Unit 3 The world online Grammar and usage V-ing 作定状补 导学案-2023-2024学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第三册

B3U3 Grammar and usage——v-ing Name：______ 1、 v-ing作主语 注：v-ing作主语，谓语动词一般用三单形式。 （1）v-ing直接位于句首作主语。 例如：Swimming is a good sport in summer. （2）用it作形式主语，把v-ing（真正主语）置于句尾作后置主语。例如：It is no use telling him not to worry. It was hard getting on the crowded street car. It is fun _______(play) with children. It is a waste of time ________(persuade) such a person to join us. （3）用于“There be”结构中。如： There is no saying when he’ll come. 很难说他何时回来。 （4）动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较：动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语，在意义上相近。但v-ing多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。 比较：Smoking is not good for health.（表示泛指或抽象动作） It is not good for you to smoke so much.（表示特指或具体动作） （5）当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要求统一： Seeing is believing. *To see is to believe. 2、v-ing作表语 v-ing作表语时，句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。主语和表语可互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 3、v-ing作定语 （1）单个v-ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰词之前，表示被修饰者的功能。如： a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing （2）有些v-ing形式已转化成形容词，表示“令人……的”。常见如下： boring, interesting, tiring, exciting, surprising, amazing, astonishing, shocking, puzzling, moving, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, pleasing, striking, terrifying, frightening, satisfying （3）v-ing形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰词之后，并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a room facing the street.=They lived in a room that faces the street. （4）v-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。 His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. （5）若单个的动词-ing形式修饰的词为those, something, everything, nothing等代词时，则v-ing形式要放在其后。 He is reading something interesting. （6）v-ing形式作定语，有被动形式。v-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动形式“being done”. Being done通常表示正在被做，常作后置定语。 The tall building _________(build) now is our new school. · The wolf yelled in a _________ voice and Lily felt________. (frighten) · It’s pleasure to watch the face of a ________(sleep) baby. · The _________(shake) buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming. · He was____________ by the _________performance. (astonish) · They are living in a house facing the lake.（英译汉） · The teachers working in this university can apply for an apartment for free. · The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 4、v-ing作状语 v-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。 When I stood by the window, I saw a beautiful flower. =Standing by the window, I saw a beautiful flower.（v-ing表时间） Being poor, she couldn’t afford it.（v-ing表____） He sat in the sofa reading a book.（v-ing表____） 1. Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.（改写句子） 2. Being ill, he didn’t go to school. 3. Walking ahead, you will see a white house. · 注：现在分词的否定形式。一般式：not doing 完成式：not having done 1. _______________ (know) what to do, she asked mother for help.（分词动作与谓语动词几乎同时发生） 2. _________________(receive) an answer, he decided to write another letter to her. （分词动作先于谓语动作发生） 5. v-ing作宾语补足语 · 作宾语补足语用v-ing的常见动词：五看(see, notice, observe, look at, watch)四使(leave, keep, have, get)两听(listen to, hear)一感觉(feel)一发现(find), smell… · I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. · Can you smell anything burning? · When I entered the classroom, I saw him (try) to open the locker. · He was last seen (read) in the library. 6.v-ing作宾语 （1）有些词后只能接动名词，不能跟不定式。 allow, avoid, consider, dislike, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, practice… （2）另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用短语。 spend money/time, think of, give up, put off, insist on, be good at, do well in, can’t help, keep on, feel like, be tired (afraid, capable, fond) of, look forward to, be used to, devote oneself to, stick to, respond to, look forward to… （3） 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可，例如：remember, forget, try, stop, go on, stop, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意思不同。 例：like doing sth.表经常性动作；like to do sth. 表习惯性动作 stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情；stop to do sth停下来做另外一件事; remember to do sth. 记得要做; remember doing sth. 记得做过 go on to do sth继续做某事(不是同一件事)；go on doing sth继续做某事(同一件事); I tried not to go there.(我设法不去那里)；I tried doing it again.(我试着又干了一次) 巩固练习 1. He rushed into the ________ (burn) house. 2. The child _________ (stand) over there is my brother. 3. The room _________ (face) south is our classroom. 4. The man, ________ (talk) to the teacher, is our monitor's father. 5. Success makes sense to you only when you choose something _______(challenge). 实战高考 1. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds __________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.(2020全国Ⅲ卷) 2. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, ________ (say) that I had a talent for football. (2019全国卷I) 3. Nervously ______ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.(2019北京卷) 4. If you are a teenager _______ (live) in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training. (2019全国卷Ⅰ) 5. With ________ (shine) dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. (2019全国卷Ⅰ) 6. “After all, everyone has bad days and good days,” he said. “Some days you need a _______ (help) hand and some days you can be the one _______ (give) the _______ (help) hand.” (2019浙江卷) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$