专题34 八省联考阅读微技能之说明文选标题（满分攻略+八省名校模拟）-2025年新八省新高考英语满分通关练

专题34 八省联考阅读微技能之说明文选标题 （满分攻略+真题演练+八省名校模拟）解析版 （山西、河南、陕西、内蒙古、四川、云南、宁夏、青海） 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分 说明文标题错误三大特征 1. 范围太宽泛：选项太过于宽泛，与文章内容相距甚远。 2. 范围太具体：选项死扣文章某一细节不适合用于标题。 3. 范围太偏颇：选项内容过于偏颇，明显偏离文章主旨。 说明文选标题三大方法 1.主题段法 标题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语即是文章的标题。 2. 主题句法 解题的关键要抓住每段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。 2. 关键词法 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即关键词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 说明文选标题三大策略 1.正面肯定法 在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。 2.反面否定法 撇开原文，拿各个备选项去尝试用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除荒谬者。 3.排除干扰法 研究干扰项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、新奇性、概括性等。文章的标题应该新颖奇特，易激发读者的好奇心，吸引读者注意力。 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分技巧和应试思维！ (2024全国甲卷第27题) Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音)that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 24. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats. C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age. 25. How does a pet cat assess different situations? A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects. C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats. 26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 27. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。 24.细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。 25.细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。 26.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。 27.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。 (2020浙江7月卷第30题) Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests. Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests. Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status. “This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy. ” It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ” Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help. 28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests? A. To assess their health status. B. To evaluate their work habits. C. To analyze their personality. D. To measure their mental ability. 29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? A. By using an expert’s words. B. By making a comparison. C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept. 30. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age 28-30 DBC 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。 28. D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.(来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休老人，并通过一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。)”可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的心智能力。故选 29. B。推理判断题。根据第四段中Francisca Then说的话“This works just like physical exercise,( 这就像体育锻炼一样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，Francisca Then是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较来解释他的发现的。 30. C。主旨大意题。第一段“Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age(需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。)”是本文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大脑保持敏捷”适合作本文标题。 (2020全国I卷第35题) The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps. In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源) —such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates. C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants. 33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer? A. To detect plants’ lack of water. B. To change compositions of plants. C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants. 34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? A. They will speed up energy production. B. They may transmit electricity to the home. C. They might help reduce energy consumption. D. They could take the place of power plants. 35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Can we grow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants? C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free? 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。 32. D。主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。 33. A。细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。 34. C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。 35. C。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ 【01】（24-25高三上·重庆·期中）Wrapping paper — that thing that makes our holiday gifts look so festive — has a landfill problem. If it’s shiny, metallic, or glitter-encrusted, it’s not recyclable. And even recycled paper isn’t guaranteed to actually get recycled. But there’s an alternative, eco-friendlier option that some are turning to this holiday season: the Japanese art of wrapping packages in cloth, known as furoshiki. Furoshiki refers to both the square cloth itself and the wrapping technique. The practice dates back hundreds of years, when people started using cloth bundles to carry items to and from public baths. Eventually, it evolved into a wrapping art form. People don’t just wrap presents with the cloth, but an endless number of small items like boxes, fruit, and books. When it was used to wrap gifts, Tsukada Simonian says traditionally, the furoshiki cloth would be returned to the gift giver to be used again and again. The tradition went out of fashion as paper and plastic substitutes took off in the post World War I period. It’s something “you would see at grandma’s house”, says Tomoko Dyen, who teaches furoshiki wrapping technique in Los Angeles. But recently, she says, it’s been regaining popularity. As more tourists have learned about it while visiting Japan, Dyen says it’s encouraged the next generation to “learn more about ourselves”. Furoshiki doesn’t necessarily require specific furoshiki cloth, says van der Steur. She stocks the museum store with imported Japanese furoshiki cloth including patterns with flowers, cats, and otters, but she says any piece of fabric, even old clothes, can work. Some of the learners showed up specifically hoping to learn furoshiki for holiday wrapping. But some say they walked away hoping to use it for much more. Kristan Delatori attended with the plan to wrap her holiday gifts this way — but now she says she’ ll bring furoshiki with her when she runs quick errands. “Being able to put a couple of these into my bag and always having something when I go to the grocery store or go shopping,” says Delatori. “I’m really excited.” 1. What can we learn about furoshiki from the first two paragraphs? A. It looks more festive than common wrapping paper. B. It was sent as a part of the gift to the receivers for use. C. It refers to the square cloth only used to wrap presents. D. It was first used to carry items when people took baths. 2. What makes the revival of furoshiki in recent years? A. The effort of the last generation. B. The attention from more visitors. C. The unique charm of furoshiki itself. D. The support of the local government. 3. Which word best describes Kristan Delatori’s attitude to furoshiki? A. Skeptical. B. Conservative. C. Favorable. D. Unclear. 4. What is the best title of the text? A. The Square Cloth: The Very Thing Bearing the Lost Memory B. Wrapping Paper: A Recyclable Material Regaining Popularity C. Furoshiki: An Eco-Friendier Choice for Holiday Wrapping D. Japan: An Asian Nation with Various Traditional Art Forms 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了更环保的布包装艺术。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Furoshiki refers to both the square cloth itself and the wrapping technique. The practice dates back hundreds of years, when people started using cloth bundles to carry items to and from public baths. (furoshiki指的是方形布料本身和包裹技术。这种做法可以追溯到几百年前，当时人们开始用布包携带物品进出公共浴室。)”可知，它最初是人们洗澡时用来携带物品的。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But recently, she says, it’s been regaining popularity. As more tourists have learned about it while visiting Japan, Dyen says it’s encouraged the next generation to “learn more about ourselves”. (但最近，她说，它又开始流行起来。随着越来越多的游客在访问日本时了解到它，Dyen说这鼓励了下一代“更多地了解我们自己”。)”可知，近年来，越来越多的游客的关注使得furoshiki得到复兴。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Being able to put a couple of these into my bag and always having something when I go to the grocery store or go shopping,” says Delatori. “I’m really excited.” (我可以在包里放几个这样的东西，当我去杂货店或去购物的时候，我总是有一些东西，德拉托里说。我真的很兴奋。)”可知，Kristan Delatori对furroshiki的态度是赞成的。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But there’s an alternative, eco-friendlier option that some are turning to this holiday season: the Japanese art of wrapping packages in cloth, known as furoshiki. (但在这个假期，有些人选择了另一种更环保的选择：日本的布包装艺术，被称为furoshiki。)”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了更环保的布包装艺术。故选C。 【02】（24-25高三上·福建宁德·期中）Adults who continuously played organized sports through their youth have fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression than those who never played or those who dropped out, a new study finds. “And those who dropped out of sports had poorer mental health than those who never played at all. But many more people drop out of youth sports than play continuously until they are 18.” said Chris Knoester, professor of sociology at The Ohio State University. “If you play and stick with sports, it’s a positive for your mental health, but if you play and drop out it seems to be negative — and most kids drop out,” Knoester said. The study showed that most people dropped out of sports because they weren’t having fun or felt they weren’t good enough. “That suggests ways youth sports can be improved to help kids,” said study lead author Laura Upenieks. “Our findings about why kids drop out of organized sports suggest that the current environment is less than ideal for everyone, and that the barriers to participation need to be given greater attention,” Upenieks said. “It is easy to see why sports can be good for those who are able to continue with it to adulthood,” Upenieks said. “The longer that youth are exposed to a positive and encouraging sporting environment, the more likely they are to develop habits that are conducive to longterm mental well-being, such as a commitment to regular exercise and collaborating with others as part of a team. The fact that so many kids quit shows that organized sports often don’t provide a positive environment. But there are steps adults can take to improve that environment. For one, sports should be safe for kids. The researchers said the fact that 8% said they were abused by coaches is particularly alarming. “And the finding that nearly half of kids quit because they weren’t having fun and about a third dropped out because they felt they weren’t good enough should also be a wake-up call,” Knoester said. “We need to improve youth sports so that it supports positive experiences for everyone and makes it more enjoyable,” he said. 1. What can we say about dropping out of sports? A. It has no impact on physical health. B. It’s beneficial to mental health. C. It keeps players playing into adulthood. D. It is worse for mental health than never playing. 2. What is one of the main reasons for kids dropping out of sports? A. They don’t get joy from exercise. B. They prefer individual activities. C. They are not physically fit enough. D. They are not academically related. 3. What is key to improving the youth sports environment? A. Reducing the number of coaches. B. Adding fun to youth sports. C. Changing the rules of sports. D. Providing more training partners. 4. What is a suitable title for the text? A. The Reason Why Kids Quit Sports B. The Benefits and Drawbacks of Playing Youth Sports C. The Impact of Youth Sports on Long-Term Mental Health D. Challenges and Solutions for Improving Youth Sports Programs 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于体育运动对青少年心理影响的研究。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“And those who dropped out of sports had poorer mental health than those who never played at all. (那些退出体育运动的人比那些从未参加过体育运动的人心理健康状况更差。)”可知，退出体育运动对心理健康来说比未参加的更糟糕。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study showed that most people dropped out of sports because they weren’t having fun or felt they weren’t good enough.(研究表明，大多数人退出体育运动是因为他们没有乐趣，或者觉得自己不够好。)”可知，孩子们退出体育运动的主要原因之一是他们不能从运动中得到快乐。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ “And the finding that nearly half of kids quit because they weren’t having fun and about a third dropped out because they felt they weren’t good enough should also be a wake-up call,” Knoester said.(Knoester说：“近一半的孩子因为玩得不开心而退出运动，大约三分之一的孩子因为觉得自己不够好而退出运动，这一发现也应该是一个警钟。”)”和最后一段中““We need to improve youth sports so that it supports positive experiences for everyone and makes it more enjoyable,” he said.(他说：“我们需要改善青少年体育，这样才能为每个人提供积极的体验，让它更有趣。”)”可知， 改善青少年体育环境的关键是增加青少年运动的乐趣。故选B项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Adults who continuously played organized sports through their youth have fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression than those who never played or those who dropped out, a new study finds.(一项新的研究发现，在青少年时期经常参加有组织的体育运动的成年人比那些从不参加体育运动或辍学的人更少出现焦虑和抑郁的症状。)”和第二段中““If you play and stick with sports, it’s a positive for your mental health, but if you play and drop out it seems to be negative — and most kids drop out,” Knoester said.(Knoester说：“如果你参加并坚持体育运动，这对你的心理健康是积极的，但如果你参加体育运动后退出，这似乎是消极的——并且大多数孩子都退出了”)”可知，本文一项关于体育运动对青少年心理影响的研究。C项“青少年体育运动对长期心理健康的影响”符合主题，故选C项。 【03】（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Have you ever walked into a room and forgotten why you went in there, or been about to speak but suddenly realized you had no idea what you were going to say? The human brain normally balances countless thoughts and actions, but sometimes, it seems to short-circuit. To figure out why, we have to look into what really happens when we forget what we were just thinking about. It’s important to know two different types of memory: long-term and working memory. Long-term memories are a broad category of memories that involve knowledge and experiences stored in the brain for extended periods. On the other hand, thoughts in working memory, whose certain characteristics are likely to explain why we forget, flash through the mind for only seconds at a time. First, working memory has very limited capacity. People can hold only about four to seven “chunks” of information—such as letters or phrases—in their working memory at a time. Rather than being aware of all of these “chunks” simultaneously (同时地), the brain bounces around from one idea to another, making it more likely that one gets neglected. Second, the brain quickly erases unimportant things from working memory to make room for new information. So unless those short-term memories are transferred into long-term memories, they’re soon gone from conscious thought. Because the brain isn’t actually capable of multitasking, it has to “juggle” different thoughts as our working memory rushes around to different ideas, which requires conscious effort and attention. If attention becomes focused on only one of those thoughts or is diverted somewhere new, the brain loses track of the earlier thoughts. And alcohol and aging may worsen the case. To stop forgetting things, it’s advised against multitasking. When you think you’re multitasking, you’re juggling, which makes forgetting more likely. Moreover, recreating the context can help, which means going back into the room you were before. Those context clues might give the brain the extra boost it needs to reach back a few seconds in working memory and regain the thought. 1. How did the author introduce the topic? A. By making contrasts. B. By listing numbers. C. By asking questions. D. By giving background information. 2. What do we know about memory? A. Memory can’t be restored if it disappears. B. Practicıng multitasking does good to working memory. C. Working memory cannot be transferred into long-term memory. D. People’s working memory capability varies with different life stages. 3. What does the underlined word “juggle” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Balance. B. Present. C. Master. D. Attain. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Two types of memory B. Improving our memory C. What did I come in for? D. How does our memory work? 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要研究了我们的大脑是如何记忆的。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Have you ever walked into a room and forgotten why you went in there, or been about to speak but suddenly realized you had no idea what you were going to say? (你有没有过这样的经历：走进一个房间，却忘了自己为什么要进去？或者你有没有过这样的经历：刚想说话，却突然意识到自己不知道要说什么？)”可知，作者是通过问问题来引入话题的。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Because the brain isn’t actually capable of multitasking, it has to “juggle” different thoughts as our working memory rushes around to different ideas, which requires conscious effort and attention. If attention becomes focused on only one of those thoughts or is diverted somewhere new, the brain loses track of the earlier thoughts. And alcohol and aging may worsen the case. (因为大脑实际上不能同时处理多项任务，所以当我们的工作记忆快速传输不同的想法时，它必须“平衡”不同的想法，这需要有意识的努力和注意力。如果注意力只集中在其中一个想法上，或者转移到新的地方，大脑就会忘记之前的想法。酒精和衰老可能会使情况恶化。)”可知，人的工作记忆能力随着人生阶段的不同而不同。故选D项。 3. 词句猜测题。划线词句后文“as our working memory rushes around to different ideas, which requires conscious effort and attention (当我们的工作记忆快速传输不同的想法时，这需要有意识的努力和注意力)”说明当我们的工作记忆快速涌现不同的想法时，大脑需要有意识的努力和注意力，来平衡不同的想法。从而推知划线词句“Because the brain isn’t actually capable of multitasking, it has to “juggle” different thoughts as our working memory rushes around to different ideas, which requires conscious effort and attention. (因为大脑实际上不能同时处理多项任务，所以当我们的工作记忆快速传输不同的想法时，它必须“juggle”不同的想法，这需要有意识的努力和注意力。)”其中划线词应为“平衡”的意思，与A项同义。故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Have you ever walked into a room and forgotten why you went in there, or been about to speak but suddenly realized you had no idea what you were going to say? The human brain normally balances countless thoughts and actions, but sometimes, it seems to short-circuit. To figure out why, we have to look into what really happens when we forget what we were just thinking about. (你有没有过这样的经历：走进一个房间，却忘了自己为什么要进去？或者你有没有过这样的经历：刚想说话，却突然意识到自己不知道要说什么？人类的大脑通常会平衡无数的想法和行为，但有时它似乎会短路。为了找出原因，我们必须研究当我们忘记了我们刚刚在想的事情时到底发生了什么。)”可知，本篇文章主要研究了我们的大脑是如何记忆的，D项“我们的记忆是如何运作的？”能概括文章大意，为最佳题目。故选D项。 【04】（24-25高三上·河南安阳·期中）A new study published in the journal Science Advances finds that AI enhances creativity by boosting the novelty of story ideas as well as the “usefulness” of stories - their ability to engage the target audience and potential for publication. It finds that AI “professionalizes” stories, making them more enjoyable, more likely to have plot twists, better written and less boring. The researchers assigned the 300 study participants to three groups: one group was allowed no AI help, a second group could use ChatGPT to provide a single three-sentence starting idea, and writers in the third group could choose from up to five AI-generated ideas for their inspiration. They then organized 600 people to judge how good the stories were, assessing them for novelty - whether the stories did something new or unexpected - and “usefulness” - how appropriate they were for the target audience, and whether the ideas could be developed and potentially published. They found that writers with the most access to AI experienced the greatest gains to their creativity, their stories scoring 9% higher for novelty compared with stories written without AI. Writers who used up to five AI-generated ideas also scored higher for emotional characteristics, producing stories that were better written, more enjoyable, less boring and funnier. The researchers evaluated the writers’ creativity using a Divergent Association Task (DAT) and found that more creative writers - those with the highest DAT scores - benefited least from generative AI ideas. Conversely, less creative writers saw a greater increase in creativity. The researchers also calculated how similar the stories were to each other. They found a 10.7% increase in similarity between writers whose stories used one generative AI-idea, compared with the group that didn’t use AI. Anil Doshi, Assistant Professor at the UCL School of Management said, “While these results point to an increase in individual creativity, there is a risk of losing collective novelty. If the publishing industry were to embrace more generative AI-inspired stories, our findings suggest that the stories would become less unique and more similar to each other.” 1. Which aspect of the AI-assisted stories were assessed in the study? A. Universality and availability. B. Originality and practicality. C. Creativity and specialization. D. Similarity and integrity. 2. What might the underlined word “Conversely” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Sure enough. B. In conclusion. C. On the contrary. D. As a result. 3. What is Anil Doshi’s attitude towards AI-inspired stories? A. Objective. B. Indifferent. C. Favorable. D. Ambiguous. 4. What can be a suitable title for the passage? A. AI Is Being Used to Create Novel Stories B. AI Is Becoming a Threat to Human Writers C. AI Can Help to Improve People’s Writing Skills D. AI Can Boost the Creativity of Stories but Pays a Price 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现利用人工智能写作可以提高故事创意的新颖性和故事的“有用性”，但是人工智能辅助的故事被发现包含更多的相似之处，缺乏多样性。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“They then organized 600 people to judge how good the stories were, assessing them for novelty - whether the stories did something new or unexpected - and “usefulness” - how appropriate they were for the target audience, and whether the ideas could be developed and potentially published. (然后，他们组织了600人来判断这些故事有多好，评估它们的新颖性——这些故事是否做了新的或意想不到的事情——以及“有用性”——它们对目标受众有多合适，以及这些想法是否可以发展和发表)”可知，评估的是故事的原创性和实用性。故选B。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第五段“The researchers evaluated the writers’ creativity using a Divergent Association Task (DAT) and found that more creative writers - those with the highest DAT scores - benefited least from generative AI ideas. (研究人员用发散联想任务（DAT）来评估作家的创造力，发现那些更有创造力的作家——那些DAT得分最高的人——从生成式人工智能想法中受益最少。)”和划线词下文“less creative writers saw a greater increase in creativity. (创造力较低的作家的创造力则增加得更多。)”可知，两者是对比关系，因此“Conversely”意为“相反地”。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据末段Anil Doshi的话“Anil Doshi, Assistant Professor at the UCL School of Management said, “While these results point to an increase in individual creativity, there is a risk of losing collective novelty. If the publishing industry were to embrace more generative AI-inspired stories, our findings suggest that the stories would become less unique and more similar to each other.” (伦敦大学学院管理学院的助理教授阿尼尔·多西说：“虽然这些结果表明个人创造力有所提高，但集体创造力也有丧失的风险。如果出版业接受更多基于人工智能的衍生故事，我们的研究结果表明，这些故事将变得不那么独特，而是更加相似。)”可知，Anil Doshi既提到了人工智能辅助生成故事的优点：个人创造力有所提高，也提到了缺点：集体创造力存在丧失的风险，因此他的评价是客观的。故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容及根据末段Anil Doshi的话“Anil Doshi, Assistant Professor at the UCL School of Management said, “While these results point to an increase in individual creativity, there is a risk of losing collective novelty. If the publishing industry were to embrace more generative AI-inspired stories, our findings suggest that the stories would become less unique and more similar to each other.” (伦敦大学学院管理学院的助理教授阿尼尔·多西说：“虽然这些结果表明个人创造力有所提高，但集体创造力也有丧失的风险。如果出版业接受更多基于人工智能的衍生故事，我们的研究结果表明，这些故事将变得不那么独特，而是更加相似。)”可知，本文主要介绍了人工智能可以提高故事创意的新颖性，但同时也会使AI协助的写作产生相似性，故判断D选项“人工智能可以提高故事的创造力，但也要付出代价。”可以作为文章标题。故选D项。 【05】（24-25高三上·河北保定·期中）For the precise timekeeper, only an atomic clock will do. While the best quartz (石英) timepieces will lose a millisecond every six weeks, an atomic clock might not lose a thousandth of one in a decade. Such devices are accurate enough to drive everything from GPS and the internet to stock-market trading. However, researchers are now working on a successor: the nuclear clock. Ekkehard Peik, a pioneer in the field, says such a clock could be 1,000 times more accurate than today’s atomic clocks. Atomic clocks work by exciting the electrons around an atom’s nucleus (原子核) with incoming radiation of a specific frequency, with each wave cycle corresponding to a “tick.” Nuclear clocks would function similarly but would use the transitions of neutrons and protons (中子和质子) inside the nucleus. The most promising candidate nucleus is thorium-229, which uniquely, has a nuclear transition that lasers (激光) should be able to activate. The exact frequency at which this occurs, however, has long been unknown. Researchers Chuankun Zhang and Jun Ye, from the University of Colorado in Boulder, bypassed this challenge by developing a custom-built laser capable of generating a range of frequencies around the expected transition point. When they fired it at the target, one particular light stream matched the nuclear transition frequency. Although the system needs optimization, Zhang says, “It’s the first demonstration that all the components of a nuclear clock are here.” Because atomic clocks are already more than accurate enough for most practical uses, scientists are not aiming to replace them. Instead, they are more interested in the advantages of having two independent methods for measuring time, as beyond precise timekeeping, nuclear clocks could have broader applications in fundamental physics. One potential use is in testing Einstein’s theory of relativity, which suggests, among other things, that clocks should tick more slowly in stronger gravitational fields. If nuclear clocks show any differences in their response compared to atomic clocks under such conditions, it could motivate a rethinking of these well-established theories. 1. What do we know about atomic clocks? A. They are less accurate than quartz timepieces. B. They are accurate enough for nearly all practical uses today. C. The difference between atomic and quartz clocks is insignificant. D. They are not reliable enough for technologies like GPS or stock trading. 2. What breakthrough did Chuankun Zhang and Jun Ye achieve? A. They predicted the exact frequency of the thorium-229 nu clear transition. B. They discovered a new type of nuclear transition in thorium-229. C. They built a laser to target frequencies near the transition point. D. They used a microwave-based laser to measure the thorium-229 transition. 3. The text suggests that Einstein’s theories of relativity might need revision if ______. A. atomic clocks stop working accurately in strong gravity B. nuclear clocks prove to be more accurate than atomic clocks C. scientists discover a new force beyond the nuclear and electromagnetic forces D. nuclear clocks tick differently in strong gravity compared to atomic clocks 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. The End of Atomic Time: A New Clock Redefining Precision B. The New Age of Timekeeping: From Quartz to Atomic Clocks C. The Nuclear Revolution: A Clock That Changed Our Understanding of Time D. The Test of Time: A New Clock Challenging the Laws of Physics 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型核时钟的研发将重新定义时间精度。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“For the precise timekeeper, only an atomic clock will do. While the best quartz (石英) timepieces will lose a millisecond every six weeks, an atomic clock might not lose a thousandth of one in a decade. Such devices are accurate enough to drive everything from GPS and the internet to stock-market trading. (对于精确计时的人来说，只有原子钟才能做到。最好的石英表每六周会损失一毫秒，而原子钟每十年可能不会损失千分之一毫秒。这些设备足够精确，可以驱动从GPS和互联网到股票市场交易的一切)”可知，原子钟对于几乎所有实际应用来说都已经足够准确了。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchers Chuankun Zhang and Jun Ye, from the University of Colorado in Boulder, bypassed this challenge by developing a custom-built laser capable of generating a range of frequencies around the expected transition point. (来自博尔德科罗拉多大学的研究人员张传坤和叶军绕过了这一挑战，他们开发了一种定制的激光器，能够在预期的过渡点周围产生一系列频率)”可知，二人制造了一种能够针对接近转变点的频率的激光。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If nuclear clocks show any differences in their response compared to atomic clocks under such conditions, it could motivate a rethinking of these well-established theories. (如果在这种条件下，核时钟与原子钟的反应有任何不同，就可能促使人们重新思考这些已经确立的理论)”可知，如果核时钟在强引力场中的反应与原子时钟不同，那么爱因斯坦的相对论可能需要修正。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“However, researchers are now working on a successor: the nuclear clock. Ekkehard Peik, a pioneer in the field, says such a clock could be1,000 times more accurate than today’s atomic clocks. (该领域的先驱Ekkehard Peik说，这样的时钟可能比今天的原子钟精确1000倍)”可知，本文主要讲述了新型核时钟的研发将重新定义时间精度。A选项“The End of Atomic Time: A New Clock Redefining Precision (原子时间的终结：一种重新定义精度的新时钟)”符合题意。故选A。 【06】（24-25高三上·湖北·阶段练习）Auntie Ngeam is one of a third generation of indigo craftswomen (靛蓝工匠) in a family from the Phuan, a people known for their handmade textiles (纺织品). A large Phuan community settled in Phrae in northern Thailand in the late 19th century and brought their indigo craftsmanship with them. Auntie Ngeam took over a small business from her parents more than 30 years ago and has played a key role in updating Thailand’s indigo clothing over the past decade. “Every shop on the street had plain blue shirts, so I started thinking about how I could stand out,” she says. “I tried using indigo to tie-dye (扎染) modern clothes.” Now in Thai markets across the country, the indigo tie-dyed clothes have become a phenomenon. Auntie Ngeam also works together with the local government to promote the local indigo industry via tie-dye workshops among tourists. For the past six years, the town has hosted the Phrae Craft festival, showing small, independent indigo craftsmen’s work. The festival is run by Nanthanit Boyd, a former student of Auntie Ngeam’s. Today, Boyd is pushing the boundaries of indigo textile fashion, bringing designs to the world stage. With the increasing acceptance of indigo craftsmanship among young people, intergenerational indigo businesses have become ubiquitous in Phrae. Banmatjai Indigo Workshop is one of such growing businesses, which was opened by the women of the Suchanok family 10 years ago, when the eldest daughter Chidchanok Suchanok returned home after graduation. “I wondered why my generation wasn’t appreciating indigo,” Chidchanok says. “It’s our heritage and a local resource.” Phrae has been reborn as a craft center, bringing more jobs to the locals and attracting both domestic and international travelers. “The creativity is already here; all we need to do is make it shine brighter so people can see it,” says Boyd. 1. What can we learn about Auntie Ngeam? A. She enjoys touring all over the country. B. She is the founder of her family business. C. She pioneers the indigo tie-dyed clothes. D. She is in charge of the Phrae Craft festival. 2. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Private. B. Widespread. C. Challenging. D. Conservative. 3. What can be inferred about the indigo industry from Boyd’s words? A. It unites the local communities. B. It guarantees the locals a richer life. C. It deserves to be further promoted. D. It appeals to the younger generation. 4. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. Rapid Development of Phrae’s Tourism B. Exploration of the History of Indigo Industry C. Revolutionary Progress: the Tomorrow of Phrae D. From Tradition to Trend: Phrae’s Indigo Industry 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了靛蓝工艺的传承、创新和流行。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段““I tried using indigo to tie-dye (扎染) modern clothes.” Now in Thai markets across the country, the indigo tie-dyed clothes have become a phenomenon.(“我试着用靛蓝给现代衣服扎染。”现在在泰国的各个市场上，靛蓝扎染的衣服已经成为了一种现象。）”可知，Auntie Ngeam是靛蓝扎染衣服的先驱。故选C。 2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“With the increasing acceptance of indigo craftsmanship among young people(随着越来越多的年轻人接受靛蓝工艺)”可知，随着越来越多的年轻人接受靛蓝工艺，说明靛蓝公司现在较为普遍，故划线词意思是“普遍的”。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““The creativity is already here; all we need to do is make it shine brighter so people can see it,” says Boyd.(“这里的创造力已经存在；我们只需要让它更加闪耀，让人们看到它，”Boyd说。)”可知，靛蓝产业值得进一步推广，让更多的人看到并欣赏到它的价值。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Auntie Ngeam is one of a third generation of indigo craftswomen (靛蓝工匠) in a family from the Phuan, a people known for their handmade textiles (纺织品). A large Phuan community settled in Phrae in northern Thailand in the late 19th century and brought their indigo craftsmanship with them.(Ngeam Auntie是Phuan家族第三代靛蓝手工艺女工之一，Phuan以手工纺织品而闻名。19世纪末，一个庞大的普安人社区定居在泰国北部的Phrae，并带来了他们的靛蓝工艺)”结合本文介绍了靛蓝工艺的传承、创新和流行。故D选项“从传统到趋势：Phrae的靛蓝产业”最符合文章标题，故选D。 【07】（24-25高三上·江苏无锡·期中）Experiments on rats show that mixing energy drinks with alcohol can cause long-term problems with cognitive (认知的) function, adding to concerns over young adults drinking habits. The study was carried out by a team from the University of Cagliari, and groups of male adolescent rats being given alcohol, energy drinks, or a mixture of both. Various standard experiments were then used to assess cognitive function - including brain scans and behavioral tests - up to 53 days after drinking. These tests revealed that the animals consuming the mixed drinks showed enduring changes in their ability to learn and remember and changes in the hippocampus (海马体) - a part of the brain responsible for learning and memory. Alcohol and energy drinks are popular with young people for various reasons, and the effects from this study are that these habits could cause some long-term harm. In particular, it seems that hippocampus plasticity could be affected, damaging the brain’s ability to adapt and change in response to new information and demands. While the rats on alcohol and energy drinks initially showed a boost in certain brain functions. these benefits didn’t last, and over time and into adulthood there was a decline in brain capability. The results show that alcohol mixed with energy drinks consumption during the preadoleseent period produces adaptive hippocampal changes at the electrophysiological and molecular levels. associated with changes in behavior, which are already detectable during adolescence and persist in adulthood. These results still need to be confirmed in human studies, and there’re likely differences between sexes due to hormone interactions that weren’t explored in this study. But health concerns over energy drinks are justified. Alcohol has plenty of effects in health, and it’s well-known that mixing the two together in any kind of significant way isn’t the best idea. Overall, the analysis of the whole set of data obtained suggests that alcohol mixed with energy drinks, during adolescence, may have results that are not necessarily the sum of those observed with alcohol or energy drinks alone and permanently affect hippocampal plasticity. 1. How was the study carried out? A. By observing rats’ various behaviors on the spot. B. By comparing rats’ reactions on different occasions. C. By collecting previous data of rats of different kinds D. By measuring the cognitive influences on the tested rats. 2. What does the underlined word “enduring” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Minor. B. Instant. C. Lasting. D. Unnoticeable 3. What can we learn from the study? A. Mixed drinks initially do great damage to rats’ brains. B. Great sex differences have been detected in rats so far. C. Human subjects have not been involved in the process D. The hippocampal and behavioral changes don’t last long. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Adolescent Rats Experimented, Great Concerns Aroused B. More Energy Drinks Consumed, More Health Effects Noted C. Healthy Diet Habits Adopted, Behavioral Patterns Improved D. Energy Drinks Mixed with Alcohol, Brain Functions Affected 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项关于将能量饮料与酒精混合饮用对青春期大鼠认知能力长期影响的研究。研究发现，这种混合饮品会导致大鼠在学习和记忆能力方面出现持久性改变，特别是影响海马体的可塑性，进而损害大脑适应新信息和需求的能力。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Various standard experiments were then used to assess cognitive function - including brain scans and behavioral tests - up to 53 days after drinking. (然后用各种标准实验来评估饮酒后53天的认知功能，包括脑部扫描和行为测试。)”可知，研究是通过测量对被试大鼠的认知影响来进行的，故选D。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Alcohol and energy drinks are popular with young people for various reasons, and the effects from this study are that these habits could cause some long-term harm. (由于各种原因，酒精和能量饮料在年轻人中很受欢迎，这项研究的结果是，这些习惯可能会造成一些长期危害。)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这些测试表明，喝了混合饮料的动物在学习和记忆能力以及海马体（大脑中负责学习和记忆的部分）的变化方面表现出持久的变化”，划线词enduring的意思是“持久的”，和lasting意思相近，故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“These results still need to be confirmed in human studies, and there're likely differences between sexes due to hormone interactions that weren't explored in this study. (这些结果仍需要在人类研究中得到证实，而且由于激素的相互作用，两性之间可能存在差异，而这项研究并未探索这些差异。)”可知，我们能从这项研究中了解到人类实验对象尚未参与这一过程。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“These tests revealed that the animals consuming the mixed drinks showed enduring changes in their ability to learn and remember and changes in the hippocampus (海马体) - a part of the brain responsible for learning and memory. (这些测试表明，喝了混合饮料的动物在学习和记忆能力以及海马体（大脑中负责学习和记忆的部分）的变化方面表现出持久的变化。)”和第四段“Alcohol and energy drinks are popular with young people for various reasons, and the effects from this study are that these habits could cause some long-term harm. In particular, it seems that hippocampus plasticity could be affected, damaging the brain’s ability to adapt and change in response to new information and demands. (由于各种原因，酒精和能量饮料在年轻人中很受欢迎，这项研究的结果是，这些习惯可能会造成一些长期危害。特别是，海马体的可塑性似乎会受到影响，损害大脑适应和改变新信息和需求的能力。)”可知，本文主要讲的是一项关于将能量饮料与酒精混合饮用对青春期大鼠认知能力长期影响的研究，研究发现，这种混合饮品会导致大鼠在学习和记忆能力方面出现持久性改变，特别是影响海马体的可塑性，进而损害大脑适应新信息和需求的能力，因此最好的题目是D选项“Energy Drinks Mixed with Alcohol, Brain Functions Affected (混合酒精的能量饮料影响大脑功能)”。故选D。 【08】（24-25高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）A strange sound called “biotwang” was first heard bouncing around the Mariana Trench 10 years ago, and scientists have finally figured out where it comes from. Recorded by microphones deep in the ocean, the unexplained sound — a low, loud moan (哼声) followed by a mechanical echo, like a frog burping (打嗝) in space — thundered through a computer speaker about a decade ago. Confused researchers called it the “biotwang”. “You’ve got this low-frequency portion, like a moan,” says Lauren Harrell, a data scientist at Google Research’s AI for Social Good, adding her own impression of a hearty sigh. “Then you have the higher-frequency component that sounds, to me, like an outer planet spacecraft — the ‘bip boo, bip boo’ sound.” Confirming which marine animal makes a strange noise isn’t easy, though: it requires a person on a boat to see and identify the source at exactly the same time the sound is heard. “It takes a lot of time, a lot of effort and a fair amount of luck,” Allen says. An international team headed by Allen, marine biologist from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, and Harrell conducted a collaborative research in 2020. While surveying whales off the Mariana Islands, Allen and other researchers saw a mysterious species called the Bryde’s whale 10 times. These whales are spread out far across the huge open ocean, so it’s hard for scientists to observe or study them. On nine of the occasions that Bryde’s whales turned up, the researchers also heard the biotwang. “Once, it’s a coincidence,” Allen says. “Twice is happenstance. Nine times, it’s definitely a Bryde’s whale.” After identifying the source, they reviewed years of audio data from underwater hydrophones to find out where this specific whale sound had previously been heard. “Once scientists know where and when these whales travel,” Harrell says, “AI models could connect that data to climate and environmental factors and thus support protection efforts.” The technology isn’t perfect, though. “These algorithms (算法) can only search for a frequency they know,” says Harrell. “The Bryde’s whale vocalizations change over time and between populations. But because the tools are open-source, other scientists can use them to discover more about whale language. We seem to be so disconnected from, or simply have no access to this amazing underwater world of sound,” he says. “I think it’s about time that we change that.” 1. Why is it difficult to identify the source of biotwang? A. Because years of audio data need to be analyzed. B. Because enough time and a right moment are a must. C. Because researchers lack a knowledge of marine animals. D. Because biotwang alternates with low and high frequency 2. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Who solved the biotwang mystery. B. When the Bryde’s whale usually appeared. C. How the source of biotwang was determined. D. Why the Bryde’s whale was difficult to observe. 3. What is Harrell’s attitude toward their team’s discovery? A. Ambiguous. B. Objective. C. Unconcerned. D. Disapproving. 4. What can be the suitable title for the passage? A. Mystery of Biotwang Finally Solved B. AI Algorithms Applied in Biotwang Research C. Singer of the Deep Ocean — Bryde’s Whale D. Protection of the Deep Ocean — A Long Way to Go 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家经过长时间的研究，终于揭开了“biotwang”这一深海神秘声音的来源。 1. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Confirming which marine animal makes a strange noise isn’t easy, though: it requires a person on a boat to see and identify the source at exactly the same time the sound is heard. “It takes a lot of time, a lot of effort and a fair amount of luck,” Allen says.(不过，确认哪种海洋动物会发出奇怪的声音并不容易:这需要一个人在听到声音的同时，在船上看到并识别出声音的来源。“这需要很多时间，很多努力和相当多的运气，”艾伦说)”可知，很难确定生物噪音的来源是因为足够的时间和合适的时机是必须的。故选B。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第五段“An international team headed by Allen, marine biologist from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, and Harrell conducted a collaborative research in 2020. While surveying whales off the Mariana Islands, Allen and other researchers saw a mysterious species called the Bryde’s whale 10 times. These whales are spread out far across the huge open ocean, so it’s hard for scientists to observe or study them. On nine of the occasions that Bryde’s whales turned up, the researchers also heard the biotwang. “Once, it’s a coincidence,” Allen says. “Twice is happenstance. Nine times, it’s definitely a Bryde’s whale.”(2020年，由苏黎世瑞士联邦理工学院海洋生物学家艾伦和哈雷尔领导的国际团队进行了一项合作研究。在对马里亚纳群岛附近的鲸鱼进行调查时，艾伦和其他研究人员10次看到了一种名为布莱德鲸的神秘物种。这些鲸鱼分布在广阔的海洋中，所以科学家很难观察或研究它们。在布莱德鲸出现的9次场合中，研究人员也听到了生物鼻音。“曾经，这是一个巧合，”艾伦说。“两次是偶然。九次，肯定是布氏鲸。”)”可知，本段主要讲的是科学家是如何确定biotwang的来源的。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The technology isn’t perfect, though. “These algorithms (算法) can only search for a frequency they know,” says Harrell. “The Bryde’s whale vocalizations change over time and between populations. But because the tools are open-source, other scientists can use them to discover more about whale language. We seem to be so disconnected from, or simply have no access to this amazing underwater world of sound,” he says. “I think it’s about time that we change that.”(不过，这项技术并不完美。“这些算法只能搜索它们知道的频率，”哈雷尔说。“布莱德鲸的叫声会随着时间和种群的不同而变化。但由于这些工具是开源的，其他科学家可以使用它们来发现更多关于鲸鱼语言的信息。我们似乎与这个令人惊叹的水下声音世界如此脱节，或者根本无法进入，”他说。“我认为是时候改变这种状况了。”)”可知，Harrell既看到了技术的不足，也看到了其未来的潜力，所以他对他们团队的发现持客观的态度。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A strange sound called “biotwang” was first heard bouncing around the Mariana Trench 10 years ago, and scientists have finally figured out where it comes from.(10年前，一种被称为“biotwang”的奇怪声音首次在马里亚纳海沟附近被听到，科学家们终于弄清楚了它的来源)”结合本文主要讲的是科学家经过长时间的研究，终于揭开了“biotwang”这一深海神秘声音的来源，故A选项“Biotwang之谜终于解开”可以作为本文标题，故选A。 【09】（24-25高三上·河北石家庄·期中）In recent times, with the advent of electric cars, the idea to fuel them with solar energy also gained momentum. Electric cars—even though they run on electricity and don’t use fossil fuels—are still NOT GREEN! People suffer from the misconception that not using fossil fuel means “green” which is kind of absurd, considering the electricity we use is generated by burning the very same fuels! However, what if your car had solar panels that could charge it? Now that would indeed be a green machine! Basically, as much as we would like to incorporate this energy source into our car, the efficiency of the currently used solar panels is subject to the fulfillment of different criteria. Firstly, solar panels occupy a large amount of area. An average car has an area of 10-25 sq. ft. on the roof. which can generate between 50-150 W under ideal conditions. This is hardly enough power to illuminate a light bulb! Also, moderate sunny temperature needs to be ideal, as extremely high temperatures can reduce the efficiency of the solar panels. Cars must work in all weather conditions, so if a solar panel limits the car’s functionality, it becomes practically useless. More importantly, the cost of the panels and development required to power the electronics using the sun’s energy outweighs the benefits that solar panels provide. Most cars today that have solar roofs, use the solar energy to power only a few basic functions of the car. While there is still time before we will be able to drive cars fully powered by solar energy, there are some alternatives, such as solar power stations, which are being designed to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels for electricity. Solar-powered vehicles are surely the future, but not the near future. As the cost of solar panels continues to fall and their efficiency increases, things will begin to look much “brighter” for this alternative and sustainable option! 1. Why aren’t electric cars environmentally friendly? A. They won’t work as well as the common cars. B. They are not powered by solar energy. C. They run on electricity produced by burning fuels. D. They cause more pollution to the world. 2. What can we learn from the third paragraph? A. Temperatures have little effect on solar panels. B. Powering the electronics costs little. C. A car’s roof generates enough power to light a bulb. D. The performance of current solar panels depends on various factors. 3. What can we infer about solar energy in the car industry? A. Most cars have solar roofs. B. Cars can be currently powered from solar power stations. C. Cars partly powered by solar energy are on the road. D. Solar cars will soon be available. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. What do solar cars look like? B. Why don’t we power the car with solar energy? C. How do solar cars work? D. Could solar cars replace the electric cars? 【答案】1. C2. D3. B4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍目前的电动汽车虽不使用化石燃料，但仍然不是绿色的。目前使用的太阳能电池板的效率取决于是否满足不同的标准。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段“People suffer from the misconception that not using fossil fuel means “green” which is kind of absurd, considering the electricity we use is generated by burning the very same fuels!”（人们有一种误解，认为不使用化石燃料就意味着“绿色”，这是一种荒谬的想法，因为我们使用的电力是通过燃烧同样的燃料产生的!）可知，为什么电动汽车不环保是它们靠燃烧燃料产生的电力运转。故选C。 2.推理判断题。根据第三段“Firstly, solar panels occupy a large amount of area.”（首先，太阳能电池板占据了大量的面积。）和“Also, moderate sunny temperature needs to be ideal, as extremely high temperatures can reduce the efficiency of the solar panels.”（此外，温和的阳光温度需要是理想的，因为极高的温度会降低太阳能电池板的效率。）以及“More importantly, the cost of the panels and development required to power the electronics using the sun’s energy outweighs the benefits that solar panels provide.”（更重要的是，利用太阳能为电子设备供电所需的电池板成本和开发成本超过了太阳能电池板提供的好处。）可知，目前太阳能电池板的性能取决于多方面的因素。故选D。 3.细节理解题。根据第四段“While there is still time before we will be able to drive cars fully powered by solar energy, there are some alternatives, such as solar power stations, which are being designed to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels for electricity.”（虽然我们还需要一段时间才能驾驶完全由太阳能驱动的汽车，但仍有一些替代品，如太阳能发电站，其目的是减少我们对化石燃料的电力依赖。）可知，目前，汽车可以由太阳能发电站提供动力。故选B。 4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Solar-powered vehicles are surely the future, but not the near future. As the cost of solar panels continues to fall and their efficiency increases, things will begin to look much “brighter” for this alternative and sustainable option!”（太阳能汽车肯定是未来，但不是不久的将来。随着太阳能电池板的成本持续下降，其效率不断提高，对于这种替代性和可持续性的选择，情况将开始变得更加“光明”！）可知，主要介绍目前的电动汽车虽不使用化石燃料，但仍然不是绿色的。目前使用的太阳能电池板的效率取决于是否满足不同的标准可知，D项“太阳能汽车能取代电动汽车吗?”为短文最佳标题。故选D。 【10】（24-25高三上·北京海淀·期中）Humans have long gained pleasure from the smells of the natural world. For the most part, though, human beings are not their target market. For plants, fragrances are a way to interact with insects and other animals. Their attraction for people happens simply by chance. In chemical terms, most natural fragrances are made up of volatiles — so called because of their tendency to change states suddenly. Volatiles evaporate easily, drifting into noses. In plants’ reproductive processes, smelly volatiles attract pollinators (授粉昆虫). But their natural applications are much more varied. If an insect chews through the leaves of some Bursera plants, out shoots a sticky, smelly liquid to trap it. Coyote tobacco plants are even more crafty: upon sensing the smell of hungry caterpillars, they produce volatiles that attract predators to kill the pests. What is truly amazing is just how wily plants can be in using their scents for reproduction. White flowers often emit their scent at night to attract nocturnal pollinators such as moths. They produce a dilute nectar (稀释的花蜜) that encourages moths to keep moving, rather than linger at a single bloom—all the better to increase pollination. Other flowers change their fragrance after being successfully pollinated, as a signal for insects to go elsewhere. But though “Scent” is a story of plants’ cleverness, it is also a tale of the human kind. People have long used fragrances for their own purposes, particularly for use in religious ceremonies: perfume recipes on the walls of an Egyptian temple in Edfu demonstrate just how long ingredients have been mixed in pursuit of the best blend. So highly prized were some scents that, to scare off competitors, Arab traders spread a legend about giant eagles that guarded cinnamon. Eventually scientists no longer needed natural sources for fragrances. In 1866 a fragrance molecule was produced for the first time. Sixteen years later, Houbigant Parfum released Fougère Royale, the first “modern fantasy perfume” that creates an imaginary scent rather than copying a natural one. Nowadays fragrance–making is dominated by man–made compounds, which can be reliably and affordably produced in large quantities. That has led to the mass production of smelly products, from toilet paper to toothpaste. Scent is accordingly big business. It is said that a world–famous fragrance and flavour manufacturer that claims people interact with its products up to 30 times a day, had sales of €3.8bn last year. 1. According to Paragraph 1 and 2, which would the author agree with? A. Some plants might kill the pests with their smells. B. Fragrance is a tool for plants to protect themselves. C. People interact with nature easily through fragrance. D. Fragrances are less important to humans than to animals and insects. 2. What does the underlined word “prized” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. Developed. B. Rewarded. C. Mixed. D. Valued. 3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Humans do not use fragrances as purposefully as plants do. B. Natural sources for fragrances will be out of date in the future. C. Plants use fragrances to both attract and send away pollinators. D. Man–made fragrances have to be produced by copying natural ones. 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Plants Smell, Insects Prey B. Smartness behind Fragrance C. Fragrance: To Make or Not to Make D. Fragrance Connects Human & Nature 【答案】1. B2. D3. C4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。对植物来说，香味是与昆虫和其他动物互动的一种方式。它们对人的吸引力完全是偶然发生的。文章主要说明了植物是如何通过香味来保护自己以及繁殖的。 31.推理判断题。根据第二段中“If an insect chews through the leaves of some Bursera plants, out shoots a sticky, smelly liquid to trap it. Coyote tobacco plants are even more crafty: upon sensing the smell of hungry caterpillars, they produce volatiles that attract predators to kill the pests.(如果一只昆虫咬穿了一些Bursera植物的叶子，就会喷出一种粘性的、有臭味的液体来困住它。土狼烟草植物甚至更狡猾：一旦嗅到饥饿毛虫的气味，它们就会产生挥发物，吸引捕食者杀死害虫)”可推知，作者认同香味是植物保护自己的工具。故选B。 32.词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“to scare off competitors, Arab traders spread a legend about giant eagles that guarded cinnamon”可知，为了吓跑竞争对手，阿拉伯商人传播了一个关于守护肉桂的巨鹰的传说，可见有些香料非常珍贵，让商人通过传说来吓跑竞争对手。故画线词意思是“宝贵的”。故选D。 33.细节理解题。根据第三段“What is truly amazing is just how wily plants can be in using their scents for reproduction. White flowers often emit their scent at night to attract nocturnal pollinators such as moths. They produce a dilute nectar (稀释的花蜜) that encourages moths to keep moving, rather than linger at a single bloom—all the better to increase pollination. Other flowers change their fragrance after being successfully pollinated, as a signal for insects to go elsewhere.(真正令人惊奇的是植物在利用它们的气味进行繁殖时是多么的狡猾。白花通常在夜间散发气味，以吸引夜间传粉者，如飞蛾。它们产生稀释的花蜜，鼓励飞蛾不断移动，而不是停留在一个单一的花期，这更好地增加授粉。其他花朵在成功授粉后会改变它们的香味，作为昆虫转移到其他地方的信号)”可知，植物利用香味来吸引和赶走传粉者。故选C。 34.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humans have long gained pleasure from the smells of the natural world. For the most part, though, human beings are not their target market. For plants, fragrances are a way to interact with insects and other animals. Their attraction for people happens simply by chance.(长期以来，人类一直从自然界的气味中获得快乐。不过，在大多数情况下，人类并不是它们的目标市场。对植物来说，香味是与昆虫和其他动物互动的一种方式。它们对人的吸引力完全是偶然发生的)”结合文章主要说明了植物是如何通过香味来保护自己以及繁殖的。可知，B选项“香味背后的聪明机智”最符合文章标题。故选B。 【11】（24-25高三上·辽宁沈阳·期中）Society tells us we should socialise to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest. These days, we’re almost always connected, whether in person or through our phone screens and online social networks. But there’s something to be said for solitude(独处), “Being alone doesn’t necessarily mean being lonely”. In fact, spending time by yourself is an essential element of self-care. Around the globe different cultures have wide-ranging perspectives on what it means to spend time alone. If you live or have spent time in the United States, you’re probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude. For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game nights to drinking at bars and everything in between. The United States isn’t the only place where you’ll find a heavy emphasis on social time. Across the Atlantic, the United Kingdom is known for being an extremely extroverted(外向型的)country. A survey of Brits found that more than half had never done and would be unwilling to do activities like going to theme parks or seeing live music alone. Most Brits spend almost twice as much of their leisure time socialising with others as they do being alone. The home can be a place of rest, relaxation and recharge—that is, if you live by yourself or have the space to be alone in your home. The country in which people are least likely to live alone is India, at about 4 percent of the population. China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these, many aspects of life are related to community. Thus, spending time alone isn’t as ingrained(根深蒂固的)as a social convention in places like these, and the good of the group takes priority over the needs of one person. 1. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. People can benefit more from solitude. B. People tend to socialise more nowadays. C. Being alone generally equals being lonely. D. Being alone enables people to be carefree. 2. Which of the following best describes young Americans? A. Imaginative and wild. B. Responsible and energetic. C. Optimistic and dutiful. D. Outgoing and sociable. 3. Why are most Chinese people more likely to live together? A. Because they share a specific culture. B. Because they lack some local customs. C. Because they possess enough home space. D. Because they give priority to their own needs. 4. What’s the best title for the passage? A. The Essence of Self-care B. Enjoy Solitude, Enjoy Yourself C. The Functions of Different Cultures D. The Perspectives on Solitude 【答案】1. B2. D3. A4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了不同文化对独处的不同看法。 1.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Society tells us we should socialise to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest. These days, we’re almost always connected, whether in person or through our phone screens and online social networks.(社会告诉我们，我们应该充分地社交，那些被人包围的人是最成功和最快乐的。如今，我们几乎总是联系在一起，无论是面对面，还是通过手机屏幕和在线社交网络。)”可知，如今我们几乎总是联系在一起，无论是面对面还是通过手机屏幕和社交网络；由此可推知，如今的人们更倾向于社交。故选B项。 2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“If you live or have spent time in the United States, you’re probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude. For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game nights to drinking at bars and everything in between.(如果你住在美国或曾在美国生活过一段时间，你可能会意识到美国人倾向于拒绝独处。对许多年轻人来说，周末充满了社交活动，从和朋友吃早午餐到晚宴，从游戏之夜到酒吧喝酒，以及介于这两者之间的一切。)”可知，美国的年轻人周末充满了社交活动。由此可推知，美国的年轻人都比较好社交。故选D项。 3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these, many aspects of life are related to around community.(中国也很喜欢多口之家，只有大约10%的人独自生活。在这些更集体主义的文化中，生活的许多方面都与周围的社区有关。)”可知，大多数中国人更喜欢住在一起的原因是中国这种集体主义文化。故选A项。 4.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段首句“Around the globe, different cultures have wide-ranging perspectives on what it means to spend time alone.(在世界各地，不同的文化对独处的意义有着不同的看法。)”可知不同的文化对独处有着不同的看法；文章第二、三、四段分别谈到了美国、英国、印度和中国等国家的人对独处的看法。由此可知，本文主要谈到了不同国家对独处的看法。D项“The Perspectives on Solitude(对独处的看法)”最能概括本文内容。故选D项。 试卷第2页，共43页 25 / 25 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题34 八省联考阅读微技能之说明文选标题 （满分攻略+真题演练+八省名校模拟）解析版 （山西、河南、陕西、内蒙古、四川、云南、宁夏、青海） 技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分 说明文标题错误三大特征 1. 范围太宽泛：选项太过于宽泛，与文章内容相距甚远。 2. 范围太具体：选项死扣文章某一细节不适合用于标题。 3. 范围太偏颇：选项内容过于偏颇，明显偏离文章主旨。 说明文选标题三大方法 1.主题段法 标题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语即是文章的标题。 2. 主题句法 解题的关键要抓住每段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。 2. 关键词法 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即关键词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 说明文选标题三大策略 1.正面肯定法 在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。 2.反面否定法 撇开原文，拿各个备选项去尝试用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除荒谬者。 3.排除干扰法 研究干扰项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、新奇性、概括性等。文章的标题应该新颖奇特，易激发读者的好奇心，吸引读者注意力。 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分技巧和应试思维！ (2024全国甲卷第27题) Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音)that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 24. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats. C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age. 25. How does a pet cat assess different situations? A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects. C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats. 26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 27. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。 24.细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。 25.细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。 26.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。 27.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。 (2020浙江7月卷第30题) Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests. Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests. Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status. “This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy. ” It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ” Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help. 28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests? A. To assess their health status. B. To evaluate their work habits. C. To analyze their personality. D. To measure their mental ability. 29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? A. By using an expert’s words. B. By making a comparison. C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept. 30. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age 28-30 DBC 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。 28. D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.(来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休老人，并通过一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。)”可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的心智能力。故选 29. B。推理判断题。根据第四段中Francisca Then说的话“This works just like physical exercise,( 这就像体育锻炼一样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，Francisca Then是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较来解释他的发现的。 30. C。主旨大意题。第一段“Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age(需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。)”是本文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大脑保持敏捷”适合作本文标题。 (2020全国I卷第35题) The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps. In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源) —such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates. C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants. 33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer? A. To detect plants’ lack of water. B. To change compositions of plants. C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants. 34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? A. They will speed up energy production. B. They may transmit electricity to the home. C. They might help reduce energy consumption. D. They could take the place of power plants. 35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Can we grow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants? C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free? 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。 32. D。主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。 33. A。细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。 34. C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。 35. C。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。 模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！ 【01】（24-25高三上·重庆·期中）Wrapping paper — that thing that makes our holiday gifts look so festive — has a landfill problem. If it’s shiny, metallic, or glitter-encrusted, it’s not recyclable. And even recycled paper isn’t guaranteed to actually get recycled. But there’s an alternative, eco-friendlier option that some are turning to this holiday season: the Japanese art of wrapping packages in cloth, known as furoshiki. Furoshiki refers to both the square cloth itself and the wrapping technique. The practice dates back hundreds of years, when people started using cloth bundles to carry items to and from public baths. Eventually, it evolved into a wrapping art form. People don’t just wrap presents with the cloth, but an endless number of small items like boxes, fruit, and books. When it was used to wrap gifts, Tsukada Simonian says traditionally, the furoshiki cloth would be returned to the gift giver to be used again and again. The tradition went out of fashion as paper and plastic substitutes took off in the post World War I period. It’s something “you would see at grandma’s house”, says Tomoko Dyen, who teaches furoshiki wrapping technique in Los Angeles. But recently, she says, it’s been regaining popularity. As more tourists have learned about it while visiting Japan, Dyen says it’s encouraged the next generation to “learn more about ourselves”. Furoshiki doesn’t necessarily require specific furoshiki cloth, says van der Steur. She stocks the museum store with imported Japanese furoshiki cloth including patterns with flowers, cats, and otters, but she says any piece of fabric, even old clothes, can work. Some of the learners showed up specifically hoping to learn furoshiki for holiday wrapping. But some say they walked away hoping to use it for much more. Kristan Delatori attended with the plan to wrap her holiday gifts this way — but now she says she’ ll bring furoshiki with her when she runs quick errands. “Being able to put a couple of these into my bag and always having something when I go to the grocery store or go shopping,” says Delatori. “I’m really excited.” 1. What can we learn about furoshiki from the first two paragraphs? A. It looks more festive than common wrapping paper. B. It was sent as a part of the gift to the receivers for use. C. It refers to the square cloth only used to wrap presents. D. It was first used to carry items when people took baths. 2. What makes the revival of furoshiki in recent years? A. The effort of the last generation. B. The attention from more visitors. C. The unique charm of furoshiki itself. D. The support of the local government. 3. Which word best describes Kristan Delatori’s attitude to furoshiki? A. Skeptical. B. Conservative. C. Favorable. D. Unclear. 4. What is the best title of the text? A. The Square Cloth: The Very Thing Bearing the Lost Memory B. Wrapping Paper: A Recyclable Material Regaining Popularity C. Furoshiki: An Eco-Friendier Choice for Holiday Wrapping D. Japan: An Asian Nation with Various Traditional Art Forms 【02】（24-25高三上·福建宁德·期中）Adults who continuously played organized sports through their youth have fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression than those who never played or those who dropped out, a new study finds. “And those who dropped out of sports had poorer mental health than those who never played at all. But many more people drop out of youth sports than play continuously until they are 18.” said Chris Knoester, professor of sociology at The Ohio State University. “If you play and stick with sports, it’s a positive for your mental health, but if you play and drop out it seems to be negative — and most kids drop out,” Knoester said. The study showed that most people dropped out of sports because they weren’t having fun or felt they weren’t good enough. “That suggests ways youth sports can be improved to help kids,” said study lead author Laura Upenieks. “Our findings about why kids drop out of organized sports suggest that the current environment is less than ideal for everyone, and that the barriers to participation need to be given greater attention,” Upenieks said. “It is easy to see why sports can be good for those who are able to continue with it to adulthood,” Upenieks said. “The longer that youth are exposed to a positive and encouraging sporting environment, the more likely they are to develop habits that are conducive to longterm mental well-being, such as a commitment to regular exercise and collaborating with others as part of a team. The fact that so many kids quit shows that organized sports often don’t provide a positive environment. But there are steps adults can take to improve that environment. For one, sports should be safe for kids. The researchers said the fact that 8% said they were abused by coaches is particularly alarming. “And the finding that nearly half of kids quit because they weren’t having fun and about a third dropped out because they felt they weren’t good enough should also be a wake-up call,” Knoester said. “We need to improve youth sports so that it supports positive experiences for everyone and makes it more enjoyable,” he said. 1. What can we say about dropping out of sports? A. It has no impact on physical health. B. It’s beneficial to mental health. C. It keeps players playing into adulthood. D. It is worse for mental health than never playing. 2. What is one of the main reasons for kids dropping out of sports? A. They don’t get joy from exercise. B. They prefer individual activities. C. They are not physically fit enough. D. They are not academically related. 3. What is key to improving the youth sports environment? A. Reducing the number of coaches. B. Adding fun to youth sports. C. Changing the rules of sports. D. Providing more training partners. 4. What is a suitable title for the text? A. The Reason Why Kids Quit Sports B. The Benefits and Drawbacks of Playing Youth Sports C. The Impact of Youth Sports on Long-Term Mental Health D. Challenges and Solutions for Improving Youth Sports Programs 【03】（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Have you ever walked into a room and forgotten why you went in there, or been about to speak but suddenly realized you had no idea what you were going to say? The human brain normally balances countless thoughts and actions, but sometimes, it seems to short-circuit. To figure out why, we have to look into what really happens when we forget what we were just thinking about. It’s important to know two different types of memory: long-term and working memory. Long-term memories are a broad category of memories that involve knowledge and experiences stored in the brain for extended periods. On the other hand, thoughts in working memory, whose certain characteristics are likely to explain why we forget, flash through the mind for only seconds at a time. First, working memory has very limited capacity. People can hold only about four to seven “chunks” of information—such as letters or phrases—in their working memory at a time. Rather than being aware of all of these “chunks” simultaneously (同时地), the brain bounces around from one idea to another, making it more likely that one gets neglected. Second, the brain quickly erases unimportant things from working memory to make room for new information. So unless those short-term memories are transferred into long-term memories, they’re soon gone from conscious thought. Because the brain isn’t actually capable of multitasking, it has to “juggle” different thoughts as our working memory rushes around to different ideas, which requires conscious effort and attention. If attention becomes focused on only one of those thoughts or is diverted somewhere new, the brain loses track of the earlier thoughts. And alcohol and aging may worsen the case. To stop forgetting things, it’s advised against multitasking. When you think you’re multitasking, you’re juggling, which makes forgetting more likely. Moreover, recreating the context can help, which means going back into the room you were before. Those context clues might give the brain the extra boost it needs to reach back a few seconds in working memory and regain the thought. 1. How did the author introduce the topic? A. By making contrasts. B. By listing numbers. C. By asking questions. D. By giving background information. 2. What do we know about memory? A. Memory can’t be restored if it disappears. B. Practicıng multitasking does good to working memory. C. Working memory cannot be transferred into long-term memory. D. People’s working memory capability varies with different life stages. 3. What does the underlined word “juggle” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Balance. B. Present. C. Master. D. Attain. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Two types of memory B. Improving our memory C. What did I come in for? D. How does our memory work? 【04】（24-25高三上·河南安阳·期中）A new study published in the journal Science Advances finds that AI enhances creativity by boosting the novelty of story ideas as well as the “usefulness” of stories - their ability to engage the target audience and potential for publication. It finds that AI “professionalizes” stories, making them more enjoyable, more likely to have plot twists, better written and less boring. The researchers assigned the 300 study participants to three groups: one group was allowed no AI help, a second group could use ChatGPT to provide a single three-sentence starting idea, and writers in the third group could choose from up to five AI-generated ideas for their inspiration. They then organized 600 people to judge how good the stories were, assessing them for novelty - whether the stories did something new or unexpected - and “usefulness” - how appropriate they were for the target audience, and whether the ideas could be developed and potentially published. They found that writers with the most access to AI experienced the greatest gains to their creativity, their stories scoring 9% higher for novelty compared with stories written without AI. Writers who used up to five AI-generated ideas also scored higher for emotional characteristics, producing stories that were better written, more enjoyable, less boring and funnier. The researchers evaluated the writers’ creativity using a Divergent Association Task (DAT) and found that more creative writers - those with the highest DAT scores - benefited least from generative AI ideas. Conversely, less creative writers saw a greater increase in creativity. The researchers also calculated how similar the stories were to each other. They found a 10.7% increase in similarity between writers whose stories used one generative AI-idea, compared with the group that didn’t use AI. Anil Doshi, Assistant Professor at the UCL School of Management said, “While these results point to an increase in individual creativity, there is a risk of losing collective novelty. If the publishing industry were to embrace more generative AI-inspired stories, our findings suggest that the stories would become less unique and more similar to each other.” 1. Which aspect of the AI-assisted stories were assessed in the study? A. Universality and availability. B. Originality and practicality. C. Creativity and specialization. D. Similarity and integrity. 2. What might the underlined word “Conversely” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Sure enough. B. In conclusion. C. On the contrary. D. As a result. 3. What is Anil Doshi’s attitude towards AI-inspired stories? A. Objective. B. Indifferent. C. Favorable. D. Ambiguous. 4. What can be a suitable title for the passage? A. AI Is Being Used to Create Novel Stories B. AI Is Becoming a Threat to Human Writers C. AI Can Help to Improve People’s Writing Skills D. AI Can Boost the Creativity of Stories but Pays a Price 【05】（24-25高三上·河北保定·期中）For the precise timekeeper, only an atomic clock will do. While the best quartz (石英) timepieces will lose a millisecond every six weeks, an atomic clock might not lose a thousandth of one in a decade. Such devices are accurate enough to drive everything from GPS and the internet to stock-market trading. However, researchers are now working on a successor: the nuclear clock. Ekkehard Peik, a pioneer in the field, says such a clock could be 1,000 times more accurate than today’s atomic clocks. Atomic clocks work by exciting the electrons around an atom’s nucleus (原子核) with incoming radiation of a specific frequency, with each wave cycle corresponding to a “tick.” Nuclear clocks would function similarly but would use the transitions of neutrons and protons (中子和质子) inside the nucleus. The most promising candidate nucleus is thorium-229, which uniquely, has a nuclear transition that lasers (激光) should be able to activate. The exact frequency at which this occurs, however, has long been unknown. Researchers Chuankun Zhang and Jun Ye, from the University of Colorado in Boulder, bypassed this challenge by developing a custom-built laser capable of generating a range of frequencies around the expected transition point. When they fired it at the target, one particular light stream matched the nuclear transition frequency. Although the system needs optimization, Zhang says, “It’s the first demonstration that all the components of a nuclear clock are here.” Because atomic clocks are already more than accurate enough for most practical uses, scientists are not aiming to replace them. Instead, they are more interested in the advantages of having two independent methods for measuring time, as beyond precise timekeeping, nuclear clocks could have broader applications in fundamental physics. One potential use is in testing Einstein’s theory of relativity, which suggests, among other things, that clocks should tick more slowly in stronger gravitational fields. If nuclear clocks show any differences in their response compared to atomic clocks under such conditions, it could motivate a rethinking of these well-established theories. 1. What do we know about atomic clocks? A. They are less accurate than quartz timepieces. B. They are accurate enough for nearly all practical uses today. C. The difference between atomic and quartz clocks is insignificant. D. They are not reliable enough for technologies like GPS or stock trading. 2. What breakthrough did Chuankun Zhang and Jun Ye achieve? A. They predicted the exact frequency of the thorium-229 nu clear transition. B. They discovered a new type of nuclear transition in thorium-229. C. They built a laser to target frequencies near the transition point. D. They used a microwave-based laser to measure the thorium-229 transition. 3. The text suggests that Einstein’s theories of relativity might need revision if ______. A. atomic clocks stop working accurately in strong gravity B. nuclear clocks prove to be more accurate than atomic clocks C. scientists discover a new force beyond the nuclear and electromagnetic forces D. nuclear clocks tick differently in strong gravity compared to atomic clocks 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. The End of Atomic Time: A New Clock Redefining Precision B. The New Age of Timekeeping: From Quartz to Atomic Clocks C. The Nuclear Revolution: A Clock That Changed Our Understanding of Time D. The Test of Time: A New Clock Challenging the Laws of Physics 【06】（24-25高三上·湖北·阶段练习）Auntie Ngeam is one of a third generation of indigo craftswomen (靛蓝工匠) in a family from the Phuan, a people known for their handmade textiles (纺织品). A large Phuan community settled in Phrae in northern Thailand in the late 19th century and brought their indigo craftsmanship with them. Auntie Ngeam took over a small business from her parents more than 30 years ago and has played a key role in updating Thailand’s indigo clothing over the past decade. “Every shop on the street had plain blue shirts, so I started thinking about how I could stand out,” she says. “I tried using indigo to tie-dye (扎染) modern clothes.” Now in Thai markets across the country, the indigo tie-dyed clothes have become a phenomenon. Auntie Ngeam also works together with the local government to promote the local indigo industry via tie-dye workshops among tourists. For the past six years, the town has hosted the Phrae Craft festival, showing small, independent indigo craftsmen’s work. The festival is run by Nanthanit Boyd, a former student of Auntie Ngeam’s. Today, Boyd is pushing the boundaries of indigo textile fashion, bringing designs to the world stage. With the increasing acceptance of indigo craftsmanship among young people, intergenerational indigo businesses have become ubiquitous in Phrae. Banmatjai Indigo Workshop is one of such growing businesses, which was opened by the women of the Suchanok family 10 years ago, when the eldest daughter Chidchanok Suchanok returned home after graduation. “I wondered why my generation wasn’t appreciating indigo,” Chidchanok says. “It’s our heritage and a local resource.” Phrae has been reborn as a craft center, bringing more jobs to the locals and attracting both domestic and international travelers. “The creativity is already here; all we need to do is make it shine brighter so people can see it,” says Boyd. 1. What can we learn about Auntie Ngeam? A. She enjoys touring all over the country. B. She is the founder of her family business. C. She pioneers the indigo tie-dyed clothes. D. She is in charge of the Phrae Craft festival. 2. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Private. B. Widespread. C. Challenging. D. Conservative. 3. What can be inferred about the indigo industry from Boyd’s words? A. It unites the local communities. B. It guarantees the locals a richer life. C. It deserves to be further promoted. D. It appeals to the younger generation. 4. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. Rapid Development of Phrae’s Tourism B. Exploration of the History of Indigo Industry C. Revolutionary Progress: the Tomorrow of Phrae D. From Tradition to Trend: Phrae’s Indigo Industry 【07】（24-25高三上·江苏无锡·期中）Experiments on rats show that mixing energy drinks with alcohol can cause long-term problems with cognitive (认知的) function, adding to concerns over young adults drinking habits. The study was carried out by a team from the University of Cagliari, and groups of male adolescent rats being given alcohol, energy drinks, or a mixture of both. Various standard experiments were then used to assess cognitive function - including brain scans and behavioral tests - up to 53 days after drinking. These tests revealed that the animals consuming the mixed drinks showed enduring changes in their ability to learn and remember and changes in the hippocampus (海马体) - a part of the brain responsible for learning and memory. Alcohol and energy drinks are popular with young people for various reasons, and the effects from this study are that these habits could cause some long-term harm. In particular, it seems that hippocampus plasticity could be affected, damaging the brain’s ability to adapt and change in response to new information and demands. While the rats on alcohol and energy drinks initially showed a boost in certain brain functions. these benefits didn’t last, and over time and into adulthood there was a decline in brain capability. The results show that alcohol mixed with energy drinks consumption during the preadoleseent period produces adaptive hippocampal changes at the electrophysiological and molecular levels. associated with changes in behavior, which are already detectable during adolescence and persist in adulthood. These results still need to be confirmed in human studies, and there’re likely differences between sexes due to hormone interactions that weren’t explored in this study. But health concerns over energy drinks are justified. Alcohol has plenty of effects in health, and it’s well-known that mixing the two together in any kind of significant way isn’t the best idea. Overall, the analysis of the whole set of data obtained suggests that alcohol mixed with energy drinks, during adolescence, may have results that are not necessarily the sum of those observed with alcohol or energy drinks alone and permanently affect hippocampal plasticity. 1. How was the study carried out? A. By observing rats’ various behaviors on the spot. B. By comparing rats’ reactions on different occasions. C. By collecting previous data of rats of different kinds D. By measuring the cognitive influences on the tested rats. 2. What does the underlined word “enduring” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Minor. B. Instant. C. Lasting. D. Unnoticeable 3. What can we learn from the study? A. Mixed drinks initially do great damage to rats’ brains. B. Great sex differences have been detected in rats so far. C. Human subjects have not been involved in the process D. The hippocampal and behavioral changes don’t last long. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Adolescent Rats Experimented, Great Concerns Aroused B. More Energy Drinks Consumed, More Health Effects Noted C. Healthy Diet Habits Adopted, Behavioral Patterns Improved D. Energy Drinks Mixed with Alcohol, Brain Functions Affected 【08】（24-25高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）A strange sound called “biotwang” was first heard bouncing around the Mariana Trench 10 years ago, and scientists have finally figured out where it comes from. Recorded by microphones deep in the ocean, the unexplained sound — a low, loud moan (哼声) followed by a mechanical echo, like a frog burping (打嗝) in space — thundered through a computer speaker about a decade ago. Confused researchers called it the “biotwang”. “You’ve got this low-frequency portion, like a moan,” says Lauren Harrell, a data scientist at Google Research’s AI for Social Good, adding her own impression of a hearty sigh. “Then you have the higher-frequency component that sounds, to me, like an outer planet spacecraft — the ‘bip boo, bip boo’ sound.” Confirming which marine animal makes a strange noise isn’t easy, though: it requires a person on a boat to see and identify the source at exactly the same time the sound is heard. “It takes a lot of time, a lot of effort and a fair amount of luck,” Allen says. An international team headed by Allen, marine biologist from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, and Harrell conducted a collaborative research in 2020. While surveying whales off the Mariana Islands, Allen and other researchers saw a mysterious species called the Bryde’s whale 10 times. These whales are spread out far across the huge open ocean, so it’s hard for scientists to observe or study them. On nine of the occasions that Bryde’s whales turned up, the researchers also heard the biotwang. “Once, it’s a coincidence,” Allen says. “Twice is happenstance. Nine times, it’s definitely a Bryde’s whale.” After identifying the source, they reviewed years of audio data from underwater hydrophones to find out where this specific whale sound had previously been heard. “Once scientists know where and when these whales travel,” Harrell says, “AI models could connect that data to climate and environmental factors and thus support protection efforts.” The technology isn’t perfect, though. “These algorithms (算法) can only search for a frequency they know,” says Harrell. “The Bryde’s whale vocalizations change over time and between populations. But because the tools are open-source, other scientists can use them to discover more about whale language. We seem to be so disconnected from, or simply have no access to this amazing underwater world of sound,” he says. “I think it’s about time that we change that.” 1. Why is it difficult to identify the source of biotwang? A. Because years of audio data need to be analyzed. B. Because enough time and a right moment are a must. C. Because researchers lack a knowledge of marine animals. D. Because biotwang alternates with low and high frequency 2. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Who solved the biotwang mystery. B. When the Bryde’s whale usually appeared. C. How the source of biotwang was determined. D. Why the Bryde’s whale was difficult to observe. 3. What is Harrell’s attitude toward their team’s discovery? A. Ambiguous. B. Objective. C. Unconcerned. D. Disapproving. 4. What can be the suitable title for the passage? A. Mystery of Biotwang Finally Solved B. AI Algorithms Applied in Biotwang Research C. Singer of the Deep Ocean — Bryde’s Whale D. Protection of the Deep Ocean — A Long Way to Go 【09】（24-25高三上·河北石家庄·期中）In recent times, with the advent of electric cars, the idea to fuel them with solar energy also gained momentum. Electric cars—even though they run on electricity and don’t use fossil fuels—are still NOT GREEN! People suffer from the misconception that not using fossil fuel means “green” which is kind of absurd, considering the electricity we use is generated by burning the very same fuels! However, what if your car had solar panels that could charge it? Now that would indeed be a green machine! Basically, as much as we would like to incorporate this energy source into our car, the efficiency of the currently used solar panels is subject to the fulfillment of different criteria. Firstly, solar panels occupy a large amount of area. An average car has an area of 10-25 sq. ft. on the roof. which can generate between 50-150 W under ideal conditions. This is hardly enough power to illuminate a light bulb! Also, moderate sunny temperature needs to be ideal, as extremely high temperatures can reduce the efficiency of the solar panels. Cars must work in all weather conditions, so if a solar panel limits the car’s functionality, it becomes practically useless. More importantly, the cost of the panels and development required to power the electronics using the sun’s energy outweighs the benefits that solar panels provide. Most cars today that have solar roofs, use the solar energy to power only a few basic functions of the car. While there is still time before we will be able to drive cars fully powered by solar energy, there are some alternatives, such as solar power stations, which are being designed to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels for electricity. Solar-powered vehicles are surely the future, but not the near future. As the cost of solar panels continues to fall and their efficiency increases, things will begin to look much “brighter” for this alternative and sustainable option! 1. Why aren’t electric cars environmentally friendly? A. They won’t work as well as the common cars. B. They are not powered by solar energy. C. They run on electricity produced by burning fuels. D. They cause more pollution to the world. 2. What can we learn from the third paragraph? A. Temperatures have little effect on solar panels. B. Powering the electronics costs little. C. A car’s roof generates enough power to light a bulb. D. The performance of current solar panels depends on various factors. 3. What can we infer about solar energy in the car industry? A. Most cars have solar roofs. B. Cars can be currently powered from solar power stations. C. Cars partly powered by solar energy are on the road. D. Solar cars will soon be available. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. What do solar cars look like? B. Why don’t we power the car with solar energy? C. How do solar cars work? D. Could solar cars replace the electric cars? 【10】（24-25高三上·北京海淀·期中）Humans have long gained pleasure from the smells of the natural world. For the most part, though, human beings are not their target market. For plants, fragrances are a way to interact with insects and other animals. Their attraction for people happens simply by chance. In chemical terms, most natural fragrances are made up of volatiles — so called because of their tendency to change states suddenly. Volatiles evaporate easily, drifting into noses. In plants’ reproductive processes, smelly volatiles attract pollinators (授粉昆虫). But their natural applications are much more varied. If an insect chews through the leaves of some Bursera plants, out shoots a sticky, smelly liquid to trap it. Coyote tobacco plants are even more crafty: upon sensing the smell of hungry caterpillars, they produce volatiles that attract predators to kill the pests. What is truly amazing is just how wily plants can be in using their scents for reproduction. White flowers often emit their scent at night to attract nocturnal pollinators such as moths. They produce a dilute nectar (稀释的花蜜) that encourages moths to keep moving, rather than linger at a single bloom—all the better to increase pollination. Other flowers change their fragrance after being successfully pollinated, as a signal for insects to go elsewhere. But though “Scent” is a story of plants’ cleverness, it is also a tale of the human kind. People have long used fragrances for their own purposes, particularly for use in religious ceremonies: perfume recipes on the walls of an Egyptian temple in Edfu demonstrate just how long ingredients have been mixed in pursuit of the best blend. So highly prized were some scents that, to scare off competitors, Arab traders spread a legend about giant eagles that guarded cinnamon. Eventually scientists no longer needed natural sources for fragrances. In 1866 a fragrance molecule was produced for the first time. Sixteen years later, Houbigant Parfum released Fougère Royale, the first “modern fantasy perfume” that creates an imaginary scent rather than copying a natural one. Nowadays fragrance–making is dominated by man–made compounds, which can be reliably and affordably produced in large quantities. That has led to the mass production of smelly products, from toilet paper to toothpaste. Scent is accordingly big business. It is said that a world–famous fragrance and flavour manufacturer that claims people interact with its products up to 30 times a day, had sales of €3.8bn last year. 1. According to Paragraph 1 and 2, which would the author agree with? A. Some plants might kill the pests with their smells. B. Fragrance is a tool for plants to protect themselves. C. People interact with nature easily through fragrance. D. Fragrances are less important to humans than to animals and insects. 2. What does the underlined word “prized” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. Developed. B. Rewarded. C. Mixed. D. Valued. 3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Humans do not use fragrances as purposefully as plants do. B. Natural sources for fragrances will be out of date in the future. C. Plants use fragrances to both attract and send away pollinators. D. Man–made fragrances have to be produced by copying natural ones. 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Plants Smell, Insects Prey B. Smartness behind Fragrance C. Fragrance: To Make or Not to Make D. Fragrance Connects Human & Nature 【11】（24-25高三上·辽宁沈阳·期中）Society tells us we should socialise to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest. These days, we’re almost always connected, whether in person or through our phone screens and online social networks. But there’s something to be said for solitude(独处), “Being alone doesn’t necessarily mean being lonely”. In fact, spending time by yourself is an essential element of self-care. Around the globe different cultures have wide-ranging perspectives on what it means to spend time alone. If you live or have spent time in the United States, you’re probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude. For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game nights to drinking at bars and everything in between. The United States isn’t the only place where you’ll find a heavy emphasis on social time. Across the Atlantic, the United Kingdom is known for being an extremely extroverted(外向型的)country. A survey of Brits found that more than half had never done and would be unwilling to do activities like going to theme parks or seeing live music alone. Most Brits spend almost twice as much of their leisure time socialising with others as they do being alone. The home can be a place of rest, relaxation and recharge—that is, if you live by yourself or have the space to be alone in your home. The country in which people are least likely to live alone is India, at about 4 percent of the population. China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these, many aspects of life are related to community. Thus, spending time alone isn’t as ingrained(根深蒂固的)as a social convention in places like these, and the good of the group takes priority over the needs of one person. 1. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. People can benefit more from solitude. B. People tend to socialise more nowadays. C. Being alone generally equals being lonely. D. Being alone enables people to be carefree. 2. Which of the following best describes young Americans? A. Imaginative and wild. B. Responsible and energetic. C. Optimistic and dutiful. D. Outgoing and sociable. 3. Why are most Chinese people more likely to live together? A. Because they share a specific culture. B. Because they lack some local customs. C. Because they possess enough home space. D. Because they give priority to their own needs. 4. What’s the best title for the passage? A. The Essence of Self-care B. Enjoy Solitude, Enjoy Yourself C. The Functions of Different Cultures D. The Perspectives on Solitude 试卷第2页，共43页 11 / 17 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$