训练 31 阅读理解(说明文篇专练)-2025初中英语中考题型汇编高分训练(全国通用)

2025初中英语中考题型汇编高分训练(全国通用) 训练 31 阅读理解(说明文篇专练) (一) By studying the connection between the sense of humor and death, some researchers found that women with a strong sense of humor lived longer, although they had some illnesses such as heart problems and infection (感染) and that happy men seemed to be protected against infection. The researchers reported the findings from a 15-year study among 53,556 women and men in their country. The findings showed that for women, those who had high scores on a humorous way of thinking had a 48% lower risk of death from all causes. These women also had a 73% lower risk of death from heart problems and an 83% lower risk of death from infection. For men, a connection was found only for the risk of death from infection—those with high humor scores had a 74% lower risk. The researchers said the differences between women and men could be caused by a small fall in humor scores as the men grew older. “The humorous way of thinking may affect the way people deal with things,” said the co-researcher Sven Svebak. “It may help reduce fighting in people’s daily life.” Although the sense of humor is natural, it can also be developed through social activities. “I think that children whose parents have no sense of humor are less likely to develop their sense of humor when they grow up,” Sven Svebak said. “But if you had a humorless childhood, never fear—studies show people can learn to be humorous at any age.” 1．The study is mainly about ________. A．the connection between the sense of humor and death B．the influence of humor on people’s ways of thinking C．the ways of developing children’s sense of humor D．the influence of humor on people’s social skills 2．The writer shows the study findings by ________. A．giving examples B．using numbers C．asking questions D．having discussions 3．What does the underlined word “affect” in the third paragraph mean?________ A．Check. B．Prevent. C．Control. D．Influence. 4．Which of the following would Sven Svebak agree with?________ A．It’s never too late to learn to be humorous. B．Children must learn to be humorous at an early age. C．Parents’ sense of humor has no influence on their children. D．The humorous way of thinking can help people win a fight. 5．What is the best title for this passage?________ A．The Key to Humor B．More Fun, Less Work C．Be More Humorous, Live Longer D．The Power of Being Hopeful 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了幽默感与死亡之间的联系，发现具有强烈幽默感的女性寿命更长，即使她们患有心脏病和感染等病症，而快乐的男人似乎能抵御感染。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“By studying the connection between the sense of humor and death, some researchers found that women with a strong sense of humor lived longer…”可知，该研究主要是关于幽默感和死亡之间的联系。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The researchers reported the findings from a 15-year study among 53, 556 women and men in their country. The findings showed that for women, those who had high scores on a humorous way of thinking had a 48% lower risk of death from all causes. These women also had a 73% lower risk of death from heart problems and an 83% lower risk of death from infection.”可知，作者通过给出具体的数字来展示研究结果。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“The humorous way of thinking may affect the way people deal with things”以及后文“It may help reduce fighting in people’s daily life.”可知，幽默的思维方式可能会影响人们处理事情的方式，它可能有助于减少人们在日常生活中的争斗。因此，affect在此处的意思是“影响”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But if you had a humorless childhood, never fear—studies show people can learn to be humorous at any age.”可知，Sven Svebak认为学习幽默感并不晚。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。根据文章第一段“By studying the connection between the sense of humor and death, some researchers found that women with a strong sense of humor lived longer…”以及后文内容可知，文章主要讲述了幽默感与寿命之间的联系，即更加幽默的人可能活得更长。因此，C选项“更加幽默，活得更长”最符合文章主旨。故选C。 (二) People often use their mouth and also some body language to talk with each other. When we have good news, we want to talk about it with our good friends and when something bad happens, we make it known to others soon. But do you know that some trees can also talk about news with each other? Of course, no trees move lips and say words just as people do. It may sound strange, but some trees really try to talk with each other in other ways. Willows (柳树) are the best-known of these trees. When insects begin biting a willow, the tree ends out a special smell at once. This smell tells the other willows that harmful insects are coming near. All of them quickly make a chemical in their leaves. This chemical is bad for the insects. The insects do not like it and will fly away soon. In this way, the willows protect themselves from the insects. The next time when you take a walk in the woods, maybe the trees are talking to each other quietly. How magical nature is! 1．From Paragraph 1 we can know ________. A．few people like using the body language to talk with each other B．some trees can say words just as people do C．when some bad things happen,we d on’t want to tell others D．some trees can talk with each other in other ways 2．A willow uses ________to talk. A．its smell B．its leaves C．its branches D．its fruit 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Some trees can talk about news as people do. B．Willows can make the insects fly away by sending out a special smell. C．The willow’s talk can catch the insects. D．The chemical in willows’ leaves is bad for insects. 4．The underlined word “it” refers to ________ in Paragraph 2. A．the leave B．the chemical C．the tree D．the insect 5．Where can we read this passage? A．In a storybook. B．In a science book. C．In a travel guide. D．In a sports magazine. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一个冷门的科学知识，柳树和人一样可以树叶间相互交流，当发现有害昆虫时，它们能利用树叶制作化学物质，让有害昆虫飞走。 1．细节理解题。根据“It may sound strange, but some trees really try to talk with each other in other ways.”可知，一些树真的可以用其他方式进行交流。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“When insects begin biting a willow, the trees end out a special smell at once. This smell tells the other willows that harmful insects are coming near. ”可知,柳树是通过散发一股神奇的香味来进行相互交流的，比如有害虫来时，柳树就通过散发香气提醒彼此要提防有害的昆虫。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“All of them quickly make a chemical in their leaves. This chemical is bad for the insects.”可知，柳树树叶上的化学成分对昆虫有害。故选D。 4．词义猜测题。根据上一句话“This chemical is bad for the insects.”可知，昆虫不喜欢的其实就是柳树叶制造出来的化学物质，所以，下划线it指的是化学物质。故选B。 5．判断推理题。根据“”It may sound strange, but some trees really try to talk with each other in other ways.”和“When insects begin biting a willow, the tree sends out a special smell at once.This smell tells the other willows that harmful insects are coming near.”及结合全文可知，这是说柳树通过树叶交流，利用树叶制作化学物质，让有害昆虫飞走的故事，有点偏科学，所以我们能从科学书上读到这篇文章。故选B。 (三) During ancient times, children didn’t have smartphones, iPads or computers to have fun when they felt bored. Instead, they came up with interesting activities in their childhood. Have you ever joined in these activities? Kicking stone balls During the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular game in the northern part of China, and it was often played in winter to keep warm. People could not only have fun, but also do exercise. Playing hide-and-seek Hide-and-seek was popular for children around the nation. There were some ways to play this game: covering a child’s eyes while other kids ran around to play little tricks on him, or more commonly, others hid and one child must try to find them. Flying kites Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood instead of paper. The three most famous kites were the Beijing kite, the Tianjin kite and the Weifang kite. Each had its own characteristics. For example, the bird-shaped kite with long wings was a spacial kind of the Beijing kite. Watching shadow (影子) plays The closest thing to watching a film during ancient times was going to see a shadow play. The artists controlled puppets (木偶) behind the screen and told stories to the music. 1．According to the passage, ________ is popular in the northern part of China. A．kicking stone balls B．playing hide- and- seek C．flying kites D．watching shadow plays 2．How many ways are mentioned in the passage to play hide- and- seek? A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4. 3．From the passage, we can know that the earliest kites were made of ________. A．paper B．wood C．iron D．cloth 4．If children in ancient China wanted to “watch a film”, they could choose _________. A． B． C． D． 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．Activities for children in the ancient times. B．Ways to do exercise and have fun. C．Ancient culture behind games. D．How to play jokes on others. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了古代中国儿童在没有智能手机、iPad或电脑等现代娱乐设备的情况下，所参与的几种有趣的活动，包括踢石球、玩捉迷藏、放风筝和看皮影戏等。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“During the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular game in the northern part of China, and it was often played in winter to keep warm.”可知，在清朝时期，踢石球在中国北方是一种流行的游戏，并且经常在冬天玩以保持温暖。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“There were some ways to play this game: covering a child’s eyes while other kids ran around to play little tricks on him, or more commonly, others hid and one child must try to find them.”可知，玩捉迷藏的方式有两种：一种是蒙住一个孩子的眼睛，其他孩子在他周围跑来跑去捉弄他；另一种更常见的方式是其他人藏起来，一个孩子必须努力找到他们。因此，文中提到了两种玩捉迷藏的方式。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood instead of paper.”可知，风筝有很长的历史，最早的风筝是用木头而不是纸做的。因此，最早的风筝是用木头制成的。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The closest thing to watching a film during ancient times was going to see a shadow play.”可知，在古代，最接近看电影的事情就是去看皮影戏。因此，如果古代中国的孩子们想“看电影”，他们可以选择去看皮影戏。选项D的图片是皮影戏，故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章开头“During ancient times, children didn’t have smartphones, iPads or computers to have fun when they felt bored. Instead, they came up with interesting activities in their childhood.”以及后续对几种古代儿童活动的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了古代中国儿童在没有现代娱乐设备的情况下所参与的几种有趣的活动。故选A。 (四) How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a mobile phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different ways of telling the time. About 5500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock. This was a tall stone building. Its shadow (影子) showed the movement of the sun. So people were able to know midday. The Egyptians made a sundial about 3500 years ago. It was smaller than the sun clock and could let people know the time for half a day. On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial. Water clocks were the first clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows (流动) from one bottle to another. When the water reaches a certain level, it shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China. But they failed to make people know the exact time. In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more exact, but it was expensive to make one. Over the next few centuries, it was developed. For example, springs (发条) were added around 1500. This enabled people to get the correct time and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1927, the first quartz watch was developed. Clocks became cheaper to make. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on. More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites send our mobile phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change. Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not being late for school or work. 1．According to the passage, we can’t use a ________ tell the time on a rainy day. A．water clock B．sun clock C．digital clock 2．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “ordinary” in the third paragraph? A．现代的 B．特殊的 C．普通的 3．How many kinds of clocks are mentioned in the passage? A．Four. B．Six. C．Seven. 4．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage?（①＝Paragraph 1②＝Paragraph 2. . . ） A． B． C． 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The importance of time. B．The development of timekeeping. C．The inventions of clocks. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了人类对时间测量技术的发展历程。从古代埃及的日晷到机械钟，再到现代的数字钟，描述了时间计量工具的演变及其对人们生活的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.”可知，日晷在阴天无法使用。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Clocks became cheaper to make. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock.”可知，钟表制作成本降低，普通人也可以拥有，这表明“ordinary”意思为普通的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。文中提到了六种计时装置：sun clock, sundial, water clock, mechanical clock, quartz watch, digital clock。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第1段引入计时，2、3段讲述古代计时方法的发展，第4段讲述现代计时工具。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了计时工具的演变及其发展过程。故选B。 (五) On the side of a road in a nature reserve in Northwest China’s Qinghai Province,tourists might see a fat wolf. It wags (摇摆) its tail and shows its belly (肚子) in front of the passing cars in the hope of getting a meal. However, it was nothing but skin and bones a few months ago. It’s said that the old hungry wolf was kicked out of the wolf pack because of its poor hunting ability. But that all changed after a driver gave it two pies and shared a video of it online in July, 2023. Because of the video, the wolf became a superstar and a lot of people came to the area to provide it with food. Since then, the wolf has given up hunting and turned to passers-by for snacks that are often high in oil, sugar and salt such as pies and roasted chicken. While some people are joking that the wolf looks like a pet dog, others express their worries about the wolf. Some scientists are calling on the public to stop feeding it. The wolf is losing its ability to survive in nature, which is fatal (致命的) to the wild animal. “In nature, animals are born and die. They have their own laws of survival,” said Dai Qiang, an animal researcher. He also points out the risks of feeding wild animals. Wild animals, especially those that get hurt, carry disease-causing bacteria (细菌), and getting too close to the animals like wild wolves can also be dangerous. Qi Xinzhang, deputy director of Xining Wildlife Park, mentioned, “It is a good thing that the event has caught people’s attention. If a wild wolf needs help, it should be reported to the forestry (林业) department. Casual (随意的) feed ing should be avoided. Only when people have a better knowledge of wildlife can they care about a wildlife in the right way.” 1．Why does the wolf appear in front of passing drivers? A．To ask for some food. B．To make a video with them. C．To drive them out of its area. D．To show them its hunting ability. 2．The underlined words “skin and bones” mean “________” in English. A．very cute B．very lonely C．very helpless D．very thin 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．A wild wolf makes friends with humans. B．A wild wolf depends on humans for food. C．A wild wolf shows a great interest in passing cars. D．An old hungry wolf was kicked out of the wolf pack. 4．Which statement would Dai Qiang most probably agree with? A．People are so kind to wild animals. B．People shouldn’t feed wild animals with unhealthy food. C．Feeding wild animals can help them to survive in nature. D．Feeding wild animals can cause harm to both wild animals and people. 5．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To tell people not to break the laws of nature. B．To invite people to visit the nature reserve. C．To share knowledge of wildlife with people. D．To explain how to feed wild animals properly. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要通过对比可可西里狼的变化告诉人们关心野生动物要适度，过分喂养有时会对动物和自己造成伤害。 1．细节理解题。根据“It wags its tail and shows its belly in front of the passing cars in the hope of getting a meal.”可知，狼站在汽车面前是为了要食物，故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“However, it was nothing but skin and bones a few months ago. It’s said that the old hungry wolf was kicked out of the wolf pack because of its poor hunting ability.”可知，这只狼的捕猎能力很差，所以它应该是瘦的皮包骨头，因此skin and bones意为“皮包骨头”，也就是说这只狼非常瘦。故选D。 3．段落大意题。根据“On the side of a road in a nature reserve in Northwest China’s Qinghai Province, tourists might see a fat wolf.”并通读本段可知该段主要是介绍这只被人类喂胖的野狼，B项表示“野狼依赖人类提供食物”，符合文意，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“He also points out the risks of feeding wild animals. Wild animals,especially those that get hurt, carry disease-causing bacteria, and getting too close to the animals like wild wolves can also be dangerous.”可知，他觉得喂养野生动物有风险，D项表示“喂养野生动物会对野生动物和人类造成伤害”，符合文意，故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“If a wild wolf needs help, it should be reported to the forestry department. Casual feed ing should be avoided. Only when people have a better knowledge of wildlife can they care about a wildlife in the right way.”并结合全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉人们应该以正确的方式关爱野生动物，不应人为干预动物生存法则，A项表示“不要违反自然法则”，符合文意。故选A。 (六) Whether from news or social articles, you may know that 5G is coming. 5G is the 5th generation (代) network. It’s a new network after 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and it can connect everyone and everything together. 5G networks will cover many cities in China soon. 5G means super-fast data (数据) speed, one can download a two-hour movie for fewer than 10 seconds, and it is making our lives much easier. 5G will make self-driving cars possible. For safety, self-driving cars needs super-fast data transmission (传输) to communicate with their nearby environment. 5G is just what makes self-driving cars achieve this. Airplanes will become “smart” in the near future. Passengers will be able to use 5G networks in the air to order food and drinks on the Internet. 5G will be big help for students who take online classes. Many people live in poor areas in the world where there are no schools. But with 5G, this will change. Students all over the world will be able to see places like the Great Wall without leaving their rooms. It will be also easier for doctors to treat patients remotely by 5G. It means caring for patients from far away. The facts listed above are only a part of what 5G will make possible and popular. Just as in the early days of the Internet in the 1990s, few could see how it could change the world. The same will surely be true of 5G. With 5G, many things do not seem like dreams anymore. Now let’s get ready to say goodbye to 4G and welcome the coming of 5G. 1．The underline words “remotely” means ________. A．快速地 B．高效地 C．远程地 D．科学地 2．According to the passage, 5G will make ________ possible in people’s life. ①self-driving cars  ②“smart” airplanes  ③online classes  ④hospitals without doctors A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 3．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To show 5G is perfect. B．To give an introduction of 5G. C．To call on people to use 5G. D．To explain how 5G becomes popular. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要向我们介绍了5G的一些优势。 1．词句猜测题。根据“It will be also easier for doctors to treat patients remotely by 5G. It means caring for patients from far away.”可知，医生通过5G远程治疗病人也将变得更容易，这意味着可以照顾远方的病人，故此处remotely意为“远程地”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“5G will make self-driving cars possible.”“Airplanes will become ‘smart’ in the near future”“5G will be big help for students who take online classes.”及“It means caring for patients from far away.”可知，5G使自动驾驶汽车、“智能”飞机、在线课程以及远程治疗成为可能。故选A。 3．篇章结构题。第一段引出了5G；第二、三、四、五段介绍了5G的作用；第六段为总结。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要向我们详细介绍了5G的一些优势。故选B。 (七) Have you noticed these days the temperature is not so normal? The greenhouse effect (温室效应) is one of the reasons. How does it work? A greenhouse is a building with glass walls. In the daytime, sunlight shines into the greenhouse and warms the plants and air inside. At nighttime, it’s colder outside, but the greenhouse stays warm inside. That’s because the glass walls of the greenhouse keep the sun’s heat inside. The greenhouse effect works much the same way on Earth. Greenhouse gases in the air such as CO2 hold heat like the glass walls of a greenhouse. During the day, the sun shines and Earth’s surface warms up in the sunlight. At night, Earth’s surface cools, giving heat back into the air. But some of the heat is kept by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That’s what keeps Earth warm. How do humans influence the greenhouse effect? Human activities are changing Earth’s natural greenhouse effect. Burning fuels (燃料) like coal and petrol puts more CO2 into our atmosphere. Too much of these greenhouse gases can cause Earth’s atmosphere to hold more and more heat. What brings down the greenhouse effect on Earth? Plants can help a lot. All plants-from big trees to tiny plants in the ocean-take in CO2 and give off O2. 1．What can a greenhouse do? A．Keep the room bright. B．Keep people warm in winter. C．Keep the temperature warm inside. 2．What is CO2 like in Earth’s natural greenhouse effect? A．The sun. B．The plants. C．The glass walls. 3．What do the arrows (箭头) in the 2nd picture show? A．Sunlight shining. B．Heat coming and going. C．Greenhouse gases leaving. 4．According to the passage, how can we deal with the greenhouse effect? A．By protecting plants in the ocean. B．By recycling as many things as we can. C．By burning fuels such as petrol and coal. 5．What’s the purpose of this passage? A．To call on us to protect Earth. B．To tell us what will happen next. C．To provide information about Earth. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了温室效应及其对地球的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“In the daytime, sunlight shines into the greenhouse and warms the plants and air inside.”可知，温室可以保持室内温度温暖。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Greenhouse gases in the air such as CO2 hold heat like the glass walls of a greenhouse.”可知，二氧化碳就像地球自然温室效应中的玻璃墙。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“During the day, the sun shines and Earth’s surface warms up in the sunlight. At night, Earth’s surface cools, giving heat back into the air.”可知，第二张图中的箭头表示热量来来去去。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“Plants can help a lot. All plants-from big trees to tiny plants in the ocean-take in CO2 and give off O2.”可知，海洋中的植物会吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气，故推出我们通过保护海洋中的植物处理温室效应。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Have you noticed these days the temperature is not so normal? The greenhouse effect (温室效应) is one of the reasons.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讨论了温室效应及其对地球的影响，故本文的目的是呼吁我们保护地球。故选A。 (八) Do you think artificial intelligence (AI) should be used in schools? Experts believe that AI tools should be safely and properly used in schools rather than be banned (禁止). Zheng Qinghua, president of Tongji University, suggested that young people should be guided to improve their understanding of the knowledge created by technology. AI technology has become increasingly important for getting and spreading knowledge, and it also influences teaching, learning and school management. Zheng mentioned many models such as Ernie Bot, an AI chatbot product of Baidu, were widely used among college students in China. The tool can write articles, solve science problems, and help students with homework and tests. Besides, a survey done by the online learning platform Study showed that 89 percent of students had used ChatGPT to help with homework. This made people worry about the bad influence of AI on education. For example, students may not be honest. Instead of simply depending on AI to provide answers or complete homework and tests, people should focus on using AI to help students improve professional skills. In this way, they can better solve real-world problems, said Zheng. According to Colin Bailey, president of Queen Mary University of London, as ChatGPT grows rapidly, the focus should not be on whether to use AI in education, but on how to use it safely, effectively, and properly. Banning AI in schools is not the solution. Bailey also warned about harm caused by poorly designed (设计的) AI. Efforts to manage AI have come out around the world. In China, some rules for managing AI services have been carried out. America and England also have had similar rules. 1．How do experts like AI tools in schools? A．Using AI tools should be stopped. B．AI tools should be used safely and properly. C．Courses about AI tools should be provided freely. 2．Why does Zheng mention the use of Ernie Bot? A．To express his worry over using AI tools in schools. B．To show AI tools greatly influence students’ learning. C．To tell us AI tools for education need to be improved. 3．According to the passage, what’s the disadvantage of using AI in education? A．Students are dishonest when doing homework. B．Students lose their professional skills and abilities. C．Students learn to poorly design AI tools by themselves. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Many countries are trying to manage AI. B．People will make a greater effort to develop AI. C．Students around the world need the same rules to use AI. 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．AI’s Role in Education B．AI’s History and Future C．AI’s Influence on Students 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲了专家认为，人工智能应在学校中安全、恰当地使用，而非被禁用。 1．细节理解题。根据“Experts believe that AI tools should be safely and properly used in schools rather than be banned (禁止).”可知，专家认为，人工智能工具应该在学校安全、正确地使用，而不是被禁止。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Zheng mentioned many models such as Ernie Bot, an AI chatbot product of Baidu, were widely used among college students in China.”可知，郑提到了许多模型，比如百度的人工智能聊天机器人“文心一言”，在中国大学生中被广泛使用。因此提到“文心一言”是为了表明人工智极大地影响学习。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“This made people worry about the bad influence of AI on education. For example, students may not be honest.”可知，在教育中使用人工智能的劣势是学生可能不诚实。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Efforts to manage AI have come out around the world.”可知，很多国家都在努力管理人工智能。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。根据“Do you think artificial intelligence (AI) should be used in schools? Experts believe that AI tools should be safely and properly used in schools rather than be banned (禁止).”可知，本文主要讲了人工智能（AI）在教育中的作用。选项A“人工智能在教育中的作用”适合作为本文的标题。故选A。 (九) As paper calendars have lost popularity, many people are turning to digital calendars on smartphones. But the creative paper calendars which have new and interesting designs and Chinese cultural elements (元素) are becoming popular again in China. Before the Spring Festival every year, the Palace Museum publishes several types of creative calendars. Of all the calendars, the calendar of 2021 is the most popular. It lists 365 collections of different types from different dynasties, specifically (明确地) showing Chinese farming culture. The collections are chosen from its over 1.4 million treasures. Another popular calendar is about traditional Chinese poems in both Chinese and English from the National Museum of China. The English calendars were translated by famous Chinese translator Xu Yuanchong. Inside them there are flower paintings by Italian painter Giuseppe Castiglionc. Both calendars of the Palace Museum and the National Museum of China introduce knowledge about Chinese culture, sharing cultural information along with historical dates. “The choice of a theme (主题) for a creative calendar is very important, requiring much effort and relatively high production cost,” said Liang Yuan, an editor. “The popularity of creative calendars also shows a change in people’s consumption as they focus more on design, which is shown in how wonderful calendars will generally sell well although their prices are high,” Liang added. The latest creative calendar of the National Museum of China is 99 yuan, while the price of the Palace Museum’s stands at 76 yuan. 1．Which of the following is specially shown in the calendar of 2021? A． B． C． 2．Why the creative calendars are popular? A．Because they are designed well with Chinese cultural elements. B．Because they are designed well and cheaper than others. C．Because they are designed by famous English designers. 3．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The collections of the Palace Museum. B．Chinese farming culture. C．The calendar of 2021 of the Palace Museum. 4．What does the underlined word “consumption” mean? A．The understanding of culture. B．The act of buying. C．The importance of saving money. 5．Where can you read the passage? A．A story book. B．A dictionary. C．A newspaper. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了故宫出版的创意日历。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Of all the calendars, the calendar of 2021 is the most popular. It lists 365 collections of different types from different dynasties, specifically showing Chinese farming culture.”可知，2021年的日历展示了中国的农耕文化。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But the creative paper calendars which have new and interesting designs and Chinese cultural elements are becoming popular again in China.”可知，具有新颖有趣的设计和中国文化元素的创意纸质日历在中国再次流行起来，因此创意日历流行是因为它们很好地融入了中国文化元素。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Of all the calendars, the calendar of 2021 is the most popular.”以及通读第二段可知，本段主要介绍了故宫博物院2021年的日历。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“which is shown in how wonderful calendars will generally sell well although their prices are high”可知，精美的创意日历虽然价格很高，但通常会卖得很好，说明人们的消费在变化；可推测出“consumption”意为“消费”，B选项“购买的行为”符合题意。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“As paper calendars have lost popularity, many people are turning to digital calendars on smartphones. But the creative paper calendars which have new and interesting designs and Chinese cultural elements are becoming popular again in China.”以及最后一段中“The latest creative calendar of the National Museum of China is 99 yuan, while the price of the Palace Museum’s stands at 76 yuan.”可知，创意日历又开始在中国流行了，并且介绍了创意日历的价格，属于时事，因此可能在报纸上看到这篇文章。故选C。 (十) In 2019, Canadians were advised to accept plant-based proteins such as beans, nuts and tofu instead of meat. “Over the past years, we’ve seen a changing food environment with more access to plant-based food. So it’s necessary to examine the nutritional (营养的) results of children following vegetarian (素食的) diets in Canada,” said Dr Jonathon Maguire, a doctor at St. Michael’s Hospital of Unity Health Toronto. Researchers tested 8,907 children in a study. The data were collected between 2008 and 2019. Children were grouped by their vegetarian status (状态)——defined as a dietary pattern that doesn’t include meat or non-vegetarian status. The researchers found children who had a vegetarian diet had similar mean body mass index (BMI), height, iron and vitamin D levels to those who ate meat. But the researchers also showed evidence (证据) that children having a vegetarian diet were nearly twice as likely to be underweight. There was no evidence of a connection with being overweight. Being underweight may be a sign that the quality of the child’s diet doesn’t meet his or her nutritional needs to support normal growth. For children who eat a vegetarian diet, the researchers stressed access to healthcare providers who can provide growth monitoring, education and guidance to support the children’s growth and nutritional intake. The plant-based dietary pattern is recognized as a healthy eating pattern because of increased intake of fruit, vegetables, whole grains and a low fat content. However, the researchers didn’t judge the quality of the vegetarian diets. There are different types of vegetarian diets, and a child’s growth and nutritional intake may be greatly affected by the diet’s quality. So further research is needed to examine the quality of vegetarian diets in childhood, as well as growth and nutritional results among children following a vegetarian diet. 1．What do we know about Canadians’ diets? A．Plant-based food can be widely found. B．Nutrition is the most important in cooking. C．Food products are more affordable than before. D．Environmentally-friendly materials are used as food sources. 2．What did the researchers find in their study? A．Vegetarian children were healthier than children eating meat. B．Children’s nutritional intake had a big effect on their intelligence. C．Children eating meat were more likely to be above normal weight. D．Vegetarian children were more likely to be below normal weight. 3．What is the researchers’ advice on caring for vegetarian children? A．Teaching them to cook by themselves. B．Having them receive medical treatment regularly. C．Asking for professional guidance on healthy diets for them. D．Creating a comfortable dining environment for them. 4．What does the writer think of the study? A．It is of no importance. B．It needs to be further carried out. C．It provides new ideas for other studies. D．It needs to be more scientific and practical. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．It is good for children to have a balanced diet. B．Canadian children have got used the plant-based dietary pattern. C．Vegetarian diets are healthier and more nutritious than meat-based diets. D．Children with a vegetarian diet have similar growth and nutrition compared to children eating meat. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要讨论了加拿大儿童的饮食习惯和营养状况，研究发现与吃肉的儿童相比，吃素食的儿童有相似的生长和营养。 1．细节理解题。根据“Over the past years, we’ve seen a changing food environment with more access to plant-based food.”可知，加拿大植物性食物随处可见。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“But the researchers also showed evidence (证据) that children having a vegetarian diet were nearly twice as likely to be underweight. There was no evidence of a connection with being overweight.”可知，研究人员在研究中发现了素食儿童更有可能低于正常体重。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“For children who eat a vegetarian diet, the researchers stressed access to healthcare providers who can provide growth monitoring, education and guidance to support the children’s growth and nutritional intake.”可知，研究者建议素食儿童寻求健康饮食的专业指导。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“However, the researchers didn’t judge the quality of the vegetarian diets. There are different types of vegetarian diets”可知，作者认为这项研究需要进一步开展。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“The researchers found children who had a vegetarian diet had similar mean body mass index (BMI), height, iron and vitamin D levels to those who ate meat. ”以及通读全文可知，本文中心思想是与吃肉的儿童相比，吃素食的儿童有相似的生长和营养。故选D。 ( 18 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$