2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习题型组合套练 第十练

阅读、七选五、完型、语法填空、应用文写作、读后续写组合练 第 十 练 一、阅读理解 A 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 说明文 人与自然——环境保护 332 ★★ Now, Earth Day is celebrated around the world. We still face many challenges, such as climate change, plastic pollution and deforestation. But we can all make a difference. Her Trees Save Lives Adeline Tiffanie Suwana was 12 when her family's home flooded. Indonesia, her island nation, is often hit hard by floods and other natural disasters. Adeline learned that mangrove trees play a key role in flood protection and rallied classmates to plant 200 trees during a school break. They started a group called Sahabat Alam or Friends of Nature, which works to conserve the region's biodiversity and combat climate change. Today, Adeline attends university, studying how. businesses can help the environment. Teens' Two-Fold Invention EPS — expanded polystyrene foam — is the white, lightweight stuff used to make things like takeout food containers, foam egg cartons, and packing “peanuts”. But it takes up a lot of space and is difficult to recycle. EPS breaks into small pieces as it floats, down waterways into oceans, harming wildlife along the way. Eighth-graders Julia Bray, Luke Clay and Ashton Cofer looked at EPS's chemical make-up and saw that it was mostly carbon. That sparked an idea. Could they turn it into activated carbon, a material that filters toxins from water? After 50 hours of experiments, including one that accidentally set the family grill fire, they succeeded! Solar for Her School When Claire Vlases of Montana was in seventh grade, she learned about plans to expand and modernize her middle school. Claire asked the school board to add solar panels to the project. The board liked the idea but said it could contribute just $25,000, one-fifth of the cost. So Claire organized a group of kids and adults who set to work raising the rest. They asked for donations, even going door-to-door for them. And they appealed to charitable foundations too. One even donated half the cost! After two years of hard work, the group paid for the solar panels, which now supply one-fourth of the school's electricity needs. 1.What do the three groups of teenagers have in common? A.They are Earth-helping heroes. B.They are from island countries. C.They are high school students. D.They are keen on experiments. 2.How much did one of the charitable organizations donate for solar panels? A.$25,000. B.$50,000. C.$62,500. D.$125,000. 3.What is the purpose of the passage? A.To give models for colorful school activities. B.To explore the ways to deal with plastic pollution. C.To inspire people to act for environmental problems. D.To display the amazing power of effective cooperation. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍一些学生形 成组织为保护地球做出的事迹。 1.A 解析 ：由文章第一段“Now, Earth Day is celebrated around the world. We still face many challenges, such as climate change, plastic pollution and deforestation, But we can all make a difference.”以及下文可知，文章主要介绍一 些学生形成组织为保护地球做出的事迹。因此本文中的青少年都是保护地球的英雄们。故选A。 2.C 解析：细节理解题。由文章Solar for Her School 中 “Claire asked the school board to add solar panels to the project. The board liked the idea but said it could contribute just $25,000, one-fifth of the cost."以 及“They asked for donations, even going door-to-door for them. And they appealed to charitable foundations too. One even donated half the cost!”可知，总共费用需要25,000*5=125,000, 其中一半是62,500。故选C。 3.C 解析：推理判断题。由文章第一段"Now, Earth Day is celebrated around the world. We still face many challenges, such as climate change, plastic pollution and deforestation. But we can all make a difference.”以及下文可知:文章主要介绍一些学生形成组织为保护地球做出的事迹。因此这篇文章鼓励人们为环保事业作出贡献。故选C。 B 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 记叙文 人与自然——自然生态 406 ★★★ Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours(绕行路)in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words. For years we made the long drive from our home in Seatle to my parents' home in Boise in nine hours. We traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids who hates confinement(限制) and have strong opinions about everything. Road trips felt risky, so I would drive fast, stopping only when I had to. We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired. But then Banner, our lamb was born. He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise. I had two choices: leave Banner with my husband, or take him with me. My husband made the decision for me. That is how I found myself on the road with four kids, a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through. We took the country roads out of necessity. We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him. The kids chased him and one another. They'd get back in the car breathless and energized, smelling fresh from the cold air. We explored side roads, catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass. Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother, or fish leaping out of the water, it was better than the best ride down the freeway. Here was life. And new horizons. We eventually arrived at my parents' doorstep astonishingly fresh land full of stories. I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique. On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead. I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence. Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey— and the best part of yourself. 4.Why did the author take freeways to her parents' home? A.It was less tiring. B.It would be faster and safer. C.Her kids would feel less confined. D.She felt better with other drivers nearby. 5.What does the author discover from the trip according to paragraph6? A.Freeways are where beauty hides. B.Getting close to nature adds to the joy of life C.Enjoying the beauty of nature benefits one's health. D.One should follow side roads to watch wild animals. 6.Why did the author ask the kids to get out of the car on their way back home? A.To give herself some time to read. B.To order some food for them. C.To play a game with them. D.To let them cool down. 7.What could be the best title for the passage? A.Charm of the Detour B.The Road to Bravery C.Creativity out of Necessity D.Road Trip and Country Life 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是作者有一次带着孩子和小单羔 Banner 去父母家的绕道旅行,她发现了绕道旅行的魅力。 4.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids...have strong opinions about everything.”可知，作者认为高速公路更快、更安全。故选B。 5.B 解析；推理判断题。第六段中的“Even if we simply looked out of thecar windows...it was better than the best ride down the freeway.”和最后一段都说明作者很开心，由此可以推断，这段旅程是生活中最美好的，接近自然可以增加生活的乐趣。故选B。 6.D 解析；细节理解题。根据前面孩子们争吵可知，作者让孩子们下车去冷静。故选D。 7.A 解析：主旨大意题。第一段第一句“Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours in life than by the narrow road toward goals.”和最后一段都说明了绕道的魅力，因此A 选项“Charm of the detour(绕 行路的魅力)”符合中心思想，适合作为标题。故选A。 【知识补充】 1.everlasting adj.永恒的 2.optimism n,乐观，乐观主义 3.astonishingly adv,令人惊讶地 4.stick to坚持 5.see me through帮我渡过难关 6.leap out of从……跳出来 7.by necessity不得已；必然地 【长难句分析】 That is how I found myself on the road with four kids,a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to sce me through.(第五段第一句)句意：就这样，我带着四个孩子和一只小羊羔上了路，除了恒 久的乐观帮我渡过难关，我什么都没有。 分析：本句是复合句，how引导的表语从句作is 的表语。 C 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 说明文 人与自我——生活与学习 331 ★★★ I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy. That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you 一 and then try to explain them. Eric Weiner's The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读)their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It's worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of. 8.Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A.Foucault. B.Eric Weiner, C.Jostein Gaarder. D.A college teacher. 9.Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A.To compare Weiner with them. B.To give examples of great works. C.To praise their writing skills. D.To help readers understand Weiner's book. 10.What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A.Its views on history are well-presented. B.Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C.It includes comments from readers. D.It leaves an open ending. 11.What does the author think of Weiner's book? A.Objective and plain. B.Daring and ambitious. C.Serious and hard to follow. D.Humorous and straightforward. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner 的书The Socrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍The Socrates Express这本书，推荐读者花时间去读这本书。 8.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy.”可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。 9.D 解析：推理判断题。作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner 的书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后能从中学到的东西。由此可推知，作者列 举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。 故选D。 10.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.”可知，作者喜欢 The Socrates Ezpress 这本书，是因为它的思想可以应 用到日常生活中。故选B。 11.D 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.”可知 ，Weiner的书很幽默；根据最后一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging.” 可知 ，Weiner 的书简单易懂。由此可知，作者认为Weiner 的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。 【知识补充】 1. philosophy n.哲 学 2.explanation n.解 释 3.interpretation n.翻 译 4.simplicity n.简单，质朴 5.pick up拾 起 D 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 说明文 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 308 ★★★ Men hunted. Women gathered. But the discovery of a woman buried 9,000 years ago in the Andes Mountains with weapons and hunting tools challenges this widely accepted view. The woman, thought to be between 17 and 19 years old when she died, was buried with items that suggested she hunted big-game animals by spear (矛) throwing. The objects accompanying people in death tend to be those that accompanied them in life.Although some scholars have suggested a role for women in ancient hunting, others have dismissed this idea even when hunting tools were uncovered in female burials. To examine whether this woman found at this site was an exception, the researchers examined 429 skeletons at 107 burial sites from around 8,000 to 14,000 years ago. Of those, 27 individuals were buried with hunting tools — 11 were female and 16 were male. The sample was sufficient to “justify the conclusion that female participation in early big-game hunting was likely nontrivial,” said lead study author Haas. The findings add to doubts about “man-the-hunter” assumption about early humans since the mid-20th century. That theory assumes that it was men who went out and hunted, bringing home meat to feed women and children, who were responsible for gathering berries, plants and nuts. But recent research suggests hunting was very much a community - based activity, needing the participation of all able-bodied individuals to drive large animals, the study said. Meanwhile, the spears used at that time had low accuracy, encouraging participation, and using it was a skill learned from childhood. Women may also have been freed from child care demands by “allo-parenting” — raising children was a job shared by many. “Our findings have made me rethink the most basic organizational structure of ancient hunter-gatherer groups, and human groups more generally,” Haas said. 12.The discovery of the buried woman shows A.she was killed by a big-game animal B.she might use hunting tools when alive C.women were good at throwing spears D.women were buried alone after death 13.What does the underlined word “nontrivial” in paragraph 3 probably means? A.Limited. B.Direct. C.Significant. D.Passive. 14.Which of the following leads to women's involvement in hunting? ① allo-parenting ②big-game hunting ③tasks of gathering ④less accurate tools A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①③④ D.①②④ 15.Haas probably believes that A.most of our ancestors were buried with hunting tools B.we should reconsider previous views on human groups C.division of labor in hunter-gatherer society remains unchanged D.the tomb found in the Andes justifies“man-the-hunter”assumption 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章研究了古代狩猎中女性 所扮演的角色以及狩猎群体的组织结构。 12.B 解析 ：推理判断题。根据第一 段中的“The woman, thought to be between 17 and 19 years old when hedied, was buried with items that suggested she hunted big-game animals by spear throwing,”可知，研究人员发现女性活着 的时候可能会用打猎工具。故选B。 13,C 解析；词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Of those, 27 individuals were buried with hunting tools—11 were female and 16 were male.”可知，在研究中发现埋葬的地方 有狩猎工具的男女比例相当，因此，女性在早期参与大型 狩猎这一观点应当是正确的，是有重要意义的。故选C。 14.D 解析；细节理解题。根据第五段可知，另类育儿、大型 狩猎以及使用低精度的工具等原因使女性也参与狩猎，也 就是①②④是女性参与狩猎的原因。故选D。 15.B 解 析 ：推理判断题。由最后一段可知，Has 认为我们 应当重新思考之前对人类群体的看法。故选B。 【知识补充】 1,accompany v.陪伴，陪同 2.sufficient adj.足够的，充足的 3.assumption n.假 设 4.tend to趋向，易于 【长难句分析】 That theory assumes that it was men who went out and hunted, bringing home meat to feed women and children, who were responsible for gathering berries, plants and nuts.( 第 四 段第二句) 句意：该理论认为男人外出狩猎，把肉带回家喂养女人和孩 子，女人和孩子则负贵采集浆果、植物和坚果。 分析：本句是复合句。that 引导宾语从句，作assumes 的宾 语；第一个 who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词men; bringing 为 动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语；第二个who 引导非限制性定 语从句，修饰women and children。 二、七选五 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 说明文 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 294 ★★ Leonardo da Vinci and Nature In the modern world, art and science are two very separate activities, but in Leonardo's time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies. 1 Mathematics included practical work like surveying land for making maps as well as measuring the movements of the stars in the sky. An artist might need to measure the different parts of the body. He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct. 2 Mathematics was also connected to music because musical sounds have a fixed relationship with each other that can be described in numbers. 3 More than this, though, Leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world, including music, and he said that “without them nothing can be done” . “Nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy,” wrote Leonardo. In all his activities, Leonardo was trying to discover the rules that control nature. In his search for those rules, he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details. Actual experience was more important to him than opinion, and he worked from facts to ideas. 4 His purpose was to examine the world so he could copy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures. He also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature. 5 His quick little sketches( 素 描 ), often done while wandering outside, helped him to catch a movement or a shape. More careful drawings would be done at a desk with a pen and ruler. In July 2001, a small drawing by Leonardo was sold for $12 million. It was the most expensive drawing in the world. A.Leonardo was always drawing. B.How could these be connected with art? C.Leonardo's ideas were vastly ahead of his time. D.Mathematicians and doctors worked to discover the unknown. E.Above all,Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked. F.You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper. G.Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在现代世 界，艺术和科学是两个非常独立的活动，但在达芬奇的时代，它们是紧密联系在一起的。文章主要介绍了达 · 芬奇在音乐和思想方面的见解。 1.B 解 析 ：根据上文可知，在现代世界，艺术和科学是两个非常独立的活动，但在达 ·芬奇的时代，它们是紧密联系在一 起的。科学意味着数学和医学研究。由此可知，此处应是 提出疑问——科学与艺术有什么联系?B 选项“这些与艺 术有什么联系呢?”符合上下文语境。故选B。 2,F 解 析 ：根据上文可知，他还可以用数学把事物之间的关 系画在一幅画中，使场景看起来是正确的。由此可知，本句应当承接上文举例说明他的哪一幅作品体现了这种关系。 F 选项“你会在《最后的晚餐》这幅画中看到这种结构运用的一个很好的例子”符合上文语境。故选F。 3.G 解析：根据后文可知，达 ·芬奇喜欢音乐，他相信数字 是世界上一切事物的一部分，包括音乐。G 选项“达 ·芬奇 本人是一个非常优秀的音乐家，喜欢演奏乐器和唱歌”符合 上下文语境。故选G。 4.C 解析：根据上文可知，对他来说，实际经验比意见更重 要。由此可知，本句承接上文继续说明达 ·芬奇的思想。 上文中的 ideas 对应C 选项中的Leonardo's ideas 。C选项 “达 ·芬奇的思想远远超前于他的时代”符合上下文语境。 故选C。 5.A 解析：根据后文可知，他在外面闲逛的时候经常画一些速写，帮助他捕捉一个动作或一个形状。由此可知，本段是在说明达 ·芬奇日常喜欢绘画的情况。A 选项“达 ·芬奇总 是在画画”符合下文语境。故选A。 【知识补充】 1.fixed adj.固定的 2.wander v.漫游，漫步 【长难句分析】 Mathematics was also connected to music,because musical sounds have a fixed relationship with each other that can be described in numbers.(第二段第一句)句意；数学也与音乐联系在一起，因为音乐之间有可以用数字来描述的固定关系。 分析：本句是复合句。because引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰 relationship。 三、完形填空 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 记叙文 人与自我——做人与做事 309 ★★★ Alvin, 66, was deep in the woods in Grand Cane, Louisiana, last December when something caught his eye. As Alvin , he saw that the object was a broken balloon. Attached was a piece of paper 2 with star stickers. “Dear Santa,” the handwritten 3 read. “My name is Luna. I am four years old. I live in Liberal, Kansas. I would like candy, Spider-Man ball, a puppy. With love, Luna.” Moved by the note, Alvin 4 he was going to make Luna's wish come true. On January 2, 2021, Alvin posted a photo of the balloon and the Christmas list on his Facebook page, asking for help locating the 5 . At first, he wasn't confident that the 6 would work. But as he saw the number of people sharing his post climb into the hundreds, “My hope grew into 7 ,”Alvin says. Meanwhile, Leticia, Luna's mother, whose family had a hard time in the past year, had no idea that such an effort was 8 . One day in early January, “Someone found Luna's balloon,” said a friend in the call. 9 by her friend many times, she logged on to Facebook and saw Alvin's post. Leticia was 10 . But, before reaching out to Alvin, she 11 . She hadn't really expected anyone would find the balloons, let alone 12 to buy gifts for her daughter. When Alvin told her it would mean a lot to him to 13 the girl's wishes, she agreed to let him send some gifts. Now, after having received much 14 , Leticia and Luna intend to pay it forward. “Luckily, our prayers are answered,” she says. “When you ask for something, it may not happen 15 , but it will happen some day.” 1.A.returned B.settled C.wandered D.approached 2.A.filled B.mixed C.wrapped D.decorated 3.A.note B.diary C.poster D.notice 4.A.explained B.admitted C.decided D.reported 5.A.editor B.sender C.sponsor D.organizer 6.A.advice B.desire C.strategy D.preparation 7.A.regrets B.doubts C.expectations D.curiosity 8.A.under way B.on air C.at hand D.in need 9.A.Tricked B.Warned C.Scolded D.Urged 10.A.bored B.touched C.shocked D.interested 11.A.hesitated B.insisted C.suffered D.complained 12.A.struggle B.offer C.afford D.continue 13.A.discover B.spread C.realize D.treasure 14.A.respect B.generosity C.guidance D.education 15.A.immediately B.completely C.eventually D.roughly 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。Alvin 在森林深处发现了一 个破气球，气球上面附着一个四岁小女孩的圣诞节礼物清单， AIvin为了帮助小女孩，在 Facebook上发布了气球和清单照片，最后成功帮助小女孩实现了愿望。 1.D 解析：return 返回；settle 解决，定居；wander 漫游，徘 徊；approach靠近，接近。根据上句“something caught his eye”可知，有东西吸引了他的注意，所以他要走近看一看。 故选D。 2. D 解析：fill 填满；mix 混合；wrap 包裹；decorate装饰。本句 “with star stickers”可知，纸上用贴纸装饰。故选D。 3.A. 解析：note 便条；diary 日记；poster 海报；notice 通知。 第三段第一句“Moved by the note”与此处呼应，可知这是 一张手写便条。故选A。 4.C 解析：explain 解释；admit 承认；decide决定； report 报道。根据本句“make Luna's wish come true”可知，Alvin很 感动，决定要帮助她实现愿望。故选C。 5.B 解析 ；editor编 辑 ；sender 寄件人；sponsor 赞助商； organizer组织者。本句“on his Facebook page”可知，他在网上发帖求助，想让大家帮助共同寻找用气球发信息的小女孩。故选B。 6.C 解析：advice建议；desire愿望；strategy 策略；preparation准备。根据上句“Alvin posted a photo of the balloon and the Christmas list on his Facebook page”可知，把照片传到网上是他采用的策略。故选C。 7,C 解析：regret 后 悔 ；doubt 怀疑；expectation 期待； curiosity 好奇心。根据上文“climb into the hundreds”可 知，看到分享他帖子的人数越来越多，他的希望逐渐变成了更大的期待。故选C。 8.A 解析：under way 在进行中；on air正在播放，直播中；at hand接近；in need 需要。根据上文“Alvin posted a photo” 可知，全网都在努力寻找发送气球信息的人。故选A。 9.D 解析：trick 欺骗；warn 警告；scold责骂；urge 敦促，催促。根据“many times”可知，朋友催了她多次。故选 D。 10.B 解析：bored感到无聊的；touched 感动的；shocked震惊的；interested感兴趣的。根据上文“saw Alvin's post” 可知，她上网看到了Alvin 的帖子，被感动了。故选B。 11.A 解析：hesitate 犹豫；insist 坚持；suffer 受苦，遭受；complain抱怨。根据下文“She hadn't really expected anyone would find the balloons”可知，她未曾想到会有人找到气球，所以犹豫了。故选A。 12.B 解析：struggle 奋斗，努力；offer 主动提出，自愿给予； afford买得起；continue 继续。根据第三段第一句“make Luna's wish come true”可知，Alvin主动提出帮助小女孩实现愿望。故选B。 13.C 解析：discover发现；spread传播；realize意识到，实现； treasure珍惜。根据第三段第一句中“make Luna's wish come true”可知，Alvin要帮助小女孩实现愿望。故选C。 14.B 解析：respect 尊重；generosity慷慨；guidance指导； education教育。根据上文可知，Alvin 送小女孩礼物，帮助她实现了愿望，这体现了他的慷慨大方。故选B。 15.A 解析；immediately立 即 ；completely 完全；eventually 最终；roughly大概。根据“some day”可知，这里强调事情可能不会立刻发生，但终有一日会发生。故选A。 【知识补充】 1.sticker n.贴纸 2.catch one's eye引起某人的注意 3.log on登录，注册 4.let alone 更不用说 【长难句分析】 Meanwhile, Leticia, Luna's mother, whose family had a hard time in the past year, had no idea that such an effort was under way.(第四段第一句)句意：与此同时，露娜的母亲莱蒂西亚完全不知道这样的努力 在进行中，她的家庭在过去一年里日子过得很艰难。 分析：本句是复合句，句中 whose 引导非限制性定语从句，修 饰先行词Leticia;that 引导同位语从句。 四、语法填空 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 说明文 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 249 ★★★ In China,even for the most accomplished chefs,cooking 1 (involve)improvising with the ingredients(原料)on hand: feel and taste. For the Chinese, the idea of exact time and amounts in cooking is an alien concept. In fact, times and measuring cups won't 2 (find) in a traditional Chinese kitchen. Nor will a Chinese cook asked 3 he or she makes a particular dish respond with clear 4 (quantity)of ingredients and an exact cooking time, for such concrete instructions are almost non-existent in the world of Chinese cuisine. 5 (make) Chinese food can be very time consuming. One reason is 6 the preparation before the actual cooking takes time, as ingredients for the same dish are 7 (typical) cut into uniform shapes, and preferably into bite-sized pieces. Chinese cooking employs different methods according to the nature of the ingredients, the 8 (long) of cooking time, and the degree of heat. The major emphasis, though, is on enhancing the natural flavor of ingredients, as well as retaining nutrients. Almost every Chinese kitchen has 9 bamboo steamer. In this method, foods are put in the steamer above boiling water. This technique preserves the colors, flavors and nutrients of the food. A good cook knows which techniques to use 10 (combine)the natural flavors of the ingredients for the best taste and nutrition. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国人做饭的方法及与西方人之间的区别。 1.involves 解析：设空处在句中作谓语，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为cooking, 谓语动词应用单数的形式，故 填involves。 2.be found 解析：设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间 是动宾关系，空前为won't,设空处为一般将来时的被动语态，故填be found。 3.how 解析 ：设空处引导宾语从句且在句中作方式状语，应 用how“如何”。故填 how。 4.quantities 解析 ：设空处应用名词的形式作介词的宾语，前 无限定词，应用复数的形式，表泛指。故填quantities。 5.Making 解析：设空处为非谓语动词在句中作主语， doing主要用来表示经常性、习惯性、抽象性发生的行 为，设空处应用动名词作主语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Making。 6.that, 解析：设空处引导表语从句，从句句意完整不缺成 分，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填 that。 7.typically 解析：设空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词typically “通常”,作状语。故填typically。 8.length 解析 ：设空处作介词的宾语，应用名词length, 表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填length。 9,a 解析：设空处后为名词单数，表泛指“一个蒸笼”, 应用不定冠词，空后bamboo 为辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故 填a。 10. to combine 解析：设空处在句中作非谓语，固定短语use sth to do sth“用某物做某事”。故填to combine。 五、应用文写作 假如你是李华，你校跳绳俱乐部将举行活动，想邀请新西兰交换 生Mary 参加。现请你给她写一封邮件，包括以下内容： 1.活动的时间和地点；2.活动的内容；3.邀请参加。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：跳绳skip rope Dear Mary, Yours, Li Hua One possible version: Dear Mary, In the following week,our rope skipping club will hold a series of activities to improve students' fitness and health, I'm writing to invite you to join us. These activities will take place from 4:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. every weekday in the gym. All you need to prepare is a skipping rope, loose and comfortable clothing and a pair of suitable sport shoes. You needn't worry about your kills because several professional coaches will guide us to improve our skills. Moreover, a small competition will be ready for participants every day. I really hope you can join us and have a good time. Yours, Li Hua 六、读后续写 体裁 注题语境 词数 难度 记叙文 人与自我——做人与做事 369 ★★★ The summer I turned 16, my father gave me his 69 Chevy Malibu convertible(敞篷车). Beautifully repainted cherry red with V-8 engine — it was a gift wasted on me at that age.What did I know about classic cars? The important thing was that Hannah and I could drive around Tucson with the top down. Hannah was my best friend, a year younger but much taller, almost five foot ten. “Hannah's a beautiful girl,” my mother always said. And sure enough, that summer she signed with a modeling agency. She was already doing runway work. A month after my birthday, Hannah and I went to the movies. On the way home, we stopped at the McDonald's drive-through, putting the fries on the seat between us to share. “Let's ride around a while,” I said. It was a clear night, oven-warm, full moon casting low over the desert. Making a turn too fast, I hit a patch of dirt and the back of the car slid to the other side. I then drove through a neighbor's landscape wall and knocked into a full-grown palm. The front wheels came to rest half way up the tree trunk. There were French fries on the floor, the dash(仪表盘), and my lap. An impossible amount of blood was on Hannah's face, flaps of skin hanging into her eyes. They took us in separate ambulances. In the ER, my parents spoke quietly, “Best plastic surgeon in the city... but it is more likely to be the end of her modeling career...” We'd been wearing lap belts, but the car didn't have shoulder bands. I'd broken my cheek bone on the steering wheel; Hannah's forehead had split wide open on the dash. What would I say to her? When her mother, Sharon, came into my hospital room, I started to cry, preparing myself for her anger. She sat beside me and took my hand. “I rear-ended(追尾) my best friend when I was your age,” she said. “I destroyed her car and mine.” “I'm so sorry.” I said, knowing Sharon was trying her best to comfort me and helping me out of my terrible sense of guilt and self-blame. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150词左右。 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 “The most important is that you're both alive.I forgive you and Hannah will too,”she said. Sharon's forgiveness allowed Hannah and me to return to our normal life. One possible version: “The most important is that you're both alive. I forgive you and Hannah will too,”she said. I still couldn't forgive myself for the harm caused to Hannah, trapped in deep self- accusation and regret. Aware of my desperation, Sharon took me in her arms, patting me on the back. I plucked up enough courage to request her to take me to Hannah's ward. Seeing me getting close to her bed on the wheel chair pushed by her mother, Hannah asked eagerly, “Are you all right?” Tears of joy and relief poured down our cheeks. Sharon's forgiveness allowed Hannah and me to return to our normal life. We got back to be in the car together that summer, to stay friends throughout high school and college, to be in each other's weddings, and to watch my four teenagers fawn over her three younger children. I think of her gift of forgiveness every time I'm tempted to resent someone for a perceived wrong. The scars are so faded that no one else would notice, but in the sunlight I can still see the faint shimmer just below her hairline — for me, an imprint of grace. 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$阅读、七选五、完型、语法填空、应用文写作、读后续写组合练 第 十 练 一、阅读理解 A 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 说明文 人与自然——环境保护 332 ★★ Now, Earth Day is celebrated around the world. We still face many challenges, such as climate change, plastic pollution and deforestation. But we can all make a difference. Her Trees Save Lives Adeline Tiffanie Suwana was 12 when her family's home flooded. Indonesia, her island nation, is often hit hard by floods and other natural disasters. Adeline learned that mangrove trees play a key role in flood protection and rallied classmates to plant 200 trees during a school break. They started a group called Sahabat Alam or Friends of Nature, which works to conserve the region's biodiversity and combat climate change. Today, Adeline attends university, studying how. businesses can help the environment. Teens' Two-Fold Invention EPS — expanded polystyrene foam — is the white, lightweight stuff used to make things like takeout food containers, foam egg cartons, and packing “peanuts”. But it takes up a lot of space and is difficult to recycle. EPS breaks into small pieces as it floats, down waterways into oceans, harming wildlife along the way. Eighth-graders Julia Bray, Luke Clay and Ashton Cofer looked at EPS's chemical make-up and saw that it was mostly carbon. That sparked an idea. Could they turn it into activated carbon, a material that filters toxins from water? After 50 hours of experiments, including one that accidentally set the family grill fire, they succeeded! Solar for Her School When Claire Vlases of Montana was in seventh grade, she learned about plans to expand and modernize her middle school. Claire asked the school board to add solar panels to the project. The board liked the idea but said it could contribute just $25,000, one-fifth of the cost. So Claire organized a group of kids and adults who set to work raising the rest. They asked for donations, even going door-to-door for them. And they appealed to charitable foundations too. One even donated half the cost! After two years of hard work, the group paid for the solar panels, which now supply one-fourth of the school's electricity needs. 1.What do the three groups of teenagers have in common? A.They are Earth-helping heroes. B.They are from island countries. C.They are high school students. D.They are keen on experiments. 2.How much did one of the charitable organizations donate for solar panels? A.$25,000. B.$50,000. C.$62,500. D.$125,000. 3.What is the purpose of the passage? A.To give models for colorful school activities. B.To explore the ways to deal with plastic pollution. C.To inspire people to act for environmental problems. D.To display the amazing power of effective cooperation. B 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 记叙文 人与自然——自然生态 406 ★★★ Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours(绕行路)in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words. For years we made the long drive from our home in Seatle to my parents' home in Boise in nine hours. We traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids who hates confinement(限制) and have strong opinions about everything. Road trips felt risky, so I would drive fast, stopping only when I had to. We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired. But then Banner, our lamb was born. He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise. I had two choices: leave Banner with my husband, or take him with me. My husband made the decision for me. That is how I found myself on the road with four kids, a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through. We took the country roads out of necessity. We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him. The kids chased him and one another. They'd get back in the car breathless and energized, smelling fresh from the cold air. We explored side roads, catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass. Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother, or fish leaping out of the water, it was better than the best ride down the freeway. Here was life. And new horizons. We eventually arrived at my parents' doorstep astonishingly fresh land full of stories. I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique. On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead. I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence. Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey— and the best part of yourself. 4.Why did the author take freeways to her parents' home? A.It was less tiring. B.It would be faster and safer. C.Her kids would feel less confined. D.She felt better with other drivers nearby. 5.What does the author discover from the trip according to paragraph6? A.Freeways are where beauty hides. B.Getting close to nature adds to the joy of life C.Enjoying the beauty of nature benefits one's health. D.One should follow side roads to watch wild animals. 6.Why did the author ask the kids to get out of the car on their way back home? A.To give herself some time to read. B.To order some food for them. C.To play a game with them. D.To let them cool down. 7.What could be the best title for the passage? A.Charm of the Detour B.The Road to Bravery C.Creativity out of Necessity D.Road Trip and Country Life C 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 说明文 人与自我——生活与学习 331 ★★★ I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy. That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you 一 and then try to explain them. Eric Weiner's The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读)their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It's worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of. 8.Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A.Foucault. B.Eric Weiner, C.Jostein Gaarder. D.A college teacher. 9.Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A.To compare Weiner with them. B.To give examples of great works. C.To praise their writing skills. D.To help readers understand Weiner's book. 10.What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A.Its views on history are well-presented. B.Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C.It includes comments from readers. D.It leaves an open ending. 11.What does the author think of Weiner's book? A.Objective and plain. B.Daring and ambitious. C.Serious and hard to follow. D.Humorous and straightforward. D 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 说明文 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 308 ★★★ Men hunted. Women gathered. But the discovery of a woman buried 9,000 years ago in the Andes Mountains with weapons and hunting tools challenges this widely accepted view. The woman, thought to be between 17 and 19 years old when she died, was buried with items that suggested she hunted big-game animals by spear (矛) throwing. The objects accompanying people in death tend to be those that accompanied them in life.Although some scholars have suggested a role for women in ancient hunting, others have dismissed this idea even when hunting tools were uncovered in female burials. To examine whether this woman found at this site was an exception, the researchers examined 429 skeletons at 107 burial sites from around 8,000 to 14,000 years ago. Of those, 27 individuals were buried with hunting tools — 11 were female and 16 were male. The sample was sufficient to “justify the conclusion that female participation in early big-game hunting was likely nontrivial,” said lead study author Haas. The findings add to doubts about “man-the-hunter” assumption about early humans since the mid-20th century. That theory assumes that it was men who went out and hunted, bringing home meat to feed women and children, who were responsible for gathering berries, plants and nuts. But recent research suggests hunting was very much a community - based activity, needing the participation of all able-bodied individuals to drive large animals, the study said. Meanwhile, the spears used at that time had low accuracy, encouraging participation, and using it was a skill learned from childhood. Women may also have been freed from child care demands by “allo-parenting” — raising children was a job shared by many. “Our findings have made me rethink the most basic organizational structure of ancient hunter-gatherer groups, and human groups more generally,” Haas said. 12.The discovery of the buried woman shows A.she was killed by a big-game animal B.she might use hunting tools when alive C.women were good at throwing spears D.women were buried alone after death 13.What does the underlined word “nontrivial” in paragraph 3 probably means? A.Limited. B.Direct. C.Significant. D.Passive. 14.Which of the following leads to women's involvement in hunting? ① allo-parenting ②big-game hunting ③tasks of gathering ④less accurate tools A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①③④ D.①②④ 15.Haas probably believes that A.most of our ancestors were buried with hunting tools B.we should reconsider previous views on human groups C.division of labor in hunter-gatherer society remains unchanged D.the tomb found in the Andes justifies“man-the-hunter”assumption 二、七选五 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 说明文 人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 294 ★★ Leonardo da Vinci and Nature In the modern world, art and science are two very separate activities, but in Leonardo's time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies. 1 Mathematics included practical work like surveying land for making maps as well as measuring the movements of the stars in the sky. An artist might need to measure the different parts of the body. He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct. 2 Mathematics was also connected to music because musical sounds have a fixed relationship with each other that can be described in numbers. 3 More than this, though, Leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world, including music, and he said that “without them nothing can be done” . “Nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy,” wrote Leonardo. In all his activities, Leonardo was trying to discover the rules that control nature. In his search for those rules, he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details. Actual experience was more important to him than opinion, and he worked from facts to ideas. 4 His purpose was to examine the world so he could copy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures. He also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature. 5 His quick little sketches( 素 描 ), often done while wandering outside, helped him to catch a movement or a shape. More careful drawings would be done at a desk with a pen and ruler. In July 2001, a small drawing by Leonardo was sold for $12 million. It was the most expensive drawing in the world. A.Leonardo was always drawing. B.How could these be connected with art? C.Leonardo's ideas were vastly ahead of his time. D.Mathematicians and doctors worked to discover the unknown. E.Above all,Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked. F.You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper. G.Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing. 三、完形填空 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 记叙文 人与自我——做人与做事 309 ★★★ Alvin, 66, was deep in the woods in Grand Cane, Louisiana, last December when something caught his eye. As Alvin , he saw that the object was a broken balloon. Attached was a piece of paper 2 with star stickers. “Dear Santa,” the handwritten 3 read. “My name is Luna. I am four years old. I live in Liberal, Kansas. I would like candy, Spider-Man ball, a puppy. With love, Luna.” Moved by the note, Alvin 4 he was going to make Luna's wish come true. On January 2, 2021, Alvin posted a photo of the balloon and the Christmas list on his Facebook page, asking for help locating the 5 . At first, he wasn't confident that the 6 would work. But as he saw the number of people sharing his post climb into the hundreds, “My hope grew into 7 ,”Alvin says. Meanwhile, Leticia, Luna's mother, whose family had a hard time in the past year, had no idea that such an effort was 8 . One day in early January, “Someone found Luna's balloon,” said a friend in the call. 9 by her friend many times, she logged on to Facebook and saw Alvin's post. Leticia was 10 . But, before reaching out to Alvin, she 11 . She hadn't really expected anyone would find the balloons, let alone 12 to buy gifts for her daughter. When Alvin told her it would mean a lot to him to 13 the girl's wishes, she agreed to let him send some gifts. Now, after having received much 14 , Leticia and Luna intend to pay it forward. “Luckily, our prayers are answered,” she says. “When you ask for something, it may not happen 15 , but it will happen some day.” 1.A.returned B.settled C.wandered D.approached 2.A.filled B.mixed C.wrapped D.decorated 3.A.note B.diary C.poster D.notice 4.A.explained B.admitted C.decided D.reported 5.A.editor B.sender C.sponsor D.organizer 6.A.advice B.desire C.strategy D.preparation 7.A.regrets B.doubts C.expectations D.curiosity 8.A.under way B.on air C.at hand D.in need 9.A.Tricked B.Warned C.Scolded D.Urged 10.A.bored B.touched C.shocked D.interested 11.A.hesitated B.insisted C.suffered D.complained 12.A.struggle B.offer C.afford D.continue 13.A.discover B.spread C.realize D.treasure 14.A.respect B.generosity C.guidance D.education 15.A.immediately B.completely C.eventually D.roughly 四、语法填空 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 说明文 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 249 ★★★ In China,even for the most accomplished chefs,cooking 1 (involve)improvising with the ingredients(原料)on hand: feel and taste. For the Chinese, the idea of exact time and amounts in cooking is an alien concept. In fact, times and measuring cups won't 2 (find) in a traditional Chinese kitchen. Nor will a Chinese cook asked 3 he or she makes a particular dish respond with clear 4 (quantity)of ingredients and an exact cooking time, for such concrete instructions are almost non-existent in the world of Chinese cuisine. 5 (make) Chinese food can be very time consuming. One reason is 6 the preparation before the actual cooking takes time, as ingredients for the same dish are 7 (typical) cut into uniform shapes, and preferably into bite-sized pieces. Chinese cooking employs different methods according to the nature of the ingredients, the 8 (long) of cooking time, and the degree of heat. The major emphasis, though, is on enhancing the natural flavor of ingredients, as well as retaining nutrients. Almost every Chinese kitchen has 9 bamboo steamer. In this method, foods are put in the steamer above boiling water. This technique preserves the colors, flavors and nutrients of the food. A good cook knows which techniques to use 10 (combine)the natural flavors of the ingredients for the best taste and nutrition. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 五、应用文写作 假如你是李华，你校跳绳俱乐部将举行活动，想邀请新西兰交换 生Mary 参加。现请你给她写一封邮件，包括以下内容： 1.活动的时间和地点；2.活动的内容；3.邀请参加。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：跳绳skip rope Dear Mary, Yours, Li Hua 六、读后续写 体裁 注题语境 词数 难度 记叙文 人与自我——做人与做事 369 ★★★ The summer I turned 16, my father gave me his 69 Chevy Malibu convertible(敞篷车). Beautifully repainted cherry red with V-8 engine — it was a gift wasted on me at that age.What did I know about classic cars? The important thing was that Hannah and I could drive around Tucson with the top down. Hannah was my best friend, a year younger but much taller, almost five foot ten. “Hannah's a beautiful girl,” my mother always said. And sure enough, that summer she signed with a modeling agency. She was already doing runway work. A month after my birthday, Hannah and I went to the movies. On the way home, we stopped at the McDonald's drive-through, putting the fries on the seat between us to share. “Let's ride around a while,” I said. It was a clear night, oven-warm, full moon casting low over the desert. Making a turn too fast, I hit a patch of dirt and the back of the car slid to the other side. I then drove through a neighbor's landscape wall and knocked into a full-grown palm. The front wheels came to rest half way up the tree trunk. There were French fries on the floor, the dash(仪表盘), and my lap. An impossible amount of blood was on Hannah's face, flaps of skin hanging into her eyes. They took us in separate ambulances. In the ER, my parents spoke quietly, “Best plastic surgeon in the city... but it is more likely to be the end of her modeling career...” We'd been wearing lap belts, but the car didn't have shoulder bands. I'd broken my cheek bone on the steering wheel; Hannah's forehead had split wide open on the dash. What would I say to her? When her mother, Sharon, came into my hospital room, I started to cry, preparing myself for her anger. She sat beside me and took my hand. “I rear-ended(追尾) my best friend when I was your age,” she said. “I destroyed her car and mine.” “I'm so sorry.” I said, knowing Sharon was trying her best to comfort me and helping me out of my terrible sense of guilt and self-blame. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150词左右。 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 “The most important is that you're both alive.I forgive you and Hannah will too,”she said. Sharon's forgiveness allowed Hannah and me to return to our normal life. 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$