精品解析：上海市位育中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷

2024学年第一学期位育中学期中试试卷 高一年级英语学科 （考试时间：100分钟 总分：100分） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A (5) Directions: I, Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Learning to drive. B. Buying the insurance. C. Buying a car. D. Taking a plane. 2. A. At an airport. B. At a police station. C. At a travel agency. D. At a hotel. 3. A. Customer and shop assistant. B. Trainer and trainee. C. Customer and travel agent. D. Guide and tourist. 4. A. Cantonese food. B. Shanghai food. C. Hunan food. D. None of the above. 5. A. 7 days. B. 1 year. C. Anytime. D. Two years. 6. A. She will sell it to buy a bookstore. B. She is changing it into a bookstore. C. She will rent it to a bookstore owner. D. She is still hesitating about it. 7. A. Because of the cool air-conditioner. B. Because of the dressing code. C. Because of his politeness. D. Because of the weather forecast. 8. A. She lost her purse. B. She forgot to bring money. C. She failed to attend the concert. D. She was unable to get the student discount. 9. A. He was sorry for the woman’s absence. B. He was happy about the woman’s absence. C. He suggested the woman bring her daughter. D. He suggested the woman visit the university. 10. A. Taylor is unlikely to change his behavior. B. She thinks Taylor has turned over a new leaf. C. Tailor is changing at such a speed as a leopard’s. D. She is surprised but satisfied with Taylor’s change. Section B (10) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one conversation. You will be asked three questions on each of the passages and four questions for the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. (10) 11. A. They are remarkably intelligent birds. B. They can please a princess by sending roses. C. They have a sense of environmental protection. D. They have been trained to be rubbish collectors. 12. A. Nicolas de Villiers is the initiator of the crow rubbish picking campaign. B. The idea of crow garbage collecting is rewarding the crows for their efforts. C. The purpose of the crow garbage collectors is just to clean the environment. D. The experiment of crow garbage collecting is quite different from that of crow intelligence. 13. A. Innovative cleaners of the environment. B. Close supervisors of the theme park. C. Bird exhibits to please park-goers. D. Magical birds to train people. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Competitive and flexible personalities decide their achievement. B. Their sensitivity to the surroundings leads to their success. C. They share the idealistic personalities and pursue perfection. D. Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates are middle children. 15. A. Scientists. B. Classical music players. C. Artists. D. Chief executive officials. 16. A. Birth order affects personality. B. Birth order influence career paths. C. How people achieve their success. D. Family size plays a part. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage. 17. A. Because of their durability. B. Because they are symbols of status. C. Because of the trend in fashion. D. Because they look quite appealing. 18. A. The man was the creator of jeans. B. The man applied for a patent for jeans. C. It led to the popularity of jeans. D. It led to a flood of fake products. 19. A. They are durable and wash easily. B. They appear on sex and violence ads. C. They win the favor of many women liberalists. D. They are influenced by cowboy style and rebellious spirit. 20. A. The advantages of jeans. B. The culture of western America. C. The history of jeans. D. The change of jeans. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary: Section A (0.5*20=10) 1. —It’s good to see you again, Agnes. —This has been our first chance to visit since ________ from Iran. A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning 2. ―Your job __________ open for your return. ―Thanks. A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept 3. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you ______ to me. A. are writing B. will write C. has written D. write 4. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He ________ in a radio factory at that time. A. had worked B. has worked C. was working D. has been working 5. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ______ the cloth ______ well. A. have told；washes B. have been told；washes C. was told；washed D. have been told；is washed 6. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ________ was true. A. he B. this C. which D. who 7. After graduation she reached a point in her career___she needed to decide what to do. A. that B. what C. which D. where 8. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 9. The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. A. that B. as C where D. when 10. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since 11. （2016·浙江）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________has been proved. A. whom B. which C. what D. that 12. Care of the soul is a gradual process ______ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 13. Mr. Jackson is a generous man ________ you can turn for help at any time. A. to which B. for which C. for whom D. to whom 14. She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when 15. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction____she had come. A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which 16. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, ________ wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 17. —Dad, let’s go white-water rafting! —Ok. But equip yourself first. It is not such an easy job ______________ it looks. A. as B. which C. that D. what 18. ______ I have got a full mark is good news for me. A. As B. If C. Whether D. That 19. He spends a lot of time on Tik Tok. That’s ______ his sight get worse and worse. A. because B. why C. how D. what 20. The universal language of music helps to achieve ______ communications between countries aim at. A. how B. what C. which D. why Section B (10) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A awareness B. clear C. encourage D. ignore E. immediate F. limiting G. redesigning H. significantly I. team J. theme K. unlikely Go Recycling No one looking at the state of Earth in 2023 can be in any doubt that we are facing three serious environmental problems: climate problem, loss of biodiversity (生物多样性) and pollution of air, soil and water. To solve the problems, we increase the use of electric cars, ____21____ greener eating and reduce plastic use. However, sometimes these solutions can be opposite to the expected goals. For instance, creating space for biofuel crops to give off fewer pollutants and greenhouse gases can, in fact, ____22____ increase the cutting down of trees. That means in most cases solutions aiming at one problem each time are ____23____ to be effective. And, what is perhaps lacking is a(n) ____24____ of how interlinked these problems are. We should realize that a key ____25____ linking all the three problems is waste. The root cause of global warming is CO2, a waste gas. The seas are polluted by plastic and other waste products. We ____26____ forests, among other things, to grow more food — much of which goes to waste. A shocking figure lies at the heart of our special report on our world — of the more than 100 billion tons of things that humans use each year, hardly 10% is recycled. That makes it obvious a full-range war on waste should be paid ____27____ attention. The situation requires our speedy moving away from the way of thinking — “take, make, throw” — towards a more recyclable one, which means we should begin ____28____ the products and when they reach the end of their useful lives, they can be recycled. Solving the three problems calls for a huge transition with joint efforts. Governments must take the lead by introducing laws with the purpose of rewarding green practices, such as the ____29____ of waste. Industries can reduce, re-use and recycle wherever possible, and _____30_____ themselves with suppliers and the like-minded to realize recyclable business models. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A (15) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When it comes to lowering stress at work, studies from around the world have yielded a set of five tips with advice ___31___ from having a nap at your desk to taking your pet to work. The first tip highlighted by New Science magazine is that workers should be sociable—but not too sociable. British research has shown that ___32___ is good for health, with a study of thousands of civil servants revealing that moral ___33___ from colleagues, encouragement from supervisors and clear direction from bosses kept stress levels ___34___ . Male civil servants who ___35___ support in the workplace were 31 percent more likely to suffer from ___36___ and depression, and women 43 percent. ___37___ , too much socializing could lead to work piling up. The second tip is to ensure your surroundings are as ___38___ as possible. Simply being able to see your colleagues makes the working day much more ___39___ and the height of partitions dividing up office space affects stress level. ___40___ , the higher the partition is, the more people complain about noise from their neighbours. Research from the University of Montreal shows that the optimum partition height is 1.3 metres—high enough to provide ___41___ but low enough to ensure staff do not feel ___42___ . The third piece of advice for works is to learn to switch off. Mobile phones and other ___43___ equipment should be switched off after hours of working to allow burnt-out brain cells to recharge. The fourth piece of advice for workers is to take a nap at your desk every day, which is very easy to do. Playing with a cat or a dog can also ___44___ relaxation and if workers can persuade their boss to let them into the office then the day will ___45___. 31. A. differing B. ranging C. changing D. including 32. A. sociability B. responsibility C. ability D. reliability 33. A. lessons B. standard C. support D. behaviour 34. A. up B. high C. still D. down 35. A. needed B. lacked C. gained D. gave 36. A. anxiety B. ambition C. accident D. poverty 37. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Moreover 38. A. pleasant B. colourful C. serious D. wide 39. A. miserable B. understandable C. unforgettable D. manageable 40. A. Obviously B. Luckily C. Surprisingly D. Naturally 41. A. space B. privacy C. communication D. cooperation 42. A. crowded B. surrounded C. devoted D. isolated 43. A. electronic B. industrial C. office D. expensive 44. A. aid B. destroy C. leave D. reduce 45. A. go on B. draw near C. be over D. fly by Section B (2*11=22) Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) For some people,music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes(音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale. As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music sets them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,” says Margaret,a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition. Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesn't involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can't see. certain colors. Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed(诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say,” No thanks, I'm amusic,'“says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.” 46. Which of the following is true of amusic? A. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them. B. They love places where they are likely to hear music. C. They can easily tell two different songs apart. D. Their situation is well understood by musicians. 47. According to Paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who ___________. A. dislikes listening to speeches B. can hear anything nonmusical C. has a hearing problem D. lacks a complex hearing system 48. In the last paragraph, Margaret expressed her wish that __________. A. her problem with music had been diagnosed earlier B. she were seventeen years old rather than seventy C. her problem could be easily explained D. she were able to meet other amusics 49. What is the passage mainly concerned with? A. Amusics' strange behaviours. B. Some people's inability to enjoy music. C. Musical talent and brain structure. D. Identification and treatment of amusics. (B) Home Laundry Automatic Dryer Product Full Two Year Warranty Limited Five Year Warranty on Cabinet Warranty Provides for: FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge. THIRD THRU FIFTH YEARS Amana will provide a free replacement part for any cabinet which proves faulty due to rust. Warranty Limitations: ·Warranty begins at date of original purchase. ·Applies only to product used within the United States or in Canada if product is approved by Canadian Standards Association when shipped from factory. ·Products used on a commercial or rental basis not covered by this warranty. ·Service must be performed by an Amana servicer. ·Adjustments covered during first year only. Owner's Responsibilities: ·Provide sales receipt. ·Normal care and maintenance. ·Having the product reasonably accessible for service. ·Pay for service calls related to product installation or usage instructions. ·Pay for extra service costs, over normal service charges, if servicer is requested to perform service outside servicer's normal business hours. Warranty Does Not Cover It If: ·Product has damage due to product alteration connection to an improper electrical supply shipping and handling, accident, fire, floods, lightning or other conditions beyond the control of Amana. ·Product is improperly installed or applied. In no event shall Amana be responsible for consequential damages.* *This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have others which vary from state to state. For example, some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of consequential damages,so this exclusion may not apply to you. 50. According to Warranty Limitations, a product can be under warranty if ________. A. shipped from a Canadian factory B. rented for home use C. repaired by the user himself D used in the U.S.A. 51. According to Owner's Responsibilities, an owner has to pay for ________. A. the loss of the sales receipt B. a servicer's overtime work C. the product installation D. a mechanic's transportation 52. Which of the following is true according to the warranty? A. Consequential damages are excluded across America. B. A product damaged in a natural disaster is covered by the warranty. C. A faulty cabinet due to rust can be replaced free in the second year. D. Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year. (C) Was your school noisy or peaceful? It might not seem important, but a growing body of research suggests that sounds can have an impact on learning, performance and creativity. Whether background sounds are beneficial or not seems to depend on what kind of noise it is—and the volume. In a series of studies published last year, Ravi Mehta from the College of Business at Illinois and his colleagues tested people's creativity while exposed to a soundtrack made up of background noises—such as coffee-shop chatter and construction-site drilling—at different volumes. They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low. Loud background noise, however, damaged their creativity. This makes sense for a couple of reasons, says psychologist Dr Nick Perham, at Cardiff Metropolitan University in the UK, who studies the effect of sounds on learning but was not involved in the study. Firstly, he says, sounds that are most disturbing tend to be very variable. A general hum(嗡嗡声)in the background suggests a steady-state sound with not much variation. "So there's not much there to capture your attention- nothing disturbing the subjects," he says. At the same time, the background noise might cause the subjects to be in a slightly heightened state of arousal(觉醒), says Perham. "Medium arousal is best for good performance. So it might be that a general hum in the background gives an ideal level of arousal. " With that in mind, Perham suggests there may be some benefits to playing music or other sounds in an art class or other situations where creativity is key. Many teachers all over the world already play music to students in class. Many are inspired by the belief that hearing music can improve IQ in tasks, the so-called Mozart effect. While the evidence actually suggests it's a stretch to say classical music improves brainpower, researchers do think pleasant sounds before a task can sometimes lift your mood and help you perform well, says Perham, who has done his own studies on the phenomenon. The key appears to be that you enjoy what you're hearing. "If you like the music or you like the sound—even listening to a Stephen King novel -then you did better. It didn't matter about the music," he says. 53. Which of the following is true according to the studies by Ravi Mehta and Nick Perham? A. It's better not to expose people to any background noise while at work. B. Construction-site drilling should be forbidden where there is a school. C. Noises will harm people's health however low their volumes are. D. A certain level of noise may do good to people's creativity. 54. According to Dr Nick Perham, it can be inferred that in an art class, teachers had better________. A. keep the classroom quiet B. play music at a steady and medium volume C. broadcast classical music D. vary the volume of the music constantly 55. In the last paragraph, the underlined part "it's a stretch" is used to________. A. prove the usefulness of pleasing sounds B. confirm the belief of Mozart effect C. challenge the importance of soft music D. cast doubt on the power of music in raising IQ 56. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A. Learning Power: Noise and Music Work B. Noise Meeting Music: A Blessing? C. Noise or Music: Creativity in Danger D. Brainpower: More Music and Less Noise Section C (2*8分) Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. ____57____ Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters. After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable — destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants. ____58____ . That means harmful materials may get into our food supply. ____59____ . Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also works — where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end it after the first use. We could, when we get rid of that plastic, recycle and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials. The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. ____60____And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem. A. But people can make a big difference. B. Plastics should be gathered together and reused. C. Then, fish may eat the plastics. D. It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life. E. It asks for them to better measure and direct plastic use. F. The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation. Ⅳ. Fill in the blanks with proper words. (1*10=10分) 61. 我们不应该对寻求专业的帮助感到羞愧，因为我们的心理健康非常重要。 We should never __________ __________ __________ seeking professional help, as our mental health is very important. 62. 各种课外活动有助于培养学生的创造力。 Various extracurricular activities __________ __________ cultivating students’ creativity. 63. 他一贯开会迟到。 It is __________ __________ him to be late for the meeting. 64. 这项研究有明，文化和礼仪息息相关。 This study indicates a __________ __________ between culture and manners/that there is a close connection between culture and manners. 65. 地方当局曾呼吁市民保护好当地的历史古迹。 The local authorities __________ __________ to the citizens to protect the historic sites in this area. 66. 他在最后时刻取消计划，几乎没有考虑到朋友的感受。 He __________ __________ __________ __________ his friend’s feelings when he canceled their plans at the last minute. 67. 文化物品通常指的是一个与某一特定文化息息相关的物品。 A cultural object usually __________ __________ a thing that is closely related to a particular culture. 68. 当我们遇到问题的时候，要学会反省自己，不能一味责怪他人。 When we encounter problems we should __________ __________ ourselves instead of always blaming other people. 69. 酷爱吃快餐的年轻人应该更加注意饮食选择以确保身体健成并为环保做贡献。 Young people who __________ __________ __________ fast food should pay more attention to food choice to ensure their health and contribute to environmental protection 70. 菜单上有各种各样的沙拉。 There are __________ __________ __________ salads on your menu. Ⅴ. Translation (2+2+3+3) 71. 重要的是你抓住了这个珍贵的机会。（matter）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________ 72. 尽管不是这位记者的错，但是他还是向在场的人道歉了。（despite）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________ 73. 保留这幢建筑的遗址无疑是很明智的，因为这可以让人们铭记历史。（doubt）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________ 74. 近年来，由于在线送餐服务的发展，越来越多的塑料包装被丢弃，这将对环境产生负面影响。（which）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年第一学期位育中学期中试试卷 高一年级英语学科 （考试时间：100分钟 总分：100分） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A (5) Directions: I, Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Learning to drive. B. Buying the insurance. C. Buying a car. D. Taking a plane. 2. A. At an airport. B. At a police station. C. At a travel agency. D. At a hotel. 3. A. Customer and shop assistant. B. Trainer and trainee. C. Customer and travel agent. D. Guide and tourist. 4. A. Cantonese food. B. Shanghai food. C. Hunan food. D. None of the above. 5. A. 7 days. B. 1 year. C. Anytime. D. Two years. 6. A. She will sell it to buy a bookstore. B. She is changing it into a bookstore. C. She will rent it to a bookstore owner. D. She is still hesitating about it. 7. A. Because of the cool air-conditioner. B. Because of the dressing code. C. Because of his politeness. D. Because of the weather forecast. 8. A. She lost her purse. B. She forgot to bring money. C. She failed to attend the concert. D. She was unable to get the student discount. 9. A. He was sorry for the woman’s absence. B. He was happy about the woman’s absence. C. He suggested the woman bring her daughter. D. He suggested the woman visit the university. 10. A. Taylor is unlikely to change his behavior. B. She thinks Taylor has turned over a new leaf. C. Tailor is changing at such a speed as a leopard’s. D. She is surprised but satisfied with Taylor’s change. Section B (10) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one conversation. You will be asked three questions on each of the passages and four questions for the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. (10) 11. A. They are remarkably intelligent birds. B. They can please a princess by sending roses. C. They have a sense of environmental protection. D. They have been trained to be rubbish collectors. 12. A. Nicolas de Villiers is the initiator of the crow rubbish picking campaign. B. The idea of crow garbage collecting is rewarding the crows for their efforts. C. The purpose of the crow garbage collectors is just to clean the environment. D. The experiment of crow garbage collecting is quite different from that of crow intelligence. 13. A. Innovative cleaners of the environment. B. Close supervisors of the theme park. C. Bird exhibits to please park-goers. D. Magical birds to train people. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Competitive and flexible personalities decide their achievement. B. Their sensitivity to the surroundings leads to their success. C. They share the idealistic personalities and pursue perfection. D. Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates are middle children. 15. A. Scientists. B. Classical music players. C. Artists. D. Chief executive officials. 16. A. Birth order affects personality. B. Birth order influence career paths. C. How people achieve their success. D. Family size plays a part. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage. 17. A. Because of their durability. B. Because they are symbols of status. C. Because of the trend in fashion. D. Because they look quite appealing. 18. A. The man was the creator of jeans. B. The man applied for a patent for jeans. C. It led to the popularity of jeans. D. It led to a flood of fake products. 19. A. They are durable and wash easily. B. They appear on sex and violence ads. C. They win the favor of many women liberalists. D. They are influenced by cowboy style and rebellious spirit. 20. A. The advantages of jeans. B. The culture of western America. C. The history of jeans. D. The change of jeans. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary: Section A (0.5*20=10) 1. —It’s good to see you again, Agnes. —This has been our first chance to visit since ________ from Iran. A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：——很高兴再次见到你，艾格尼丝。——这是你从伊朗回来后我们第一次来这里。since引导时间状语从句时，主句使用了现在完成时，从句应该使用一般过去时。故选B。 2. ―Your job __________ open for your return. ―Thanks. A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：——你的工作将保留到你归来的时候。——谢谢。根据后文for your return可推知，句子用将来时态，主语与谓语动词是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选A。 3. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you ______ to me. A. are writing B. will write C. has written D. write 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：下次写信给我时，记得给我邮一张我们的照片。next time引导时间状语从句，而且其谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来，故选D。 4. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He ________ in a radio factory at that time. A. had worked B. has worked C. was working D. has been working 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：我10年前第一次见到汤姆，当时他在一家无线电工厂工作。根据at that time可知表示过去正在发生的事情，时态是过去进行时，结构为was/were+动词ing形式，主语是he，所以be动词用was，work的动词ing形式就是working。故选C。 5. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ______ the cloth ______ well. A. have told；washes B. have been told；washes C. was told；washed D. have been told；is washed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：因为我已经被告知这种布料很好洗，于是我想去买这种布。第一空中使用现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，且I与tell是被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动形式。第二空中动词wash与副词well连用，用主动形式表示被动含义。故B项正确。 【点睛】小题2中考查了主动表示被动的用法，涉及“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词使用主动表示被动的用法。具体用法如下： 1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到)等,例如:    Your reason sounds reasonable.   你的理由听起来很合理。    Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.  良药苦口。  2)一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open（打开，营业）, close（关门）, cut（切割）, weigh（重）, act（上演）,例如:   The door won't open.      这门打不开。   It can't move.     它不能动。  This shop opens much earlier than it used to. Each stone weighs 2 tons.   3)一些与well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell, wash, clean, burn, cook, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词+副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。例如:    The book sells well.   这种书很畅销。    These clothes wash well.  这些衣服很耐洗。  4) 用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词,  例如:This material has worn thin.  这料子已磨薄了。     The dust has blown into the house.  灰尘被风吹进了房子。  This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.    The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.   Written in simple English, this article reads easily.   5) 某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, cost以及短语，如come out（出版）, come up（出现）, come into being（产生） come to one’s mind（想起）, turn out（证明是）, come about（发生）, break out（爆发）, belong to（属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。    The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.     Suddenly an idea came to his mind.    It never occurred to me to phone you. 6. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ________ was true. A. he B. this C. which D. who 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：约翰说他已经在办公室工作了一个小时了，这件事是真的。分析句子结构可知，逗号前为完整的句子，逗号后为缺少主语的从句，先行词为约翰已经在办公室工作了一小时这件事情，所以用which引导非限制性定语从句。故选C。 7. After graduation she reached a point in her career___she needed to decide what to do. A. that B. what C. which D. where 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：毕业后，她的职业生涯到了需要决定做什么的时候。分析可知，空处及之后为定语从句，先行词为point，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以空处填关系副词where。故选D项。 8. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我就不会走得这么远。分析句子可知，本句为定语从句，先行词Professor Smith，在后面定语从句中作help的定语，所以关系代词为whose。故选B项。 9. The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. A. that B. as C. where D. when 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。故选A。 【点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和关系副词（when, where, why等）。 1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings. The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line. 2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略）。 e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions. I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion. The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesn’t fit me. 3. 非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that, 关系副词why, 不可用于非限定性定语从句。 4. 作介词宾语的关系代词 在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。 e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department. Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department. The room in which my family live used to be a garage. 10. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：受金融危机影响，当地五星级酒店每晚收费6000元的日子已经一去不复返了。定语从句修饰先行词days，在从句作时间状语，故用when。故选B。 11. （2016·浙江）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________has been proved. A. whom B. which C. what D. that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。分析句子可知，先行词是theories，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作of的宾语。故选B。 【名师点睛】对定语从句的考查主要是关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as, who在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；where, why, when在从句中分别作地点状语、原因状语和时间状语。要分析定语从句的结构，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。如果是“代词+of+关系代词”，注意先行词指人时用whom，先行词指物时用which。 12. Care of the soul is a gradual process ______ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：心灵的护理是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，甚至生活中那些微小的细节都应该加以考虑。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词process，从句中不缺少成分，应借助介词，用in which引导限制性定语从句，which代指前面的process。故选D。 13. Mr. Jackson is a generous man ________ you can turn for help at any time. A. to which B. for which C. for whom D. to whom 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：杰克逊先生是个慷慨的人，你可以随时向他求助。此处引导定语从句，turn to sb. for help为固定词组，意为“向某人求助”，介词后面接宾格形式，先行词为man，应用关系代词whom引导。故选D。 14. She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她永远不会忘记她在这里逗留期间她发现两年前丢失的儿子。分析句子可知，空白前句成分完整，后句不缺主干成分，考虑定语从句，先行词是stay，这里意为“逗留期间”，是时间名词，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少的是时间状语，要用when引导定语从句。故选D项。 15. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction____she had come. A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查介词和定语从句。句意：我看见一个女人在黑暗中向我跑来。 我还没来得及认出她是谁，她就朝她来的方向跑回去了。关系代词直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which，而which的先行词是direction ­­­，且又因是come from，所以是from which。故选D。 16. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, ________ wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】本题考查代词和定语从句。解题步骤：1. 确定代词：two people已经给出范围，所以只能用neither。2. 确定从句：从空格处到句末，此处为定语从句，应用关系代词引导，指人，关系代词要用whom。句意：上个星期，只有两个人来看房子，谁也不想买。综上，故选D。 17. —Dad, let’s go white-water rafting! —Ok. But equip yourself first. It is not such an easy job ______________ it looks. A. as B. which C. that D. what 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：---爸爸，去激流泛舟吧！---好啊。但要先装备自己。这不是一件像看起来这么容易的事。本题考查定语从句，这里such …as表示“像……这样的”，其中的 as 用作关系代词，引导定语从句，故选A。 18. ______ I have got a full mark is good news for me. A. As B. If C. Whether D. That 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我得了满分这个消息对我来说是个好消息。空处引导主语从句。主语从句中不缺成分，句意完整，所以用that引导该从句。故选D。 19. He spends a lot of time on Tik Tok. That’s ______ his sight get worse and worse. A. because B. why C. how D. what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他在Tik Tok上花费了很多时间。这就是为什么他的视力越来越差的原因。空处需要引导表语从句。根据“He spends a lot of time on Tik Tok.”可知，表语从句需要连接副词why引导，表示“这就是为什么视力越来越差的原因”。而because引导表语从句时表示原因，how引导表语从句时表示方式，what引导表语从句时在从句中作主语或宾语等，所以A，C，D均不正确。故选B。 20. The universal language of music helps to achieve ______ communications between countries aim at. A. how B. what C. which D. why 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：音乐这一通用语言有助于实现国与国之间交流的目标。引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用what。故选B。 Section B (10) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A awareness B clear C. encourage D. ignore E. immediate F. limiting G. redesigning H. significantly I. team J. theme K. unlikely Go Recycling No one looking at the state of Earth in 2023 can be in any doubt that we are facing three serious environmental problems: climate problem, loss of biodiversity (生物多样性) and pollution of air, soil and water. To solve the problems, we increase the use of electric cars, ____21____ greener eating and reduce plastic use. However, sometimes these solutions can be opposite to the expected goals. For instance, creating space for biofuel crops to give off fewer pollutants and greenhouse gases can, in fact, ____22____ increase the cutting down of trees. That means in most cases solutions aiming at one problem each time are ____23____ to be effective. And, what is perhaps lacking is a(n) ____24____ of how interlinked these problems are. We should realize that a key ____25____ linking all the three problems is waste. The root cause of global warming is CO2, a waste gas. The seas are polluted by plastic and other waste products. We ____26____ forests, among other things, to grow more food — much of which goes to waste. A shocking figure lies at the heart of our special report on our world — of the more than 100 billion tons of things that humans use each year, hardly 10% is recycled. That makes it obvious a full-range war on waste should be paid ____27____ attention. The situation requires our speedy moving away from the way of thinking — “take, make, throw” — towards a more recyclable one, which means we should begin ____28____ the products and when they reach the end of their useful lives, they can be recycled. Solving the three problems calls for a huge transition with joint efforts. Governments must take the lead by introducing laws with the purpose of rewarding green practices, such as the ____29____ of waste. Industries can reduce, re-use and recycle wherever possible, and _____30_____ themselves with suppliers and the like-minded to realize recyclable business models. 【答案】21. encourage 22. significantly 23. unlikely 24. awareness 25. theme 26. ignore 27. immediate 28. redesigning 29. limiting 30. team 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章强调了地球面临的环境问题，包括气候变化、生物多样性丧失和空气、土壤、水污染。提出通过鼓励绿色生活方式、减少塑料使用以及重视废物处理来解决这些问题。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：为了解决这些问题，我们增加了电动汽车的使用，鼓励更环保的饮食，减少塑料的使用。分析句子可知，设空处单词与increase和reduce是并列关系，也是谓语动词，结合句意，表示“鼓励”，用动词encourage。故填encourage。 【22题详解】 考查副词。句意：例如，为生物燃料作物创造空间以释放更少的污染物和温室气体，实际上可能会大大增加对树木的砍伐。根据上文“sometimes these solutions can be opposite to the expected goals”可推知，为生物燃料作物创造空间的想法可能事与愿违，可能会“大幅”增加对树木的砍伐，用副词significantly修饰动词increase，作状语。故填significantly。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这意味着在大多数情况下，每次只针对一个问题的解决方案不太可能有效。根据上文“sometimes these solutions can be opposite to the expected goals”可推知，一些解决方案“不太可能”有效，用形容词unlikely作表语。故填unlikely。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：而且，可能缺乏的是对这些问题是如何相互关联的认识。根据上文“most cases solutions aiming at one problem each time”可知，很多解决方案每次只针对一个问题，不太可能有效，所以我们缺乏的是对于这些问题是如何相互关联的“认识”，用名词awareness作表语。故填awareness。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们应该认识到，连接所有这三个问题的一个关键主题是浪费。结合空格前冠词a可知，空格处单词作表语，用名词，结合句意，表示“关键主题”，用名词theme。故填theme。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：为了种植更多的粮食，我们忽略了森林，而且其中大部分都被浪费了。根据上文“The root cause of global warming is CO2, a waste gas. The seas are polluted by plastic and other waste products.”可推知，我们认为造成全球变暖和海洋污染的是二氧化碳、塑料和其他废物，为了种更多的粮食，我们“忽略”了森林的作用，用动词ignore作谓语动词。故填ignore。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：很明显，一场针对浪费的全面战争应该立即引起重视。根据上文“of the more than 100 billion tons of things that humans use each year, hardly 10% is recycled.”可知，浪费现象非常严重，所以需要“立即”引起重视，用形容词immediate作定语。故填immediate。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：这种情况要求我们迅速摆脱“拿、造、扔”的思维方式，转向更可回收的思维方式，这意味着我们应该开始重新设计产品，当它们的使用寿命结束时，它们可以被回收利用。根据上文“ moving away from the way of thinking — “take, make, throw””可推知，之前的思维方式需要改变，所以需要“重新设计”产品，用动名词redesigning作宾语。故填redesigning。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：政府必须带头制定法律，奖励诸如限制浪费等绿色行为。根据上文“Governments must take the lead by introducing laws”可推知，政府需要制定法律“限制”浪费，用动名词limiting作宾语。故填limiting。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：公司可以尽可能减少、再利用和回收，并与供应商和志同道合的人合作，实现可回收的商业模式。根据下文“suppliers and the like-minded to realize recyclable business models”可推知，公司需要与志同道合的人“合作”，用动词team，作谓语动词。故填team。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A (15) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When it comes to lowering stress at work, studies from around the world have yielded a set of five tips with advice ___31___ from having a nap at your desk to taking your pet to work. The first tip highlighted by New Science magazine is that workers should be sociable—but not too sociable. British research has shown that ___32___ is good for health, with a study of thousands of civil servants revealing that moral ___33___ from colleagues, encouragement from supervisors and clear direction from bosses kept stress levels ___34___ . Male civil servants who ___35___ support in the workplace were 31 percent more likely to suffer from ___36___ and depression, and women 43 percent. ___37___ , too much socializing could lead to work piling up. The second tip is to ensure your surroundings are as ___38___ as possible. Simply being able to see your colleagues makes the working day much more ___39___ and the height of partitions dividing up office space affects stress level. ___40___ , the higher the partition is, the more people complain about noise from their neighbours. Research from the University of Montreal shows that the optimum partition height is 1.3 metres—high enough to provide ___41___ but low enough to ensure staff do not feel ___42___ . The third piece of advice for works is to learn to switch off. Mobile phones and other ___43___ equipment should be switched off after hours of working to allow burnt-out brain cells to recharge. The fourth piece of advice for workers is to take a nap at your desk every day, which is very easy to do. Playing with a cat or a dog can also ___44___ relaxation and if workers can persuade their boss to let them into the office then the day will ___45___. 31. A. differing B. ranging C. changing D. including 32. A. sociability B. responsibility C. ability D. reliability 33. A. lessons B. standard C. support D. behaviour 34. A. up B. high C. still D. down 35. A. needed B. lacked C. gained D. gave 36. A. anxiety B. ambition C. accident D. poverty 37. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Moreover 38. A. pleasant B. colourful C. serious D. wide 39. A. miserable B. understandable C. unforgettable D. manageable 40. A. Obviously B. Luckily C. Surprisingly D. Naturally 41. A. space B. privacy C. communication D. cooperation 42. A. crowded B. surrounded C. devoted D. isolated 43. A. electronic B. industrial C. office D. expensive 44. A. aid B. destroy C. leave D. reduce 45. A. go on B. draw near C. be over D. fly by 【答案】31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. C 41. B 42. D 43. A 44. A 45. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了可以有助于员工缓解工作压力的五个建议。 31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果要缓解工作时的压力，可以参考世界各地的研究得出的五大建议，其从在办公桌前小憩到带着宠物去工作。A. differing不同；B. ranging变化；C. changing改变；D. including包含。根据后文“from having a nap at your desk to taking your pet to work”可知此处指五个建议从在办公桌上打盹到带着你的宠物去上班之间变化，应用range…from…（范围……从……不等）。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国的一项研究显示，善于交际有利于身体健康，一项对数千名公务员进行的研究显示，同事的精神支持、上司的鼓励和老板的明确指示可以降低工作压力。 A. sociability社交性；B. responsibility责任；C. ability能力；D. reliability可靠性。呼应后文“too much socializing”指善于社交有利于身体健康。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国一项研究显示，善于交际有利于身体健康。一项对数千名公务员进行的研究显示，同事的精神支持、上司的鼓励和老板的明确指示可以降低工作压力。A. lessons课程；B. standard标准；C. support支持；D. behaviour行为。根据后文“from colleagues, encouragement from supervisors and clear direction from bosses”可知后文列举了一些可以利于健康的良好社交行为，即同事的精神支持、上司的鼓励和老板的明确指示，后文中“support in the workplace”也是提示。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：英国的一项研究显示，善于交际有利于身体健康。一项对数千名公务员进行的研究显示，同事的精神支持、上司的鼓励和老板的明确指示可以降低工作压力。 A. up向上；B. high高地；C. still仍然；D. down向下。上文中“is good for health”提到社交有利于身体健康，可推测同事的精神支持、上司的鼓励和老板的明确指示可以降低工作压力。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在工作中缺乏支持的男性公务员感到焦虑和抑郁的可能性是31%，女性是43%。A. needed需要；B. lacked缺乏；C. gained获得；D. gave给予。根据后文“support in the workplace were 31 percent more likely to suffer from”提到男性公务员感到焦虑和抑郁的可能性是31%，结合上文提到良好社交可以降低工作压力，可推测这部分人是缺少工作中的支持。故选B。 【36题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在工作中缺乏支持的男性公务员感到焦虑和抑郁的可能性是31%，女性是43%。A. anxiety焦虑；B. ambition抱负；C. accident事故；D. poverty贫困。根据后文“and depression”可知是在工作中感到焦虑和抑郁。故选A。 【37题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，太爱交际则会导致工作堆积如山。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. However然而；D. Moreover此外。上文提到善于社交有利于身体健康，后文则说太爱交际则会导致工作堆积如山，前后为转折关系，应用however。故选C。 【38题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二条建议是确保你的环境尽可能舒适。A. pleasant令人愉快的；B. colourful生动的；C. serious严肃的；D. wide宽的。后文中“the height of partitions dividing up office space affects stress level”提到分隔办公空间的隔板的高度会影响压力水平，可见缓解工作时的压力，要确保工作环境尽可能舒适。故选A。 【39题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只要能看到你的同事，工作日就会变得更容易管理，分隔办公室空间的隔板的高度也会影响压力水平。A. miserable悲惨的；B. understandable可理解的；C. unforgettable难忘的；D. manageable可管理的、可控的。根据上文语境可知，作者建议要确保工作环境尽可能舒适，此处讲的是工作环境问题，可得出仅仅是能够看到你的同事（这是一个好环境），工作压力就会降低，就能让工作更容易管理。故选D。 【40题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，隔墙越高，抱怨邻居噪音的人就越多。A. Obviously明显地；B. Luckily幸运地；C. Surprisingly惊人地；D. Naturally自然地。由上文可知，只要能看到你的同事，工作日就会变得更容易管理，然而结合后文“the higher the partition is, the more people complain about noise from their neighbours”可知，隔墙越高，抱怨邻居噪音的人就越多，这是令人惊讶的事实。故选C。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：蒙特利尔大学的研究表明，最佳的隔间高度为1.3米——这个高度既能保证隐私，又能确保员工不会感到孤立。A. space空间；B. privacy隐私；C. communication交流；D. cooperation合作。根据上文“the optimum partition height is 1.3 metres—high enough to provide”以及常识，可知隔间1.3米的高度是为了保证员工的隐私。故选B。 【42题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：蒙特利尔大学的研究表明，最佳的隔间高度为1.3米——这个高度既能保证隐私，又能确保员工不会感到孤立。A. crowded拥挤的；B. surrounded被……环绕着的；C. devoted投入的；D. isolated隔绝的。结合上文“but low enough to ensure staff do not feel”可知，1.3米是隔间的最佳高度，在保证隐私的情况下，还能让员工不会觉得与其他人隔绝孤立。故选D。 【43题详解】 考查语境理解。句意：工作几个小时后，应该关掉手机和其他电子设备，让耗尽的脑细胞重新充电。A. electronic电子的；B. industrial工业的；C. office办公室；D. expensive昂贵的。根据上文“Mobile phones and other”可知，此处指手机和其他电子设备。故选A。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：和猫或狗玩耍也有助于放松，如果员工能说服老板让他们去上班，那一天就过得飞快。A. aid援助；B. destroy破坏；C. leave离开；D. reduce减少。根据前后文“Playing with a cat or a dog can also relaxation”指和猫狗玩耍有助于放松，aid符合语境。故选A。 【45题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：和猫或狗玩耍也有助于放松，如果员工能说服老板让他们去上班，那一天就过得飞快。A. go on继续；B. draw near靠近；C. be over结束；D. fly by飞逝。根据上文语境可知，和猫狗玩耍有助于放松，能让员工觉得时间飞逝。故选D。 Section B (2*11=22) Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) For some people,music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes(音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale. As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music sets them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,” says Margaret,a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition. Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesn't involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can't see. certain colors. Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed(诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say,” No thanks, I'm amusic,'“says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.” 46. Which of the following is true of amusic? A. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them. B. They love places where they are likely to hear music. C. They can easily tell two different songs apart. D. Their situation is well understood by musicians. 47. According to Paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who ___________. A. dislikes listening to speeches B. can hear anything nonmusical C. has a hearing problem D. lacks a complex hearing system 48. In the last paragraph, Margaret expressed her wish that __________. A. her problem with music had been diagnosed earlier B. she were seventeen years old rather than seventy C. her problem could be easily explained D. she were able to meet other amusics 49. What is the passage mainly concerned with? A. Amusics' strange behaviours. B. Some people's inability to enjoy music. C. Musical talent and brain structure. D. Identification and treatment of amusics. 【答案】46. A 47. C 48. A 49. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了一群特殊的人——“音盲”（没有乐感的人），对他们而言，音乐如同噪音一般，没有任何乐趣。没有欣赏音乐的能力给他们的生活带来了诸多不便，不过，令人高兴的是，他们的这种状况目前已得到诊断，他们的大脑与能够欣赏音乐的人的大脑有所不同，而且这种差异很复杂。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中For some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.”可知对有些人来说，音乐对他们说没有任何乐趣而言。大约4%的人口是科学家所说的“音盲”。由此可知，A项“听音乐对他们来说远非享受”符合对音盲的描述，故选A。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中The difference is complex, and it doesn't involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well.可知两者的区别很复杂，并不涉及听力缺陷。音盲可以很好地理解其他非音乐的声音。由此可推知，“听力有缺陷”的人可能是指一个听力有障碍的人。故选C。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.”可知“我真希望我是在十七岁而不是七十岁的时候学会这么说的。”由此可知，Margaret表达了她的愿望，希望自己在音乐方面的问题能早点得到诊断。故选A。 【49题详解】 主旨大意题。文章的第一段告诉读者大约4%的人音乐对于他们而言，没有任何乐趣可言，他们没有辨别与再现音调的能力；第二段讲述歌曲对于没有乐感的人来说听起来像噪音，以及由此给他们的生活带来的不便；第三段分析了原因，是因为他们的大脑与能欣赏音乐的人的大脑不同造成的，但这又不同于有听力障碍的人；最后一段以Margaret为例，说明他们的这种状况最终得以诊断。可知这篇文章主要讲的是有些人不能欣赏音乐。故选B。 【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。 如第一小题属于是非辨别型，根据第一段中For some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.”可知对有些人来说，音乐对他们说没有任何乐趣而言。大约4%的人口是科学家所说的“音盲”。由此可知，B项“听音乐对他们来说远非享受”符合对音盲的描述，故选B。 (B) Home Laundry Automatic Dryer Product Full Two Year Warranty Limited Five Year Warranty on Cabinet Warranty Provides for: FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge. THIRD THRU FIFTH YEARS Amana will provide a free replacement part for any cabinet which proves faulty due to rust. Warranty Limitations: ·Warranty begins at date of original purchase. ·Applies only to product used within the United States or in Canada if product is approved by Canadian Standards Association when shipped from factory. ·Products used on a commercial or rental basis not covered by this warranty. ·Service must be performed by an Amana servicer. ·Adjustments covered during first year only. Owner's Responsibilities: ·Provide sales receipt. ·Normal care and maintenance. ·Having the product reasonably accessible for service. ·Pay for service calls related to product installation or usage instructions. ·Pay for extra service costs, over normal service charges, if servicer is requested to perform service outside servicer's normal business hours. Warranty Does Not Cover It If: ·Product has damage due to product alteration, connection to an improper electrical supply shipping and handling, accident, fire, floods, lightning or other conditions beyond the control of Amana. ·Product is improperly installed or applied. In no event shall Amana be responsible for consequential damages.* *This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have others which vary from state to state. For example, some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of consequential damages,so this exclusion may not apply to you. 50. According to Warranty Limitations, a product can be under warranty if ________. A. shipped from a Canadian factory B. rented for home use C. repaired by the user himself D. used in the U.S.A. 51. According to Owner's Responsibilities, an owner has to pay for ________. A. the loss of the sales receipt B. a servicer's overtime work C. the product installation D. a mechanic's transportation 52. Which of the following is true according to the warranty? A. Consequential damages are excluded across America. B. A product damaged in a natural disaster is covered by the warranty. C. A faulty cabinet due to rust can be replaced free in the second year. D. Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year. 【答案】50. D 51. B 52. C 【解析】 【分析】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了一款家用洗衣自动烘干机产品的保修信息。 【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章Warranty Limitations中关键句“Applies only to product used within the United States or in Canada if product is approved by Canadian Standards Association when shipped from factory.”（仅适用于在美国或加拿大境内使用的产品，前提是产品出厂时经加拿大标准协会批准）可知，只有在美国和加拿大境内使用的产品才能被保修。故选D项。 2.细节理解题。根据文章Owner's Responsibilities中关键句“Pay for extra service costs,over normal service charges, if servicer is requested to perform service outside servicer's normal business hours.”（如果服务商被要求在正常营业时间以外提供服务，应支付超出正常服务费的额外服务费用）可知，买家要为额外的工作时间付钱。故选B项。 3.细节理解题。根据文章Warranty Provides for下面的关键句“FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge. THIRD THRU FIFTH YEARS Amana will provide a free replacement part for any cabinet which proves faulty due to rust.”（前两年Amana将免费维修或更换任何有故障的部件。第三至第五年，Amana将为任何因生锈而出现故障的机柜提供免费更换零件）可知，由于生锈而出现故障的机柜可以在第二年免费更换。故选C项。 (C) Was your school noisy or peaceful? It might not seem important but a growing body of research suggests that sounds can have an impact on learning, performance and creativity. Whether background sounds are beneficial or not seems to depend on what kind of noise it is—and the volume. In a series of studies published last year, Ravi Mehta from the College of Business at Illinois and his colleagues tested people's creativity while exposed to a soundtrack made up of background noises—such as coffee-shop chatter and construction-site drilling—at different volumes. They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low. Loud background noise, however, damaged their creativity. This makes sense for a couple of reasons, says psychologist Dr Nick Perham, at Cardiff Metropolitan University in the UK, who studies the effect of sounds on learning but was not involved in the study. Firstly, he says, sounds that are most disturbing tend to be very variable. A general hum(嗡嗡声)in the background suggests a steady-state sound with not much variation. "So there's not much there to capture your attention- nothing disturbing the subjects," he says. At the same time, the background noise might cause the subjects to be in a slightly heightened state of arousal(觉醒), says Perham. "Medium arousal is best for good performance. So it might be that a general hum in the background gives an ideal level of arousal. " With that in mind, Perham suggests there may be some benefits to playing music or other sounds in an art class or other situations where creativity is key. Many teachers all over the world already play music to students in class. Many are inspired by the belief that hearing music can improve IQ in tasks, the so-called Mozart effect. While the evidence actually suggests it's a stretch to say classical music improves brainpower, researchers do think pleasant sounds before a task can sometimes lift your mood and help you perform well, says Perham, who has done his own studies on the phenomenon. The key appears to be that you enjoy what you're hearing. "If you like the music or you like the sound—even listening to a Stephen King novel -then you did better. It didn't matter about the music," he says. 53. Which of the following is true according to the studies by Ravi Mehta and Nick Perham? A. It's better not to expose people to any background noise while at work. B. Construction-site drilling should be forbidden where there is a school. C. Noises will harm people's health however low their volumes are. D. A certain level of noise may do good to people's creativity. 54. According to Dr Nick Perham, it can be inferred that in an art class, teachers had better________. A. keep the classroom quiet B. play music at a steady and medium volume C. broadcast classical music D. vary the volume of the music constantly 55. In the last paragraph, the underlined part "it's a stretch" is used to________. A. prove the usefulness of pleasing sounds B. confirm the belief of Mozart effect C. challenge the importance of soft music D. cast doubt on the power of music in raising IQ 56. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A. Learning Power: Noise and Music Work B. Noise Meeting Music: A Blessing? C. Noise or Music: Creativity in Danger D. Brainpower: More Music and Less Noise 【答案】53. D 54. B 55. D 56. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了声音可以对学习，表现力和创造力产生影响，主要讲述噪音和创造力的关系。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low.”（他们发现，当背景噪音处于中等水平时，人们比音量较低时更有创造力。）可知，一定程度的噪音可能对人们的创造力有好处。故选D。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Medium arousal is best for good performance.”（佩姆说中等程度的唤醒是最好的表现。）及“With that in mind, Perham suggests there may be some benefits to playing music or other sounds in an art class or other situations where creativity is key.”（考虑到这一点，佩姆建议，在艺术课或其他创造力是关键的情况下，播放音乐或其他声音可能有一些好处。）可以推知，在艺术课上老师播放音乐或其他声音可能有一些好处。故选B。 【55题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线部分的前一句“Many are inspired by the belief that hearing music can improve IQ in tasks, the so-called Mozart effect. ”（许多人的灵感来自于这样一种信念∶听音乐可以提高任务智商， 即所谓的莫扎特效应），同时结合划线处后“researchers do think pleasant sounds before a task can sometimes lift your mood and help you perform well”（但研究人员确实认为，在完成任务前发出悦耳的声音有时能提升你的情绪，帮助你表现出色）可以推知，划线部分所在句子的意思为“尽管这个证据表明怀疑音乐在提高智商方面的力量”，即划线部分意为“怀疑音乐在提高智商方面的力量”。故选D。 【56题详解】 主旨大意题。通过第一段“Was your school noisy or peaceful?It might not seem important, but a growing body of research suggests that sounds can have an impact on learning, performance and creativity.”（你的学校是嘈杂的还是平静的 ?这似乎不重要，但越来越多的研究表明，声音可以对学习、表现和创造力产生影响）；第三段中“Medium arousal is best for good performance.So it might be ...where creativity is key.”（中等唤醒是最好的表现。 因此， 可能是背景中的一般嗡喻嗡声给出了理想的唤醒水平，考虑到这—点，佩姆建议，在艺术课或其他创造性是关键的情况下，演奏音乐或其他声音可能有—些好处。） 可知，本文讲述的是噪音与音乐创作之间的联系。“音乐碰上噪音，会带来好处吗？”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。 Section C (2*8分) Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. ____57____ Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters. After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable — destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants. ____58____ . That means harmful materials may get into our food supply. ____59____ . Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also works — where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end it after the first use. We could, when we get rid of that plastic, recycle and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials. The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. ____60____And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem. A. But people can make a big difference. B. Plastics should be gathered together and reused. C. Then, fish may eat the plastics. D. It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life. E. It asks for them to better measure and direct plastic use. F. The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation. 【答案】57. F 58. C 59. A 60. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文叙述了塑料是如何进入海洋并危害海洋生物和人类的，呼吁人们和公司采取措施来保护我们的环境。 【57题详解】 由上文“A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. (一份新报告称，塑料对海洋和海底环境造成了130亿美元的损害。这些发现最近在联合国的一次会议上公布)”可知，F选项“报告讲述了塑料对海洋生物的危害以及可能采取的措施来改善这种状况。”切题，承接上文，进一步阐释该报告的内容。故选F项。 【58题详解】 由上文“The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants. (海洋中含有许多化学物质和其他污染物)”和下文“That means harmful materials may get into our food supply. (这意味着有害物质可能进入我们的食物供应)”可知，该空叙述海洋污染和人类食物污染之间的关系，即我们的食物来源鱼类有可能吃到塑料，承接下文，C选项“然后，鱼可能会吃掉塑料。”切题。故选C项。 【59题详解】 由下文“Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also works — where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products.(人类造成了污染，他们可以采取措施阻止污染。他们可以使用更少的一次性产品容器，并正确地丢弃塑料。塑料回收项目也起作用——旧瓶子和其他塑料被收集、分解并用来制造新产品)”可知，A选项“但是人们可以做出很大的改变。”总领该段并与上文形成转折，承接下文讲人类应该如何做才能减少塑料对海洋及海洋环境的污染。故选A项。 【60题详解】 由上文“The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. (报告还呼吁企业改进塑料的使用方法)”和下文“And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem. (它还呼吁人们了解塑料被扔出或停止使用的方式。通过赋予塑料新的价值，工业有一个特殊的理由来清洁环境。但所有的公司都必须加入进来解决这个问题)”可知，本段重在阐释该报告对各个公司在合理使用塑料方面的要求，承接上下文，E选项“它要求他们更好地测量和指导塑料的使用。”中的“It”和“them”分别指代上文的“The report”和“companies”。故选E项。 Ⅳ. Fill in the blanks with proper words. (1*10=10分) 61. 我们不应该对寻求专业的帮助感到羞愧，因为我们的心理健康非常重要。 We should never __________ __________ __________ seeking professional help, as our mental health is very important. 【答案】 ①. be ②. ashamed ③. of 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语，“感到羞愧”可使用固定短语be ashamed of，情态动词should后接动词原形。故填①be；②ashamed；③of。 62. 各种课外活动有助于培养学生的创造力。 Various extracurricular activities __________ __________ cultivating students’ creativity. 【答案】 ①. contribute ②. to 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。设空处使用动词作谓语，表示“有助于”应用动词短语用contribute to，整句话描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语“Various extracurricular activities”为复数，谓语动词用原形形式。故填①contribute②to。 63. 他一贯开会迟到。 It is __________ __________ him to be late for the meeting. 【答案】 ①. typical ②. of 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。空处用固定短语typical of ，表示“是……的特征，一贯……”。故填：typical of。 64. 这项研究有明，文化和礼仪息息相关。 This study indicates a __________ __________ between culture and manners/that there is a close connection between culture and manners. 【答案】 ①. close ②. connection 【解析】 【详解】考查名词和形容词。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个名词短语作宾语，表示“紧密的联系”。close connection紧密的联系，名词短语，符合题意。故填①close ②connection。 65. 地方当局曾呼吁市民保护好当地的历史古迹。 The local authorities __________ __________ to the citizens to protect the historic sites in this area. 【答案】 ①. have ②. appealed 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和时态。根据中英文提示，可知缺少“曾呼吁”,表示“呼吁”为appeal to，表示过去所做的事对现在的影响，可知句子的时态为现在完成时，主语为The local authorities，结合主谓一致。故填① have ② appealed。 66. 他在最后时刻取消计划，几乎没有考虑到朋友的感受。 He __________ __________ __________ __________ his friend’s feelings when he canceled their plans at the last minute. 【答案】 ①. could ②. hardly ③. think ④. of 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，空处可使用固定短语think of（考虑）在句中作谓语，“几乎没有”可使用副词hardly，该句陈述过去事实，可使用情态动词could。故填①could；②hardly；③think；④of。 67. 文化物品通常指的是一个与某一特定文化息息相关的物品。 A cultural object usually __________ __________ a thing that is closely related to a particular culture. 【答案】 ①. refers ②. to 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。“指的是”为动词短语“refer to”，句子描述的为一般事实，则谓语动词使用一般现在时，主语“A cultural object”为单数意义，故填①refers ②to。 68. 当我们遇到问题的时候，要学会反省自己，不能一味责怪他人。 When we encounter problems, we should __________ __________ ourselves instead of always blaming other people. 【答案】 ①. reflect ②. on 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。空处表示“反省”用动词短语reflect on，情态动词should之后使用动词原形。故填reflect on。 69. 酷爱吃快餐的年轻人应该更加注意饮食选择以确保身体健成并为环保做贡献。 Young people who __________ __________ __________ fast food should pay more attention to food choice to ensure their health and contribute to environmental protection. 【答案】 ①. are ②. keen ③. on 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。“酷爱”为短语“be keen on”，句子描述的为一般事实，使用一般现在时，“Young people”为复数意义，则who引导的定语从句的谓语动词为复数。故填①are ②keen ③on。 70. 菜单上有各种各样的沙拉。 There are __________ __________ __________ salads on your menu. 【答案】 ①. all ②. kinds ③. of 【解析】 【详解】考查短语。根据句意，“各种各样”用短语all kinds of。故填all kinds of。 Ⅴ. Translation (2+2+3+3) 71. 重要的是你抓住了这个珍贵的机会。（matter）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What matters is that you seize this precious opportunity. 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句、动词、表语从句和动词短语。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，根据句意以及句子提示词可知，该句应为连接代词What引导的主语从句和从属连词that引导的表语从句，分别作句子的主语和表语成分，在该主语从句中，表示“重要的是”应为动词matter；在表语从句中，表示“抓住了这个珍贵的机会”应为动词短语seize this precious opportunity。故翻译为：What matters is that you seize this precious opportunity. 72. 尽管不是这位记者的错，但是他还是向在场的人道歉了。（despite）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite not the reporter’s fault, he apologized to the people present. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语和动词短语。根据汉语提示和要求可知，“尽管不是这位记者的错”可使用介词短语翻译为“despite not the reporter’s fault”，放在句首作状语，“向某人道歉”可使用动词短语“apologize to sb.”，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。“在场的”可使用形容词present作后置定语修饰名词people。故翻译为：Despite not the reporter’s fault, he apologized to the people present.。 73. 保留这幢建筑的遗址无疑是很明智的，因为这可以让人们铭记历史。（doubt）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is no doubt that it is wise to preserve the ruins of this building, because it allows people to remember the history. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、原因状语从句、形容词和动词短语。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，该句应为There is no doubt that…“毫无疑问……”，表示“做什么是怎样的”要求固定句型it is+ adj+ to do sth；表示“明智的”为形容词wise；表示“保留这幢建筑的遗址”应为动词短语preserve the ruins of this building；后接because表示“因为”的原因状语从句，表示“可以让人们铭记历史”应为动词短语allows people to remember the history。故翻译为：There is no doubt that it is wise to preserve the ruins of this building, because it allows people to remember the history. 74. 近年来，由于在线送餐服务的发展，越来越多的塑料包装被丢弃，这将对环境产生负面影响。（which）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In recent years, with the development of online food delivery services, more and more plastic packaging has been abandoned, which will have a negative impact on the environment.   【解析】 【详解】考查动词语态、定语从句、固定短语。表示“近年来”用固定短语in recent years，句首单词首字母大写。表示“随着”用with；表示“在线送餐服务的发展”用the development of online food delivery services，作with的宾语。表示“越来越多的塑料包装”用more and more plastic packaging，作主语。表示“丢弃”用abandon，根据时间状语In recent years可知，abandon这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语more and more plastic packaging与abandon为被动关系，句子用现在完成时的被动语态。表示“这将对环境产生负面影响”用非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，关系词在从句中作主语语，应用关系代词which引导，表示“对……产生负面影响”用have a negative impact on sth.，事情发生在将来，从句时态用一般将来时。表示“环境”用environment，the environment作will have a negative impact on的宾语。故翻译为In recent years, with the development of online food delivery services, more and more plastic packaging has been abandoned, which will have a negative impact on the environment. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$