Unit 2 Exploring English Using language Review: Word formation 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 2 Using language Review: word formation 复习：构词法 语法课件 33002 1. To understand, recognize and master four ways of word formation in English-compounding, derivation, conversion and abbreviation; 2.To explain the main differences between American and British Englishes; 3.To face challenges in Engish positively and look for appropriate methods to address the issues. Learning objectives 33002 Words and expressions Using language 33002 emoji 表情符号 Lead-in 33002 英语中的构词法主要有 缩略法（abbreviating） 转化法（changing the part of speech） 派生法（adding a prefix or suffix ） 合成法 （combining two or more words ） Word formation 构词法: 是单词构成的基本规律，按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。 Review: word formation 33002 eggplant pineapple seasick airsick carsick homework harmful harmless rain IT US 33002 abbreviating （缩略） Derivation 派生 Compounding（合成） Conversion（转化法) carsick harmful IT rain match 33002 33002 1. abbreviating （缩略） A word formed from the first letters of the words that make up the name of sth. （缩略法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变） World Health Organization→ WHO Information Technology→ IT telephone→phone aeroplane→plane 2.截头缩略 1.首字母缩略 examination→exam laboratory→lab 3.去尾缩略 33002 9 Very Important Person Chief Executive Officer China Central Television World Trade Organization Virtual Reality VIP CEO CCTV WTO VR 33002 33002 单词的形式不变，改变单词的词性 2. Conversion（转化） (1)动词 名词 Look at me. Let me have a look. (2)名词 动词 Open your book. I must book the ticket. (3)形容词 动词 Our classroom is very clean. We clean our classroom every day. 33002 12 She gave me a glass of water. You should water the flowers twice a week. 请大家判断红色字体的词性词义 n.水 v.浇水 You could shoulder the task(任务). If you want to cry,cry on my shoulder. v.肩负，承担 n.肩膀 33002 Tom is a brave man. He always braves the difficulties in life. 请大家判断红色字体的词性词义 adj. 勇敢的 v. 勇敢面对 33002 由名词转化为动词 face n. 脸→v. _______ nurse n. 护士→v. ________ water n. 水→v. _______ hand n.手→v.________ 转换法 Grammar 面对 护理 浇水 递交 33002 你可以用 luck 这个词,变化更多的词出来吗？ 试一试，你能写出几个。 lucky unlucky luckily unluckily 33002 Derivation 派生 by adding a prefix or (and) a suffix (在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词) 单词= 前缀 词根 后缀 改变词义 词的本意 改变词性 agree disagree agreement 33002 17 前缀一般只改变词的意义，不改变词性。 (1) 表示否定意义的前缀 前缀 前缀 例词 un- unhealthy 不健康的 dis- dislike 不喜欢 disagree 不同意 disappear 消失 in-/im-/ir-/il- incorrect 不正确 non- non-smoker 不抽烟的人 non-stop 不停的 ... ... Grammar 33002 2. 后缀：后缀通常改变词性，构成意思相近的其他词性的词，少数后缀会改变词义。(1) 形容词后缀 后缀 后缀 含义 例词 -able 可……的， acceptable 可接受的 movable 可移动的 -al 属于……的， 具有……性质的 cultural 文化的 professional职业的 -an 某地的，……人的 Asian 亚洲(人)的 Canadian加拿大(人)的 -en 由……制作的 wooden 木制的 woolen羊毛的 -ern ……方向的 eastern东方的 western 西方的 ... ... ... Grammar 33002 (4) 名词后缀 后缀 后缀 含义 例词 -er 人 designer 设计师 programmer 程序员 -or 人 sailor 水手 actor 演员 -ist 人 specialist专家 artist 艺术家 -ess 女性，雌性 actress 女演员 lioness 母狮 -ness 性质，状态 cagermess热切 loneliness孤独，寂寞 -ment 状态，结果 excitement兴奋，刺激 achievement成就 Grammar 33002 ＋ ＝ ＋ ＝ 33002 21 create a new word by compounding two or more existing words (由两个或更多的词合成一个词) Compounding（合成） 33002 合成名词： sunshine playground haircut sunrise earthquake waterfall sightseeing 合成动词： download upload sleepwalk 合成法 Grammar 阳光 操场 理发 日出 地震 瀑布 观光 下载 上传 梦游 33002 合成形容词： good-looking hard-working peace-loving second-hand 合成副词词 somehow 不知何故 overnight 一夜之间 合成介词： outside within 在……之内 without 合成法 Grammar 好看的 勤劳的 热爱和平的 二手的 在……外面 没有 33002 eggplant pineapple seasick airsick carsick homework harmful harmless rain IT US 33002 homework 后缀 含义 例词 -ful help.v帮助→helpful.adj乐于助人的 use.v使用→useful 有用的 peace.n和平→peaceful 和平的 harm.v伤害→harmful.adj有害的 care.v关心→careful.小心的,仔细的 success.n成功→successful 成功的 meaning.n意思→meaningful.adj有意义的 color.n颜色→colorful.adj五颜六色的 wonder.→wonderful.美妙的 painful.n痛苦→painful.adj痛苦的 hope.v希望→hopeful.adj充满希望的 33002 3 Application 33002 Consolidation 27 Complete the passage with the help of word formation. When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. You might think this is a bit scary. But many of them are formed using other simpler words. This is called word formation. Words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, ____________ (a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen) and _____________ (known by many people). Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings. If you add un- or in- to a word, the new word usually means the opposite. For example, if something isn’t correct it’s __________, and if someone isn’t happy they are _________. Words with the suffixes -ment and -ness are often nouns. For example, if somebody has improved a lot, they have made great ________________. penfriend well-known incorrect unhappy improvement 2 33002 28 Some nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs, or the other way round. When we calm somebody down, they become ______. And we can give someone a present by__________ it. And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words: “World Trade Organization ” can be referred to as _____ , and _______ is short for “as soon as possible”. It is impossible to know the meaning of every word, but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings. calm presenting WTO ASAP Complete the passage with the help of word formation. 2 33002 29 4 Have Fun 33002 Consolidation 30 Work in groups. Choose one type of word formation and come up with as many words as possible. Group A Group B Winner ? abbreviating changing the part of speech adding a prefix or suffix combining two or more words Abbreviation 缩略法 Conversion 转化法 Derivation 派生法 Compounding 合成法 VS 3 33002 8个小组，每2个小组对决，抽到同一个构词法，给1分钟小组合作，完成课文中寻找和自己想更多类似的词，时间到了，小组纸条展示对比词汇多少 31 5 AmE. vs. BrE 33002 Consolidation 32 Look at the pictures and get to know the American English words and their British equivalents.(P23) What differences can you find? 4 33002 Look at the pictures and get to know the American English words and their British equivalents. (P23) American English British English subway highway theater gas apartment elevator underground motorway theatre petrol flat lift 4 33002 Today, American English is in common international use. It is different from British English in several ways, mostly in spelling and vocabulary. Some American spellings were created by Noah Webster, who made one of America's first dictionaries. He changed “-re” spellings to “er”, which is why 1_______ is spelt 2________ in American English. The Americans and the British also use different words for everyday things. For example, Americans talk about putting 3____ in their cars and driving along the 4________ whereas in the UK, people put 5______ in their cars and drive along the 6__________. Now Complete the passage with the words above. (P24) subway/underground highway/motorway theater/theatre gas/petrol apartment/flat elevator/lift theatre theater gas highway petrol motorway 33002 Americans take the7________ to the top floor of a building, but the British use the 8_____. In the US, they take the 9_______, but in the UK, people travel on the 10____________. Americans live in a(n) 11__________, while the British live in a(n) 12_____. It's not as confusing as it seems: usually people from the two countries can understand each other from the context. But that doesn't stop them having a friendly argument about which word is the “right” one! subway/underground highway/motorway theater/theatre gas/petrol apartment/flat elevator/lift elevator lift subway underground apartment flat 33002 Differences between American English and British English . Two. Spelling and vocabulary. Whereas, but, while. No. Not as confusing as it seems. What is the main idea of the passage? 2. How many differences are mentioned？ What are they? 3. What words are used to show the comparison between the two? 4. Is the difference big enough for people to understand? Why? 33002 Work in pairs. Find more examples of differences between American and British English. Use a dictionary or search on the Internet. (P24) Spelling Vocabulary Pronunciation 5 33002 6 Unfamiliar English expressions 33002 Consolidation 39 P24 · Each year, many additions are made to English dictionaries. Recent additions include “selfie” (a photograph that you take of yourself, usually with a mobile phone) and “netizen” (a citizen who uses the Internet). · Some messaging abbreviations have also been added, for example, BRB (be right back), COZ (because) and G2G (got to go). 33002 7 Listening & examples 33002 Consolidation 41 Listen to three conversations and match them to the pictures.(P25) □ Learning to learn Some of the language used on the Internet is different to the language used in other forms of communication. It may be a quick and, to you, clear way to communicate, but before you use it, stop and think: who do you want to communicate with and why? Make sure that any abbreviations and emojis you use are appropriate for the situation, and consider whether your readers will even know what you mean by BRB or COZ. a b c a: ______________ b: ______________ c: ______________ Conversation 3 Conversation 1 Conversation 2 6 33002 Listen again and complete the table. (P25) Words Meaning Origin dim sum a kind of traditional 1____________ from 2_______ ________________ 3_______ using a cellphone without caring about others a combination of the words 4__________ and 5_______ 6_______ a shorter way of saying 7______________ from the Internet Chinese food the Guangdong dialect cellfish cellphone selfish LOL “laugh out loud” 7 33002 (P25) Tapescript: Conversation 1 A: I'm going to buy something to eat from the restaurant downstairs. Would you like anything? B: Oh yes, please. Could you order me some dim sum? A: Some what? B: Dim sum. A: What kind of food is that? B: It's a kind of traditional Chinese food from South China, including dumplings, spring rolls, meatballs and so on. A: Oh, I see. So “dim sum” comes from Chinese? B: Yes, that's right. In fact, it comes from the Guangdong dialect. In Mandarin or Putonghua it would be “dian xin”. A: Well, it sounds good! Maybe I'll order that as well… 33002 Conversation 2 A: How was the movie? B: It was great, but someone in front of me was talking so loudly on her phone. A: How cellfish! B: Yes, I agree. Very selfish. A: Ah, do you know what I mean by “cellfish”? B: Of course! When you say “selfish”, you mean only caring about yourself and not about other people, right? A: That's what “selfish” with an “s” means, but I'm talking about “cellfish” starting with the letter “c”. B: I haven't heard that word before. What does it mean? A: It means using a cellphone in a way that shows you don't care about the other people around you. B: That's interesting. How do you spell it? A: C-E-L-L-F-I-S-H. It's the words “cellphone” and “selfish” put together. B: Oh, I see… 33002 Conversation 3 [SFX of someone pressing mobile phone keys, followed by a chime indicating a new message] A: Darling, could you take a look at this message from Lucy? I have no idea what she's talking about…again. B: What has she said? A: Well, I told her a joke that Bob told me today at the office, and, as you see, she replied “LOL”. What's that for? B: Oh, LOL! It's a shorter way of saying “laugh out loud”. A: I've never seen or heard that before. Where does it come from? B: It was first used on the Internet. You use it to show you think something is very funny. A: Oh, okay. B: Keep up with the times, darling! 33002 How do the speakers ask for and explain the meanings of the words? Useful expressions: · What kind of food is that? It's a kind of… · Do you know what I mean by…? It means… · What's that for? It's… · Where does it come from? It was first used… Listen again if necessary. 33002 Situation 1: You are a waiter / waitress in a restaurant. You ask your customer whether he / she needs a doogy bag. (Notes: A “doggy bag” is a bag or box in which you take unfinished food home from a restaurant.) Situation 2: You see a sign in a supermarket saying “3 for 2”. You don't know what it means and ask the shop assistant to explain. Act out the conversation to ask for and explain the meanings of the expressions. A □ Useful expressions Situation 1 · It means… · You use it to… Situation 2 · I beg your pardon? · What does … mean? · What's that for? · When you say … you mean …, right? 33002 THX: NVM: IMO: CUL: BTW: Thanks 谢谢 For reference BBL: VG: JK: By the way 顺便说一下 See you later 下次再会 In my opinion 依我所见 Very good 很好 Never mind 别担心 Be back later 稍后回来 Just kidding 开个玩笑 33002 1.Find new words and their meanings on the Internet. 2.Make up similar conversation. 3.Review the words and expressions you learned today. Homework 33002 null 33123.527 null 191723.55 null 193003.67 null 193003.67 $$