Unit 5 Into the Wild 词汇讲义-2024-2025学年高一上学期英语外研版（2019）必修第一册

　Unit 5　Into the wild 1.seek v.寻找；寻求 seek (for) sth　寻找/追求某物 seek out 找出；搜出 seek to do sth 设法做某事 seek advice/help (from sb.) (向某人)征求意见/请求帮助 He sought out his friend in the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的朋友。 He is a man who likes seeking for wealth and power. 他是一个喜欢追求财富和权力的人。 I am always seeking to improve my teaching method. 我一直在设法改进我的教学方法。 2.measure vt.量，测量；评估 vi.有……长/宽 n.尺寸；措施 make...to one’s measure 按照某人的尺寸做(衣服等) take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事 *measure作“尺寸”讲时，常用作不可数名词；而作“措施”讲时，为可数名词，通常用复数形式。表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；如果此意义的短语作后置定语，要用现在分词形式。 It is high time that we should take some measures to protect our environment. 是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。 Education shouldn’t be__measured only by examination results. 教育不应该只通过考试结果来衡量。 The new bridge under construction, measuring twice as long as the old one, will be completed next month. 新的桥梁是老桥的两倍长，目前在建设中，将在下个月完工。 3.position n.位置；职位，地位；姿势；状况，处境 in a...position 处于……的地位/处境 in/out of position 在/不在适当的位置 hold the position of 担任……的职务 *position作先行词时，其后的定语从句多由where引导；在in/out of position短语中，position是不可数名词，前面不可用冠词。 ►写出下列句中position的含义 ①Can you find our position on this map？位置 ②My husband has a good position in a government office.职位 ③Make sure that you are working in a comfortable position.姿势 ④What would you do if in my position？状况，处境 ·The books are all out of position.Put them back in position. 这些书放的位置不对，把它们放在适当的位置。 ·At present she holds the position of sales manager in a large company. 现在她在一家大公司担任销售经理的职务。 4.determine v.测定，确定；决定，决心 determined adj.有决心的；果断的determination n. 决心，决定 determine to do sth 决心做某事(表动作) be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表状态) determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事 ·I have determined on/upon setting up my own business after graduation. 我已决定毕业后建立自己的事业。 Though Tom was stubborn, they determined__to__persuade__him__to__travel/ were__determined__to__persuade__him__to__travel together. 虽然汤姆很固执，他们决定说服他一起去旅行。 5.survive vi.活下来；幸存vt.幸免于；从……中逃生 survival n.　幸存 survivor n. 幸存者 survive sb by... 比某人多活…… survive on sth... 靠……继续维持生活 survive from 从……存活下来；从……流传下来 *survive作不及物动词，后跟介词from或on构成短语；作为及物动词，表示“幸存”时，宾语为地震、事故、袭击、疾病、霜冻等名词；表示“比某人长命”时，以人作宾语。 Scientific research shows that women tend to survive their husbands. 科学研究表明，女性往往比她们的丈夫寿命长。 ·I don’t know how you all manage to survive on your husband’s salary. 我真不知道你们只靠你丈夫的薪水是怎样生活的。 ·Several buildings in the town have survived from medieval times. 这个城镇的几个建筑是从中世纪沿袭下来的。 6.effect n.影响，结果 effective adj.　有效的 in effect 实际上，事实上 have an effect on 对……有影响/起作用 side effect 副作用 to no effect 无效的，没有作用 come into effect 生效，开始实施 cause and effect 因果 take effect 生效，起作用 This had a great effect on the future of both mother and son. 这对母子俩的将来影响很大。 The new law on drunk driving will come into effect at the start of September. 该项有关酒后驾驶的新法令将在9月初开始生效。 Playing table tennis makes me more energetic and effective(effect) in my study. 7.accommodation n.住处；工作场所；食宿；膳食供应 accommodate vt.容纳；使适应； 为……提供住宿 vi.适应 make accommodations for 为……提供食宿 accommodate to 适应 accommodate oneself to 使自己适应…… accommodate sb with sth 给某人提供某物 Most employers will make accommodations for excellent employees. 大多数雇主都会为优秀员工提供食宿。 ·Wherever he goes, he readily accommodates to/accommodates himself to the changed conditions. 无论到哪里，他都能很快地适应变化的环境。 8.variety n.多样性，变化；种类，品种 various adj.　各种各样的；不同种类的 vary v. (使)变化，不同 a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的 vary from...to... 由……到……情况不等 *“a variety of ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词使用复数； “the variety of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词使用单数。 A variety of food is sold at a supermarket.在超市，各种各样的食物均有出售。 Our customs vary from place to place.我们的风俗习惯因地而异。 9.scene n.景色，景象；场面，情景；(电影、戏剧等的)场面，片段，镜头；事发地点，现场(常用单数形式) on the scene在现场，到现场 come on the scene 出现，到场 behind the scenes 在幕后，不公开地 辨析比较 scene 指具有一定特征的各种可见的景色，常指有人活动的场面，也指事件或者事故发生的地点 sight 指“景色”，作可数名词时，往往指供人游览的“景”和“名胜”，尤指人为景物，还可表示“视野” view 指从某一角度或某一距离看到的景色，还可指观点、看法等 选词填空 ①The happy scene of children playing in the garden disappeared, and it was quiet again. ②Come and see the sights of London. ③It’s great to enjoy the wonderful views at the top of the building. 10.stare vi.凝视，盯着看 stare at sb/sth 　盯着某人/某物 stare sb up and down 上下打量某人 It’s bad manners to__stare__at__others for a long time. 长时间盯着别人看是不礼貌的。 辨析比较 stare at 指由于惊愕、羡慕而睁大眼睛凝视 glare at 指由于愤怒而瞪着眼睛看，强调怒视 glance at 指有意或无意而快速看一眼，强调扫视 ►选词填空：stare at/glare at/glance at ①The boy glared__at the thief，shouting，“Put it here.” ②He glanced__at his watch and hurried to work. ③The little boy stared__at the stranger for a few minutes before answering his questions. 11. destroy vt.毁灭，毁坏 destruction n. 摧毁，毁灭 destructive adj. 毁灭性的 destroy完全毁坏以至不能修复 damage部分损坏，可以修复，多用于短语do/cause damage to sb./sth. ruin 毁坏，糟蹋，可以指毁了某人的机会、名声、健康、未来、人生等。 还可作名词，常用复数，指废墟，搭配lie in ruins(成为废墟)。 12. observe v．观察，注意到，庆祝，遵守observer n. 观察者observation n. 观察，观测 observe sb./sth. (do sth.) 注意到某人/某物(做某事) observe sb./sth. doing sth. 注意到某人/某物正在做某事 observe that... 注意到…… *在“observe sb./sth. do sth.”结构中，用做宾语补足语的不定式不带to，但若变为被动语态，则不定式要带to。 The police observed that a man entered the bank.＝The police observed a man enter the bank. 警察注意到一个男人走进了银行。 So far the ceasefire has been observed by both sides. 到目前为止，双方都遵守着停火协定。 13.cut down 砍倒；削减，减少 cut off 切断；使隔绝 cut up 切碎 cut in 　　插入，插嘴 cut short 缩短 cut across 抄近路通过 ①Don’t cut in when others are talking. ②We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation. ③Please cut the apple up into equal pieces. ④Tom has been asked to have the tree cut down. 14. “the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构的用法： (1)“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”，表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化，the用在形容词或副词的比较级前。 (2)前一个“the＋比较级”通常相当于比较状语从句或条件状语从句，后一个“the＋比较级”通常相当于主句。 (3)在通常情况下，如果主、从句中的谓语动词是系动词be，而且主语不是代词，be常省略。 【拓展】 “比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”。 ·The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。 ·The taller the tree (is), the stronger the wind (is).树大招风。 ·With summer coming, the day is becoming longer and longer. 随着夏天的到来，白天变得越来越长。 补全句子 ①The__more__books you read, the__more__knowledge you’ll gain.你读的书越多，你就会获得越多的知识。 ②He is more__and__more__independent as he grows up.随着他长大，他越来越独立了。 ③The more，the__better.多多益善。 15.after all毕竟，终究 in all 　　　　总共 above all 最重要的是 (not) at all 完全(不)，一点儿(都不) all in all 总的来说 ①You should forgive him for his forgetfulness; after all, he is over seventy. ②All in all, we had a good time. ③To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, above all, honest. 16.“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，即with的复合结构。 with复合结构在句中常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语。常见形式有： with＋宾语＋ ·With a great many articles to write, he won’t have time to go shopping this morning. 他有那么多文章要写，今天早上将没有时间去买东西了。 ·I cycled off down the road with the dog running behind. 我骑着自行车顺着道路行驶，那只狗在后面跟着跑。 ·With my homework finished, I gladly accepted her invitation. 作业完成了，我欣然接受了她的邀请。 ·In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open. 夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。 ①With prices going (go) up, more and more people can’t afford a new house. ②With a dream in heart, he went to Beijing. ③All the afternoon the scientist worked with the door locked (lock). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$