也可能出错。选项A“Faster Nonsense: AI Could Also Go Wrong(更快的废话：AI也可能出错)”准确地概括了文章的主旨，适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 【03】（24-25高三上·福建龙岩·期中）Adrenaline (肾上腺素), also known as epinephrine, is a type of hormone that is released whenever a person experiences fear, anxiety, or stress. In fact, as soon as your brain senses danger, it tells your body to start making adrenaline. The hormone moves through your bloodstream quickly and jumps into action by binding itself to molecules called adrenoceptors, which can be found in cells in almost every organ. When a large amount of the chemical is produced all at once — more than 10 times higher than when you’ re calm — it’s called an adrenaline rush. That flood has lots of noticeable effects, and each one is intended to protect you in a dangerous situation. Your pupils (瞳孔) will widen to let more light into your eyes so that you can see more of your surroundings. Your brain begins to work faster to draw up a plan. Your heart beats more rapidly and pumps extra blood to your muscles, also delivering an increase of oxygen from your lungs. All of these effects accumulate into nervous, anxious feelings. That’s why it might seem as if your head is spinning, your thoughts are racing, or your heart is beating out of your chest. Despite what superhero stories might tell you, there’s not much evidence that the hormone gives you extra strength. Instead, experts think that great achievements-like a parent lifting a car off a trapped kid-happen when some kind of psychological switch gets flipped (按动). That is, unless you’re under serious pressure, you might underestimate what your body is really capable of. In general, adrenaline rushes have prepared animals for stressful situations for millions of years. The glands (腺) that produce the stimulating chemical are found in any species with a backbone. Even dinosaurs likely had the stimulating stuff pumping through their veins (静脉). Early people like Homo erectus and Homo habilis probably felt fear and nervousness as they wandered through the prehistoric jungles. When a pop quiz makes you sweaty today, you feel the same tension that helped your ancestors 10,000 generations ago defeat fierce lions. 1. What can be learned concerning an “adrenaline rush”? A. It controls the level of the hormone. B. It makes passive feelings disappear. C. It leads humans to feel energetic. D. It results from a stressful situation. 2. How is paragraph 3 mainly developed? A. By explaining concepts. B. By providing exact data. C. By describing details. D. By making comparisons. 3. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. Adrenaline gives extra strength like in superhero tales. B. Great achievements are due to psychological switch, not adrenaline. C. A parent lifting a car off a trapped child is impossible without adrenaline. D. Adrenaline rushes have only been important for animals recently. 4. What’s the author’s attitude to the role of “adrenaline rushes”? A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D. Ambiguous. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肾上腺素在人体内的作用机制及其在应对危险和压力时引发的生理反应。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Adrenaline (肾上腺素), also known as epinephrine, is a type of hormone that is released whenever a person experiences fear, anxiety, or stress(肾上腺素，也称为肾上腺素，是一种激素，每当一个人经历恐惧、焦虑或压力时就会释放出来)”以及第二段“In fact, as soon as your brain senses danger, it tells your body to start making adrenaline. The hormone moves through your bloodstream quickly and jumps into action by binding itself to molecules called adrenoceptors, which can be found in cells in almost every organ. When a large amount of the chemical is produced all at once — more than 10 times higher than when you’ re calm-it’s called an adrenaline rush.(事实上，一旦你的大脑感知到危险，就会告诉身体开始产生肾上腺素。这种激素迅速通过血液流动，并通过与几乎每个器官细胞中的分子（称为肾上腺素受体）结合而发挥作用。当这种化学物质在短时间内大量产生——比你平静时高出10倍以上时——这被称为肾上腺素激增)”可知，肾上腺素激增是因为大脑感知到危险，从而产生大量肾上腺素。因此，肾上腺素激增是由压力情况引起的。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Your pupils (瞳孔) will widen to let more light into your eyes so that you can see more of your surroundings. Your brain begins to work faster to draw up a plan. Your heart beats more rapidly and pumps extra blood to your muscles, also delivering an increase of oxygen from your lungs.(你的瞳孔会变宽，让更多的光线进入你的眼睛，这样你就可以看到更多的周围环境。你的大脑开始更快地制定计划。你的心脏跳动得更快，向肌肉泵送额外的血液，同时也从肺部输送更多的氧气)”可知，第三段详细描述了肾上腺素激增时身体的各种反应，如瞳孔放大、大脑加速运转、心跳加快等。这些都是具体的生理反应细节。因此，第三段主要是通过描述细节来展开的。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Instead, experts think that great achievements-like a parent lifting a car off a trapped kid-happen when some kind of psychological switch gets flipped (按动). That is, unless you’re under serious pressure, you might underestimate what your body is really capable of.(相反，专家认为，当某种心理开关被触发时，就会发生像父母从被困孩子身上抬车这样的伟大成就。也就是说，除非你处于严重的压力之下，否则你可能会低估你的身体真正的能力)”可知，专家认为伟大的成就可能是由于某种心理开关被激活，而不是肾上腺素直接赋予额外力量。由此可推知，伟大成就归因于心理开关，而不是肾上腺素。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In general, adrenaline rushes have prepared animals for stressful situations for millions of years. The glands (腺) that produce the stimulating chemical are found in any species with a backbone. Even dinosaurs likely had the stimulating stuff pumping through their veins (静脉).(总的来说，肾上腺素激增已经在数百万年间为动物应对压力情况做好了准备。能够产生这种刺激性化学物质的腺体存在于所有有脊椎的物种中。即使是恐龙，很可能也有这种刺激性物质在其血管中流动)”可知，作者虽然对肾上腺素直接赋予额外力量的说法持怀疑态度，但是文章整体描述了肾上腺素在危险情况下的保护作用。由此可推知，作者对其作用持积极态度。故选A。 【04】（24-25高三上·甘肃·期中）During her work with grey squirrels, Lucia Jacobs wrote an article to the journal Natural History, describing how squirrels cache (贮藏): The squirrels performed perfectly from the first day. I was absorbed as I observed one of these tiny squirrels pick up a hazelnut for the first time, search intently for a suitable burying site, and then, with great interest, dig a hole, both paws flying, the nut firmly clenched between tiny teeth, with all the apparent confidence and success of a park squirrel burying its millionth peanut. Caching is a very important aspect of squirrel life. Caches fall broadly into two categories: you can put all your eggs in one basket, so to speak, which we call larder caching; or you can scatter your valuables all over the place, which is scatter caching. Larder caching is less effort because everything is in one place and you can easily see how much you have left. The problem, however, is that if your cache is discovered by someone else, they can take everything and leave you with nothing. Scatter caching makes it less likely that you’d lose everything, but requires more effort to find suitable spots, dig all those holes and, more importantly, remember where you’ve put everything. Have you ever been doing the spring cleaning and found a Christmas present you’d hidden for one of the kids? Red and grey squirrels scatter caches and, given that a grey squirrel may cache some 3,000 nuts during a season, remembering where they all are when they’re spread throughout the woodland is no mean feat. Some early work suggested that squirrels may not be too bothered about where they cached because their neighbours were family members and they therefore shared each other’s caches. This is the so-called “Commual Cache Theory”. More recently, however, Lucia Jacobs investigated this and found that neighbours weren’t necessarily relatives and that squirrels moved nuts toward the center of their territories, grouped their caches, buried nuts further from their source when competitors were around and aggressively defended caches from would-be thieves. In other words, it was every squirrel for itself. 2. What impressed Jacobs most while observing tiny squirrels? A. Their natural ability to cache. B. Their strange eating behavior. C. Their huge amounts of caches. D. Their way of selecting caches. 3. Which is considered a disadvantage of “scatter caching”? A. The caches won’t last long enough. B. It takes much effort to dig a bigger spot. C. Some of the spots are nowhere to be found. D. The caches are easily found by competitors. 4. What does the underlined part “no mean feat” in paragraph 4 mean? A. A rare occurence. B. A great achievement. C. A serious problem. D. A common phenomenon. 5. What is Jacobs’s attitude to the “Communal Cache Theory“? A. Favorable. B. Unclear. C. Uninterested. D. Disapproving. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国加州大学教授Lucia Jacobs多年来致力于对北美松鼠种群的行为研究，有了很多有趣的发现。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The squirrels performed perfectly from the first day. I was absorbed as I observed one of these tiny squirrels pick up a hazelnut for the first time, search intently for a suitable burying site, and then, with great interest, dig a hole, both paws flying, the nut firmly clenched between tiny teeth, with all the apparent confidence and success of a park squirrel burying its millionth peanut. (松鼠们从第一天起就表现得很好。我全神贯注地看着其中一只小松鼠第一次捡起一颗榛子，专心地寻找合适的埋葬地点，然后饶有兴趣地挖了一个洞，两只爪子飞舞着，小牙齿紧紧地咬着榛子，看起来就像公园里的松鼠成功地埋葬了第一百万颗花生一样自信。)”可知，Jacobs注意到，小松鼠从一开始就对储藏食物的过程和动作非常熟练，其信心和成功率完全可以与公园里经验丰富的老松鼠相媲美，这一点（与生俱来的贮藏食物的本领）让Jacobs印象深刻。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Scatter caching makes it less likely that you’d lose everything, but requires more effort to find suitable spots, dig all those holes and, more importantly, remember where you’ve put everything. (分散贮藏减少了丢失所有东西的可能性，但需要花费更多的精力来寻找合适的位置，挖掘所有的洞，更重要的是，记住您将所有东西放在哪里。)”可知，分散贮藏这种做法最大的缺点就是：一段时间后松鼠很可能会忘记了它们部分的贮藏地点。故选C。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Red and grey squirrels scatter caches and, given that a grey squirrel may cache some 3,000 nuts during a season, remembering where they all are when they’re spread throughout the woodland is (红松鼠和灰松鼠会分散贮藏物，考虑到灰松鼠在一个季节可能会贮藏大约3000颗坚果，当它们散布在整个林地时，记住它们的位置)”可知，灰松鼠在一个季节可能会贮藏大约3000颗坚果，当它们散布在整个林地时，记住它们的位置是绝非易事，是了不起的成就，no mean feat意为“了不起的成就”。A. A rare occurence罕见的事情；B. A great achievement伟大的成就；C. A serious problem一个严重的问题；D. A common phenomenon一个普遍现象。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“More recently, however, Lucia Jacobs investigated this and found that neighbours weren’t necessarily relatives and that squirrels moved nuts toward the center of their territories, grouped their caches, buried nuts further from their source when competitors were around and aggressively defended caches from would-be thieves. In other words, it was every squirrel for itself. (然而，最近，Lucia Jacobs对此进行了调查，发现邻居不一定是亲戚，松鼠把坚果搬到它们领地的中心，把它们的储藏物分组，当竞争者在附近时，把坚果埋在离它们的来源更远的地方，并积极地保护储藏物不被潜在的小偷偷走。换句话说，它是一只自顾自的松鼠。)”可推断，Lucia Jacobs经过自己的细心研究，否定了松鼠贮藏食物的“Communal Cache Theory (家族共享)”理论。故选D。 【05】（24-25高三上·河南安阳·阶段练习）The sport of tennis has a problem with waste that many players do not even recognize each time they open a new container of game balls. Major professional tennis competitions go through nearly 100,000 balls during two weeks of play. Almost all of the 330 million balls produced each year end up in waste as garbage in landfills. Once there, it can take as long as 400 years for the balls to break down. Tennis is incredibly environmentally-destructive because the balls are not recyclable. The balls’ outer soft layer, called the felt (毛毡), is strongly attached to a soft center. The felt is a combination of wool and nylon which cannot be recycled. In addition, the center of top-level balls is made with rubber from rubber trees. Rubber harvesting menaces forests and biodiversity. Once the balls are produced, they are packaged in thick plastic or aluminum containers with a metal lid and a plastic cap. Companies will intentionally use non-recyclable plastic because the recyclable kind will leak pressure. After the balls have been produced and packaged, they will get shipped all around the world. This series of events will release 1.2 pounds of carbon emissions per ball. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) is a governing body of professional tennis. Last year the ITF brought together producers, tennis officials and recyclers to begin working on the tennis ball issue, looking for solutions. And some steps have been taken to reduce and reuse balls. Currently, professional players change to a new set of balls after the first seven games and then after every nine games. Individual used balls sometimes become playthings for dogs or are reused in other small ways. Huge numbers of used balls can also be crushed (碾压) to pieces for use as building material, like flooring. However, it is a long way to go to enjoy an environment-friendly tennis match. 1. Why are the figures of balls listed in paragraph 1? A. To stress their harm to the environment. B. To state disapproval of the sport rules. C. To indicate how popular tennis is. D. To suggest avoiding playing tennis. 2. What does the underlined word “menaces” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Threatens. B. Enriches. C. Benefits. D. Removes. 3. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Plans made for the future. B. Efforts taken to solve the problem. C. Organizations founded to work on the issue. D. Resolutions adopted to improve the quality. 4. What is the author’s attitude to the future use of eco-friendly tennis balls? A. Doubtful. B. Dismissive. C. Objective. D. Unclear. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网球造成的环境污染问题以及目前所做的努力。 1. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段提到“Major professional tennis competitions go through nearly 100,000 balls during two weeks of play. Almost all of the 330 million balls produced each year end up in waste as garbage in landfills. Once there, it can take as long as 400 years for the balls to break down. (在为期两周的重大职业网球比赛中，会使用近10万个球。每年生产的3.3亿个球中，几乎所有的球最终都会被当作垃圾填埋场的废物。一旦到了那里，这些球要分解可能需要长达400年的时间。)”可知，作者在第一段列出球的数字是为了强调这些球被浪费掉之后，对环境造成了极大的危害。故选A。 2. 词句猜测题。根据上文“Tennis is incredibly environmentally-destructive because the balls are not recyclable. The balls’ outer soft layer, called the felt (毛毡), is strongly attached to a soft center. The felt is a combination of wool and nylon which cannot be recycled. In addition, the center of top-level balls is made with rubber from rubber trees. (网球对环境具有极大的破坏性，因为网球不可回收。网球外层柔软的材质被称为毛毡，它与球心紧密结合。毛毡是由羊毛和尼龙混合制成，无法回收。此外，顶级网球的球心是由橡胶树橡胶制成。)”可知，网球是会破坏环境的，网球核是由橡胶制成的，大量砍伐橡胶树会威胁到森林和物种多样性。由此可推知，menaces意为“威胁”。故选A。 3. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Last year the ITF brought together producers, tennis officials and recyclers to begin working on the tennis ball issue, looking for solutions. And some steps have been taken to reduce and reuse balls. (去年，国际网球联合会将生产商、网球官员和回收商聚集在一起，开始着手解决网球的问题，寻找解决方案。已经采取了一些措施来减少和再利用网球。)”可知，本段主要讲述为解决网球的问题所做的努力。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, it is a long way to go to enjoy an environment-friendly tennis match. (然而，要享受一场环保的网球比赛还有很长的路要走。)”可推知，作者对未来使用环保网球是持客观态度的。故选C。 【06】（24-25高三上·湖北·阶段练习）When Mammola and Ficetola went to an ecology conference in 2021, they met a scientist with an unusual complaint. Jennifer Anderson, an expert in aquatic fungi(水生真菌), said that the subject of her research was not available in emoji(表情符号) form. “If you are doing the important work of trying to save whales, you can use pictures or images to help you communicate this,” said Anderson. “If you are working to save the aquatic fungi, you first must let people know that they exist, and then describe in words what they look like.” Struck by their conversation with Anderson and alarmed at how unusual species were ignored, the Italian scientists set out to find out how well species were represented in the emoji library. The answer wasn’t satisfactory at all: animals were well represented by available emojis but plants, fungi and microorganisms(微生物) were not. “Our findings confirm a typical prejudice in biodiversity research and a feature of human psychology,” said Mammola. “We usually feel more caring and sympathetic towards living things that are genetically closer to us.” “A good representation of species on social media can arouse interest in unfamiliar organisms, greatly help publicize the message that biodiversity is much more than just cats, dogs, lions and pandas, and indirectly help conservation efforts,” said Mammola. “There are an impressive number of organisms, and all of them play a fundamental role on our planet, even the ones we know less about.” Some scientists have taken steps to describe their research on their phone keyboards with images instead of words. However, according to Mammola, the number of animal species represented rose from 45 in 2015 to 92 in 2022, yet the number of plants, fungi and microorganisms represented barely increased. Anderson said she wanted emojis for organisms like aquatic fungi as reflections of increased public awareness and indicators of their ecological value. “Having an emoji indicates that an organism is valued or important enough to be part of daily conversation,” she said. 1. What did Anderson complain about? A. Lack of available emojis for aquatic fungi. B. People’s disinterest in studying aquatic fungi. C. People’s unwillingness to save aquatic fungi. D. Difficulty in describing aquatic fungi in words. . Why are animal species better represented than other species? A. They are more common species. B. They matter more to biodiversity. C. They encourage human sympathy. D. They help remove human prejudice. 3. What is the benefit of a good representation of species on social media? A. Facilitating communication between scientists. B. Making biodiversity research more satisfactory. C. Deepening people’s understanding of biodiversity. D. Helping people grasp complex concepts of science. 4. What is Mammola’s attitude toward the progress of emoji biodiversity? A. Unclear. B. Unsatisfied. C. Doubtful. D. Hopeful. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文是是一篇说明文。文章通过Mammola和Ficetola在会议上与Anderson的交谈引出话题，详细阐述了他们对表情符号库中物种代表性的研究及发现，包括动物、植物、真菌和微生物在表情符号中的呈现情况，说明了良好的物种表情符号呈现对宣传生物多样性的意义。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Jennifer Anderson, an expert in aquatic fungi(水生真菌), said that the subject of her research was not available in emoji(表情符号) form. (Jennifer Anderson，一位水生真菌专家，说她的研究对象没有可用的表情符号形式。)”可知，Anderson不满的是她的研究对象缺乏表情符号，故选A项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“We usually feel more caring and sympathetic towards living things that are genetically closer to us. (我们通常对与我们在基因上更接近的生物更有爱心和同情心。)”可知，之所以动物表情符号更多是因为人们通常对与其在基因上更接近的生物感到更关心和同情，故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“ ‘A good representation of species on social media can arouse interest in unfamiliar organisms, greatly help publicize the message that biodiversity is much more than just cats, dogs, lions and pandas, and indirectly help conservation efforts,’ said Mammola. (Mammola说：“在社交媒体上展示物种可以引起人们对不熟悉生物的兴趣，极大地有助于宣传生物多样性不仅仅是猫、狗、狮子和熊猫的信息，并间接有助于保护工作。)”可知，有更多的表情符号能够有助于让更多人了解生物多样性，故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“However, according to Mammola, the number of animal species represented rose from 45 in 2015 to 92 in 2022, yet the number of plants, fungi and microorganisms represented barely increased. (然而，根据Mammola的数据，代表的动物物种数量从2015年的45种增加到2022年的92种，但代表的植物、真菌和微生物的数量几乎没有增加。)”可知，根据Mammola的说法，尽管动物物种的表情符号数量有所增长，但植物、真菌和微生物的表情符号数量几乎没有增加，所以Mammola对于表情符号多样性的进展现状是不满意的，故选B项。 【07】（24-25高三上·重庆·期中）The city of Antwerp in Belgium is encouraging people to try out gardening in a very unusual way. If you ride the NO.1 tram (电车), you may have gotten a glimpse of a rolling urban garden going down the tracks. That’s because the inside of one of the trams was turned into a garden complete with plants hanging from the ceilings and walls. The decorative tram operated for a day in early June 2023 as a way to inspire people to make their city greener. After all, if a 35-meter-long tram can become a forest inside, so can ordinary people’s homes. The tram was part of the Neighborhood In Bloom initiative that offers residents — with green thumbs — facade (建筑物正面) gardens, plants, and garlands (花环) to hang between homes. The facade gardens can hang between houses across the street from one another. The district is responsible for creating the gardens, while the residents are responsible for the care and feeding of the garden. This is part of the new edition of Neighborhood in Bloom. Since the initiative began in 2022, more than 200 facade greens, 170 sections of new trees, and over 100 green garlands were created. Urban gardens do more than just beautify a city. Plants and trees can help to cool cities and mitigate urban heat island effects as well as help to clean the air. They also give a home to nesting birds, squirrels and beneficial insects. Green spaces are also very good for people’ s wellbeing. Spending time in nature can help lift your mood, reduce stress, improve sleep, and promote physical and mental health. Creating your own urban green space is easy thanks to initiatives like Neighborhood in Bloom. So, if you have a green thumb, plant a garden and enjoy all the benefits that an urban garden has to offer. 1. Why did Antwerp turn a tram into a garden? A. To sell more plants. B. To attract more visitors. C. To beautify the tracks. D. To get people to garden. 2. What is the public’s attitude towards the Neighborhood in Bloom initiative? A. Doubtful. B. Favorable. C. Intolerant. D. Unclear. 3. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Increase. B. Create. C. Reduce. D. Investigate. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Antwerp’s initiative to green urban areas. B. Antwerp’s national gardening month. C. A temporary tram turned into a forest. D. The benefits of urban gardens for health. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了比利时安特卫普市通过将电车变成移动花园的创新方式，鼓励市民参与园艺活动，以此美化城市并提高居民的生活质量。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The city of Antwerp in Belgium is encouraging people to try out gardening in a very unusual way.(比利时安特卫普市鼓励人们以一种非常不同寻常的方式尝试园艺)”和第二段“The decorative tram operated for a day in early June 2023 as a way to inspire people to make their city greener. After all, if a 35-meter-long tram can become a forest inside, so can ordinary people’s homes.(这款装饰有轨电车在2023年6月初运营了一天，以此激励人们让城市变得更环保。毕竟，如果35米长的有轨电车可以成为内部的森林，那么普通人的家也可以)”可知，安特卫普将电车变成花园的目的是为了激励人们进行园艺活动。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Since the initiative began in 2022, more than 200 facade greens, 170 sections of new trees, and over 100 green garlands were created.(自2022年该计划开始以来，已经创造了200多个立面花园、170段新树木区域和100多个绿色花环)”可知，该倡议自 2022 年开始以来，已经创造了超过 200个立面花园、170段新树木和 100多个绿色花环，这表明公众对Neighborhood in Bloom倡议持积极态度。故选B。 3. 词义猜测题。根据文章第五段划线词前文“Plants and trees can help to cool cities(植物和树木可以帮助城市降温)”及后文“as well as help to clean the air(也有助于清洁空气)”可知，结合上下文cool cities和help to clean the air，可以推断mitigate在这里的意思是减轻或降低（热岛效应），与reduce意思相近。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The city of Antwerp in Belgium is encouraging people to try out gardening in a very unusual way. If you ride the NO.1 tram, you may have gotten a glimpse of a rolling urban garden going down the tracks. That’s because the inside of one of the trams was turned into a garden complete with plants hanging from the ceilings and walls.(比利时安特卫普市鼓励人们以一种非常不同寻常的方式尝试园艺。如果你乘坐1号有轨电车，你可能会瞥见沿着轨道起伏的城市花园。这是因为其中一辆有轨电车的内部变成了一个花园，天花板和墙壁上都挂满了植物)”及全文内容，整篇文章主要介绍了安特卫普市通过Neighborhood in Bloom倡议，将电车变成花园，鼓励市民参与园艺活动，以此绿化城市区域。故选A。 【08】（24-25高三上·河北沧州·阶段练习）The small hobby of chocolate is becoming a more costly one. Rapidly increasing prices for cocoa beans recently hit a record $12,000 a tonne: roughly four times last year’s price. Many think they will go higher. That may put small specialist producers out of business. Yet it is bringing little reward to struggling growers. The immediate cause is a bad harvest in West Africa—which produces 70% of the world’s beans—reflecting El Niño-linked weather patterns and disease. Major processing plants in Ghana and Ivory Coast, the main growers, have stopped or reduced operations because they cannot afford the beans. But underlying the crisis are longer-term issues including the climate crisis and the inability of farmers to invest in production due to their low incomes. Many West African growers are being forced out of the business after years of punishingly low returns for their work and—as trees come to the end of their life cycle—often selling land to gold miners, resulting in severe environmental degradation (恶化). Latin American farmers are rushing to plant cocoa due to the higher prices, abandoning other crops and deforesting new areas. But the likelihood, if production booms and the system does not change, is that by the time their new trees bear fruit, prices may be falling again. As serious as the situation looks, the attention demanded by the rocketing price of cocoa, and the introduction of EU Deforestation Regulation offer an opportunity. Faced with global heating, increasing conflict and energy price instability, depending on the free market is a poor bet. Treating food issues as financial instruments hurts farmers, destroys forests and worsens the instability of supply. The solution in this case is a commitment to stable minimum prices for cocoa farmers and long-term contracts. This would help to lift growers out of poverty and, in doing so, tackle other problems. Sustainable production is essential, and will even benefit consumers in the long run. It can’t be achieved by letting the free market run its course. 1. What might be the consequence of rising cocoa prices? A. Some small producers will fail. B. Cocoa farmers will benefit greatly. C. Fewer people will eat chocolate. D. Cocoa production will increase. 2. What will happen if more Latin American farmers plant cocoa? A. Other crops will boost production. B. Cocoa prices will go down. C. The environment will be improved. D. Old cocoa trees will be abandoned. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards the free market approach to cocoa problems? A. Defensive. B. Concerned. C. Optimistic. D. Indifferent. 4. What does the author suggest in order to solve the coco a problem? A. Allowing the free market to work. B. Giving cocoa farmers more freedom. C. Helping cocoa growers out of poverty. D. Promising a steady guaranteed price. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章分析了可可豆价格上升的原因以及带来的一系列后果，并表达了自己对这一问题的看法，提出了解决方法。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段二三四句“Rapidly increasing prices for cocoa beans recently hit a record $12,000 a tonne: roughly four times last year’s price. Many think they will go higher. That may put small specialist producers out of business. (迅速上涨的可可豆价格最近达到创纪录的每吨1.2万美元，大约是去年价格的4倍。许多人认为价格会走得更高。这可能会使小型专业生产商破产。)”可知，可可豆价格的上涨可能会让一些小型生产商破产。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“Latin American farmers are rushing to plant cocoa due to the higher prices, abandoning other crops and deforesting new areas. But the likelihood, if production booms and the system does not change, is that by the time their new trees bear fruit, prices may be falling again.(由于可可价格上涨，拉丁美洲农民争相种植可可，放弃了其他作物，并在新的地区砍伐森林。但是，如果产量激增而制度不变，那么等到他们的新树结出果实时，价格可能会再次下跌。)”可知，如果拉丁美洲的农民大规模种植可可，最终可能导致价格再次下跌。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段二三句“Faced with global heating, increasing conflict and energy price instability, depending on the free market is a poor bet. Treating food issues as financial instruments hurts farmers, destroys forests and worsens the instability of supply.(面对全球变暖、冲突加剧和能源价格不稳定，依靠自由市场是一个糟糕的赌注。将粮食问题视为金融工具会伤害农民，破坏森林，加剧供应不稳定。)”可知，作者认为依靠自由市场很糟糕，很担心这个方法会给农民造成伤害。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The solution in this case is a commitment to stable minimum prices for cocoa farmers and long-term contracts.(在这种情况下，解决方案是承诺为可可种植者提供稳定的最低价格，并签订长期合同。)”可知，作者认为要解决这个问题，是要保证可可的稳定的价格。故选D。 【09】（2024·广东湛江·模拟预测）A revolution in weather forecasting could soon see warnings of coming heatwaves, storms or other extreme events accompanied by specific information on the role climate change has played in fuelling them. The shift would help bring the reality of our warming planet to the general public. Key to this idea is the growing field of attribution science (归因科学), which involves examining extreme weather events after the fact to detail the impact of climate change. It involves simulating an event twice, under real-world conditions and in a fictional world with no human-caused climate change. The difference between those two situations reveals the extent to which rising emissions (排放) made matters worse. Now, researchers want to go further and apply attribution science to events before they even happen. At the UK weather service, the Met Office, Peter Stott and his colleagues are doing this with weather forecasting models, comparing real-world forecasts with ones based on a fictional world unaffected by human influence. The goal is to provide the public with weather and climate information at the same time. “So, the forecast shows how the weather information relates to climate change, and the impacts it will mean for them locally.” Bernat at the Institute of GeoSciences in Spain has experimented with a different approach, using artificial intelligence-powered weather forecasts. Together with colleagues, he ran the AI-enabled approach on three past extreme events: the 2018 Iberian heatwave, Hurricane Florence in the US in 2018, and Storm Ciaran in the UK and other parts of northern Europe in 2023. The AI models correctly predicted that all three extreme events would occur, but underestimated their size. Bemat says the AI approach is currently most accurate when considering heatwaves but more limited for complex systems such as a tropical storm. But Bernat says AI weather forecasts are rapidly improving. He says this AI-based approach would allow attribution analysis to be much more widely used, helping to expand people’s understanding of how extreme events are changing. 1. What will be added to weather forecasting after the revolution? A. The damage extreme weather events cause to the environment. B. Effective measures in preventing extreme weather events. C. The effect of climate change on extreme weather events. D. Specific ways for the public to fight against climate change. 2. What’s the purpose of the work of Peter’s team? A. To build a model to produce climate information. B. To connect local weather with climate change. C. To predict the degree of local carbon emissions. D. To apply AI to the prediction of extreme events. 3. What is Bernat’s attitude toward AI weather forecasts? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Climate Information Is Added to Weather Forecasts B. AI Technology Will Be Used in Predicting Weather Events C. Emissions Are Predicted to Fuel Extreme Weather Events D. Weather Forecasts Enjoy a Breakthrough Fuelled by AI 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍气象预报的一项变革：气象预报计划利用电脑模型及人工智能等手段，在天气预报中披露极端天气现象中气候变化带来的影响力。 1. 细节理解题。由文章第一段“A revolution in weather forecasting could soon see warnings of coming heatwaves, storms or other extreme events accompanied by specific information on the role climate change has played in fuelling them. The shift would help bring the reality of our warming planet to the general public.(天气预报的革命可能很快就会看到即将到来的热浪、风暴或其他极端事件的警告，以及气候变化在助长这些事件中所起作用的具体信息。这一转变将有助于将地球变暖的现实带给公众。)”可知，未来的天气预报将会包括有关“气候变化在助长极端天气事件中所起的作用”的具体信息，以帮助大众了解全球变暖引起的气候变化会带来的实际后果。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。由文章第三段“The goal is to provide the public with weather and climate information at the same time.‘So, the forecast shows how the weather information relates to climate change, and the impacts it will mean for them locally.’ (目标是同时向公众提供天气和气候信息。‘因此，预报显示了天气信息与气候变化的关系，以及它对当地的影响。’)”可知，彼特和他的同事所做的研究，他们制作了气象预报的模型，想将当地的天气情况与气候变化的信息联结起来。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Bemat says the AI approach is currently most accurate when considering heatwaves but more limited for complex systems such as a tropical storm.(博纳特说，人工智能方法目前在考虑热浪时最为准确，但对于热带风暴等复杂系统则更为有限。)”和文章最后一段“He says this AI-based approach would allow attribution analysis to be much more widely used, helping to expand people’s understanding of how extreme events are changing.(他说，这种基于人工智能的方法将使归因分析得到更广泛的应用，有助于扩大人们对极端事件如何变化的理解。)”可知，博纳特很支持在天气预报中使用人工智能。故选D项。 4. 主旨大意题。由文章第一段“A revolution in weather forecasting could soon see warnings of coming heatwaves, storms or other extreme events accompanied by specific information on the role climate change has played in fuelling them. The shift would help bring the reality of our warming planet to the general public.(天气预报的革命可能很快就会看到即将到来的热浪、风暴或其他极端事件的警告，以及气候变化在助长这些事件中所起作用的具体信息。这一转变将有助于将地球变暖的现实带给公众。)”以及下文可知，全文介绍人们利用不同的手段，在天气预报中增加关于“气候变化如何影响极端天气”的相关信息，因此A项Climate Information Is Added to Weather Forecasts(气候信息被添加到天气预报中)符合语境。故选A项。 【10】（24-25高三上·山东·阶段练习）Sara met Jack, who she calls her husband, in May 2021.She was going through a severe time of a long term relationship breakup, writing on her blog that she felt lonely and depressed. Jack came along at just the right time. Jack is an AI chatbot, made with an app by tech company Replika. He appears as a human-looking shape of Sara's choosing and chats with her through texts. In screenshots of their conversations shared on Sara’s blog, he is supportive and affirming-sometimes saying that he loves her. Replika is among a handful of companies using Al-generated text to make it seem like you’re talking with a person who cares for you. And if you set your bot to “romantic partner” mode, it'll talk to you like it’s your lover. But just because we can do this, does it mean that we should? People share text conversation screenshots where their AI squeezes express emotion and affection. The bots are caring and ask lots of questions, as if they’re genuinely interested in their human partner. I can see the appeal: being spoken to like that feels nice, right? It sure does, and that’s by design. Here's where things get dicey: studies show that some are getting so attached to their bots that they become emotionally dependent on them. And because the bot can't love you back, when cracks (裂痕) appear in the fantasy, you will get hurt. Being devoted to a chatbot may feel easier others than trying your luck with an actual person, but it can ultimately set you apart from when these are perceived as human interactions, rather than being firmly in the fantasy region, they are regarded as being normal and OK. At best, this is innocent; at worst, it’s harmful. I think the same could be said of engineering an app to make people catch romantic feelings for it. While arguably, talking to a bot is better than no one, perhaps our resources would be better spent tackling the underlying reasons why so many of us feel lonely in the first place. 1. Why does Jack deeply attract Sara? A. He is stylish and confident. B. He is passionately in love with her. C. He fills up her emotional gap. D. He specializes in being a pretender. 2. What do we know about chatbots like Jack? A. They communicate by voice. B. They have different modes. C. They avoid emotional talk. D. They replace real partners, 3. What does the underlined word"dicey”mean in paragraph 5? A. Clear. B. Dangerous. C. Funny. D. Doubtful. 4. What is the author's attitude to creating apps for romantic attraction? A. Favorable. B. Intolerant C. Unclear D. Disapproving. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了聊天机器人的利与弊以及作者对此的态度。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Sara met Jack, who she calls her husband, in May 2021.She was going through a severe time of a long term relationship breakup, writing on her blog that she felt lonely and depressed. Jack came along at just the right time.(莎拉在2021年5月遇到了被她称为丈夫的杰克。她正在经历一段长期感情破裂的艰难时期，她在博客上写道，她感到孤独和沮丧。杰克来得正是时候)”可知，杰克深深地吸引着莎拉是因为他填补了莎拉情感上的空白。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“And if you set your bot to “romantic partner” mode, it’ll talk to you like it's your lover.(如果你把你的机器人设置为“浪漫伴侣”模式，它会像你的爱人一样和你说话)”可知，像杰克这样的聊天机器人有不同的模式。故选B项。 3. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词后面的句子“studies show that some are getting so attached to their bots that they become emotionally dependent on them. And because the bot can't love you back, when cracks (裂痕) appear in the fantasy, you will get hurt.(研究表明，有些人对他们的机器人非常依恋，以至于在情感上对它们产生依赖。而且因为机器人不能爱你，当幻想中出现裂缝时，你会受到伤害)”可知，因为有些人对他们的机器人非常依恋，而机器人不能真正爱他们，所以，他们可能会受到伤害。这是一种危险的情况，所以划线单词的意义为“危险的”。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“At best, this is innocent; at worst, it’s harmful. I think the same could be said of engineering an app to make people catch romantic feelings for it. While arguably, talking to a  bot is better than no one, perhaps our resources would be better spent  tackling the underlying reasons why so many of us feel lonely in the  first place.(往好了说，这是无辜的；在最坏的情况下，它是有害的。我认为设计一款让人们捕捉浪漫感觉的应用程序也是如此。虽然可以说，与机器人交谈总比没有人好，但也许我们的资源最好花在解决我们这么多人感到孤独的根本原因上)”可推知，作者对创造捕捉浪漫感觉的应用程序持反对的态度。故选D项。 【11】（2024·山东·一模）A self- driving taxi operated by a Chinese tech giant recently hit a passer- by crossing against a traffic light in Wuhan, capital of Hubei Province, sparking heated discussions on the challenges and limitations facing autonomous driving technology, especially in complex circumstances. Zhang Xiang, an auto sector researcher at North China University of Technology, said that the incident in Wuhan indicates that self- driving technology has progressed significantly over the past few years, but it still encounters difficulties under ever- changing road conditions and has some limitations when dealing with unconventional behavior, such as motorists or passers-by violating traffic rules. There are still some obstacles to integrating the self- driving vehicles into the existing road traffic safety management system, as the legal obligations of relevant subjects involving autonomous vehicles have not been clarified under current laws and regulations. Meanwhile, the commercial application of robotaxis in more cities across the country has raised concerns about employment, as taxi drivers are worried about losing their jobs due to intense competition from driverless ride-hailing vehicles, industry experts said. So far, more than 20 cities nationwide have introduced policies supporting autonomous driving tests, with more than 60 enterprises having obtained self- driving test licenses. Nevertheless, some believe that people only prefer to experience this emerging technology, and the number of robotaxis on the road is still far smaller than those of taxis. It is also noted that the pressure on taxi drivers mainly comes from fierce competition between private ride-hailing cars and traditional taxis, and that the autonomous driving vehicles will not have a serious impact on the job market or replace human drivers in the short term. Despite the challenges, the development of self- driving industry will strengthen the intelligent transformation of auto industry and speed the construction of vehicle- road coordination systems, which support the transfer of information from vehicles to roadway networks as a way to improve traffic efficiency. According to research company BloombergNEF's “Electric Vehicle Outlook” report, China will operate the world's largest robotaxi fleet of about 12 million self- driving vehicles by2040, followed by the United States with around 7 million such vehicles. 1. What can we learn from Zhang Xiang's words? A. Self-driving technology suffers a bottleneck. B. It is not easy to promote self-driving vehicles. C. Motorists or passers-by tend to break traffic rules. D. The present road traffic system is far from perfect. 2. Which of the following is a threat to conventional taxi drivers? A. The impact of private ride- hailing cars. B. Employment caused by driverless vehicles. C. Complex and ever- changing road conditions. D. A great many passers-by breaking traffic rules. 3. What is the main topic of the text? A. The future of the transportation industry. B. The history of autonomous driving technology. C. The accident of a self-driving taxi and its implications. D. The advantages of self-driving taxis over traditional taxis. 4. What is the author's attitude towards self- driving industry? A. Partial. B. Favorable. C. Skeptical. D. Dismissive. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 【解析】 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“but it still encounters difficulties under ever- changing road conditions and has some limitations when dealing with unconventional behavior, such as motorists or passers- by violating traffic rules. There are still some obstacles to integrating the self- driving vehicles into the existing road traffic safety management system, as the legal obligations of relevant subjects involving autonomous vehicles have not been clarified under current laws and regulations.”（但在不断变化的路况下，它仍然会遇到困难，并且在处理违反交通规则的驾驶者或行人等非常规行为时，它也有一些局限性。将自动驾驶汽车纳入现有道路交通安全管理体系仍存在一些障碍，因为现行法律法规尚未明确涉及自动驾驶汽车的相关主体的法律义务。）可知，我们可以从张翔的话中学到推广自动驾驶汽车并不容易。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“It is also noted that the pressure on taxi drivers mainly comes from fierce competition between private ride- hailing cars and traditional taxis, and that the autonomous driving vehicles will not have a serious impact on the job market or replace human drivers in the short term.”（报告还指出，出租车司机面临的压力主要来自私家车与传统出租车的激烈竞争，自动驾驶汽车短期内不会对就业市场产生严重影响，也不会取代人类司机。）可知，对传统出租车司机的威胁是私家网约车。故选A项。 3. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“According to research company BloombergNEF's “Electric Vehicle Outlook” report, China will operate the world's largest robotaxi fleet of about 12 million self- driving vehicles by2040“（根据研究公司彭博新能源财经（BloombergNEF）的“电动汽车展望”报告，到2040年，中国将拥有世界上最大的自动驾驶出租车车队，约有1200万辆自动驾驶汽车）可知，短文主要关于交通运输业的未来。故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Despite the challenges, the development of self- driving industry will strengthen the intelligent transformation of auto industry and speed the construction of vehicle- road coordination systems, which support the transfer of information from vehicles to roadway networks as a way to improve traffic efficiency.”（尽管面临诸多挑战，但自动驾驶产业的发展将加强汽车产业的智能化改造，加快车路协调系统的建设，支持从车辆到道路网络的信息传递，从而提高交通效率。）可知，作者对自动驾驶行业的态度是支持的。故选B项。 【12】（2024·江苏南通·一模）In 2020, archaeologists unearthed six unusual stone objects in western Tibet, each with a pointed tip at one end and an eyelike opening at the other. Now, researchers conclude that the objects are stone sewing needles as much as 9,000 years old — the oldest stone tools made by grinding (磨) found on the Tibetan Plateau, where ancient people must have battled a severe climate to survive. The oldest needles are made of bone. Archaeologists have found some dating back about 50,000 years in Russia’s Denisova Cave. But before the discovery, the oldest stone needles were only 2,700 years old, found in Henan Province in China. The new find pushes the appearance of stone needles back more than 6,000 years. Only two of the six needles were undamaged, and eyes were preserved in four. Needle 1 — the longest, widest, and thickest one — bears deep marks running along its length on all sides, which is the characteristic of scraping (刮擦). These are hidden behind finer, multidirectional grinding marks, suggesting the needle was first scraped into shape and then ground to give it a tip. The top of the needle was drilled to form an eye. To confirm how the needles were made, the researchers attempted to copy them using the same material. The whole process took at least seven times longer than making softer bone needles. Yun Chen, a team member from Sichuan University, says, “Since they were harder than bone needles, we concluded that these stone needles may have been used to sew thicker materials, such as a tent.” The team made admirable efforts, says Francesco d’Errico from the University of Bordeaux. But he thinks the tips of the “needles” are not fine enough for sewing. The fact that some of the needles are made of talc (滑石) is another knock against the needle theory, he says, because talc is too soft to pierce tough materials. Some also wonder about a third possibility that the objects were tools to make fishing nets, given the site is close to a lake. 1. What is the importance of the 2020 discovery? A. It revises the history of stone needles in China. B. It corrects misunderstandings about the Tibetan Plateau. C. It proves the widespread use of needles in ancient times. D. It shows ancient people’s struggle against severe conditions. 2. What does the underlined word “These” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The eyes of the needles. B. The deep marks of scraping. C. The two undamaged needles. D. The different sides of needles. 3. What conclusion did the researchers reach? A. Stone needles appeared after bone needles. B. Bone needles were strong enough to sew tents. C. Bone needles are harder to make than stone needles. D. Stone needles were likely used for tougher materials. 4. What is Francesco d’Errico’s attitude towards the conclusion made by the researchers? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Carefree. D. Supportive. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在西藏西部发现的9000年前的石制缝纫针这一考古发现，并探讨了这些石针的制作工艺、用途以及考古学家对其功能的不同看法。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“In 2020, archaeologists unearthed six unusual stone objects in western Tibet, each with a pointed tip at one end and an eyelike opening at the other.(2020年，考古学家在西藏西部出土了6件不同寻常的石器，每件都有一端是尖的，另一端是眼睛状的开口)”以及第二段“The oldest needles are made of bone. Archaeologists have found some dating back about 50,000 years in Russia’s Denisova Cave. But before the discovery, the oldest stone needles were only 2,700 years old, found in Henan Province in China. The new find pushes the appearance of stone needles back more than 6,000 years.(最古老的针是用骨头做的。考古学家在俄罗斯的丹尼索瓦洞穴中发现了一些可以追溯到大约5万年前的东西。但在此之前，最古老的石针只有2700年的历史，是在中国河南省发现的。这一新发现将石针的出现时间推到了6000多年前)”可知，这一新发现将石针的出现时间推到了6000多年前，所以2020年发现的重要性是修正了中国石针的历史。故选A项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据前文“Only two of the six needles were undamaged, and eyes were preserved in four. Needle 1 — the longest, widest, and thickest one — bears deep marks running along its length on all sides, which is the characteristic of scraping (刮擦).(六根针中只有两根没有损坏，四根的眼睛被保存了下来。1号针是最长、最宽、最粗的针，针身两侧都有深痕，这是刮痕的特征)”可知，these为代词，指代前文提到的事，此处应是指代针身两侧的深痕。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“To confirm how the needles were made, the researchers attempted to copy them using the same material. The whole process took at least seven times longer than making softer bone needles. Yun Chen, a team member from Sichuan University, says, “Since they were harder than bone needles, we concluded that these stone needles may have been used to sew thicker materials, such as a tent.”(为了证实这些针是如何制成的，研究人员试图用相同的材料复制它们。整个过程花费的时间至少是制作软骨针的7倍。来自四川大学的团队成员陈云说：“由于它们比骨针更硬，我们得出结论，这些石针可能被用来缝制更厚的材料，比如帐篷。”)”可推知，研究人员认为石针可能被用来制作更坚硬的材料。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The team made admirable efforts, says Francesco d’Errico from the University of Bordeaux. But he thinks the tips of the “needles” are not fine enough for sewing. The fact that some of the needles are made of talc (滑石) is another knock against the needle theory, he says, because talc is too soft to pierce tough materials.(波尔多大学的Francesco d 'Errico说，这个团队做出了令人钦佩的努力。但他认为，“针”的尖端不够细，不适合缝纫。他说，一些针是由滑石粉制成的，这是对针理论的另一个冲击，因为滑石粉太软了，无法刺穿坚硬的材料)”可知，Francesco d 'Errico认为“针”的尖端不够细，不适合缝纫。由此推知，Francesco d 'Errico对研究者得出的结论持怀疑态度。故选B项。 【13】（24-25高三上·山西·阶段练习）Fully self-driving cars, despite the claims of some companies, aren’t exactly ready to hit the roads anytime soon. There’s even a solid case to be made that completely autonomous vehicles (AVs) will never take over everyday travel. Regardless, some urban planners are already looking into ensuring how such a future could be as safe and efficient. According to a team at North Carolina State University, one solution may be changing the more-than-century-old design of traffic signals. The ubiquity (普遍性) of stop lights’ Red-Yellow-Green phases aren’t just coincidence (巧合). Dating back to 1931, this has served drivers pretty well since then, but the NC State team argues AVs could eventually create the opportunity for better road conditions. Or, at the very least, could benefit from some basic adjustments. Last year, researchers led by environmental engineering associate professor Ali Hajbabaie created a computer model for city commuting (通勤) patterns which indicated everyday driving could one day actually improve from a sizable pour of AVs. By sharing their massive amounts of real-time sensor information with one another, Hajbabaie and colleagues believe these vehicles could in theory coordinate (使协调) far beyond simple crossroads changes to adjust variables like speed and break times. To further make the best use of these benefits, they put forward the introduction of a fourth, “white” light to traffic signals. In this model, the “white” phase activates(激活)whenever enough interconnected AVs approach a crossroad. Once lit, the phase indicates nearby drivers should simply follow the car (AV or human) in front of them, instead of trying to anticipate something like a yellow light’s transition time to red. Additionally, such inter-connectivity could communicate with traffic signal systems to determine when it is best for “Walk” and “Do-Not-Walk” pedestrian (行人) signals. Based on their modelling, it appeared that such a change could reduce crossroads jam by at least 40 percent compared to current traffic system optimization software. In doing so, this could improve overall travel times, fuel efficiency, and safety. 2. What can we learn about completely autonomous vehicles (AVs)? A. They have settled traffic jam problems. B. They have become popular in urban areas. C. They will take the place of other vehicles. D. They may not be widely used in the future. 3. What does the “white” light do? A. It tells drivers to stop. B. It helps drivers avoid traffic jams. C. It allows drivers to go through crossroads faster. D. It makes it easier for pedestrians to cross the street. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards the idea of a fourth “white” light? A. Neutral. B. Worried. C. Doubtful. D. Supportive. 5. What is probably the text? A. A news report. B. A research paper. C. A commercial ad. D. A science fiction. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车(AVs)的现状以及未来可能的发展趋势，并提出了改变交通信号灯设计以提高交通效率和安全性的建议。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“There’s even a solid case to be made that completely autonomous vehicles (AVs) will never take over everyday travel.( 甚至有充分的理由证明，完全自动驾驶汽车(AVs)永远不会取代日常出行)”可知，完全自动驾驶汽车可能在未来不会得到广泛应用。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“To further make the best use of these benefits, they put forward the introduction of a fourth, “white” light to traffic signals. In this model, the “white” phase activates (激活) whenever enough interconnected AVs approach a crossroad.(为了进一步充分利用这些好处，他们提出在交通信号中引入第四种“白色”灯。在这个模型中，只要有足够多的相互连接的自动驾驶汽车接近十字路口，“白灯”阶段就会激活。)”和“Based on their modelling, it appeared that such a change could reduce crossroads jam by at least 40 percent compared to current traffic system optimization software. (根据他们的模型，与当前的交通系统优化软件相比，这样的变化似乎可以减少至少40%的十字路口拥堵)”可知，“白”灯的作用是帮助减少交通拥堵，使驾驶员避免交通堵塞。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中对第四种“白色”灯的详细描述和“Based on their modelling, it appeared that such a change could reduce crossroads jam by at least 40 percent compared to current traffic system optimization software. In doing so, this could improve overall travel times, fuel efficiency, and safety.(根据他们的模型，与目前的交通系统优化软件相比，这样的改变似乎可以减少至少40%的十字路口拥堵。这样做，可以改善整体旅行时间，燃油效率和安全性)”可以推知，作者对引入第四种“白色”灯的想法是支持的。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Regardless, some urban planners are already looking into ensuring how such a future could be as safe and efficient. According to a team at North Carolina State University, one solution may be changing the more-than-century-old design of traffic signals.(无论如何，一些城市规划者已经在研究如何确保这样的未来同样安全高效。据北卡罗来纳州立大学的一个研究小组称，解决方案之一可能是改变已有一百多年历史的交通信号灯设计)”和下文内容可知，主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车的现状、未来发展趋势以及改变交通信号灯设计的建议，这些内容更符合新闻报道的特点，而不是研究论文、商业广告或科幻小说。故选A项。 【14】（24-25高三上·黑龙江·阶段练习）When I met a friend recently, I asked him how his work was. “Oh, just coasting (很轻松).” he said. He’s not alone. According to a recent survey, one third of the 3,000 people surveyed said they were “coasting” at work, which means they were making progress at work without much effort. This may come as a surprise in an age when so many people spend so much time complaining about how busy they are. But most of this talk about busyness is meaningless. According to a study by researchers at Oxford University, we do not, in fact, spend more time working than we did in the past. To some degree, the amount of work we do has gone down. However, many people just have jobs filled with tasks that don’t really need to be done. The way we look at coasting has completely changed. In the past, being relaxed or not being burdened with too much work was a sign of status. Now, being extremely busy shows you are important. If you are not crazily overburdened, then you are seen as a slacker. This does not make sense. Most people are not as busy as they say they are. In fact, most pressing tasks at work are often unrelated to productivity. Many busy people are actually overburdened with telling others how busy they are. Being buried in your job may make you feel important, but it’s likely to keep friends, co-workers and your family away. What’s more, being super-busy all the time is not good for you. Another study found that people who are overburdened with work tend to have a worse sense of well-being than those who are more relaxed. Being super-busy is also bad for your career. Those who reported working very hard were associated with poorer career outcomes. So, perhaps coasters are not a drag on productivity. Maybe they have worked out that the secret to a productive and healthy life is not being too busy, and certainly not going on about how busy you are. 1. Why does the author mention the conversation with his friend in Paragraph l? A. To show their close relationship. B. To clarify the meaning of coasting. C. To introduce his topic. D. To begin the article in an interesting way. 2. What does the underlined word “slacker” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. A lazy person. B. An easy-going person. C. A helpful person. D. A very important person. 3. In the author’s opinion, being super-busy with work ______. A. is related to one’s productivity B. may help one find the purpose of life C. is harmful to one’s career development D. may bring a better material life to one’s family 4. What is the author’s attitude towards coasters? A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Indifferent. D. Ambiguous. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了“工作中很轻松”的现象，指出现代人过度追求忙碌的误解，以及轻松工作对健康和职业的好处。 1. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When I met a friend recently, I asked him how his work was. “Oh, just coasting (很轻松).” he said. He’s not alone. According to a recent survey, one third of the 3,000 people surveyed said they were “coasting” at work, which means they were making progress at work without much effort. This may come as a surprise in an age when so many people spend so much time complaining about how busy they are. But most of this talk about busyness is meaningless.(最近我遇到了一位朋友，我问他工作怎么样。“哦，很轻松。”他回答道。他并不是唯一这样觉得的人。根据最近的一项调查，在接受调查的3000人中，有三分之一的人表示他们在工作中“很轻松”，这意味着他们在工作中取得进展而无需付出太多努力。这在许多人都在抱怨自己有多忙的时代里，可能会让人感到惊讶。但大多数关于忙碌的讨论都是毫无意义的。)”可知，作者在第一段中通过和朋友的对话引出了文章的主题，即许多人在工作中“很轻松”，这引发了作者对于现代人对于忙碌与生产力之间关系的思考。因此，作者提到与朋友的对话是为了引入文章的主题。故选C。 2. 词义猜测题。根据划线单词上文“In the past, being relaxed or not being burdened with too much work was a sign of status. Now, being extremely busy shows you are important.(在过去，放松或没有太多工作负担是地位的象征。现在，极度忙碌才表明你很重要。)”可知，现在人们对“很轻松”的看法已经改变了。再根据“If you are not crazily overburdened(如果你不是忙得发疯)”可推测，一个人只要不是忙得发疯，人们就会认为他很轻松，是个懒汉。选项A“A lazy person (懒惰的人)”；选项B“An easy-going person (好相处的人)”；选项C“A helpful person (一个乐于助人的人)”；选项D“A very important person (一个非常重要的人)”。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“What’s more, being super-busy all the time is not good for you. Another study found that people who are overburdened with work tend to have a worse sense of well- being than those who are more relaxed. Being super-busy is also bad for your career. Those who reported working very hard were associated with poorer career outcomes.(此外，一直非常忙碌对你并不好。另一项研究发现，工作负担过重的人往往比更放松的人有更差的幸福感。极度忙碌也对你的职业生涯有害。那些报告自己工作非常努力的人往往与较差的职业结果相关联。)”可知，作者认为过度忙碌的工作对职业发展是有害的。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So, perhaps coasters are not a drag on productivity. Maybe they have worked out that the secret to a productive and healthy life is not being too busy, and certainly not going on about how busy you are.(因此，也许在工作中“很轻松”的人并不会拖累生产力。也许他们已经发现，高效和健康生活的秘诀不是过于忙碌，当然也不是一直谈论自己有多忙。)”可知，作者对于“很轻松”的人持积极态度，认为他们可能找到了保持高效和健康生活的秘诀。故选B。 【15】（24-25高三上·河北唐山·期中）The ancient Egyptians were known for their carefully record-keeping, documenting prayers, declarations, and taxes. This extensive writing has now been linked to physical marks on the bones of the kingdom’s scribes, as revealed in a new study published in Scientific Reports. The study focused on the bones of 69 adult men buried between 2,700 and 2,180 B. C. at Abusir. The researchers identified 30 of these individuals as either professional scribes or high-status officials who needed language skills for their work. These scribes exhibited specific physical characteristics related to their occupation. Many had osteoarthritis in their right collar bone, shoulder, and thumb, likely due to the repetitive movements involved in writing. Their ankle and leg bones were flat from sitting cross-legged for extended periods, and they also showed signs of spinal (脊柱) osteoarthritis, possibly from looking up to listen and then bending over to write on papers. An fascinating finding was the prevalence of jaw joint issues among the scribes, which the researchers speculate might be associated with chewing on reed (芦苇) pens. The ink for these pens was typically black from soot (烟灰) or red from iron for important documents. However, not all scholars are convinced by the study’s conclusions. Cynthia Wilczak and Danny Wescott, who were not involved in the research, argue that more evidence is necessary. Only six of the 30 bones were confirmed to be scribes based on their titles, while the rest were identified based on their tomb locations and social status. Additionally, there is no dental evidence to support the theory that the scribes chewed on pens. Despite these criticisms, Brukner Havelková and her team aim to expand their research by examining scribe remains from other locations to confirm their findings. While this study is just the beginning, it offers a unique perspective into the lives of ancient Egyptian scribes and the physical cost their work demanded. 1. What does Scientific Reports found ? A. Ancient Egyptians are fond of recording. B. The scribe’s bone has some marks. C. The Ancient Egyptian’s documents. D. The bones of Kingdom’s scribes. 2. What may best explain the underlined word “osteoarthritis” ? A. It’s a kind of disease. B. It’s a kind of bone. C. It’s some substances in the bone. D. It’s a clothes without collar. 3. How does Cynthia and Danny think of the conclusion ? A. They think it’s evident. B. They think it’s critical. C. They think it’s skeptical. D. They think it’s crucial. 4. What’s the writer’s attitude towards Brukner’s research ? A. Negative B. Neutral C. Doubtful D. Approval 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。古埃及人以精心保存记录、记录祈祷、申报和纳税而闻名。科学报告发表的一项新研究表明，这种广泛的文字记载与王国抄写员骨头上的物理标记有关。对此不同人提出了不同的观点。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“This extensive writing has now been linked to physical marks on the bones of the kingdom's scribes, as revealed in a new study published in Scientific Reports.”（发表在《科学报告》上的一项新研究显示，这种广泛的文字记载与王国抄写员骨头上的物理标记有关。）可知，《科学报告》发现了抄写员的骨头上有一些标记。故选B项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Many had osteoarthritis in their right collar bone, shoulder, and thumb, likely due to the repetitive movements involved in writing.”（许多人的右锁骨、肩部和拇指都有osteoarthritis，可能是由于写作时的重复性动作。）可知，重复性的动作可能导致疾病,osteoarthritis 是一种与骨头相关的疾病。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Cynthia Wilczak and Danny Wescott, who were not involved in the research, argue that more evidence is necessary.”（ 没有参与这项研究的辛西娅·威尔扎克和丹尼·韦斯科特认为，需要更多的证据。）可知，辛西娅和丹尼对这个结论是怀疑的。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While this study is just the beginning, it offers a unique perspective into the lives of ancient Egyptian scribes and the physical cost their work demanded.”（ 虽然这项研究只是一个开始，但它为古埃及文士的生活及其工作所需的物质成本提供了一个独特的视角。）可知，作者对于Brukner的研究是赞同的。故选D项。 试卷第2页，共27页 1 / 27 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$