考点 32 阅读理解之议论文（讲练结合）-备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习重难点冲冲冲（全国通用）

考点32 阅读理解之议论文 备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习重难点冲冲冲 一、议论文的特点 议论文基本的思路是“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”。议论文的模式往往是主张——反主张。作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点，然后进行澄清，说明自己的主张或观点，或者提出反主张或真实情况。议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题，文章主旨题以及推理判断题。 二、题型分析及解题策略 1. 事实细节题。 议论文中设计的事实细节题往往以why? how many/much等方式提问。这类题可从作者在阐述某个观点时所列举的例证中留意上述细节内容,直接获得答案。 2. 词义猜测题。  议论文试题常以“What is the meaning of the underlined word ... in paragraph ...?”等来设问。词义猜测离不开特定的语境和上下文，所以解题时可以利用一些猜词技巧，如同义词、近义词、反义词等方法。 3. 推理判断题。  常见的推理判断题主要考查写作目的、作者态度、结论推断和出处推断等。常以What was the writer’s attitude ...?等形式来设问。对于总括理解性题，文章中有时不会直接发表观点,而是要求考生根据文章所提供的事实推断出其结论或所蕴含的道理。另外,推理判断题针对的不一定是全文或作者本人的观点,也可能是针对文章的某一处或某一细节。  4. 主旨大意题。  主旨大意题通常涉及概括全文大意、段落大意和选择标题，常以What does the text mainly tell us? What would be the best title for the text? 等来设问。识别各段落的主题句并由此归纳出文章的中心思想是解答主旨大意题的关键。 A There is great excitement and argument over Artificial Intelligence (AI). The argument about whether robots will replace teachers in the classroom is very heated. Some people think it is sure to happen in the next ten years. Others think that the value a good teacher brings, not only to the classroom setting, but in developing a child’s confidence and creativity outside lessons, cannot be easily replaced. AI is not new for us and is already being used successfully in many fields, such as medicine, science and so on. So what does this mean for our future? In my view, AI will help kids to think more freely and creatively. Can AI possibly cut down the teaching work in the future? Of course. Our teachers are always busy preparing for their lessons. Just imagine how happy they will be if they don’t have to correct hundreds of papers, but instead, have this task or others done by machines. However, most importantly, I do not believe AI will be able to imitate the human mental condition totally, especially emotional intelligence (情商). What makes learning unforgettable is shared experience, human interaction, and long-lasting positive relationships. For example, experienced teachers can comfort a student if he has suffered a serious loss. But no research shows that robots can imitate this well. I also believe we need to develop our kids’ personality and their ability not only to make decisions but also make the right decision. To achieve this, depending only on AI is impossible. In short, AI has both its advantages and disadvantages. To what degree can teachers use AI in their classes? You can have all the information you want with the help of AI, but great teachers will also need to depend on their own feelings. 1．The writer starts the passage by ________. A．telling a story B．comparing different views C．pointing out his opinion D．giving some suggestions 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The successful usage of AI in many fields. B．AI helps teachers to correct hundreds of papers. C．How helpful AI will be to both students and teachers. D．Teachers can help kids think more freely and creatively than AI. 3．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “imitate” in Paragraph 3? A．Imagine. B．Produce. C．Control. D．Copy. 4．What’s the structure of the passage? (P—Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 5．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Will AI Replace Teachers in the Classroom? B．What can AI Bring Students in the Classroom? C．Is AI a Good Way to Help with Children’s Learning? D．How do Teachers Use AI in Their Classroom Teaching? B 请阅读下面的短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 As the saying goes, “If you can’t be a forest, you can be a tree. If you can’t be the sun, try to learn to be a star.” Most of the time, it is not the size that determines (决定) success or failure, but the fact that we should be the best ourselves. Maybe you’re not the one who gets the highest score in a test in your class. Maybe you’re not the kid your parents are so proud of. In fact, there are many dreams that we cannot realize because we need to improve our abilities and skills. It could also be that many dreams themselves take a lot of time. We need to be patient. After we fail many times, we will get a lot of experience and wisdom. We will be stronger and more hopeful after this. In this process, we change our hearts and feelings and try our best. It’s called being the best ourselves. The forest is home to many animals. It provides food and safety for them, but a small tree can also be a place of unwind for the birds. The sun makes people warm and it can provide all the energy needed for life on the earth, but stars can also light the way for those who walk at night, and give hope and direction to those in trouble. Everyone can be helpful to others and society as long as we make efforts to do our best. Everyone has their own talents and abilities. There’s a proper place for everyone. We don’t need to make those dreams far away from us come true. Until then, choose to be true and be best self, you will make a difference in the world. 6．Why might some dreams take a long time to achieve? A．Because people are usually not patient. B．Because all dreams are difficult to realize. C．Because we don’t have enough abilities and skills. 7．According to the passage, how can we be the best ourselves? A．By getting the highest score. B．By learning from the failure. C．By being the pride of our parents. 8．What does the underlined phrase “a place of unwind” probably mean? A．A resting place. B．A boring place. C．An exciting place. 9．Why does the writer talk about the forest, the tree, the sun and the stars in Paragraph 3? A．To show we can make our dreams come true. B．To show the size determines success or failure. C．To show we can make ourselves helpful if we try our best. 10．What’s the best title of this passage? A．Practice Hard for Success B．Never Give up Your Dreams C．Improve Yourself to Be the Best C Do you remember a time when people were a little nicer, a little softer with each other? I certainly do, and I feel that much of the world has got away from that. I see such a difference in New York City, for example, from the time I first moved here more than 20 years ago: people now rush into lifts without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never say “thank you” when others hold a door open for them, or “please” when they want a classmate to hand them something. We get lazy, and we think that something like a simple “thank you” doesn’t really matter. But in fact it can matter much. It is that no matter how nicely we dress, how beautifully we decorate our homes, or how lovely our dinner parties are, we can’t be really stylish (漂亮的) without good manners. In fact, I think of good manners as a kind of hidden beauty. Haven’t you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting more beautiful? They become Cary Grant or Lauren Bacall right before our eyes. It’s funny how that happens, but it does. Take the long-lost art of saying “thank you” for example. Like wearing a little lipstick (口红) or making sure your hair is neat (整洁的), getting into the habit of saying “thank you” can make you feel better about yourself, and then you will look better to everyone around you. 11．The writer found that people in New York City were ________ 20 years ago. A．much more beautiful B．not polite to each other C．too lazy to do any work D．very polite to each other 12．The writer thinks that ________. A．good manners are still with us B．a simple “think you” doesn’t matter much C．good manners are a kind of beauty D．without good manners one will be lazy 13．According to the second paragraph, we can guess that Cary Grant must be ________. A．really stylish B．very lazy C．quite funny D．rather foolish 14．From the passage, we know that saying “thank you” is a kind of ________. A．art B．fun C．secret D．generosity (慷慨) 15．The main idea of the last paragraph is ________. A．we should get on well with everyone around B．one should make it a habit to be polite to others C．to make ourselves look beautiful or nice is very important D．wearing lipstick or making hair neat can make you feel better D Personally, there is nothing I love more than asking “stupid” questions, especially the ones that have no right answers. I remember once asking some kids what time it was, at home, in Singapore, and finally on the Moon. After a long silence, finally a shy girl ventured (试探地说) to say that it was “every time” followed by an energetic Einstein who shouted it was “no time”. Both kids shared that week’s Noble Prize because no humans live in that faraway world and time is created by humans. As a matter of fact, we are all good at asking questions by nature, but sadly as we age, we get used to the world around us and take things for granted. We became more results-oriented (注重结果的) and concentrate our efforts on success. If something is working, don’t fix it or worry about the cause; just relax and go with the flow. Common belief may work well, but that does not mean it is always right. Throughout history, it has been those who have questioned common belief and those who have challenged our common-sense ideas of the world that have been the ones to have brought about major progress in human civilization. In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round because sailors on the sea had noticed that the farther south they went, the more different stars they saw in the sky. Why was the sky changing? Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the “crazy” concept of heliocentrism (日心说), in which the Sun lies at the center of the universe while the Earth circles around it at 30 kilometers per second. But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet? The answer to this question would not be clear for another century. People like routine, but past performance is no guarantee of future results. While those who challenge common belief tend to be subjected to abuse, the progress of humankind would have otherwise been impossible without these persistent people and their “stupid” questions. 16．What commonly happens to us when we grow older according to the author? A．We focus too much on process. B．We still refuse to relax and go with the flow. C．We start to challenge common-sense ideas of the world. D．We gradually lose the ability to question common belief. 17．What’s the correct order of the following statements? a. The ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round. b. Galileo Galilei raised the concept of heliocentrism. c. We know about the concept of gravity. d. Sailors noticed something special. A．adcb B．adbc C．dabc D．dacb 18．Who might have solved the question “why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet?” A．An ancient Greek scientist living in 500 BC． B．Galileo Galilei living between 1564 and 1642. C．Isaac Newton living between 1643 and 1727. D．Albert Einstein living between 1879 and 1955. 19．How does the author develop his writing on the whole? A．By comparison and contrast B．By using supporting examples. C．By using time and space order. D．By generalization and definition. A （2024·北京·中考真题） Almost everyone has experienced the feeling of discomfort when their actions do not agree with their inner values. A man, for example, values work-life balance yet works 80 hours every week, caring little about his own health and family. Another example is a boy who holds his parents’ love dear but gets angry at them in a moment of stress; or a woman who hopes to live healthily but gives in to the attraction of fast food during moments of weakness. This disagreement can lead to serious results, such as worsening relationships, limited personal growth, and self-doubt. The emotional effects of feeling out of control and unable to live up to our own standards can also be deeply harmful. The shame and upset that go along with these feelings often force us into silence, resulting in more self-doubt. One reason for this silence might be that admitting (承认) to these behaviors can feel like showing a weakness or mistake that society tells us should be kept hidden. What’s more, recognizing this disagreement requires coming face to face with uncomfortable truths about ourselves—a process that is as discouraging as it is necessary for growth. Recognizing and addressing these behaviors can provide a possibility of change. By looking into the causes of our behaviors, we can begin to understand our actions more easily and work toward sticking to our beliefs. Research supports the idea that recognizing this disagreement, together with mindfulness and open communication, can help with this process. These methods help us slow down, reflect (反思), and choose behaviors that follow our values more closely, even in the face of old habits or immediate needs. The key to dealing with this disagreement lies in compassion (同情) for ourselves and others. By developing a culture of openness and by understanding the challenges of aligning behaviors with beliefs, we can begin to break down what prevents us from having conversation and change. Admitting that this disagreement is a shared part of the human experience can enable us to speak openly, find support, and take necessary steps toward the agreement between our inner world and our actions. While the disagreement between our inner values and actions may be common, through reflection, understanding and purposeful practice, we can bridge the divide and set out on a journey of self-discovery. 1．Why does the writer use the examples in Paragraph 1? A．To stress an unavoidable need. B．To show a result of the wrong values. C．To describe a common human experience. D．To introduce a change in people’s relationships. 2．What does the word “aligning” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Matching. B．Comparing. C．Mixing. D．Confusing. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Discomfort forces us to give up our beliefs. B．Our behaviors weaken our understandings of life. C．Open communication makes it possible for us to change. D．Keeping silent allows us time to live up to our standards. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to stay true to their beliefs. B．To prove the importance of having the right values. C．To compare different ways to deal with discomfort. D．To discuss the influence of people’s improper actions. B （2024·吉林长春·中考真题） ①Is the summer vacation long enough to turn life for the better? Every person has his own talents and interests. Find something you care about, and you will see the difference. ②Organize a clean-up program. People often throw litter in the place where there is already litter. This leaves the community in a mess. The environment will become better if someone volunteers to help. You could pick up the rubbish with your friends once a week in your neighborhood. You could also help take care of the plants every few days. Surely, a clean and tidy neighborhood will be worth the work. ③Show your love to the old. Our city has some old people’s homes. Without children around them, the old people there might feel lonely once in a while. Maybe they need your help. In fact, you can do a lot for them. For example, you can talk with them or play games with them. Listening to them carefully is also a good idea. Some old people can’t see clearly and they would like you to read to them. No matter what small things you do, you can make them feel loved. ④Set up a reading project with your friends. Share your favorite books with them. Besides, you may read aloud to each other and talk about what you read. Either a book or an article can spark a lively discussion and your further thinking. The process often challenges more people to take action. The project is also a good way to welcome newcomers. At the same time, you may find new friends with similar hobbies. ⑤A two-month summer vacation isn’t that long, but it’s enough to make a difference. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 5．How often could you pick up the rubbish according to the passage? A．Once a week. B．Every few weeks. C．Once a month. D．Every few months. 6．Why do you need to read to some old people at the old people’s homes? A．Because you can think further. B．Because you are good at reading. C．Because they can’t see clearly. D．Because they are away from their homes. 7．What does the underlined word “spark” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Finish. B．Start. C．Increase. D．Separate. 8．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1  ②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 9．What is the passage mainly about? A．The people with different interests. B．The greatest time to make a difference. C．The reasons for a different summer vacation. D．The ways of making a summer vacation different. C （2024·内蒙古包头·中考真题） In China, more and more people read at community reading rooms. For example, Luyang district of Hefei has built more than 100 reading rooms in recent years, so people can enjoy the fun of reading at their doorsteps. In the UK, 3,718 libraries provide different kinds of services, including lending out books and offering a free, warm and safe space for people to go to. Some libraries make it easier to borrow books: for example, by delivering books to library users’ doorsteps. Libraries do more than house books. They provide people with other services and tools, such as computers, and create a sense of community. However, many libraries in the UK are at risk of closing because they can’t afford the cost of operating. Library fines (罚款) are carried out when people don’t return books on time. Many people in the UK believe that fines are needed because they help libraries improve services, and prevent people from returning books late. Without fines, people might be more relaxed and many more books could be returned late. After all, some books are so popular that there can be a waiting list for people who want to read it next. Libraries only work if people borrowing books return them on time, ready for other library users to enjoy. However, one third of Britain’s libraries are fine-free now. This means some library users who don’t return books by the date agreed are not charged (收费). Besides, people who don’t have much money really depend on libraries to help them save some money, not spend it. Many libraries have got rid of fines all together, which makes libraries more welcoming environments. So, should libraries stop fining people? See what we find in other countries. 10．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Libraries are facing more challenges. B．Libraries are popular with young readers. C．It’s convenient for people to read nowadays. D．It’s not easy to find a place to relax after work. 11．Why are many libraries in the UK at risk of closing? A．Some people break the library rules. B．They can’t afford the cost of operating. C．They are short of books and computers. D．More community libraries have been built. 12．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Library fines can be stressful to readers. B．Libraries need money to improve services. C．There are different views on library fines in Britain. D．People prefer reading in community reading rooms. 13．What might the author continue talking about? A．Library rules in the UK. B．Good reading habits around the UK. C．Designs for libraries in Asia and Europe. D．Facts about library fines in other countries. D （2024·河北·中考真题） At an early age, we start learning how to manage money by watching our parents’ spending habits. Don’t worry if we haven’t learned well how to save or spend money. The following life lessons about money can help us form good spending habits. Money doesn’t grow on trees. As kids, we don’t often think about where money comes from. We need to know that our parents work hard to make money, and that it may be used up one day. Going to their workplaces to watch how they work is a great way to understand money is not that easy to make. We shouldn’t spend all our money in one go. It’s important for us to have a budget (预算) . In other words, we need to think about how much money we have and what we really want to spend it on. Realizing that our pocket money can’t cover everything we want, we should make smart spending choices. We should set a clear goal and watch our money grow. If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it, we can save our pocket money. How? Write down how much money we have in a notebook and watch it grow. After we have enough, we can buy that wonderful bicycle we’ve dreamed about! Reaching our goal will greatly satiate us. We can talk with our parents about how money is used and where money goes. Do you know what a bank account (账户) is? If not, communicate with our parents. We can also go to the supermarket with our parents to experience how money is spent in the real world. Without doubt, we should treat money in a right way. Actually, learning about money isn’t a hard job. From these lessons, we can get a sense of money management and right money values step by step! 14．Where does money come from according to the text? A．Parents’ hard work. B．Kids’ life lessons. C．Good spending habits. D．The bank account. 15．What does the writer want kids to do by giving the example of buying a bicycle? A．Buy a wonderful notebook. B．Make a free spending choice. C．Set a goal of saving money. D．Have an experience of shopping. 16．What does the underlined word “satiate” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Relax. B．Interest. C．Surprise. D．Satisfy. 17．Which of the following will the writer probably agree with? A．Adults can make money grow more. B．Kids should have a money spending plan. C．Parents may give kids lots of pocket money. D．Supermarkets will be places to change money. 18．What is the best title for the text? A．Causes of Spending Money B．Ways of Managing Money C．Purposes of Treating Money D．Conditions of Saving Money A （2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·二模） Most people follow others blindly. Some people feel it safe to follow other people. In some rare cases it might be right, but in most cases this can make a big mistake. Ninety-five percent of people never succeed because they are following the wrong group. Actually there are reasons why we shouldn’t follow others blindly. According to a study, people always follow others when they aren’t sure about the direction they should take. This means a large number of people could be following others without understanding what’s right and what’s wrong! This attracts more people to follow them and the result is that most people move in a certain direction even if it is wrong. A man who wants to be successful always hopes for guidance from others and he usually follows the same path of most people, but the question this man never asks himself is, “Are all of those people successful?” Of course not! If you want to follow a group, then follow a successful one. However, in real life you’ll only find one successful person among hundreds of people, and that’s why following others makes no sense at all. Most people act without thinking wisely. If you always follow others because they’re greater than you, then sooner or later you’ll discover that you’re making decisions you might regret later. However, should we never follow others? No. But just think wisely before you make a decision. If you find others are right, there is no problem in following them, but if you doubt the direction they’re moving in, don’t follow them blindly. 19．What’s the percent of people who will succeed if they are following the wrong group? A．95% B．5% C．10% D．15% 20．What does the underlined word “guidance “ in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．suggestions B．money C．care D．love 21．Why do most people like to follow others blindly according to the passage ? A．Because they don’t want to be different. B．Because they are affected by the people around them. C．Because they’re sure to take the right direction. D．Because they don’t want to make themselves successful. 22．What’s the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 23．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Advantages of following others. B．Examples of following others. C．Reasons for not following others blindly. D．Ways of following others. B （2024·广东汕头·一模） From an early age, we were taught that if we wanted to be successful, we had to study hard and get good results at school. In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they don’t like, and some even lead to an unhappy life. Why is it like that? In some parents’ eyes, school grades matter most for their kids. In reality, there are many things to consider besides the school subjects, for example, how to be a happy person, what to do to keep healthy, and how to get along well with others. That is to say, school is not just enough if you want to have a great life. Doing well in school is different from doing well in life. Studies show that people who failed at school may not end up failing in life. You may have already known that some famous people, like Thomas Edison and Steve Jobs, didn’t do very well at school or even failed to finish school. In fact, there are a lot more than just the big shots who are successful in life without finishing school. They seize every chance to learn and finally make it to the top. Life is really a long lesson, so long that you can’t define (界定) a person’s success by just one section of it. If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life. If you are still studying, whether you are good or bad at school, don’t take your school results too seriously as long as you have put your heart into it. Keep learning to make the most of your talents. That’s how you can live a happy and successful life. 24．Where is this passage most probably from? A．A story book. B．An art magazine. C．A guidebook. D．An education magazine. 25．How does the writer lead in the topic in Paragraph One? A．By asking a question. B．By giving an example. C．By explaining the result. D．By comparing differences. 26．What does the underlined word “seize” probably mean? A．Respect. B．Catch. C．Save. D．Face. 27．According to the passage, which of the following is true? A．School grades are not everything. B．Successful people never do well in school. C．It takes money to be successful. D．Bad school results lead to an unhappy life. 28．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Learning is a lifelong journey B．Good grades and successful life C．Failure is the mother of success D．Famous people learn well C （2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·一模） Some people are very careful about everything they do. However, some people are risk-takers—they usually do things without thinking too much about the results. For example, teens are especially likely to take more risks than others. Why is this? Van Duijvenvoorde, a professor at Leiden University in the Netherlands, uses computer games to find out why some people are more impulsive (容易冲动的) than others. In one game, players are asked to click on a balloon on a computer screen. Every time they click, the balloon gets bigger. The bigger the balloon is at the end of the test, the larger their reward will be. But if the balloon gets too big, it’ll blow off and the player will get nothing. Van Duijvenvoorde found that when teens played this game, a part of their brain which is called the striatum (纹状物) would become much more active. “Actually, this part of the brain controls our emotional response (情绪反应) to rewards. On the other hand, another part of the brain, the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质), helps us control our decision—making process. It turns out that young people have more active striatums and less active prefrontal cortexes which affect their ability to make careful decisions. You might have already guessed that teens would pop more balloons during the game than adults—mainly because they are more willing to take risks and don’t take the time to think carefully. “The teen brain is like a car with a very strong engine,” Van Duijvenvoorde said. “Its brakes just don’t work as well.” 29．The experiment studied ________. A．why people are impulsive sometimes B．why teens like playing computer games C．why adults make bad decisions D．why teens are more impulsive than adults 30．During the experiment, teens were more likely to ________. A．click the balloon very carefully B．click the balloon until it blew off C．stop clicking the balloon when it got too big D．stop clicking the balloon while it was small 31．What do we know about risk-takers? A．They take more time to make decisions. B．They have larger prefrontal cortexes. C．They get more excited about rewards. D．The striatum in their brains is less active. 32．The underlined word “brakes” should be ________ in Chinese. A．发动机 B．车轮 C．方向盘 D．刹车 33．The structure of the passage is ________. (①=Para 1) A．①/②/③④⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①/②③/④⑤ D．①②③④⑤ D （2024·湖北武汉·一模） Strange events in the sky, such as speeding lights or flying objects, which cannot be explained are called UFOs. Some people believe they could be a sign of aliens. Many people think there are intelligent life forms in the universe (宇宙) other than humans. However, millions of pounds have been spent searching for aliens and no one has found proof (证据). Some people think it is a waste of money and people’s skills. So, is searching for aliens worth the money and effort? Here are two different voices. It’s a mystery that needs to be solved. “Are humans alone in the universe?” is a question that has inspired centuries of debate (辩论), dating back thousands of years and at least as far as the ancient Greeks. It is a question that has inspired hundreds of books and films, which shows how important it is to people. If someone sees a UFO, we need to find out what it is. Scientists searching for aliens could create new technologies and these could do good to Earth. For example, the small, lightweight camera on phones was developed so astronauts could take photos in space. Plus, if we were to discover aliens, we might be able to share knowledge with each other and create friendships across the universe. ________ There are many important problems here on Earth—such as climate (气候) change. People should focus energy on these rather than searching the universe for aliens that might not even exist (存在). Many people have spent lots of money trying to find signs of alien life and there is no result. Videos of flashing lights and strange objects in the sky might make good stories but in fact there is probably a reasonable explanation, such as a dirty mark on the camera lens (镜头). Besides, if aliens do exist, they will probably find us first so we might as well stop wasting our energy on them and spend it making Earth a better place to live. 34．Paragraph 2 mainly focuses on ________. A．what aliens are like B．what people’s different opinions are C．how people found proof D．how much money has been wasted 35．According to paragraph 3, searching for aliens could ________. A．make people more friendly B．have started from ancient Greeks C．inspire humans’ creativity D．develop the entertainment business 36．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．Humans have tried for years to find UFOs B．People should put more effort into space C．The money could be put to better use D．More discoveries do good to Earth 37．The underlined word “these” refers to ________. A．signs of alien life B．stories on science C．videos of flashing lights D．problems on Earth 38．A debate is given to make readers ________. A．discuss a subject B．show off abilities C．compete for a prize D．learn from mistakes 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 考点32 阅读理解之议论文 备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习重难点冲冲冲 一、议论文的特点 议论文基本的思路是“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”。议论文的模式往往是主张——反主张。作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点，然后进行澄清，说明自己的主张或观点，或者提出反主张或真实情况。议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题，文章主旨题以及推理判断题。 二、题型分析及解题策略 1. 事实细节题。 议论文中设计的事实细节题往往以why? how many/much等方式提问。这类题可从作者在阐述某个观点时所列举的例证中留意上述细节内容,直接获得答案。 2. 词义猜测题。  议论文试题常以“What is the meaning of the underlined word ... in paragraph ...?”等来设问。词义猜测离不开特定的语境和上下文，所以解题时可以利用一些猜词技巧，如同义词、近义词、反义词等方法。 3. 推理判断题。  常见的推理判断题主要考查写作目的、作者态度、结论推断和出处推断等。常以What was the writer’s attitude ...?等形式来设问。对于总括理解性题，文章中有时不会直接发表观点,而是要求考生根据文章所提供的事实推断出其结论或所蕴含的道理。另外,推理判断题针对的不一定是全文或作者本人的观点,也可能是针对文章的某一处或某一细节。  4. 主旨大意题。  主旨大意题通常涉及概括全文大意、段落大意和选择标题，常以What does the text mainly tell us? What would be the best title for the text? 等来设问。识别各段落的主题句并由此归纳出文章的中心思想是解答主旨大意题的关键。 A There is great excitement and argument over Artificial Intelligence (AI). The argument about whether robots will replace teachers in the classroom is very heated. Some people think it is sure to happen in the next ten years. Others think that the value a good teacher brings, not only to the classroom setting, but in developing a child’s confidence and creativity outside lessons, cannot be easily replaced. AI is not new for us and is already being used successfully in many fields, such as medicine, science and so on. So what does this mean for our future? In my view, AI will help kids to think more freely and creatively. Can AI possibly cut down the teaching work in the future? Of course. Our teachers are always busy preparing for their lessons. Just imagine how happy they will be if they don’t have to correct hundreds of papers, but instead, have this task or others done by machines. However, most importantly, I do not believe AI will be able to imitate the human mental condition totally, especially emotional intelligence (情商). What makes learning unforgettable is shared experience, human interaction, and long-lasting positive relationships. For example, experienced teachers can comfort a student if he has suffered a serious loss. But no research shows that robots can imitate this well. I also believe we need to develop our kids’ personality and their ability not only to make decisions but also make the right decision. To achieve this, depending only on AI is impossible. In short, AI has both its advantages and disadvantages. To what degree can teachers use AI in their classes? You can have all the information you want with the help of AI, but great teachers will also need to depend on their own feelings. 1．The writer starts the passage by ________. A．telling a story B．comparing different views C．pointing out his opinion D．giving some suggestions 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The successful usage of AI in many fields. B．AI helps teachers to correct hundreds of papers. C．How helpful AI will be to both students and teachers. D．Teachers can help kids think more freely and creatively than AI. 3．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “imitate” in Paragraph 3? A．Imagine. B．Produce. C．Control. D．Copy. 4．What’s the structure of the passage? (P—Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 5．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Will AI Replace Teachers in the Classroom? B．What can AI Bring Students in the Classroom? C．Is AI a Good Way to Help with Children’s Learning? D．How do Teachers Use AI in Their Classroom Teaching? 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲了对于人工智能是否可以取代老师的观点，作者提出了自己的看法。 1．推理判断题。根据短文开头“ There is great excitement and argument over Artificial Intelligence (AI).”可知，关于人工智能有很大的争论，结合下面“ Some people think it is sure to happen in the next ten years. Others think that the value a good teacher brings, not only to the classroom setting”可知，这是在提出两方的观点，所以文章是以比较观点的方式开始短文内容的。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“ In my view, AI will help kids to think more freely and creatively. Can AI possibly cut down the teaching work in the future? Of course. Our teachers are always busy preparing for their lessons.”可知，这是在讲工智能能帮助学生和老师，C项“人工智能对学生和老师都有很大帮助”符合文意。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“However, most importantly, I do not believe AI will be able to imitate the human mental condition totally, especially emotional intelligence (情商).”，可知，作者认为人工智能不能模仿人类的精神状态，尤其是情商，可知imitate表示“模仿”。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。第一段总领全文引出话题，第二段是讲了AI的好处，第三段指出AI不会代替人的精神，第四段讲了要鼓励孩子的个性和能力，第五段与第一段呼应，所以短文是总分总的结构。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。文章第一段就提出了本文的主旨“The argument about whether robots will replace teachers in the classroom is very heated.”可知本文对于人工智能是否可以取代老师的观点，作者提出了自己的看法。因此，选项A“人工智能会取代课堂教师吗？”适合作为文章标题。故选A。 B 请阅读下面的短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 As the saying goes, “If you can’t be a forest, you can be a tree. If you can’t be the sun, try to learn to be a star.” Most of the time, it is not the size that determines (决定) success or failure, but the fact that we should be the best ourselves. Maybe you’re not the one who gets the highest score in a test in your class. Maybe you’re not the kid your parents are so proud of. In fact, there are many dreams that we cannot realize because we need to improve our abilities and skills. It could also be that many dreams themselves take a lot of time. We need to be patient. After we fail many times, we will get a lot of experience and wisdom. We will be stronger and more hopeful after this. In this process, we change our hearts and feelings and try our best. It’s called being the best ourselves. The forest is home to many animals. It provides food and safety for them, but a small tree can also be a place of unwind for the birds. The sun makes people warm and it can provide all the energy needed for life on the earth, but stars can also light the way for those who walk at night, and give hope and direction to those in trouble. Everyone can be helpful to others and society as long as we make efforts to do our best. Everyone has their own talents and abilities. There’s a proper place for everyone. We don’t need to make those dreams far away from us come true. Until then, choose to be true and be best self, you will make a difference in the world. 6．Why might some dreams take a long time to achieve? A．Because people are usually not patient. B．Because all dreams are difficult to realize. C．Because we don’t have enough abilities and skills. 7．According to the passage, how can we be the best ourselves? A．By getting the highest score. B．By learning from the failure. C．By being the pride of our parents. 8．What does the underlined phrase “a place of unwind” probably mean? A．A resting place. B．A boring place. C．An exciting place. 9．Why does the writer talk about the forest, the tree, the sun and the stars in Paragraph 3? A．To show we can make our dreams come true. B．To show the size determines success or failure. C．To show we can make ourselves helpful if we try our best. 10．What’s the best title of this passage? A．Practice Hard for Success B．Never Give up Your Dreams C．Improve Yourself to Be the Best 【答案】6．C 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文主要论述了关于个人价值和追求的观点，强调不必追求成为最宏大的存在，而应努力做最好的自己。 6．推理判断题。根据“In fact, there are many dreams that we cannot realize because we need to improve our abilities and skills. It could also be that many dreams themselves take a lot of time.”可知，有可能是因为自己的能力和技能不足，才需要花费很长时间才能实现梦想。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据“After we fail many times, we will get a lot of experience and wisdom. We will be stronger and more hopeful after this. In this process, we change our hearts and feelings and try our best. It’s called being the best ourselves.”可知，通过从失败中学习，我们可以成为最好的自己。故选B。 8．词义猜测题。根据“The forest is home to many animals. It provides food and safety for them, but a small tree can also be a place of unwind for the birds.”可知，此处所描述的都是好的一面，表示森林是许多动物的家园，它为动物们提供食物和安全保障，但一棵小树也可以是鸟儿放松的地方。划线词汇“a place of unwind”意为“一个放松的地方”，结合选项，划线词汇也可意为“一个休息的地方”。故选A。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段“The forest is home to many animals. It provides food and safety for them, but a small tree can also be a place of unwind for the birds. The sun makes people warm and it can provide all the energy needed for life on the earth, but stars can also light the way for those who walk at night, and give hope and direction to those in trouble. Everyone can be helpful to others and society as long as we make efforts to do our best.”可知，作者通过森林和树、太阳和星星的比喻来说明我们只要尽力，就能使自己对他人和社会有用。故选C。 10．最佳标题题。通读全文后可知，本文主要论述了关于个人价值和追求的观点，强调不必追求成为最宏大的存在，而应努力做最好的自己。选项C“提升自我，成为最好的自己”符合文意，为最佳标题。故选C。 C Do you remember a time when people were a little nicer, a little softer with each other? I certainly do, and I feel that much of the world has got away from that. I see such a difference in New York City, for example, from the time I first moved here more than 20 years ago: people now rush into lifts without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never say “thank you” when others hold a door open for them, or “please” when they want a classmate to hand them something. We get lazy, and we think that something like a simple “thank you” doesn’t really matter. But in fact it can matter much. It is that no matter how nicely we dress, how beautifully we decorate our homes, or how lovely our dinner parties are, we can’t be really stylish (漂亮的) without good manners. In fact, I think of good manners as a kind of hidden beauty. Haven’t you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting more beautiful? They become Cary Grant or Lauren Bacall right before our eyes. It’s funny how that happens, but it does. Take the long-lost art of saying “thank you” for example. Like wearing a little lipstick (口红) or making sure your hair is neat (整洁的), getting into the habit of saying “thank you” can make you feel better about yourself, and then you will look better to everyone around you. 11．The writer found that people in New York City were ________ 20 years ago. A．much more beautiful B．not polite to each other C．too lazy to do any work D．very polite to each other 12．The writer thinks that ________. A．good manners are still with us B．a simple “think you” doesn’t matter much C．good manners are a kind of beauty D．without good manners one will be lazy 13．According to the second paragraph, we can guess that Cary Grant must be ________. A．really stylish B．very lazy C．quite funny D．rather foolish 14．From the passage, we know that saying “thank you” is a kind of ________. A．art B．fun C．secret D．generosity (慷慨) 15．The main idea of the last paragraph is ________. A．we should get on well with everyone around B．one should make it a habit to be polite to others C．to make ourselves look beautiful or nice is very important D．wearing lipstick or making hair neat can make you feel better 【答案】11．D 12．C 13．A 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文谈论了礼貌，作者认为现代人变得越来越懒了，做事时连基本的礼貌用语都不说；作者认为礼貌是一种美，每个人都应养成对别人有礼貌的习惯。 11．推理判断题。根据“for example, from the time I first moved here more than 20 years ago: people now rush into lifts without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never say ‘thank you’ when others hold a door open for them, or ‘please’ when they want a classmate to hand them something.”可知现在的人不让电梯里的人先下就冲进电梯，别人帮忙开门时不说“谢谢”，想让同学拿东西也不说“请”；由此推知20年前的人比现在的人更懂礼貌。故选D。 12．细节理解题。根据“In fact, I think of good manners as a kind of hidden beauty.”可知作者认为好的礼貌是一种美。故选C。 13．推理判断题。根据“Haven’t you noticed that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting more beautiful? They become Cary Grant or Lauren Bacall right before our eyes.”可推知Cary Grant一定很漂亮。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据“Take the long-lost art of saying ‘thank you’ for example.”可知说“谢谢”是一门艺术。故选A。 15．段落大意题。根据“getting into the habit of saying ‘thank you’ can make you feel better about yourself, and then you will look better to everyone around you.”可知养成说“谢谢”的习惯可以让你感觉更好，然后在你周围的人眼中你会更好看，即最后一段是说我们应该养成对别人有礼貌的习惯。故选B。 D Personally, there is nothing I love more than asking “stupid” questions, especially the ones that have no right answers. I remember once asking some kids what time it was, at home, in Singapore, and finally on the Moon. After a long silence, finally a shy girl ventured (试探地说) to say that it was “every time” followed by an energetic Einstein who shouted it was “no time”. Both kids shared that week’s Noble Prize because no humans live in that faraway world and time is created by humans. As a matter of fact, we are all good at asking questions by nature, but sadly as we age, we get used to the world around us and take things for granted. We became more results-oriented (注重结果的) and concentrate our efforts on success. If something is working, don’t fix it or worry about the cause; just relax and go with the flow. Common belief may work well, but that does not mean it is always right. Throughout history, it has been those who have questioned common belief and those who have challenged our common-sense ideas of the world that have been the ones to have brought about major progress in human civilization. In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round because sailors on the sea had noticed that the farther south they went, the more different stars they saw in the sky. Why was the sky changing? Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the “crazy” concept of heliocentrism (日心说), in which the Sun lies at the center of the universe while the Earth circles around it at 30 kilometers per second. But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet? The answer to this question would not be clear for another century. People like routine, but past performance is no guarantee of future results. While those who challenge common belief tend to be subjected to abuse, the progress of humankind would have otherwise been impossible without these persistent people and their “stupid” questions. 16．What commonly happens to us when we grow older according to the author? A．We focus too much on process. B．We still refuse to relax and go with the flow. C．We start to challenge common-sense ideas of the world. D．We gradually lose the ability to question common belief. 17．What’s the correct order of the following statements? a. The ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round. b. Galileo Galilei raised the concept of heliocentrism. c. We know about the concept of gravity. d. Sailors noticed something special. A．adcb B．adbc C．dabc D．dacb 18．Who might have solved the question “why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet?” A．An ancient Greek scientist living in 500 BC． B．Galileo Galilei living between 1564 and 1642. C．Isaac Newton living between 1643 and 1727. D．Albert Einstein living between 1879 and 1955. 19．How does the author develop his writing on the whole? A．By comparison and contrast B．By using supporting examples. C．By using time and space order. D．By generalization and definition. 【答案】16．D 17．C 18．C 19．B 【导语】 本文是议论文，主要谈论了提出“愚蠢”问题的重要性。尽管那些挑战普遍看法的人往往会遭受不好的待遇，但如果没有这些人和他们的“愚蠢”问题，人类也就不可能进步了。 16．推理判断题。根据“As a matter of fact, we are all good at asking questions by nature, but sadly as we age, we get used to the world around us and take things for granted.”以及“Common belief may work well, but that does not mean it is always right.”可知，这里提到随着年龄的增长，我们习惯了周围的世界，把一切都视为理所当然，因此推知我们逐渐失去了质疑共同信念的能力。故选D。 17．细节理解题。根据“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round because sailors on the sea had noticed that the farther south they went, the more different stars they saw in the sky. ”可知，水手们注意到了一些特别的事情，因此希腊人想知道地球是不是圆的；根据“Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the ‘crazy’ concept of heliocentrism (日心说),”可知，伽利略提出了“日心说”；根据“But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet? The answer to this question would not be clear for another century.”可知，后来人们知道了重力，因此选项C中的顺序是正确的。故选C。 18．推理判断题。根据“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round…the more different stars they saw in the sky.”；“Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei… and ended up demonstrating the ‘crazy’ concept of heliocentrism (日心说),”可知，伽利略在公元1500年左右提出“日心说”；根据“But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet? The answer to this question would not be clear for another century.”可知，对于为什么我们没有被甩出地球表面这个问题，是在伽利略提出“日心说”一个世纪后，即公元1600多年才弄清楚的，由此推知，生于1643年至1727年的艾萨克·牛顿可能是解决这个问题的人。故选C。 19．细节理解题。根据“Throughout history…that have been the ones to have brought about major progress in human civilization.”；在第三段中“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks…the more different stars they saw in the sky.”以及“the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the ‘crazy’ concept of heliocentrism (日心说),”通过例举古希腊人和意大利天文学家伽利略·伽利菜来说明正是质疑引领了人类文明的重大进步，由此可知作者是通过列举支撑例证的方式来展开写作的。故选B。 A （2024·北京·中考真题） Almost everyone has experienced the feeling of discomfort when their actions do not agree with their inner values. A man, for example, values work-life balance yet works 80 hours every week, caring little about his own health and family. Another example is a boy who holds his parents’ love dear but gets angry at them in a moment of stress; or a woman who hopes to live healthily but gives in to the attraction of fast food during moments of weakness. This disagreement can lead to serious results, such as worsening relationships, limited personal growth, and self-doubt. The emotional effects of feeling out of control and unable to live up to our own standards can also be deeply harmful. The shame and upset that go along with these feelings often force us into silence, resulting in more self-doubt. One reason for this silence might be that admitting (承认) to these behaviors can feel like showing a weakness or mistake that society tells us should be kept hidden. What’s more, recognizing this disagreement requires coming face to face with uncomfortable truths about ourselves—a process that is as discouraging as it is necessary for growth. Recognizing and addressing these behaviors can provide a possibility of change. By looking into the causes of our behaviors, we can begin to understand our actions more easily and work toward sticking to our beliefs. Research supports the idea that recognizing this disagreement, together with mindfulness and open communication, can help with this process. These methods help us slow down, reflect (反思), and choose behaviors that follow our values more closely, even in the face of old habits or immediate needs. The key to dealing with this disagreement lies in compassion (同情) for ourselves and others. By developing a culture of openness and by understanding the challenges of aligning behaviors with beliefs, we can begin to break down what prevents us from having conversation and change. Admitting that this disagreement is a shared part of the human experience can enable us to speak openly, find support, and take necessary steps toward the agreement between our inner world and our actions. While the disagreement between our inner values and actions may be common, through reflection, understanding and purposeful practice, we can bridge the divide and set out on a journey of self-discovery. 1．Why does the writer use the examples in Paragraph 1? A．To stress an unavoidable need. B．To show a result of the wrong values. C．To describe a common human experience. D．To introduce a change in people’s relationships. 2．What does the word “aligning” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Matching. B．Comparing. C．Mixing. D．Confusing. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Discomfort forces us to give up our beliefs. B．Our behaviors weaken our understandings of life. C．Open communication makes it possible for us to change. D．Keeping silent allows us time to live up to our standards. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to stay true to their beliefs. B．To prove the importance of having the right values. C．To compare different ways to deal with discomfort. D．To discuss the influence of people’s improper actions. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了人们在生活中会遇到很多实际行动违背自己内心价值观的情况，这会让我们感到不舒服，甚至带来严重后果，但只要通过反思、理解和有目的的实践，我们就可以弥合这种分歧，踏上自我发现之旅。 1．推理判断题。通读第一段可知，本段第一句提出了一个观点：几乎每个人都会经历实际行动违背内心价值观带来的不适感，下文列举了三个具体的例子。由此可推知，作者在第一段中举例子是为了具体描述这种普遍的人类经历。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“By developing a culture of openness and by understanding the challenges of aligning behaviors with beliefs, we can begin to break down what prevents us from having conversation and change.”可知，这里指通过发展一种开放的文化，通过理解使行为与信念保持一致的挑战，人们能够开始突破那些不利于我们进行对话和改变的障碍。上文一直在说行为与信念的“不一致”，由此可推知，此处的“挑战”应指使行为与信念保持一致。画线词应意为“使一致”，与A项意思相近。故选A。 3．推理判断题。通读第三段尤其是第三句“Research supports the idea that recognizing this disagreement, together with mindfulness and open communication, can help with this process.”可知，作者认为意识到这种分歧，再加上保持警觉，进行坦诚的沟通，可以使人们发生改变。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了人们在生活中会遇到很多实际行动违背内心价值观的情况，这会让我们感到不舒服，甚至带来严重后果，但只要通过反思、理解和有目的的实践，我们就可以弥合这种分歧，踏上自我发现之旅。由此可推知，作者写本文的目的是鼓励人们忠于自己的信仰，坚守本心。故选A。 B （2024·吉林长春·中考真题） ①Is the summer vacation long enough to turn life for the better? Every person has his own talents and interests. Find something you care about, and you will see the difference. ②Organize a clean-up program. People often throw litter in the place where there is already litter. This leaves the community in a mess. The environment will become better if someone volunteers to help. You could pick up the rubbish with your friends once a week in your neighborhood. You could also help take care of the plants every few days. Surely, a clean and tidy neighborhood will be worth the work. ③Show your love to the old. Our city has some old people’s homes. Without children around them, the old people there might feel lonely once in a while. Maybe they need your help. In fact, you can do a lot for them. For example, you can talk with them or play games with them. Listening to them carefully is also a good idea. Some old people can’t see clearly and they would like you to read to them. No matter what small things you do, you can make them feel loved. ④Set up a reading project with your friends. Share your favorite books with them. Besides, you may read aloud to each other and talk about what you read. Either a book or an article can spark a lively discussion and your further thinking. The process often challenges more people to take action. The project is also a good way to welcome newcomers. At the same time, you may find new friends with similar hobbies. ⑤A two-month summer vacation isn’t that long, but it’s enough to make a difference. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 5．How often could you pick up the rubbish according to the passage? A．Once a week. B．Every few weeks. C．Once a month. D．Every few months. 6．Why do you need to read to some old people at the old people’s homes? A．Because you can think further. B．Because you are good at reading. C．Because they can’t see clearly. D．Because they are away from their homes. 7．What does the underlined word “spark” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Finish. B．Start. C．Increase. D．Separate. 8．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1  ②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 9．What is the passage mainly about? A．The people with different interests. B．The greatest time to make a difference. C．The reasons for a different summer vacation. D．The ways of making a summer vacation different. 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．B 【导语】本文就暑假可以做什么来产生影响给出一些建议。 5．细节理解题。根据“You could pick up the rubbish with your friends once a week in your neighborhood.”可知，你可以每周一次和你的朋友一起在你的社区捡垃圾。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据“Some old people can’t see clearly and they would like you to read to them.”可知，有些老人看不清楚，他们希望你读给他们听。故选C。 7．词句猜测题。根据“Either a book or an article can spark a lively discussion and your further thinking.”可知，应该是引发讨论，此处spark的意思与“Start”语意相近，故选B。 8．篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第一段引出主题，第二、三、三四段给出具体的建议，第五段进行总结。故选D。 9．主旨大意题。根据“Is the summer vacation long enough to turn life for the better? Every person has his own talents and interests. Find something you care about, and you will see the difference.”和文章内容可知，本文告诉我们暑假是一段足够长的时间可以产生影响，故选B。 C （2024·内蒙古包头·中考真题） In China, more and more people read at community reading rooms. For example, Luyang district of Hefei has built more than 100 reading rooms in recent years, so people can enjoy the fun of reading at their doorsteps. In the UK, 3,718 libraries provide different kinds of services, including lending out books and offering a free, warm and safe space for people to go to. Some libraries make it easier to borrow books: for example, by delivering books to library users’ doorsteps. Libraries do more than house books. They provide people with other services and tools, such as computers, and create a sense of community. However, many libraries in the UK are at risk of closing because they can’t afford the cost of operating. Library fines (罚款) are carried out when people don’t return books on time. Many people in the UK believe that fines are needed because they help libraries improve services, and prevent people from returning books late. Without fines, people might be more relaxed and many more books could be returned late. After all, some books are so popular that there can be a waiting list for people who want to read it next. Libraries only work if people borrowing books return them on time, ready for other library users to enjoy. However, one third of Britain’s libraries are fine-free now. This means some library users who don’t return books by the date agreed are not charged (收费). Besides, people who don’t have much money really depend on libraries to help them save some money, not spend it. Many libraries have got rid of fines all together, which makes libraries more welcoming environments. So, should libraries stop fining people? See what we find in other countries. 10．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Libraries are facing more challenges. B．Libraries are popular with young readers. C．It’s convenient for people to read nowadays. D．It’s not easy to find a place to relax after work. 11．Why are many libraries in the UK at risk of closing? A．Some people break the library rules. B．They can’t afford the cost of operating. C．They are short of books and computers. D．More community libraries have been built. 12．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Library fines can be stressful to readers. B．Libraries need money to improve services. C．There are different views on library fines in Britain. D．People prefer reading in community reading rooms. 13．What might the author continue talking about? A．Library rules in the UK. B．Good reading habits around the UK. C．Designs for libraries in Asia and Europe. D．Facts about library fines in other countries. 【答案】10．C 11．B 12．C 13．D 【导语】本文主要讨论了英国图书馆的罚款问题，以及这个问题在英国社会中的不同观点。 10．段落大意题。根据第一段“so people can enjoy the fun of reading at their doorsteps…Some libraries make it easier to borrow books…”可知，文章第一段以中国和英国的一些图书馆为例，介绍了现如今人们阅读非常方便。故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, many libraries in the UK are at risk of closing because they can’t afford the cost of operating.”可知，许多英国的图书馆面临关闭的风险，是因为它们无法承担运营成本。故选B。 12．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Many people in the UK believe that fines are needed”及第四段“Many libraries have got rid of fines all together, which makes libraries more welcoming environments.”及全文可知，全文主要讨论了英国图书馆的罚款问题，以及这个问题在英国社会中的不同观点。故选C。 13．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So, should libraries stop fining people? See what we find in other countries.”可知，作者可能会继续讨论其他国家的图书馆罚款情况。故选D。 D （2024·河北·中考真题） At an early age, we start learning how to manage money by watching our parents’ spending habits. Don’t worry if we haven’t learned well how to save or spend money. The following life lessons about money can help us form good spending habits. Money doesn’t grow on trees. As kids, we don’t often think about where money comes from. We need to know that our parents work hard to make money, and that it may be used up one day. Going to their workplaces to watch how they work is a great way to understand money is not that easy to make. We shouldn’t spend all our money in one go. It’s important for us to have a budget (预算) . In other words, we need to think about how much money we have and what we really want to spend it on. Realizing that our pocket money can’t cover everything we want, we should make smart spending choices. We should set a clear goal and watch our money grow. If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it, we can save our pocket money. How? Write down how much money we have in a notebook and watch it grow. After we have enough, we can buy that wonderful bicycle we’ve dreamed about! Reaching our goal will greatly satiate us. We can talk with our parents about how money is used and where money goes. Do you know what a bank account (账户) is? If not, communicate with our parents. We can also go to the supermarket with our parents to experience how money is spent in the real world. Without doubt, we should treat money in a right way. Actually, learning about money isn’t a hard job. From these lessons, we can get a sense of money management and right money values step by step! 14．Where does money come from according to the text? A．Parents’ hard work. B．Kids’ life lessons. C．Good spending habits. D．The bank account. 15．What does the writer want kids to do by giving the example of buying a bicycle? A．Buy a wonderful notebook. B．Make a free spending choice. C．Set a goal of saving money. D．Have an experience of shopping. 16．What does the underlined word “satiate” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Relax. B．Interest. C．Surprise. D．Satisfy. 17．Which of the following will the writer probably agree with? A．Adults can make money grow more. B．Kids should have a money spending plan. C．Parents may give kids lots of pocket money. D．Supermarkets will be places to change money. 18．What is the best title for the text? A．Causes of Spending Money B．Ways of Managing Money C．Purposes of Treating Money D．Conditions of Saving Money 【答案】14．A 15．C 16．D 17．B 18．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了关于金钱管理的一些生活经验和建议，强调了金钱的来之不易，需要合理规划和使用，以及设定目标进行储蓄等观点。 14．细节理解题。根据“We need to know that our parents work hard to make money”可知，金钱来自于父母的辛勤工作。故选A。 15．推理判断题。根据“If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it, we can save our pocket money.”可知，如果我们想拥有一辆新自行车，但买不起，我们可以省下零花钱，作者希望孩子们通过购买自行车的例子设定一个储蓄的目标。故选C。 16．词句猜测题。根据“After we have enough, we can buy that wonderful bicycle we’ve dreamed about!”可知，划线部分单词意为“满足”，与Satisfy意思相近。故选D。 17．细节理解题。根据“We shouldn’t spend all our money in one go. It’s important for us to have a budget (预算) .”可知，我们不应该一次花光所有的钱，预算对我们来说很重要。因此作者认为孩子们应该有一个花钱的计划。故选B。 18．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了我们应该如何理解和管理金钱，以及如何形成良好的消费习惯，所以最佳标题应该是“管理金钱的方式”。故选B。 A （2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·二模） Most people follow others blindly. Some people feel it safe to follow other people. In some rare cases it might be right, but in most cases this can make a big mistake. Ninety-five percent of people never succeed because they are following the wrong group. Actually there are reasons why we shouldn’t follow others blindly. According to a study, people always follow others when they aren’t sure about the direction they should take. This means a large number of people could be following others without understanding what’s right and what’s wrong! This attracts more people to follow them and the result is that most people move in a certain direction even if it is wrong. A man who wants to be successful always hopes for guidance from others and he usually follows the same path of most people, but the question this man never asks himself is, “Are all of those people successful?” Of course not! If you want to follow a group, then follow a successful one. However, in real life you’ll only find one successful person among hundreds of people, and that’s why following others makes no sense at all. Most people act without thinking wisely. If you always follow others because they’re greater than you, then sooner or later you’ll discover that you’re making decisions you might regret later. However, should we never follow others? No. But just think wisely before you make a decision. If you find others are right, there is no problem in following them, but if you doubt the direction they’re moving in, don’t follow them blindly. 19．What’s the percent of people who will succeed if they are following the wrong group? A．95% B．5% C．10% D．15% 20．What does the underlined word “guidance “ in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．suggestions B．money C．care D．love 21．Why do most people like to follow others blindly according to the passage ? A．Because they don’t want to be different. B．Because they are affected by the people around them. C．Because they’re sure to take the right direction. D．Because they don’t want to make themselves successful. 22．What’s the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 23．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Advantages of following others. B．Examples of following others. C．Reasons for not following others blindly. D．Ways of following others. 【答案】19．B 20．A 21．B 22．B 23．C 【导语】本文一篇议论文，作者论述了盲目跟从他人可能是一个大错误。百分之九十五的人不会成功，因为他们跟错了队。但是，这并不是意味着不能跟随他人，正确的做法是，在确定是否跟随他人之前必须三思而后行。 19．细节理解题。根据“Ninety-five percent of people never succeed because they are following the wrong group.”可知，跟随错误的群体的话，百分之九十五的人永远不会成功，也就是百分之五的人会成功，故选B。 20．词义猜测题。根据“A man who wants to be successful always hopes for guidance from others and he usually follows the same path of most people”可知，想成功的人想要得到别人的指导，也就是建议，故选A。 21．推理判断题。根据“According to a study, people always follow others when they aren’t sure about the direction they should take. This means a large number of people could be following others without understanding what’s right and what’s wrong!”和“A man who wants to be successful always hopes for guidance from others and he usually follows the same path of most people”可知，盲目跟随别人是因为大多数人都是这样的，也就是说受周围环境的影响，故选B。 22．篇章结构题。通读整篇短文可知，第一段是总体概述人们为什么喜欢跟从别人；2，3，4段分别阐述了不要跟随他人的原因及缺点；最后一段总述在跟随别人之前要三思而后行。故文章为总——分——总结构，故选B。 23．主旨大意题。根据“ Actually there are reasons why we shouldn’t follow the crowd blindly.”以及全文的理解可知，本文主要阐述了不要盲目跟随他人的原因。故选C。 B （2024·广东汕头·一模） From an early age, we were taught that if we wanted to be successful, we had to study hard and get good results at school. In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they don’t like, and some even lead to an unhappy life. Why is it like that? In some parents’ eyes, school grades matter most for their kids. In reality, there are many things to consider besides the school subjects, for example, how to be a happy person, what to do to keep healthy, and how to get along well with others. That is to say, school is not just enough if you want to have a great life. Doing well in school is different from doing well in life. Studies show that people who failed at school may not end up failing in life. You may have already known that some famous people, like Thomas Edison and Steve Jobs, didn’t do very well at school or even failed to finish school. In fact, there are a lot more than just the big shots who are successful in life without finishing school. They seize every chance to learn and finally make it to the top. Life is really a long lesson, so long that you can’t define (界定) a person’s success by just one section of it. If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life. If you are still studying, whether you are good or bad at school, don’t take your school results too seriously as long as you have put your heart into it. Keep learning to make the most of your talents. That’s how you can live a happy and successful life. 24．Where is this passage most probably from? A．A story book. B．An art magazine. C．A guidebook. D．An education magazine. 25．How does the writer lead in the topic in Paragraph One? A．By asking a question. B．By giving an example. C．By explaining the result. D．By comparing differences. 26．What does the underlined word “seize” probably mean? A．Respect. B．Catch. C．Save. D．Face. 27．According to the passage, which of the following is true? A．School grades are not everything. B．Successful people never do well in school. C．It takes money to be successful. D．Bad school results lead to an unhappy life. 28．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Learning is a lifelong journey B．Good grades and successful life C．Failure is the mother of success D．Famous people learn well 【答案】24．D 25．A 26．B 27．A 28．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，通过论述学习成绩与人们今后生活的关系来说明学无止境，无论何时我们都要努力学习，只有这样我们才能拥有幸福的生活。 24．推理判断题。根据“From an early age, we were taught that if we wanted to be successful, we had to study hard and get good results at school. ”可知，这篇文章主要在论述学习与人们今后生活的关系，所以最有可能出现在教育杂志上。故选D。 25．推理判断题。根据“From an early age, we were taught that if we wanted to be successful...Why is it like that?”可知，作者通过提问引出本文话题。故选A。 26．词义猜测题。根据“every chance to learn and finally make it to the top”可知，此处指抓住机会。故选B。 27． 细节理解题。根据“In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they don’t like, and some even lead to an unhappy life.”可知，成绩不意味着一切。故选A。 28． 最佳标题题。根据最后一段“Life is really a long lesson, so long that you can’t define (界定) a person’s success by just one section of it. If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life.”可知，我们要持续学习，B选项“学习是一生的旅程”符合文意，为最佳标题。故选A。 C （2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·一模） Some people are very careful about everything they do. However, some people are risk-takers—they usually do things without thinking too much about the results. For example, teens are especially likely to take more risks than others. Why is this? Van Duijvenvoorde, a professor at Leiden University in the Netherlands, uses computer games to find out why some people are more impulsive (容易冲动的) than others. In one game, players are asked to click on a balloon on a computer screen. Every time they click, the balloon gets bigger. The bigger the balloon is at the end of the test, the larger their reward will be. But if the balloon gets too big, it’ll blow off and the player will get nothing. Van Duijvenvoorde found that when teens played this game, a part of their brain which is called the striatum (纹状物) would become much more active. “Actually, this part of the brain controls our emotional response (情绪反应) to rewards. On the other hand, another part of the brain, the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质), helps us control our decision—making process. It turns out that young people have more active striatums and less active prefrontal cortexes which affect their ability to make careful decisions. You might have already guessed that teens would pop more balloons during the game than adults—mainly because they are more willing to take risks and don’t take the time to think carefully. “The teen brain is like a car with a very strong engine,” Van Duijvenvoorde said. “Its brakes just don’t work as well.” 29．The experiment studied ________. A．why people are impulsive sometimes B．why teens like playing computer games C．why adults make bad decisions D．why teens are more impulsive than adults 30．During the experiment, teens were more likely to ________. A．click the balloon very carefully B．click the balloon until it blew off C．stop clicking the balloon when it got too big D．stop clicking the balloon while it was small 31．What do we know about risk-takers? A．They take more time to make decisions. B．They have larger prefrontal cortexes. C．They get more excited about rewards. D．The striatum in their brains is less active. 32．The underlined word “brakes” should be ________ in Chinese. A．发动机 B．车轮 C．方向盘 D．刹车 33．The structure of the passage is ________. (①=Para 1) A．①/②/③④⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①/②③/④⑤ D．①②③④⑤ 【答案】29．D 30．B 31．C 32．D 33．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过讲述心理学家的实验来验证为什么青少年更喜欢冒险。 29．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, some people are risk-takers—they usually do things without thinking too much about the results. For example, teens are especially likely to take more risks than others. Why is this?”可知，这个实验研究的是为什么青少年比成年人更容易冲动。故选D。 30．细节理解题。根据第四段“You might have already guessed that teens would pop more balloons during the game than adults—mainly because they are more willing to take risks and don’t take the time to think carefully.”可知，青少年更有可能一直点击气球，直到它爆了为止。故选B。 31．细节理解题。根据第二段“The bigger the balloon is at the end of the test, the larger their reward will be.”和第四段“You might have already guessed that teens would pop more balloons during the game than adults”可知，冒险者对于奖励更感兴趣，所以他们在实验中一直点击气球直到它爆了为止。故选C。 32．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“The teen brain is like a car with a very strong engine,”及“Its brakes just don’t work as well.”可知，青少年的大脑就像一个有非常强大发动机的汽车，冲动起来就会停不下来，就像汽车的刹车不太好用一样；据此可知划线单词“brakes”意为“刹车”。故选D。 33．篇章结构题。第一段引出主题；第二段到第四段都是围绕实验中的结果来介绍为什么青少年比成年人更容易冲动和冒险的原因；最后一段总结概括，因此本文属于“总——分——总”结构。故选B。 D （2024·湖北武汉·一模） Strange events in the sky, such as speeding lights or flying objects, which cannot be explained are called UFOs. Some people believe they could be a sign of aliens. Many people think there are intelligent life forms in the universe (宇宙) other than humans. However, millions of pounds have been spent searching for aliens and no one has found proof (证据). Some people think it is a waste of money and people’s skills. So, is searching for aliens worth the money and effort? Here are two different voices. It’s a mystery that needs to be solved. “Are humans alone in the universe?” is a question that has inspired centuries of debate (辩论), dating back thousands of years and at least as far as the ancient Greeks. It is a question that has inspired hundreds of books and films, which shows how important it is to people. If someone sees a UFO, we need to find out what it is. Scientists searching for aliens could create new technologies and these could do good to Earth. For example, the small, lightweight camera on phones was developed so astronauts could take photos in space. Plus, if we were to discover aliens, we might be able to share knowledge with each other and create friendships across the universe. ________ There are many important problems here on Earth—such as climate (气候) change. People should focus energy on these rather than searching the universe for aliens that might not even exist (存在). Many people have spent lots of money trying to find signs of alien life and there is no result. Videos of flashing lights and strange objects in the sky might make good stories but in fact there is probably a reasonable explanation, such as a dirty mark on the camera lens (镜头). Besides, if aliens do exist, they will probably find us first so we might as well stop wasting our energy on them and spend it making Earth a better place to live. 34．Paragraph 2 mainly focuses on ________. A．what aliens are like B．what people’s different opinions are C．how people found proof D．how much money has been wasted 35．According to paragraph 3, searching for aliens could ________. A．make people more friendly B．have started from ancient Greeks C．inspire humans’ creativity D．develop the entertainment business 36．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．Humans have tried for years to find UFOs B．People should put more effort into space C．The money could be put to better use D．More discoveries do good to Earth 37．The underlined word “these” refers to ________. A．signs of alien life B．stories on science C．videos of flashing lights D．problems on Earth 38．A debate is given to make readers ________. A．discuss a subject B．show off abilities C．compete for a prize D．learn from mistakes 【答案】34．B 35．C 36．C 37．D 38．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了人们对于“花很多钱和精力去寻找外星人是否值得”这一问题，所给出的不同想法和观点。 34．主旨大意题。根据“Many people think there are intelligent life forms in the universe (宇宙) other than humans. However, millions of pounds have been spent searching for aliens and no one has found proof (证据). Some people think it is a waste of money and people’s skills”可知，许多人认为除了人类之外，宇宙中还有智慧生命。然而，已经花费了数百万英镑寻找外星人，但没有人找到证据。有些人认为这是浪费金钱和人们的技能。故第二段主要聚焦于人们的不同意见是什么。故选B。 35．推理判断题。根据“Scientists searching for aliens could create new technologies and these could do good to Earth”可知，寻找外星人的科学家可以创造新技术，这些技术对地球有好处。故可推测出，寻找外星人这件事可以激发人类的创造力。故选C。 36．推理判断题。根据“Here are two different voices”、“It’s a mystery that needs to be solved”和“There are many important problems here on Earth—such as climate (气候) change”可知，此处针对“花很多钱和精力去寻找外星人是否值得”这一问题，有两种观点，一种是支持的，认为这是一个需要解开的谜。而另一种应该是反对的，他们认为地球上就有许多重要的问题，故可推测出，空格处句子应是反对寻找外星人的，并且认为用来找外星人的钱和精力应该用于解决地球上的问题。选项C“这笔钱可以用在更好的地方”符合语境。故选C。 37．词句猜测题。根据“There are many important problems here on Earth—such as climate (气候) change. People should focus energy on these rather than searching the universe for aliens that might not even exist (存在)”可知，地球上有许多重要的问题，比如气候变化。人们应该把精力集中在这些方面，而不是在宇宙中寻找可能根本不存在的外星人，故划线单词指代的是地球上的许多重要问题。故选D。 38．推理判断题。通读全文和“‘Are humans alone in the universe?’ is a question that has inspired centuries of debate (辩论)...It is a question that has inspired hundreds of books and films...”可推测出，辩论是为了让读者讨论一个话题。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$