精品解析：上海市宝山区顾村中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中英语试卷

上海市顾村中学2024学年第一学期期中考试 高一年级英语学科 I. Listening comprehension (25%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A.4:15. B.4:50. C.5:40. D.5:05. 2. A. At a book store. B. At a library. C. At a reading room. D. At a hotel. 3. A. Student and school administrator. B. Employer and employee. C. Jobseeker and interviewer. D. Salesperson and customer. 4. A. She doesn’t feel well. B. She doesn’t want to. C. She has an appointment. D. She has to work. 5. A. Selecting courses. B. Language study. C. Studying abroad. D. Literature books. 6. A. His sister. B. His mother. C. His brother. D. His father. 7. A. Easy-going. B. Bad-mannered. C. Strict. D. Hardworking. 8. A. Decide whether they should go to the movies. B. Decide which food to choose. C. Go to a movie a little later. D. Choose a restaurant as soon as possible. 9. A. Nancy has a keen eye for style. B. Nancy regrets buying the dress. C. Nancy and Mary went shopping together in Rome. D. Nancy and Mary like to follow the latest fashion. 10. A. The woman doesn’t drive very often. B. The traffic is always very bad. C. Taking public transportation is better than driving. D. The subway is crowded. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A.8. B.9. C.15.10 D.22. 12. A. Some of the firefighters were seriously injured. B. Several firefighters were killed in the fire. C. No firefighter was injured or killed. D. Several firefighters were slightly injured. 13. A. Misuse of electronic equipment. B. Dry weather. C. Overused batteries. D. Careless smokers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. College facilities B. Dormitory assignment. C. Vacation arrangements. D. Winter break activities. 15. A. The college store. B. The computer center. C. The gymnasium. D. The dining halls. 16. A. There will be only one dormitory open to the students. B. The dormitories will be open on a reduced schedule. C. There will be no heating in the dormitories. D. All the dormitories will be temporarily closed to the students. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. She has packed it in one of her bags. B. She has probably left it in a taxi. C. She is going to get it the airport. D. She is afraid that she has lost it. 18. A. It ends in winter. B. It will cost her a lot. C. It will last one week. D. It depends on the weather. 19. A. The plane is taking off soon. B. There might be a traffic jam. C. The taxi is waiting for them. D. There is a lot of stuff to pack 20. A. At home. B. In the man’s car. C. At the airport. D. By the side of a taxi. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Japanese company has developed an artificial intelligence filter that can detect angry screams and translate them into calm speech in order to reduce the stress ____1____ (experience) by call center operators. Large tech companies have long been aware of the stress their call center operators are exposed to every single day, ____2____ many customers taking out their anger and frustrations on them. Some of them have even introduced stress management programs ____3____ include relaxation techniques, meditation, yoga, or therapy meant to irritability and anxiety. However, one Japanese company may have come up with a much ____4____ (efficient) solution-using AI to completely take screaming and aggressive speech out of the equation. SoftBank claims to have spent three years ____5____ (create) a voice filter that detects screaming and automatically translates it into calm speech. SoftBank’s voice filter consists of two stages, one in which the AI identifies ____6____ angry voice and extracts key points of speech, and a second where it uses acoustic tools to transform it into a more natural, even polite tone. Interestingly, the filter doesn’t change any of the word spoken by the person, but significantly softens the intonation. The call center operator will still hea any insults uttered, only in a soft tone, which____7____ help reduce their stress and anxiety. ____8____ (train) the AI, SoftBank’s engineers asked 10 actors to record at least 100 common phrases including screams, accusations, threats, and demands for an apology. In total, more than 10,000 pieces of voice data ____9____ (use) to train the AI filter. It’s unclear _____10_____ SoftBank plans to implement the new scream-filtering AI into its call centers, but it will be interesting to see how well it works and how it impacts the emotional wellbeing of operators. 【答案】1. experienced 2. with 3. that##which 4. more efficient 5. creating 6. an 7. should 8. To train 9. were used 10. when 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了日本一家公司开发了一种人工智能过滤器，可以检测到愤怒的尖叫声，并将其转化为平静的语言，以减轻呼叫中心接线员的压力。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：日本一家公司开发了一种人工智能过滤器，可以检测到愤怒的尖叫声，并将其转化为平静的语言，以减轻呼叫中心接线员的压力。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰stress，stress和experience为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填experienced。 【2题详解】 考查with复合结构。句意：大型科技公司早就意识到呼叫中心接线员每天面临的压力，许多客户都把愤怒和沮丧发泄在他们身上。空后taking out为非谓语动词形式，此处为with的复合结构作伴随状语。故填with。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他们中的一些人甚至引入了压力管理项目，包括放松技巧、冥想、瑜伽或旨在缓解烦躁和焦虑的疗法。此处为关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词programs指事物，在从句中作主语，所以此处使用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。 【4题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，一家日本公司可能想出了一个更有效的解决方案——使用人工智能完全消除尖叫和攻击性言论。由空后solution为名词以及空前much可知，此处为形容词比较级形式，构成much more+形容词，表示“更加……的多”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填more efficient。 【5题详解】 考查动名词。句意：SoftBank声称，他们花了三年时间开发了一种语音过滤器，可以检测到尖叫，并自动将其转换为平静的语音。此处为动词短语spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，所以此处为动名词形式。故填creating。 【6题详解】 考查冠词。句意：SoftBank的语音过滤器包括两个阶段，第一个阶段是人工智能识别愤怒的声音并提取语音要点，第二个阶段是使用声学工具将其转换为更自然，甚至礼貌的语气。根据句意以及空后angry voice为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指“一种愤怒的声音”，结合angry为首音节元音单词，所以为不定冠词an的填入。故填an。 【7题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：呼叫中心接线员仍然会听到任何辱骂，只是用柔和的语调，这应该有助于减轻他们的压力和焦虑。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词should表示“应该”接动词原形help，满足句意要求。故填should。 【8题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：为了训练人工智能，SoftBank的工程师要求10名演员录制至少100个常见短语，包括尖叫、指责、威胁和要求道歉。此处为动词不定式to do表示“为了……”作目的状语，满足句意要求。故填To train。 【9题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：总共有超过10,000条语音数据被用于训练人工智能过滤器。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据上文时态可知，此处为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时，结合主语more than 10,000 pieces of voice data为复数名词和use为被动关系，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填were used。 【10题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：目前还不清楚软银计划何时在其呼叫中心实施新的尖叫过滤人工智能，但看看它的效果如何，以及它如何影响运营商的情绪健康，将是一件有趣的事情。该句为“ it + be +形容词 +主语从句”的固定句型，其中It为形式主语，结合句意可知，应为连接副词when表示“什么时候”引导的主语从句作句子的主语成分。故填when。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A adult B. limitations C. bears D. nasty E. comfort F. creative G. teenager H expectations I. achieve J. shortage K. pressure A Letter to My Daughter I know perhaps you will be surprised to read this: I remember well what it was like to be a (n) ____11____. As I watch you prepare for your first day of senior high school, there are a few things I want you to know. You may be putting yourself under ____12____ to make sure that everything is perfect for that first day, but I want you to know that there’s no such thing as perfect. I’ve said it before, but it ____13____ repeating. There is nothing perfect. There is only good enough, but what is most important is believing you’re good enough — just as you are. Also, remember that you’re not in this boat alone. You’re not the only one facing a new school, new classmates, new teachers, new ____14____ and new pressures. At some point, everyone else is — or was — where you are right now. I hope you find ____15____ in that. There might be some people who will not always be so friendly to you . You will find such people not only in senior high school but throughout your ____16____ life . When you are reflecting on a (n) ____17____ comment someone made on you or an unfriendly glance that came your way, I hope you’ll remember that these behaviours always say more about the giver than the receiver and there will never be a (n) ____18____ of kind people and genuine smiles in your life. Remember that, too, when you are tempted to be nasty to someone else. As you go forward into this new chapter in your life, I hope you’ll realize early that we are most often held back by the ____19____ we put on ourselves — by the stories we tell ourselves about who and what we are. Whenever you’re tempted to say, “I can’t ...” or “I’m not ...” about something you really want to _____20_____, I hope you’ll change that story — because you can and you are. 【答案】11. G 12. K 13. C 14. H 15. E 16. A 17. D 18. J 19. B 20. I 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是作者给女儿写的一封信，信中作者给女儿的高中生活提供了一些建议。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：我清楚地记得青少年是什么样子的。空前为冠词a (n)，此处应为名词单数作表语，结合下文“you prepare for your first day of senior high school”可知，名词teenager“青少年”符合句意。故选G项。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：你可能会给自己施加压力，以确保第一天一切都很完美，但我想让你知道，没有完美这回事。分析句子可知，空前为介词under，此处应为名词作宾语，结合“to make sure that everything is perfect for that first day”可知，名词pressure“压力”符合语境，构成固定短语under pressure“在压力下”，满足句意要求。故选K项。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：我以前说过，但它适合重复一遍。分析句子可知，此处为动词作谓语成分，结合空后的动名词可知，应为动词短语bear doing“适合做……”，满足句意要求。故选C项。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：你不是唯一一个要面对新学校、新同学、新老师、新期望和新压力的人。分析句子可知，空前为形容词new，此处应为名词形式，和and连接的classmates和teachers构成并列宾语成分，expectations“期望”为名词，符合句意。故选H项。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：我希望你能从中得到安慰。分析句子可知，空前为动词find，此处应为名词形式作宾语成分，根据上文“At some point, everyone else is — or was — where you are right now.(在某种程度上，其他人都和你现在一样)”可知，comfort“安慰”符合语境。故选E项。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这样的人不仅会出现在高中，而且会贯穿你的整个成年生活。分析句子可知，空后life为名词，此处应为形容词作定语修饰该名词，结合“not only in senior high school”可知，形容词adult“成年人的”符合语境。故选A项。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当你回想起别人对你的恶毒评论或对你不友好的一瞥时，我希望你能记住，这些行为更多地反映了给予者而不是接受者的一面，你的生活中永远不会缺少善良的人和真诚的微笑。分析句子可知，空后comment为名词，此处应为形容词作定语修饰该名词，结合“or an unfriendly glance”可知，形容词nasty“恶毒的”符合语境。故选D项。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：当你回想起别人对你的恶毒评论或对你不友好的一瞥时，我希望你能记住，这些行为更多地反映了给予者而不是接受者的一面，你的生活中永远不会缺少善良的人和真诚的微笑。分析句子可知，空前a (n)为冠词，此处应为名词形式，shortage“短缺”构成固定短语a (n) shortage of“缺乏”，满足句意要求。故选J项。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：当你进入人生的新篇章时，我希望你能早点意识到，我们最常被自己给自己设置的限制所阻碍——被我们告诉自己的关于我们是谁和我们是什么的故事所阻碍。分析句子可知，空前为定冠词the，此处应为名词作宾语，结合“we are most often held back by the”可知，名词limitations“限制”符合语境。故选B项。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：每当你想说“我不能……”或“我不是……”关于你真正想要实现的事情，我希望你能改变这个故事——因为你可以，而且你就是。分析句子可知，空前为want to，此处应为动词原形，构成动词短语want to do“想要做某事”，动词achieve“实现”符合语境。故选I项。 III. Reading Comprehension (45%) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. If you want to look your best in the morning, it may be worth swapping the ultra-processed pastries and fruit juice for wholemeal toast and tea without sugar. Researchers in France found that people who ate a breakfast rich in refined carbohydrates (碳水化合物) were rated less ____21____ than those who started the day with healthier unrefined carbs. Scientists at the University of Montpellier believe the subtle shift in facial attractiveness may be driven by changes in blood sugar and insulin (胰岛素) that can ____22____ skin appearance and have longer-term effects on sex hormones “It’s surprising to consider but our dietary choices can have ____23____ effects on our appearance,” said Dr Claire Berticat, an evolutionary biologist and the first author on the study. “These physiological changes could subtly alter facial features, impacting how others____24____ attractiveness.” The researchers recruited 52 men and 52 women aged 20 to 30 and ____25____ assigned them to have a 500-calorie breakfast rich in either refined or unrefined carbohydrates. The refined carbs breakfast included a French baguette ma dc from industrially milled flour, jam, apple or orange juice, and tea or coffee with ____26____ available. The unrefined carbs meal was stoneground wholemeal bread with butter and cheese, an orange or apple, and tea or coffee without sugar. The scientists measured blood sugar levels of volunteers before and after they ____27____ and then took headshots of the participants under controlled lighting conditions. The photos were then passed to groups of raters to ____28____ how old, how masculine or feminine and how attractive the individuals looked. Writing in Plos One, the researchers claim that eating refined carbohydrates for breakfast____29____ facial attractiveness for men and women. “The effect varies by gender and meal type, underscoring the ____30____ relationship between diet and attractiveness,” Berticat said. “Our findings serve as a compelling reminder of the far-reaching impact of dietary choices not only on health but also on traits having particular social ____31____ such as facial attractiveness.” Refined carbohydrates can produce spikes (猛增) in blood sugar, which the body counters by ____32____ insulin. The response can drive sugar levels too low, a condition called hypoglycaemia (低血糖症), and affect blood flow and skin appearance. In the study, only the refined carbs breakfast produced hypoglycaemia. David Perrett, a professor of psychology at the University of St Andrews, who has studied facial cues for health, said there should be no surprise that ____33____ affects attractiveness. Fruit and vegetables improved attractiveness by increasing plant pigments called carotenoids in the skin, he said, while high-sugar diets could ____34____ the skin. “The authors suggest that the refined carbohydrate could be affecting peripheral blood flow,” Perrett said. “Blood flow can change skin appearance very rapidly. One can see the ____35____ within seconds in the case of feeling sick when the blood drains from the skin. We found that most people look healthier, and more attractive, when their skin color reflects a slight rise in oxygenated blood.” 21. A. peculiar B. attractive C. innovative D. mysterious 22. A. affect B. integrate C. examine D. form 23. A. limited B. ecological C. economic D. rapid 24 A. diagnose B. maintain C. perceive D. dominate 25. A. inevitably B. randomly C. frequently D. harmoniously 26. A. milk B. sugar C. nut D. cream 27. A. fainted B. arrived C. ate D. slept 28. A. estimate B. misunderstand C. stress D. assure 29. A. decreased B. represented C. promoted D. restored 30. A. interpersonal B. spatial C. complex D. genetic 31. A. importance B. order C. life D. custom 32. A. observing B. monitoring C. isolating D. releasing 33. A. evolution B. intention C. diet D. profession 34. A. protect B. refresh C. cool D. age 35. A. exploitation B. impact C. priority D. starvation 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现吃精制碳水早餐会降低颜值。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：法国的一项研究发现，与早餐吃更健康的粗粮的人相比，早餐吃精制碳水化合物的人被认为外貌吸引力较低。A. peculiar奇怪的，不寻常的；B. attractive吸引人的，有吸引力的；C. innovative革新的 ；D. mysterious神秘的。根据上文“If you want to look your best in the morning, it may be worth swapping the ultra-processed pastries and fruit juice for whole meal toast and tea without sugar. (如果你想在早上容光焕发，建议你把精制面点和水果汁换成全麦吐司和不加糖的茶)”可知，早餐吃精制碳水化合物的人被认为外貌吸引力较低。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：法国蒙彼利埃大学的科学家认为，外貌吸引力的这一微妙改变可能与血糖和胰岛素的变化有关，这些变化会影响皮肤外观并对性激素产生长期影响。A. affect影响；B. integrate合并，成为一体；C. examine检查，调查；D. form形成。根据上文“Researchers in France found that people who ate a breakfast rich in refined carbohydrates (碳水化合物) were rated less ____1____ than those who started the day with healthier unrefined carbs. (法国的一项研究发现，与早餐吃更健康的粗粮的人相比，早餐吃精制碳水化合物的人被认为外貌吸引力较低。)”本句“the subtle shift in facial attractiveness may be driven by changes in blood sugar and insulin (这一微妙改变可能与血糖和胰岛素的变化有关)”可知，血糖和胰岛素的变化会影响皮肤外观并对性激素产生长期影响。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然令人惊讶，但我们的饮食选择对我们外貌的影响是立竿见影的。A. limited有限的；B. ecological 生态的，生态学的；C. economic经济学的；D. rapid快速的。根据上文“Scientists at the University of Montpellier believe the subtle shift in facial attractiveness may be driven by changes in blood sugar and insulin (胰岛素) that can ____2____ skin appearance and have longer-term effects on sex hormones. (法国蒙彼利埃大学的科学家认为，外貌吸引力的这一微妙改变可能与血糖和胰岛素的变化有关，这些变化会影响皮肤外观并对性激素产生长期影响。)”可知，血糖和胰岛素的变化会影响皮肤外观并对性激素产生长期影响，即我们的饮食选择对我们外貌的影响是立竿见影的。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些生理变化可能会微妙地改变面部特征，影响他人对吸引力的看法。A. diagnose诊断；B. maintain 保持，维持；C. perceive认为，理解；D. dominate统治，支配。根据本句“These physiological changes could subtly alter facial features (这些生理变化可能会微妙地改变面部特征)”可知，生理变化可能会微妙地改变面部特征进而影响他人对吸引力的看法。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究人员招募了52名20至30岁的男性和女性，并随机分配给他们一份富含精制或粗制碳水化合物的500卡路里早餐。A. inevitably不可避免地；B. randomly随机地；C. frequently频繁地；D. harmoniously和谐地。根据后文“The refined carbs breakfast included a French baguette ma dc from industrially milled flour, jam, apple or orange juice, and tea or coffee with ____6____ available. The unrefined carbs meal was stoneground whole meal bread with butter and cheese, an orange or apple, and tea or coffee without sugar. (精制碳水化合物早餐包括工业碾磨面粉制成的法式长棍面包、果酱、苹果或橙汁以及加糖的茶或咖啡。粗制碳水化合物早餐则由研磨全麦面包配黄油和奶酪、橙子或苹果以及不加糖的茶或咖啡组成。)”可知，研究人员并随机分配给他们一份早餐。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：精制碳水化合物早餐包括工业碾磨面粉制成的法式长条面包、果酱、苹果或橙汁以及加糖的茶或咖啡。A. milk牛奶；B. sugar食糖；C. nut坚果；D. cream 奶油。根据后句“The unrefined carbs meal was stoneground whole meal bread with butter and cheese, an orange or apple, and tea or coffee without sugar. (粗制碳水化合物早餐则由研磨全麦面包配黄油和奶酪、橙子或苹果以及不加糖的茶或咖啡组成)”可知，精制碳水化合物早餐含有加糖的茶或咖啡，粗制碳水化合物早餐含有不加糖的茶或咖啡。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家在志愿者进食前后测量他们的血糖水平，然后在受控光照条件下拍摄他们的头像照片。A. fainted晕厥；B. arrived到达；C. ate吃；D. slept睡觉。根据上文“The researchers recruited 52 men and 52 women aged 20 to 30 and ____5____ assigned them to have a 500-calorie breakfast rich in either refined or unrefined carbohydrates.(研究人员招募了52名20至30岁的男性和女性，并随机分配给他们一份富含精制或粗制碳水化合物的 500 卡路里早餐。)”可知，科学家在志愿者进食前后测量他们的血糖水平。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随后将照片交给评审员小组，让他们评估照片中的人看起来有多年轻、多男性化或女性化以及多具有吸引力。A. estimate评估；B. misunderstand误解；C. stress强调；D. assure 使确信。根据本句“groups of raters (评审员小组)”可知，评审员小组会评估照片中的人看起来有多年轻、多男性化或女性化以及多具有吸引力。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员在《公共科学图书馆期刊》上发表的研究报告指出，食用精制碳水化合物早餐会降低男性和女性的外貌吸引力。A.decreased减少、降低；B. represented 代表；C. promoted 促进；宣传；D. restored修复。根据上文“Researchers in France found that people who ate a breakfast rich in refined carbohydrates (碳水化合物) were rated less ____1____ than those who started the day with healthier unrefined carbs. (法国的一项研究发现，与早餐吃更健康的粗粮的人相比，早餐吃精制碳水化合物的人被认为外貌吸引力较低。)”可知，食用精制碳水化合物早餐会降低男性和女性的外貌吸引力。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查形容词义辨析。句意：伯蒂卡特博士说：“这种影响因性别和用餐类型而异，强调了饮食和吸引力之间复杂的关系。A. interpersonal人际关系的；B. spatial空间的；C. complex复杂的；D. genetic基因的。根据本句“The effect varies by gender and meal type(这种影响因性别和用餐类型而异)”可知，饮食和吸引力之间的关系是复杂的。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果有力地提醒我们，饮食选择不仅对健康有深远影响，而且对面部吸引力等具有特殊社会重要性的特征也有深远影响。A. importance重要性；B. order顺序，次序；C. life生命；D. custom风俗，习俗。根据上文“Writing in Plos One, the researchers claim that eating refined carbohydrates for breakfast____9____ facial attractiveness for men and women. (研究人员在《公共科学图书馆期刊》上发表的研究报告指出，食用精制碳水化合物早餐会降低男性和女性的外貌吸引力。)”可知，饮食选择对面部吸引力等具有特殊社会重要性的特征也有深远影响。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：精制碳水化合物会导致血糖飙升，身体会通过释放胰岛素来应对。A. observing注意到，观察到；B. monitoring监视；C. isolating使隔离；D. releasing释放。根据后句“The response can drive sugar levels too low, a condition called hypoglycaemia (低血糖症), and affect blood flow and skin appearance. In the study, only the refined carbs breakfast produced hypoglycaemia.(这种反应会导致血糖水平降得太低（称为低血糖症），并影响血液流动和皮肤外观。这项研究发现，只有精制碳水化合物早餐会导致低血糖症。)”可知，精制碳水化合物会导致身体会通过释放胰岛素来应对血糖飙升，故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：圣安德鲁斯大学心理学教授、研究面部健康线索的大卫·佩雷特表示，饮食会影响吸引力并不令人惊讶。A. evolution进化（论）；B. intention意图，目的；C. diet饮食；D. profession职业。根据上文“Researchers in France found that people who ate a breakfast rich in refined carbohydrates (碳水化合物) were rated less ____1____ than those who started the day with healthier unrefined carbs. (法国的一项研究发现，与早餐吃更健康的粗粮的人相比，早餐吃精制碳水化合物的人被认为外貌吸引力较低。)”可知，饮食会影响吸引力。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，水果和蔬菜通过增加皮肤中被称为类胡萝卜素的植物色素来提高吸引力，而高糖饮食会使皮肤衰老。A. protect保护，防护；B. refresh使恢复精神；C. cool（使）冷却；D. age变老。根据本句“Fruit and vegetables improved attractiveness by increasing plant pigments called carotenoids in the skin, he said, while high-sugar diets (水果和蔬菜通过增加皮肤中被称为类胡萝卜素的植物色素来提高吸引力，而高糖饮食)由while表示转折可知，高糖饮食会使皮肤衰老。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当血液从皮肤流出时，人们可以在几秒钟内看到这种影响。A. exploitation剥削，压榨；B. impact影响；C. priority优先事项；D. starvation饥饿。根据上句“Blood flow can change skin appearance very rapidly (血流可以非常迅速地改变皮肤外观。)”可知，血流可以非常迅速地改变皮肤外观，并对皮肤外观产生影响。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Last weekend I visited Rome for the first time. I spent three busy days in the Italian capital, seeing lots of tourist attractions and walking down streets lit with Christmas decorations. Here are the things that I loved most about the city. Rome is one of the most ancient cities in the world and is full of wonderful relics from its distant past. These monuments include the Roman Forum and the vast Coliseum where gladiators used to fight each other until death and hunt exotic animals. The ruins of buildings and temples are fascinating: you can’t quite believe how old they are. I studied the masterpieces of the Renaissance period at university and was very excited to see them in real life. We walked around the museum in Vatican City and saw plenty of famous sculptures. The best part of the visit was, without a doubt, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted in the early 16th century by the great Michelangelo. It was so breathtaking that I couldn’t tear my eyes away from it. In Rome, there is a lot of food on offer for tourists but some of it isn’t very good quality. I made an effort to find authentic restaurants to taste the popular meals of the region, like pasta with tomato, onion and bacon. I also loved eating ice cream and hot chocolate under the Christmas lights. Rome has lots of luxury boutiques but also plenty of shops that were more in my price range! It was a perfect opportunity to go and buy presents for my family and friends. There was also a Christmas market, where I bought a sparkly decoration for the tree. I love seeing new places, especially capital cities. I have been very lucky this year because I also visited Amsterdam and New York in the summer. Hopefully I’ll get to travel even more in the future. I would love to see Prague, Budapest and explore other places outside of Europe. Where do you think I should go next? 36. The underlined word “gladiators” in the 2nd paragraph probably means “________”. A. athletes B. butchers C. invaders D. fighters 37. The author found the ruins of buildings and temples fascinating because ________. A. they represent Rome’s religion B. they are relics from Rome’s distant past C. they are modern and fashion D. they include exotic animals 38. What is mainly discussed in the 3rd paragraph? A. The history of Vatican City. B. The life story of Michelangelo. C. The art-related activities during the visit. D. The literature of the Renaissance period. 39. According to the passage, when visiting Rome you should be careful in choosing the ________. A. food B. attractions C. hotels D. luxury boutiques 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一次游览罗马的所见所闻。 【36题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词所在句“These monuments include the Roman Forum and the vast Coliseum where gladiators used to fight each other until death and hunt exotic animals.(这些遗迹包括古罗马广场和巨大的斗兽场，gladiators过去常常在那里战斗至死，猎杀外来动物)”可知，划线词在where引导的定语从句中作主语，由描述的行为“互相殴斗，猎杀动物”推断，应指斗兽场里的角斗士。故选D项。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The ruins of buildings and temples are fascinating: you can’t quite believe how old they are.(建筑物和神殿的废墟令人着迷：你简直不敢相信它们有多古老)”可知，作者主要是因为建筑物和神殿的废墟的历史悠久而觉得它们极具魅力。故选B项。 【38题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“I studied the masterpieces of the Renaissance period at university and was very excited to see them in real life. We walked around the museum in Vatican City and saw plenty of famous sculptures. The best part of the visit was, without a doubt, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted in the early 16th century by the great Michelangelo. It was so breathtaking that I couldn’t tear my eyes away from it.(我在大学学习过文艺复兴时期的杰作，在现实生活中看到它们让我非常兴奋。我们在梵蒂冈城的博物馆里漫步，看到了许多著名的雕塑作品。毫无疑问，这次参观最精彩的部分是西斯廷教堂的天花板，由伟大的米开朗基罗于16世纪初绘制。它太令人叹为观止了，我无法把目光从它身上移开)”可知，本段主要介绍作者在罗马进行的艺术之旅。故选C项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“In Rome, there is a lot of food on offer for tourists but some of it isn’t very good quality. I made an effort to find authentic restaurants to taste the popular meals of the region, like pasta with tomato, onion and bacon.(在罗马，有很多食品供游客选择，但其中一些质量不是很好。我努力寻找正宗的餐厅来品尝该地区的流行美食，比如番茄、洋葱和培根意大利面)”可知，作者想表达因为食品质量的良莠不齐，在罗马选择吃的东西时要慎重。故选A项。 (B) Take a closer look at the wonders of Kew Gardens by joining a guided walking tour. Led by our knowledgeable volunteer guides, it is a fun and informative way to explore the grounds. Free daily walking tours Tours leave at 11 am and 1:30 pm from the information desk at Victoria Gate Plaza. Each guide presents their own tour and takes in the highlights(最精彩的部分) of the season. Themed tours Tours leave at 12 from the information desk at Victoria Gate Plaza. Our guides offer attractive seasonal themes including Autumn Colour and Winter Evergreens. Expert-guided tours Every Tuesday throughout the year at 11:30 am and 2:30 pm we’ll be holding an expert-guided tour. The tour will feature (以…为特色) a different plant each month and you’ll go behind the Scenes and talk to Kew staff about their work. You’ll find out interesting facts about the featured plant or fungus(真菌), including why it’s grown at Kew and how it’s used and cared for. Price The cost is £ 60 per guide (this does not include your entry to the Gardens). Each guide can take 15 people. Groups of more than 15 must book more than one guide. Smaller groups are also accepted but the cost remains £ 60. Tours take about one hour and may be booked from 10 am every day. Please note that no refunds(退款) can be given once tickets are booked. 40. What time can you choose if you go to Free daily walking tours? A. 9 am. B. 10 am. C. 11 am. D. 2:30 pm. 41. What can we learn about Expert-guided tours? A. People can get in touch with experts ahead of time. B. People have no choice but to go on Tuesday. C. People can be warmly received by the staff. D. People can have a taste of fungus. 42. How much is the guide cost for 5 people? A. £ 60. B. £ 120. C. £ 150. D. £ 300. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是有导游的徒步旅行路线。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Free daily walking tours部分中的“Tours leave at 11 am and 1:30 pm from the information desk at Victoria Gate Plaza”（旅行团上午11点和下午1点30分从维多利亚门广场的咨询台出发）可知，这种徒步旅行在上午11点和下午1点半开始，因此你可以选择上午11点出发，故选C。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Expert-guided tours部分中的“Every Tuesday throughout the year at 11:30 am and 2:30 pm we'll be holding an expert-guided tour”（每年的每周二上午11:30和下午2:30，我们都将举办专家导览）可知，如果你对expert-guided tours感兴趣，你别无选择，只能在星期二参观。故选B。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据Price部分中的“The cost is £ 60 per guide (this does not include your entry to the Gardens). Each guide can take up to 15 people”（每位导游的费用是60英镑(这还不包括进入花园的门票)。每个导游可以带15人）和“Smaller groups are also accepted but the cost remains £ 60”（小团体也可以，但费用仍为60英镑)可知，一个导游最多可以带15个人，5个人的导游费用仍然是60英镑，故选A。 (C) In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 43. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 44. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 45. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 46. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 【答案】43. B 44. C 45. C 46. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。 【点睛】 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Trending City Walks Bring People Closer to Real Vibe of Life Recently, the “city walk” trend has been gaining steam among residents and tourists around China. On trend bible Xiaohongshu, data shows that the number of city walk-related topic posts has increased by 700 percent over the past three months, and the total number of interactions has increased by more than 600 percent. A city walk is a form of urban tourism originating in the UK. It referred to guided tours where participants followed a planned route under the guidance of tour guides, with a strong emphasis on delving deep into the city’s history, culture and landscapes among other aspects. ____47____ For the former, by participating in a city walk, they can gain insight into the city’s history, culture, and style, which allows them to connect personally with the city and experience its bustling life. For the latter two, they may spend weekends gaining a deeper understanding of their place of residence, reconnecting with that which they are familiar. Seasoned city walkers share their recommended routes and snack spots on social media and quickly rack up thousands of fans. Districts and streets with a great historical or cultural atmosphere in major cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu have become popular city walk routes. The appeal of a city walk lies in three aspects. First, the young generation gradually changes their attitude toward life, pursuing quality leisure time while being occupied with demanding workloads and limited time for exploration. ____48____ They may not witness the beautiful views they would in the countryside, but they do get an endless procession of exciting faces. Second, walking regularly is good for mental and physical health. Research shows that it significantly lowers your chances of developing vascular dementia, boosting your immune system and making for a healthier heart. While strolling along the road, you can entirely focus on yourself and listen to your inner voice and care for what you feel, which is a way to love yourself and benefit your psychological. well-being. Oscar Wilde once said, “To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance.” ____49____ Last, city walkers are a cast of people who possess intense curiosity. They are keen to connect with the city in which they are stopping or reside in their own way. By “roaming” on foot, city walkers are better able to feel the texture and listen to the breath of a place. ____50____ For example, in Southwest China’s Chongqing Municipality, if you don’t take a walk, you can hardly experience the unique geographical charm of the mountainous city. Be it the hutong in Beijing or the Chinese parasol tree district in Shanghai; city walks allow people to see the scenery apart from the scene and uncover hidden knowledge. A. The streets and buildings may stay the same, but the people they meet change. B. They seek pleasure more through connection than consumption, which signifies a deep cultural curiosity. C. City walkers may be tourists from afar or migrant workers and locals. D. However, the tourist industry may misuse it as a profitable symbol and decrease its creativity and uniqueness. E. However, don’t do it just because it’s good for you, do it because it’s fun. F. City walks are becoming increasingly accepted and acknowledged by more and more people. 【答案】47. C 48. A 49. E 50. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，最近城市漫步非常受欢迎，它让人们更接近真实的生活氛围，文章介绍了城市漫步吸引人们的三个原因。 【47题详解】 空处是段落主题句，根据下文“For the former, by participating in a city walk, they can gain insight into the city’s history, culture, and style, which allows them to connect personally with the city and experience its bustling life. For the latter two, they may spend weekends gaining a deeper understanding of their place of residence, reconnecting with that which they are familiar.(对于前者，通过参与城市步行，他们可以深入了解城市的历史、文化和风格，让他们与城市建立个人联系，体验城市的繁华生活。对于后两种人来说，他们可能会利用周末来加深对居住地的了解，重新与他们熟悉的地方建立联系)”可知，本段提到了城市漫步的三种人，空处需引出参与城市漫步的人的类型，C项“城市步行者可能是远道而来的游客，也可能是外来务工人员和当地人”符合语境，故选C。 【48题详解】 根据下文“They may not witness the beautiful views they would in the countryside, but they do get an endless procession of exciting faces.(他们可能看不到乡村的美景，但他们确实能看到无数令人兴奋的面孔)”可知，此处是说城市漫步可以遇到不同的人，A项“街道和建筑物可能保持不变，但他们遇到的人会改变”符合语境，故选A。 【49题详解】 根据本段首句“Second, walking regularly is good for mental and physical health.(第二，经常散步对身心健康都有好处)”及上文“Oscar Wilde once said, “To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance.”(奥斯卡·王尔德曾经说过：“爱自己是一生浪漫的开始。”)”可知，本段主要讲城市漫步对身心健康有好处，说明爱自己是一生浪漫的开始，空处承接上文，进一步说明要爱自己，E项“然而，不要仅仅因为它对你有好处就去做，还因为它很有趣才去做这件事”与本段主题一致，故选E。 【50题详解】 根据上文“Last, city walkers are a cast of people who possess intense curiosity. They are keen to connect with the city in which they are stopping or reside in their own way.(最后，城市漫步者是一群拥有强烈好奇心的人。他们热衷于以自己的方式与他们停留或居住的城市建立联系)”可知，本段提到城市漫步者的好奇心以及与该城市建立联系，B项“他们更多地通过联系而不是消费来寻求快乐，这表明他们对文化有着深刻的好奇心”与本段主题一致，故选B。 IV. Translation (10%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets. 51. 当我走的时候，我朝冰淇淋店老板指了指手腕，又耸了耸肩。(signal) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When I left, I signaled to the ice cream shop owner by pointing to my wrist and shrugged my shoulders. 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句、动词短语、名词短语、介词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，该句为when表示“当……时候”引导的时间状语从句，表示“离开”为动词leave；在主句中，表示“给某人发信号，向某人示意”应为动词短语signal to sb；表示“冰淇淋店老板”应为名词短语the ice cream shop owner；后接表示“通过指着我的手腕”的介词短语by pointing to my wrist；表示“耸了耸肩”应为动词短语shrug my shoulders；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故翻译为：When I left, I signaled to the ice cream shop owner by pointing to my wrist and shrugged my shoulders. 52. 你确实需要这些技能去分析你周围的世界，去处理信息，最重要的是，去独立思考。(analyse) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】You do need these skills to analyse the world around you, process information, and most importantly, think independently. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和名词。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般现在时，表示客观情况。表示“你确实需要这些技能”应用句子you do need these skills 为主谓宾结构，表示“去分析你周围的世界”应用to analyse the world around you，为不定式作目的状语，其中around you为介词短语作定语，修饰前面名词 the world；表示“处理信息”应用process information；表示“最重要的是”应用most importantly，为副词作状语；表示“独立思考”应用think independently。故翻译为You do need these skills to analyse the world around you, process information, and most importantly, think independently. 53. 尽管不同国家可能说着同一种语言，但其中可能存在很多差异，这不仅体现在词汇上，而且拼写、语法和发音也不尽相同。(likely) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although different countries may speak the same language, there are likely to be many differences among them, not only in vocabulary but also in spelling, grammar, and pronunciation. 【解析】 【详解】考查连词、形容词、让步状语从句、there be句型和介词短语。“尽管不同国家可能说着同一种语言”让步状语从句，用从属连词although引导，主语“不同国家”用different countries，谓语“可能说”译为may speak，宾语“同一种语言”译为the same language；“但其中可能存在很多差异”是主句，用there be句型there be likely to be...，意为“可能存在”，主语“很多差异”用many differences表示，是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式are，“其中”作状语，用介词短语among them；“这不仅体现在词汇上，而且拼写、语法和发音也不尽相同”可理解为方式状语，译为not only in vocabulary but also in spelling, grammar, and pronunciation，用复合连词not only...but also...连接介词短语in vocabulary和in spelling, grammar, and pronunciation。综上，全句译为：Although different countries may speak the same language, there are likely to be many differences among them, not only in vocabulary but also in spelling, grammar, and pronunciation. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 上海市顾村中学2024学年第一学期期中考试 高一年级英语学科 I. Listening comprehension (25%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A.4:15. B.4:50. C.5:40. D.5:05. 2. A. At a book store. B. At a library. C. At a reading room. D. At a hotel. 3. A. Student and school administrator. B. Employer and employee. C. Jobseeker and interviewer. D. Salesperson and customer. 4. A. She doesn’t feel well. B. She doesn’t want to. C. She has an appointment. D. She has to work. 5. A. Selecting courses. B. Language study. C. Studying abroad. D. Literature books. 6. A. His sister. B. His mother. C. His brother. D. His father. 7. A. Easy-going. B. Bad-mannered. C. Strict. D. Hardworking. 8. A. Decide whether they should go to the movies. B. Decide which food to choose. C. Go to a movie a little later. D. Choose a restaurant as soon as possible. 9. A. Nancy has a keen eye for style. B. Nancy regrets buying the dress. C. Nancy and Mary went shopping together in Rome. D. Nancy and Mary like to follow the latest fashion. 10. A. The woman doesn’t drive very often. B. The traffic is always very bad. C. Taking public transportation is better than driving. D. The subway is crowded. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A.8. B.9. C.15.10 D.22. 12 A. Some of the firefighters were seriously injured. B. Several firefighters were killed in the fire. C. No firefighter was injured or killed. D. Several firefighters were slightly injured. 13. A. Misuse of electronic equipment. B. Dry weather. C. Overused batteries. D. Careless smokers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. College facilities B. Dormitory assignment. C. Vacation arrangements. D. Winter break activities. 15. A. The college store. B. The computer center. C. The gymnasium. D. The dining halls. 16. A. There will be only one dormitory open to the students. B. The dormitories will be open on a reduced schedule. C. There will be no heating in the dormitories. D. All the dormitories will be temporarily closed to the students. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. She has packed it in one of her bags. B. She has probably left it in a taxi. C. She is going to get it the airport. D. She is afraid that she has lost it. 18. A. It ends in winter. B. It will cost her a lot. C. It will last one week. D. It depends on the weather. 19. A. The plane is taking off soon. B. There might be a traffic jam. C. The taxi is waiting for them. D. There is a lot of stuff to pack 20. A. At home. B. In the man’s car. C. At the airport. D. By the side of a taxi. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Japanese company has developed an artificial intelligence filter that can detect angry screams and translate them into calm speech in order to reduce the stress ____1____ (experience) by call center operators. Large tech companies have long been aware of the stress their call center operators are exposed to every single day, ____2____ many customers taking out their anger and frustrations on them. Some of them have even introduced stress management programs ____3____ include relaxation techniques, meditation, yoga, or therapy meant to irritability and anxiety. However, one Japanese company may have come up with a much ____4____ (efficient) solution-using AI to completely take screaming and aggressive speech out of the equation. SoftBank claims to have spent three years ____5____ (create) a voice filter that detects screaming and automatically translates it into calm speech. SoftBank’s voice filter consists of two stages, one in which the AI identifies ____6____ angry voice and extracts key points of speech, and a second where it uses acoustic tools to transform it into a more natural, even polite tone. Interestingly, the filter doesn’t change any of the word spoken by the person, but significantly softens the intonation. The call center operator will still hea any insults uttered, only in a soft tone, which____7____ help reduce their stress and anxiety. ____8____ (train) the AI, SoftBank’s engineers asked 10 actors to record at least 100 common phrases including screams, accusations, threats, and demands for an apology. In total, more than 10,000 pieces of voice data ____9____ (use) to train the AI filter. It’s unclear _____10_____ SoftBank plans to implement the new scream-filtering AI into its call centers, but it will be interesting to see how well it works and how it impacts the emotional wellbeing of operators. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A adult B. limitations C. bears D. nasty E. comfort F. creative G. teenager H. expectations I. achieve J. shortage K. pressure A Letter to My Daughter I know perhaps you will be surprised to read this: I remember well what it was like to be a (n) ____11____. As I watch you prepare for your first day of senior high school, there are a few things I want you to know. You may be putting yourself under ____12____ to make sure that everything is perfect for that first day, but I want you to know that there’s no such thing as perfect. I’ve said it before, but it ____13____ repeating. There is nothing perfect. There is only good enough, but what is most important is believing you’re good enough — just as you are. Also, remember that you’re not in this boat alone. You’re not the only one facing a new school, new classmates, new teachers, new ____14____ and new pressures. At some point, everyone else is — or was — where you are right now. I hope you find ____15____ in that. There might be some people who will not always be so friendly to you . You will find such people not only in senior high school, but throughout your ____16____ life . When you are reflecting on a (n) ____17____ comment someone made on you or an unfriendly glance that came your way, I hope you’ll remember that these behaviours always say more about the giver than the receiver and there will never be a (n) ____18____ of kind people and genuine smiles in your life. Remember that, too, when you are tempted to be nasty to someone else. As you go forward into this new chapter in your life, I hope you’ll realize early that we are most often held back by the ____19____ we put on ourselves — by the stories we tell ourselves about who and what we are. Whenever you’re tempted to say, “I can’t ...” or “I’m not ...” about something you really want to _____20_____, I hope you’ll change that story — because you can and you are. III. Reading Comprehension (45%) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. If you want to look your best in the morning, it may be worth swapping the ultra-processed pastries and fruit juice for wholemeal toast and tea without sugar. Researchers in France found that people who ate a breakfast rich in refined carbohydrates (碳水化合物) were rated less ____21____ than those who started the day with healthier unrefined carbs. Scientists at the University of Montpellier believe the subtle shift in facial attractiveness may be driven by changes in blood sugar and insulin (胰岛素) that can ____22____ skin appearance and have longer-term effects on sex hormones. “It’s surprising to consider but our dietary choices can have ____23____ effects on our appearance,” said Dr Claire Berticat, an evolutionary biologist and the first author on the study. “These physiological changes could subtly alter facial features, impacting how others____24____ attractiveness.” The researchers recruited 52 men and 52 women aged 20 to 30 and ____25____ assigned them to have a 500-calorie breakfast rich in either refined or unrefined carbohydrates. The refined carbs breakfast included a French baguette ma dc from industrially milled flour, jam, apple or orange juice, and tea or coffee with ____26____ available. The unrefined carbs meal was stoneground wholemeal bread with butter and cheese, an orange or apple, and tea or coffee without sugar. The scientists measured blood sugar levels of volunteers before and after they ____27____ and then took headshots of the participants under controlled lighting conditions. The photos were then passed to groups of raters to ____28____ how old, how masculine or feminine and how attractive the individuals looked. Writing in Plos One, the researchers claim that eating refined carbohydrates for breakfast____29____ facial attractiveness for men and women. “The effect varies by gender and meal type, underscoring the ____30____ relationship between diet and attractiveness,” Berticat said. “Our findings serve as a compelling reminder of the far-reaching impact of dietary choices not only on health but also on traits having particular social ____31____ such as facial attractiveness.” Refined carbohydrates can produce spikes (猛增) in blood sugar, which the body counters by ____32____ insulin. The response can drive sugar levels too low, a condition called hypoglycaemia (低血糖症), and affect blood flow and skin appearance. In the study, only the refined carbs breakfast produced hypoglycaemia. David Perrett, a professor of psychology at the University of St Andrews, who has studied facial cues for health, said there should be no surprise that ____33____ affects attractiveness. Fruit and vegetables improved attractiveness by increasing plant pigments called carotenoids in the skin, he said, while high-sugar diets could ____34____ the skin. “The authors suggest that the refined carbohydrate could be affecting peripheral blood flow,” Perrett said. “Blood flow can change skin appearance very rapidly. One can see the ____35____ within seconds in the case of feeling sick when the blood drains from the skin. We found that most people look healthier, and more attractive, when their skin color reflects a slight rise in oxygenated blood.” 21. A. peculiar B. attractive C. innovative D. mysterious 22. A. affect B. integrate C. examine D. form 23. A. limited B. ecological C. economic D. rapid 24. A. diagnose B. maintain C. perceive D. dominate 25. A. inevitably B. randomly C. frequently D. harmoniously 26. A. milk B. sugar C. nut D. cream 27. A. fainted B. arrived C. ate D. slept 28. A. estimate B. misunderstand C. stress D. assure 29. A. decreased B. represented C. promoted D. restored 30. A. interpersonal B. spatial C. complex D. genetic 31. A. importance B. order C. life D. custom 32. A. observing B. monitoring C. isolating D. releasing 33. A. evolution B. intention C. diet D. profession 34. A. protect B. refresh C. cool D. age 35. A. exploitation B. impact C. priority D. starvation Section B Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Last weekend I visited Rome for the first time. I spent three busy days in the Italian capital, seeing lots of tourist attractions and walking down streets lit with Christmas decorations. Here are the things that I loved most about the city. Rome is one of the most ancient cities in the world and is full of wonderful relics from its distant past. These monuments include the Roman Forum and the vast Coliseum where gladiators used to fight each other until death and hunt exotic animals. The ruins of buildings and temples are fascinating: you can’t quite believe how old they are. I studied the masterpieces of the Renaissance period at university and was very excited to see them in real life. We walked around the museum in Vatican City and saw plenty of famous sculptures. The best part of the visit was without a doubt, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted in the early 16th century by the great Michelangelo. It was so breathtaking that I couldn’t tear my eyes away from it. In Rome, there is a lot of food on offer for tourists but some of it isn’t very good quality. I made an effort to find authentic restaurants to taste the popular meals of the region, like pasta with tomato, onion and bacon. I also loved eating ice cream and hot chocolate under the Christmas lights. Rome has lots of luxury boutiques but also plenty of shops that were more in my price range! It was a perfect opportunity to go and buy presents for my family and friends. There was also a Christmas market, where I bought a sparkly decoration for the tree. I love seeing new places, especially capital cities. I have been very lucky this year because I also visited Amsterdam and New York in the summer. Hopefully I’ll get to travel even more in the future. I would love to see Prague, Budapest and explore other places outside of Europe. Where do you think I should go next? 36. The underlined word “gladiators” in the 2nd paragraph probably means “________”. A. athletes B. butchers C. invaders D. fighters 37. The author found the ruins of buildings and temples fascinating because ________. A. they represent Rome’s religion B. they are relics from Rome’s distant past C. they are modern and fashion D. they include exotic animals 38. What is mainly discussed in the 3rd paragraph? A. The history of Vatican City. B. The life story of Michelangelo. C. The art-related activities during the visit. D. The literature of the Renaissance period. 39. According to the passage, when visiting Rome you should be careful in choosing the ________. A. food B. attractions C. hotels D. luxury boutiques (B) Take a closer look at the wonders of Kew Gardens by joining a guided walking tour. Led by our knowledgeable volunteer guides, it is a fun and informative way to explore the grounds. Free daily walking tours Tours leave at 11 am and 1:30 pm from the information desk at Victoria Gate Plaza. Each guide presents their own tour and takes in the highlights(最精彩的部分) of the season. Themed tours Tours leave at 12 from the information desk at Victoria Gate Plaza. Our guides offer attractive seasonal themes including Autumn Colour and Winter Evergreens. Expert-guided tours Every Tuesday throughout the year at 11:30 am and 2:30 pm we’ll be holding an expert-guided tour. The tour will feature (以…为特色) a different plant each month and you’ll go behind the Scenes and talk to Kew staff about their work. You’ll find out interesting facts about the featured plant or fungus(真菌), including why it’s grown at Kew and how it’s used and cared for. Price The cost is £ 60 per guide (this does not include your entry to the Gardens). Each guide can take 15 people. Groups of more than 15 must book more than one guide. Smaller groups are also accepted but the cost remains £ 60. Tours take about one hour and may be booked from 10 am every day. Please note that no refunds(退款) can be given once tickets are booked. 40. What time can you choose if you go to Free daily walking tours? A. 9 am. B. 10 am. C. 11 am. D. 2:30 pm. 41. What can we learn about Expert-guided tours? A. People can get in touch with experts ahead of time. B. People have no choice but to go on Tuesday. C. People can be warmly received by the staff. D. People can have a taste of fungus. 42. How much is the guide cost for 5 people? A. £ 60. B. £ 120. C. £ 150. D. £ 300. (C) In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 43. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 44. What does Daru’s study focus on? A Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 45. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 46. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Trending City Walks Bring People Closer to Real Vibe of Life Recently, the “city walk” trend has been gaining steam among residents and tourists around China. On trend bible Xiaohongshu, data shows that the number of city walk-related topic posts has increased by 700 percent over the past three months, and the total number of interactions has increased by more than 600 percent. A city walk is a form of urban tourism originating in the UK. It referred to guided tours where participants followed a planned route under the guidance of tour guides, with a strong emphasis on delving deep into the city’s history, culture and landscapes among other aspects. ____47____ For the former, by participating in a city walk, they can gain insight into the city’s history, culture, and style, which allows them to connect personally with the city and experience its bustling life. For the latter two, they may spend weekends gaining a deeper understanding of their place of residence, reconnecting with that which they are familiar. Seasoned city walkers share their recommended routes and snack spots on social media and quickly rack up thousands of fans. Districts and streets with a great historical or cultural atmosphere in major cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu have become popular city walk routes. The appeal of a city walk lies in three aspects. First, the young generation gradually changes their attitude toward life, pursuing quality leisure time while being occupied with demanding workloads and limited time for exploration. ____48____ They may not witness the beautiful views they would in the countryside, but they do get an endless procession of exciting faces. Second, walking regularly is good for mental and physical health. Research shows that it significantly lowers your chances of developing vascular dementia, boosting your immune system and making for a healthier heart. While strolling along the road, you can entirely focus on yourself and listen to your inner voice and care for what you feel, which is a way to love yourself and benefit your psychological. well-being. Oscar Wilde once said, “To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance.” ____49____ Last, city walkers are a cast of people who possess intense curiosity. They are keen to connect with the city in which they are stopping or reside in their own way. By “roaming” on foot, city walkers are better able to feel the texture and listen to the breath of a place. ____50____ For example, in Southwest China’s Chongqing Municipality, if you don’t take a walk, you can hardly experience the unique geographical charm of the mountainous city. Be it the hutong in Beijing or the Chinese parasol tree district in Shanghai; city walks allow people to see the scenery apart from the scene and uncover hidden knowledge. A. The streets and buildings may stay the same, but the people they meet change. B. They seek pleasure more through connection than consumption which signifies a deep cultural curiosity. C. City walkers may be tourists from afar or migrant workers and locals. D. However, the tourist industry may misuse it as a profitable symbol and decrease its creativity and uniqueness. E. However, don’t do it just because it’s good for you, do it because it’s fun. F. City walks are becoming increasingly accepted and acknowledged by more and more people. IV. Translation (10%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets. 51. 当我走的时候，我朝冰淇淋店老板指了指手腕，又耸了耸肩。(signal) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 52. 你确实需要这些技能去分析你周围的世界，去处理信息，最重要的是，去独立思考。(analyse) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 尽管不同国家可能说着同一种语言，但其中可能存在很多差异，这不仅体现在词汇上，而且拼写、语法和发音也不尽相同。(likely) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$