内容正文:
专题10状语从句
目录
明晰学考要求 1
基础知识梳理 1
考点精讲讲练 3
考点一:时间状语从句 3
考点二:地点状语从句 6
考点三:条件状语从句 6
考点四:让步状语从句 7
考点五:原因状语从句 8
考点六:目的状语从句 9
实战能力训练 10
1. 牢记状语从句常见类型及引导词。
2. 分清各状语从句的语义逻辑关系。
3. 掌握状语从句时态的正确运用。
4. 学会根据语境选用合适从句。
1. 定义
状语从句就是在句子中充当状语的句子,它能够对主句中的动词、形容词或者副词等成分起到修饰作用,以此来进一步说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因、条件等诸多情况。状语从句在句中的位置不同,其与主句之间逗号的使用规则也不一样。
例如:
When I got home, I started to cook dinner.(“When I got home” 是时间状语从句,放在主句之前,用逗号隔开,说明了主句动作 “started to cook dinner” 发生的时间背景。)
I started to cook dinner when I got home.(同样是表达这个意思,但时间状语从句放在主句之后,此时就不用逗号了,语义上依然能清晰传达出做饭这个动作是在到家之后发生的。)
2. 分类
状语从句依据其表达的意义和在句中所起的作用,可以细分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步这几大类型。每一种类型都有与之相对应的、特定的连词来引导,这些连词就像是 “信号词”,帮助读者快速识别出状语从句的类型以及其所表达的逻辑关系。
例如:
时间状语从句:After I finished my homework, I watched TV.(“After” 引导时间状语从句,表明看电视这个动作是在完成作业之后发生的,体现时间先后顺序。)
地点状语从句:Put the book where you can easily find it.(“where” 引导地点状语从句,说明了放书的具体位置,修饰动词 “Put”。)
原因状语从句:Because it was raining heavily, we stayed at home.(“Because” 引导原因状语从句,解释了我们待在家里的原因是雨下得很大。)
目的状语从句:He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.(“so that” 引导目的状语从句,表明他早起的目的是为了赶上头班车。)
结果状语从句:The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.(“so...that” 引导结果状语从句,说明箱子太重导致的结果是我抬不起来它。)
条件状语从句:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay indoors.(“If” 引导条件状语从句,提出了明天下雨这个条件,以及在此条件下我们会待在室内这个结果。)
方式状语从句:You should do as the teacher told you.(“as” 引导方式状语从句,意思是要按照老师说的那样去做,修饰动词 “do”,表明做事的方式。)
比较状语从句:He runs faster than I do.(“than” 引导比较状语从句,用于比较他和我跑步速度的快慢。)
让步状语从句:Although it was cold, he didn't wear a coat.(“Although” 引导让步状语从句,即便天气冷这个情况存在,但他依然没穿外套,有一种让步转折的意味。)
3. 考点
不同类型的状语从句在各类英语考试中都是重点考查内容,有着各自关键的考点以及复杂多样的用法细节,涵盖了从连词的准确选用、时态搭配、语序特点到语义理解等多个方面。比如在时间状语从句里,不同连词引导时对于从句和主句动作发生的时间关系以及相应的时态使用要求各有不同;让步状语从句中,不同连词引导时从句的语序安排、所表达的让步程度以及与主句之间的语义衔接等方面都存在诸多需要掌握的要点。
例如(以时间状语从句考点为例):
when 引导时间状语从句考点:
When I was reading a book, the phone rang.(这里 “when” 引导的从句动作 “was reading a book” 是延续性动作,主句动作 “rang” 是瞬间动作,二者同时发生,考查 “when” 引导从句时动作类型及同时发生情况的用法。)
When he arrived at the station, the train had already left.(此句中从句动作 “arrived” 发生在主句动作 “had already left” 之前,体现 “when” 引导从句时动作先后顺序的用法考查。)
We were about to leave when it began to rain.(这里考查 “when” 表示 “正在那时,突然” 的用法,而且从句只能放在主句之后这种位置要求。)
让步状语从句考点(以 as 引导为例):
Child as he is, he knows a lot about the world.(“as” 引导让步状语从句,名词 “Child” 作表语提前,且省略了冠词,考查 “as” 引导让步状语从句时的倒装语序以及表语前置的用法特点。)
Try as he might, he couldn't open the door.(从句中有情态动词 “might”,把情态动词后的动词原形 “Try” 置于句首,考查 “as” 引导让步状语从句在这种情况下的倒装语序用法。)
1. 时间状语从句
when/while/as 引导:
when 引导:
用法一:其引导的从句动词既可以是延续性动作的动词,也可以是瞬间性动作的动词,能表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,或者从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。
示例:When I was watching TV, my mother came in.(此处从句动作 “was watching TV” 是延续性动作,与主句动作 “came in” 同时发生,表明妈妈进来时我正在看电视。)
用法二:还可表示 “just then(正在那时,突然)” 的意思,此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后,常见搭配有 “be about to do... when...(正要去做某事,突然……)”“be doing... when...(正在做某事,突然……)”“be on the point of doing... when... (正在做某事,突然……)” 等。
示例:I was walking on the street when I met an old friend.(我正在街上走,突然遇见了一位老朋友,体现 “正在做某事,突然……” 这一用法。)
while 引导:表示 “在某一段时间里” 或 “在…… 期间”,其所引导的从句的动作是延续性的,并侧重表示和主句的动作同时发生。
示例:While we were having a discussion, the teacher listened carefully.(从句动作 “were having a discussion” 是延续性动作,和主句动作 “listened carefully” 同时发生,即在我们讨论期间老师认真倾听着。)
as 引导:其引导的时间状语从句动词的动作是延续性的,而且侧重表示主句和从句的动作交替或同时发生,译为 “一边……,一边……” 或 “随着……”。
示例:As we walked, we talked about our plan.(这里表示我们一边走路,一边谈论计划,体现主句和从句动作交替或同时发生,也就是 “一边……,一边……” 的意思。)
before 引导:
常见意思及示例:
“在…… 之前”:Before I went to bed, I read a book.(表明读书这个动作发生在睡觉之前。)
“…… 之后才”:It was several days before he recovered from the illness.(意味着过了好几天他才从疾病中恢复过来。)
“尚未来得及”:Before she could say a word, he left the room.(她还没来得及说话,他就离开了房间。)
“要…… 先……”:You should practice more before you take the exam.(要参加考试,得先多练习。)
“趁……”:You'd better finish your homework before it gets too late.(趁时间还不太晚,最好完成作业。)
热点句型用法及示例:
“it was(not)/had done+一段时间+before(vt-ed)…”:It was not long before he found a new job.(不久他就找到了一份新工作,体现 “没过多久就……” 的意思。)
“it will(not)be+一段时间+before(一般式)…”:It will be a long time before we meet again.(要过很久我们才能再次见面,表达还需要多久才会发生某事。)
“there is + 一段时间 + to go(=left)+before(一般式)...”:There is still an hour to go before the movie starts.(在电影开始之前还有一个小时。)
“long before” 和 “before long”:I heard of this story long before.(“long before” 表示 “不久前”,用于过去时等时态中。) I hope to see you again before long.(“before long” 意思是 “不久后”,用于将来时或过去时中。)
as soon as 等引导:
as soon as:是最常见的表示 “一…… 就……” 的从属连词。例如:As soon as I got the message, I called him back.(我一收到消息,就给他回电话了,清晰体现主句动作紧接着从句动作发生。)
once(一旦),directly(老式英国英语),immediately(主要用于英国英语),instantly,the instant (that),the minute (that) ,the moment (that) 等:这些连词通常都可与 as soon as 换用。例如:Immediately I saw her, I knew something was wrong.(我一看见她,就知道出事儿了,和用 as soon as 引导表意一致。)
hardly...when/no sooner...than 引导:意思是 “刚…… 就”,它们所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。例如:He had hardly sat down when the phone rang.(他刚一坐下,电话就响了,“hardly...when” 结构突出两个动作紧密衔接,且从句谓语用过去完成时 “had sat down”。)
since 引导:在含有 since 引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时,主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时。例如:Since we moved here, we have made many new friends.(自从我们搬到这儿,已经交了很多新朋友,从句 “moved” 是一般过去时,主句 “have made” 是现在完成时,体现从过去某个时间点开始一直持续到现在的情况。)
till/until 引导:二者同义,作 “直到…… 时 (为止)” 解,till 多用于非正式文体,until 多用于句首。例如:She didn't leave until/till her mother came back.(直到她妈妈回来,她才离开,说明离开这个动作一直没发生,直到妈妈回来这个时间节点。)
each time 等引导:
常见连词及示例:
every time (每次):Every time I go to that restaurant, I order the same dish.(每次去那家餐厅,我都点同一道菜,强调每次去这个餐厅都会发生的动作。)
each time (每次):Each time he makes a mistake, he learns from it.(他每次犯错,都会从中吸取教训,体现每次出现某种情况时相应的做法。)
(the) next time (下次):Next time you come here, bring your sister with you.(下次你来这儿的时候,把你妹妹带上,是针对下次这个时间点提出要求。)
any time (随时):You can ask me for help any time you need it.(你随时需要帮助都可以找我,表明提供帮助不受时间限制。)
(the) last time (上次):The last time I saw him, he looked very tired.(我上次见到他的时候,他看上去很疲惫,描述上次见到某人时的状态。)
the first time (第一次):The first time I tried skiing, I fell down a lot.(我第一次尝试滑雪的时候,摔了很多跤,讲述第一次做某事时的经历。)
by the time (当…… 的时候):By the time he arrived at the station, the train had already left.(当他到达车站的时候,火车已经开走了,强调在到达车站这个时间点时火车开走这个动作已完成。)
冠词使用情况:every time, each time, any time 前不用冠词,(the) next time, (the) last time 中的冠词可以省略,而 the first time 中的冠词通常不能省略。
2. 地点状语从句
where 引导:
表示地点含义及示例:从属连词 where 表示 “在(或到)…… 的地方”。例如:Where there is water, there is life.(有水的地方就有生命,说明生命存在的地点条件。)
指处境等情况及示例:除指地点外,还可指处境等。例如:He didn't feel comfortable where he was.(他对自己当时所处的处境感觉不舒服,此处 “where” 指代的就是所处的那种处境状况。)
词省略情况及示例:有时地点状语从句中的某些词可以省略。例如:Write down your answers where necessary.(在必要的地方写下你的答案,这里省略了一些和具体语境相关、表意重复的词,使表达更简洁。)
wherever 引导:从属连词 wherever 意为 “在(或到)…… 的各个地方”。例如:You can go wherever you like during the holiday.(假期里你可以去任何你喜欢的地方,强调地点的任意性、广泛性。)
3. 条件状语从句
if 引导:可引导非真实条件状语从句(涉及虚拟语气)和真实条件状语从句。例如:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(这是真实条件状语从句,假设明天下雨这个真实可能发生的情况,以及对应的我们会待在家里的结果。) If I were you, I would choose that one.(这是非真实条件状语从句,是一种与现实不符的假设,使用了虚拟语气,表达如果我是你这个假设情况下我会做的事。)
unless 引导:引导的是否定条件状语从句,在意义上相当于 if...not,而且语气较强,一般不用于虚拟语气。例如:You won't pass the exam unless you study hard.(相当于 You won't pass the exam if you don't study hard. 意思是如果不努力学习,你就无法通过考试,语气比较强硬地强调努力学习这个条件的必要性。)
only if 引导:意为 “只有……(才);只有在…… 的时候,唯一的条件是……”。例如:I will go to the party only if I finish my work on time.(只有我按时完成工作,我才会去参加聚会,突出完成工作是去参加聚会的唯一条件。)
as/so long as 引导:意为 “只要;如果”。例如:As long as you keep practicing, you will make progress.(只要你一直练习,就会取得进步,表明持续练习这个条件能带来取得进步的结果。)
provided (that)/providing (that) 引导:意为 “假如;如果”。例如:I will help you provided (that) you tell me the truth.(假如你告诉我真相,我就会帮助你,提出帮助的条件是说出真相。)
on condition that(条件是)和 suppose /supposing (that)(假设;如果)引导:例如:I can lend you the book on condition that you return it next week.(我可以把书借给你,条件是你下周归还,明确借书的条件。) Suppose (that) it rains tomorrow, what will we do?(假设明天下雨,我们该怎么办,引出一种假设情况来探讨应对办法。)
4. 让步状语从句
although/though 引导:
用法及示例:although 和 though,都作 “虽然;尽管” 解,通常可以换用,although 的语气较重。如果要强调 “但是” 语气,可使用 yet,still 或 nevertheless 来表示 “但是”、“依然” 或 “然而” 之意。例如:Although/Though it was cold, he still went out for a walk.(尽管天气很冷,他还是出去散步了,体现尽管存在某个不利情况,但依然做某事的意思。) Although it was raining heavily, yet he arrived at school on time.(用 “yet” 来进一步强调转折意味,即便雨下得很大,他还是按时到校了。)
even if/even though 引导:
even if 引导:“即使,纵然”,从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。例如:Even if it snows tomorrow, we will go skiing.(即使明天下雪,我们也会去滑雪,说明不管明天是否下雪这个还未发生的情况如何,都要去滑雪的决心。)
even though 引导:“虽然,尽管”,从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况,通常可以和 although/though 换用。例如:Even though he was tired, he helped me with my homework.(虽然他很累了,但还是帮我做功课,表明已经处于很累的状态下,依然做了另一件事。)
as 引导:引导让步状语从句时,意为 “尽管,虽然”,从句多位于主句之前,而且必须使用倒装语序。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语,则把表语置于句首,而且名词前要省略冠词;如果从句中有修饰动词的副词,则将该副词置于句首;如果从句中有情态动词,则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。例如:Young as he is, he is very capable.(形容词 “Young” 作表语提前,省略冠词,说明尽管他年轻,但很有能力。) Fast as he ran, he couldn't catch up with the first runner.(副词 “Fast” 置于句首,强调尽管他跑得很快,却还是追不上第一名。) Try as he might, he couldn't open the door.(情态动词 “might” 后的动词原形 “Try” 置于句首,体现尽管他努力尝试了,还是打不开门的情况。)
while 引导:“虽然,尽管”,多用于正式文体,且多位于句首,相当于 although。例如:While I agree with you in part, I still have some different opinions.(虽然我部分同意你的观点,但我还是有一些不同意见,在正式表达中体现让步转折关系。)
疑问词 - ever 与 no matter + 疑问词引导:
whatever/no matter what 引导:用法相同,都作 “无论什么” 解,后者多用于非正式文体。例如:Whatever/No matter what difficulties we meet, we should never give up.(不管我们遇到什么困难,都绝不应该放弃,强调在任何困难面前都要坚持的态度。)
whichever/no matter which 引导:用法相同,都作 “无论哪个” 解,后者多用于非正式文体。例如:Whichever/No matter which book you choose, it will be helpful for your study.(不论你选哪本书,都会对你的学习有帮助,表明选择任何一个对象都能达成相应效果。)
whoever/no matter who 引导:用法相同,都作 “无论谁” 解,后者多用于非正式文体。例如:Whoever/No matter who breaks the rules, he will be punished.(不管是谁违反规则,都会受到惩罚,突出任何人触犯规则都要承担后果。)
wherever/no matter where 引导:用法相同,都作 “无论在(或到)哪里” 解,后者多用于非正式文体。例如:Wherever/No matter where you go, I will always miss you.(无论你去哪里,我都会一直想念你,体现不管对方身处何地,自己的情感状态都不变。)
however/no matter how 引导:用法相同,都作 “无论如何……” 解,后者多用于非正式文体。例如:However/No matter how hard it is, we should try our best to finish the task.(无论有多难,我们都应该尽全力完成任务,强调不管困难程度如何都要努力去做。)
whenever/no matter when 引导:用法相同,都作 “无论何时” 解,后者多用于非正式文体。例如:Whenever/No matter when you need help, just let me know.(无论你何时需要帮助,只要告诉我就行,表明提供帮助不受时间限制。)
(no matter) whether...or 引导:由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如:You'll have to attend the meeting whether you're busy or free.(不管你忙还是不忙,都得参加会议,说明忙或不忙这两种相反情况都不改变要参加会议这个结果。)
5. 原因状语从句
because 引导:表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由,着重点在从句,其所引导的从句,为全句句意的中心所在。通常用于回答 why 引出的疑问句,语气最强,除特别强调外,该从句一般位于主句后面。例如:I didn't go to school because I was ill.(我没去上学是因为我生病了,直接说明没去上学的原因是生病,而且重点就在生病这个原因上,同时也是回答 “为什么没去上学” 这个问题的答案。)
as 引导:引导的原因状语从句所引出的理由在说话人开来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要强调,从句多位于主句之前,通常可以和 since 换用,as 语气稍弱。例如:As it was getting dark, we decided to go home.(因为天快黑了,所以我们决定回家,“天快黑了” 这个理由比较明显,所以用 “as” 引导放在主句前,不需要着重强调。)
since 引导:表示人们已知的事实,不许强调的原因,故常译为 “既然……”,通常位于主句前。since 从句是次要的,重点强调主句的内容,相当于 now that。例如:Since you are here, you can help me with this work.(既然你在这儿,你就可以帮我做这项工作,“你在这儿” 是已知事实,重点是希望对方帮忙做工作这个主句内容。)
now (that) 引导:“因为;既然”,通常可以和 since 换用。其中 that 可省去,用来表示一种新的情况,再加以推论。例如:Now (that) you have grown up, you should be more independent.(既然你已经长大了,就应该更独立了,以长大这个新情况为前提,推出应该更独立这个推论。)
6. 目的状语从句
in order that 引导:“为了;以便”。多用于正式文体,通常可以与 so that 换用。例如:He got up early in order that he could catch the first bus.(他早起是为了能赶上头班车,用 “in order that” 引导目的状语从句来表明早起的目的,使句子表意更正式。)
so (that) 引导:“为了;以便”。so that 通常可以与 in order that 换用,它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后,在非正式文体中,常省略 that。
例题精练,举一反三
1. ____ the sun had set, we still felt warm because of the hot weather.
2. You can sit ____ you like in the classroom as long as you keep quiet.
3. I'll never forget the day ____ I first met my best friend.
4. He will surely succeed ____ he keeps working hard like this.
5. She always listens carefully in class ____ she may miss some important points.
6. ____ you are in trouble, don't hesitate to ask me for help.
7. ____ much advice I gave him, he just wouldn't listen.
8. ____ you have made a decision, you should stick to it.
9. I was about to go out ____ it began to rain heavily.
10. ____ hard the task is, we'll try our best to finish it on time.
11. We won't start the meeting ____ everyone arrives.
12. ____ he was seriously ill, he still came to school to attend the exam.
13. ____ we have enough evidence, we can't prove he is guilty.
14. You should make a mark ____ you have any questions while reading.
15. ____ tired he was, he continued to work late into the night.
16. I'll buy you a gift ____ I get my salary this month.
17. He spoke in a low voice ____ no one could hear him clearly.
18. ____ it is fine tomorrow, we will go camping in the suburbs.
19. She didn't tell me the truth ____ I asked her several times.
20. ____ you study, you should have a proper method.
一、单项选择
1.(24-25高一上·山东菏泽·开学考试)As a policeman, Tom’s father is too busy to play with him ________ he expects to.
A.even though B.so that C.as soon as D.as long as
2.(2024·贵州贵阳·模拟预测)We have decided to fulfill the task in time, difficulties we may meet with.
A.no matter how B.however C.whatever D.whichever
3.(2024·贵州贵阳·模拟预测)-Did Tom go back late last night?
—No. It was just nine o’clock he arrived home.
A.when B.after C.until D.that
4.(2024·山东·模拟预测)He has made ______ great progress ______ his mother is very pleased with him.
A.such; that B.enough; to C.so; too D.so; that
5.(23-24高一上·上海·期中)I’ll go to the party with you ________ you don’t wear those strange trousers.
A.on condition that B.as soon as C.as though D.in this case
6.(23-24高一上·上海·期中)We’ll start off as we planned ________.
A.no matter he will come or not B.no matter whether he will come or not
C.whether is he coming or not D.whether he comes or not
7.(23-24高一下·广东深圳·期末)Adults, ____ overly concerned with fame and fortune, sometimes fail to see the joy in simple things ____ children do not.
A.unless; but B.when; where C.although; and D.even if; unless
8.(23-24高一下·黑龙江大庆·期末)More than one account suggests that _________ Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof _________ it hit him on the head.
A.because; that B.if, whether C.while; that D.though; what
9.(23-24高一下·天津·期末)________ sharing economy can make use of resources more conveniently and cost-efficiently, the approach has become popular in society.
A.Unless B.Because C.If D.Although
表10.(23-24高一下·天津滨海新·期末)________ we had lost a lot in the earthquake, warm moments gave us hope for the future.
A.Until B.Even though C.As though D.Before
二、语法填空
11.(2024高一下·全国·专题练习) moment she went back to her hometown, she gave away the souvenirs to her friends. (用适当的词填空)
12.(23-24高一下·四川达州·期中) going on your first trip to the UK is exciting, new and different customs can also be confusing. (用适当的词填空)
13.(23-24高一下·四川达州·期中)Sometimes there are so many knives and forks you dare not pick them up. (用适当的词填空)
14.(2024高二下·全国·专题练习)It is an interesting story and one can’t put it down he has finished reading it. (用适当的词填空)
15.(24-25高二上·山东菏泽·阶段练习)Given Yuan’hybrid rice made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired. (用适当的词填空)
16.(24-25高二上·重庆·阶段练习)Nevertheless, it will take some years most homes begin to use this new technology. (用适当的词填空)
17.(24-25高二上·山东济宁·阶段练习)It will take a person at least a year he/she has a good command of the language. (用适当的词填空)
18.(24-25高二上·山东济宁·阶段练习) hearing that he was admitted to a key university, he couldn’t help crying. (用适当的词填空)
19.(24-25高二上·江苏南京·阶段练习)Her performance on stage was marked by such (brilliant) that the audience was captivated by her every move and note. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20.(24-25高二上·全国·课后作业)The more I know about Chinese tradition culture, the (attract) it is to me. (所给词的适当形式填空)
21.(24-25高二上·全国·课后作业) you have seen a man walk on the Moon, you grow up (believe) that anything is possible. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22.(24-25高二上·全国·课后作业) space exploration is a reality, we remain curious the mysteries of the universe. (用适当的词填空)
23.(24-25高二上·全国·课后作业)Splendid the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not exciting you might think. (用适当的词填空)
24.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习) the critic writes a review, it is insightful and thoughtful. (用适当的词填空)
25.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习) language the poet writes in, the emotions are universal. (用适当的词填空)
(
12
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专题10状语从句
目录
明晰学考要求 1
基础知识梳理 1
考点精讲讲练 3
考点一:时间状语从句 3
考点二:地点状语从句 6
考点三:条件状语从句 6
考点四:让步状语从句 7
考点五:原因状语从句 8
考点六:目的状语从句 9
实战能力训练 12
1. 牢记状语从句常见类型及引导词。
2. 分清各状语从句的语义逻辑关系。
3. 掌握状语从句时态的正确运用。
4. 学会根据语境选用合适从句。
1. 定义
状语从句就是在句子中充当状语的句子,它能够对主句中的动词、形容词或者副词等成分起到修饰作用,以此来进一步说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因、条件等诸多情况。状语从句在句中的位置不同,其与主句之间逗号的使用规则也不一样。
例如:
When I got home, I started to cook dinner.(“When I got home” 是时间状语从句,放在主句之前,用逗号隔开,说明了主句动作 “started to cook dinner” 发生的时间背景。)
I started to cook dinner when I got home.(同样是表达这个意思,但时间状语从句放在主句之后,此时就不用逗号了,语义上依然能清晰传达出做饭这个动作是在到家之后发生的。)
2. 分类
状语从句依据其表达的意义和在句中所起的作用,可以细分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步这几大类型。每一种类型都有与之相对应的、特定的连词来引导,这些连词就像是 “信号词”,帮助读者快速识别出状语从句的类型以及其所表达的逻辑关系。
例如:
时间状语从句:After I finished my homework, I watched TV.(“After” 引导时间状语从句,表明看电视这个动作是在完成作业之后发生的,体现时间先后顺序。)
地点状语从句:Put the book where you can easily find it.(“where” 引导地点状语从句,说明了放书的具体位置,修饰动词 “Put”。)
原因状语从句:Because it was raining heavily, we stayed at home.(“Because” 引导原因状语从句,解释了我们待在家里的原因是雨下得很大。)
目的状语从句:He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.(“so that” 引导目的状语从句,表明他早起的目的是为了赶上头班车。)
结果状语从句:The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.(“so...that” 引导结果状语从句,说明箱子太重导致的结果是我抬不起来它。)
条件状语从句:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay indoors.(“If” 引导条件状语从句,提出了明天下雨这个条件,以及在此条件下我们会待在室内这个结果。)
方式状语从句:You should do as the teacher told you.(“as” 引导方式状语从句,意思是要按照老师说的那样去做,修饰动词 “do”,表明做事的方式。)
比较状语从句:He runs faster than I do.(“than” 引导比较状语从句,用于比较他和我跑步速度的快慢。)
让步状语从句:Although it was cold, he didn't wear a coat.(“Although” 引导让步状语从句,即便天气冷这个情况存在,但他依然没穿外套,有一种让步转折的意味。)
3. 考点
不同类型的状语从句在各类英语考试中都是重点考查内容,有着各自关键的考点以及复杂多样的用法细节,涵盖了从连词的准确选用、时态搭配、语序特点到语义理解等多个方面。比如在时间状语从句里,不同连词引导时对于从句和主句动作发生的时间关系以及相应的时态使用要求各有不同;让步状语从句中,不同连词引导时从句的语序安排、所表达的让步程度以及与主句之间的语义衔接等方面都存在诸多需要掌握的要点。
例如(以时间状语从句考点为例):
when 引导时间状语从句考点:
When I was reading a book, the phone rang.(这里 “when” 引导的从句动作 “was reading a book” 是延续性动作,主句动作 “rang” 是瞬间动作,二者同时发生,考查 “when” 引导从句时动作类型及同时发生情况的用法。)
When he arrived at the station, the train had already left.(此句中从句动作 “arrived” 发生在主句动作 “had already left” 之前,体现 “when” 引导从句时动作先后顺序的用法考查。)
We were about to leave when it began to rain.(这里考查 “when” 表示 “正在那时,突然” 的用法,而且从句只能放在主句之后这种位置要求。)
让步状语从句考点(以 as 引导为例):
Child as he is, he knows a lot about the world.(“as” 引导让步状语从句,名词 “Child” 作表语提前,且省略了冠词,考查 “as” 引导让步状语从句时的倒装语序以及表语前置的用法特点。)
Try as he might, he couldn't open the door.(从句中有情态动词 “might”,把情态动词后的动词原形 “Try” 置于句首,考查 “as” 引导让步状语从句在这种情况下的倒装语序用法。)
1. 时间状语从句
when/while/as 引导:
when 引导:
用法一:其引导的从句动词既可以是延续性动作的动词,也可以是瞬间性动作的动词,能表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,或者从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。
示例:When I was watching TV, my mother came in.(此处从句动作 “was watching TV” 是延续性动作,与主句动作 “came in” 同时发生,表明妈妈进来时我正在看电视。)
用法二:还可表示 “just then(正在那时,突然)” 的意思,此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后,常见搭配有 “be about to do... when...(正要去做某事,突然……)”“be doing... when...(正在做某事,突然……)”“be on the point of doing... when... (正在做某事,突然……)” 等。
示例:I was walking on the street when I met an old friend.(我正在街上走,突然遇见了一位老朋友,体现 “正在做某事,突然……” 这一用法。)
while 引导:表示 “在某一段时间里” 或 “在…… 期间”,其所引导的从句的动作是延续性的,并侧重表示和主句的动作同时发生。
示例:While we were having a discussion, the teacher listened carefully.(从句动作 “were having a discussion” 是延续性动作,和主句动作 “listened carefully” 同时发生,即在我们讨论期间老师认真倾听着。)
as 引导:其引导的时间状语从句动词的动作是延续性的,而且侧重表示主句和从句的动作交替或同时发生,译为 “一边……,一边……” 或 “随着……”。
示例:As we walked, we talked about our plan.(这里表示我们一边走路,一边谈论计划,体现主句和从句动作交替或同时发生,也就是 “一边……,一边……” 的意思。)
before 引导:
常见意思及示例:
“在…… 之前”:Before I went to bed, I read a book.(表明读书这个动作发生在睡觉之前。)
“…… 之后才”:It was several days before he recovered from the illness.(意味着过了好几天他才从疾病中恢复过来。)
“尚未来得及”:Before she could say a word, he left the room.(她还没来得及说话,他就离开了房间。)
“要…… 先……”:You should practice more before you take the exam.(要参加考试,得先多练习。)
“趁……”:You'd better finish your homework before it gets too late.(趁时间还不太晚,最好完成作业。)
热点句型用法及示例:
“it was(not)/had done+一段时间+before(vt-ed)…”:It was not long before he found a new job.(不久他就找到了一份新工作,体现 “没过多久就……” 的意思。)
“it will(not)be+一段时间+before(一般式)…”:It will be a long time before we meet again.(要过很久我们才能再次见面,表达还需要多久才会发生某事。)
“there is + 一段时间 + to go(=left)+before(一般式)...”:There is still an hour to go before the movie starts.(在电影开始之前还有一个小时。)
“long before” 和 “before long”:I heard of this story long before.(“long before” 表示 “不久前”,用于过去时等时态中。) I hope to see you again before long.(“before long” 意思是 “不久后”,用于将来时或过去时中。)
as soon as 等引导:
as soon as:是最常见的表示 “一…… 就……” 的从属连词。例如:As soon as I got the message, I called him back.(我一收到消息,就给他回电话了,清晰体现主句动作紧接着从句动作发生。)
once(一旦),directly(老式英国英语),immediately(主要用于英国英语),instantly,the instant (that),the minute (that) ,the moment (that) 等:这些连词通常都可与 as soon as 换用。例如:Immediately I saw her, I knew something was wrong.(我一看见她,就知道出事儿了,和用 as soon as 引导表意一致。)
hardly...when/no sooner...than 引导:意思是 “刚…… 就”,它们所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。例如:He had hardly sat down when the phone rang.(他刚一坐下,电话就响了,“hardly...when” 结构突出两个动作紧密衔接,且从句谓语用过去完成时 “had sat down”。)
since 引导:在含有 since 引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时,主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时。例如:Since we moved here, we have made many new friends.(自从我们搬到这儿,已经交了很多新朋友,从句 “moved” 是一般过去时,主句 “have made” 是现在完成时,体现从过去某个时间点开始一直持续到现在的情况。)
till/until 引导:二者同义,作 “直到…… 时 (为止)” 解,till 多用于非正式文体,until 多用于句首。例如:She didn't leave until/till her mother came back.(直到她妈妈回来,她才离开,说明离开这个动作一直没发生,直到妈妈回来这个时间节点。)
each time 等引导:
常见连词及示例:
every time (每次):Every time I go to that restaurant, I order the same dish.(每次去那家餐厅,我都点同一道菜,强调每次去这个餐厅都会发生的动作。)
each time (每次):Each time he makes a mistake, he learns from it.(他每次犯错,都会从中吸取教训,体现每次出现某种情况时相应的做法。)
(the) next time (下次):Next time you come here, bring your sister with you.(下次你来这儿的时候,把你妹妹带上,是针对下次这个时间点提出要求。)
any time (随时):You can ask me for help any time you need it.(你随时需要帮助都可以找我,表明提供帮助不受时间限制。)
(the) last time (上次):The last time I saw him, he looked very tired.(我上次见到他的时候,他看上去很疲惫,描述上次见到某人时的状态。)
the first time (第一次):The first time I tried skiing, I fell down a lot.(我第一次尝试滑雪的时候,摔了很多跤,讲述第一次做某事时的经历。)
by the time (当…… 的时候):By the time he arrived at the station, the train had already left.(当他到达车站的时候,火车已经开走了,强调在到达车站这个时间点时火车开走这个动作已完成。)
冠词使用情况:every time, each time, any time 前不用冠词,(the) next time, (the) last time 中的冠词可以省略,而 the first time 中的冠词通常不能省略。
2. 地点状语从句
where 引导:
表示地点含义及示例:从属连词 where 表示 “在(或到)…… 的地方”。例如:Where there is water, there is life.(有水的地方就有生命,说明生命存在的地点条件。)
指处境等情况及示例:除指地点外,还可指处境等。例如:He didn't feel comfortable where he was.(他对自己当时所处的处境感觉不舒服,此处 “where” 指代的就是所处的那种处境状况。)
词省略情况及示例:有时地点状语从句中的某些词可以省略。例如:Write down your answers where necessary.(在必要的地方写下你的答案,这里省略了一些和具体语境相关、表意重复的词,使表达更简洁。)
wherever 引导:从属连词 wherever 意为 “在(或到)…… 的各个地方”。例如:You can go wherever you like during the holiday.(假期里你可以去任何你喜欢的地方,强调地点的任意性、广泛性。)
3. 条件状语从句
if 引导:可引导非真实条件状语从句(涉及虚拟语气)和真实条件状语从句。例如:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(这是真实条件状语从句,假设明天下雨这个真实可能发生的情况,以及对应的我们会待在家里的结果。) If I were you, I would choose that one.(这是非真实条件状语从句,是一种与现实不符的假设,使用了虚拟语气,表达如果我是你这个假设情况下我会做的事。)
unless 引导:引导的是否定条件状语从句,在意义上相当于 if...not,而且语气较强,一般不用于虚拟语气。例如:You won't pass the exam unless you study hard.(相当于 You won't pass the exam if you don't study hard. 意思是如果不努力学习,你就无法通过考试,语气比较强硬地强调努力学习这个条件的必要性。)
only if 引导:意为 “只有……(才);只有在…… 的时候,唯一的条件是……”。例如:I will go to the party only if I finish my work on time.(只有我按时完成工作,我才会去参加聚会,突出完成工作是去参加聚会的唯一条件。)
as/so long as 引导:意为 “只要;如果”。例如:As long as you keep practicing, you will make progress.(只要你一直练习,就会取得进步,表明持续练习这个条件能带来取得进步的结果。)
provided (that)/providing (that) 引导:意为 “假如;如果”。例如:I will help you provided (that) you tell me the truth.(假如你告诉我真相,我就会帮助你,提出帮助的条件是说出真相。)
on condition that(条件是)和 suppose /supposing (that)(假设;如果)引导:例如:I can lend you the book on condition that you return it next week.(我可以把书借给你,条件是你下周归还,明确借书的条件。) Suppose (that) it rains tomorrow, what will we do?(假设明天下雨,我们该怎么办,引出一种假设情况来探讨应对办法。)
4. 让步状语从句
although/though 引导:
用法及示例:although 和 though,都作 “虽然;尽管” 解,通常可以换用,although 的语气较重。如果要强调 “但是” 语气,可使用 yet,still 或 nevertheless 来表示 “但是”、“依然” 或 “然而” 之意。例如:Although/Though it was cold, he still went out for a walk.(尽管天气很冷,他还是出去散步了,体现尽管存在某个不利情况,但依然做某事的意思。) Although it was raining heavily, yet he arrived at school on time.(用 “yet” 来进一步强调转折意味,即便雨下得很大,他还是按时到校了。)
even if/even though 引导:
even if 引导:“即使,纵然”,从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。例如:Even if it snows tomorrow, we will go skiing.(即使明天下雪,我们也会去滑雪,说明不管明天是否下雪这个还未发生的情况如何,都要去滑雪的决心。)
even though 引导:“虽然,尽管”,从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况,通常可以和 although/though 换用。例如:Even though he was tired, he helped me with my homework.(虽然他很累了,但还是帮我做功课,表明已经处于很累的状态下,依然做了另一件事。)
as 引导:引导让步状语从句时,意为 “尽管,虽然”,从句多位于主句之前,而且必须使用倒装语序。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语,则把表语置于句首,而且名词前要省略冠词;如果从句中有修饰动词的副词,则将该副词置于句首;如果从句中有情态动词,则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。例如:Young as he is, he is very capable.(形容词 “Young” 作表语提前,省略冠词,说明尽管他年轻,但很有能力。) Fast as he ran, he couldn't catch up with the first runner.(副词 “Fast” 置于句首,强调尽管他跑得很快,却还是追不上第一名。) Try as he might, he couldn't open the door.(情态动词 “might” 后的动词原形 “Try” 置于句首,体现尽管他努力尝试了,还是打不开门的情况。)
while 引导:“虽然,尽管”,多用于正式文体,且多位于句首,相当于 although。例如:While I agree with you in part, I still have some different opinions.(虽然我部分同意你的观点,但我还是有一些不同意见,在正式表达中体现让步转折关系。)
疑问词 - ever 与 no matter + 疑问词引导:
whatever/no matter what 引导:用法相同,都作 “无论什么” 解,后者多用于非正式文体。例如:Whatever/No matter what difficulties we meet, we should never give up.(不管我们遇到什么困难,都绝不应该放弃,强调在任何困难面前都要坚持的态度。)
whichever/no matter which 引导:用法相同,都作 “无论哪个” 解,后者多用于非正式文体。例如:Whichever/No matter which book you choose, it will be helpful for your study.(不论你选哪本书,都会对你的学习有帮助,表明选择任何一个对象都能达成相应效果。)
whoever/no matter who 引导:用法相同,都作 “无论谁” 解,后者多用于非正式文体。例如:Whoever/No matter who breaks the rules, he will be punished.(不管是谁违反规则,都会受到惩罚,突出任何人触犯规则都要承担后果。)
wherever/no matter where 引导:用法相同,都作 “无论在(或到)哪里” 解,后者多用于非正式文体。例如:Wherever/No matter where you go, I will always miss you.(无论你去哪里,我都会一直想念你,体现不管对方身处何地,自己的情感状态都不变。)
however/no matter how 引导:用法相同,都作 “无论如何……” 解,后者多用于非正式文体。例如:However/No matter how hard it is, we should try our best to finish the task.(无论有多难,我们都应该尽全力完成任务,强调不管困难程度如何都要努力去做。)
whenever/no matter when 引导:用法相同,都作 “无论何时” 解,后者多用于非正式文体。例如:Whenever/No matter when you need help, just let me know.(无论你何时需要帮助,只要告诉我就行,表明提供帮助不受时间限制。)
(no matter) whether...or 引导:由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如:You'll have to attend the meeting whether you're busy or free.(不管你忙还是不忙,都得参加会议,说明忙或不忙这两种相反情况都不改变要参加会议这个结果。)
5. 原因状语从句
because 引导:表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由,着重点在从句,其所引导的从句,为全句句意的中心所在。通常用于回答 why 引出的疑问句,语气最强,除特别强调外,该从句一般位于主句后面。例如:I didn't go to school because I was ill.(我没去上学是因为我生病了,直接说明没去上学的原因是生病,而且重点就在生病这个原因上,同时也是回答 “为什么没去上学” 这个问题的答案。)
as 引导:引导的原因状语从句所引出的理由在说话人开来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要强调,从句多位于主句之前,通常可以和 since 换用,as 语气稍弱。例如:As it was getting dark, we decided to go home.(因为天快黑了,所以我们决定回家,“天快黑了” 这个理由比较明显,所以用 “as” 引导放在主句前,不需要着重强调。)
since 引导:表示人们已知的事实,不许强调的原因,故常译为 “既然……”,通常位于主句前。since 从句是次要的,重点强调主句的内容,相当于 now that。例如:Since you are here, you can help me with this work.(既然你在这儿,你就可以帮我做这项工作,“你在这儿” 是已知事实,重点是希望对方帮忙做工作这个主句内容。)
now (that) 引导:“因为;既然”,通常可以和 since 换用。其中 that 可省去,用来表示一种新的情况,再加以推论。例如:Now (that) you have grown up, you should be more independent.(既然你已经长大了,就应该更独立了,以长大这个新情况为前提,推出应该更独立这个推论。)
6. 目的状语从句
in order that 引导:“为了;以便”。多用于正式文体,通常可以与 so that 换用。例如:He got up early in order that he could catch the first bus.(他早起是为了能赶上头班车,用 “in order that” 引导目的状语从句来表明早起的目的,使句子表意更正式。)
so (that) 引导:“为了;以便”。so that 通常可以与 in order that 换用,它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后,在非正式文体中,常省略 that。
例题精练,举一反三
1. ____ the sun had set, we still felt warm because of the hot weather.
答案:Although/Though
解析:“the sun had set(太阳已经落山了)” 与 “we still felt warm(我们仍然感觉暖和)” 之间存在让步关系,“Although/Though” 引导让步状语从句,意为 “虽然,尽管”,符合句子中即便有太阳落山这个情况,却依旧暖和的逻辑,所以此处应填 “Although/Though”。
2. You can sit ____ you like in the classroom as long as you keep quiet.
答案:wherever
解析:从句 “you like” 修饰动词 “sit”,表达可以坐在任何你喜欢的地方,“wherever” 引导地点状语从句,有 “无论在哪里,在…… 的各个地方” 的意思,符合语境要求,所以此处应填 “wherever”。
3. I'll never forget the day ____ I first met my best friend.
答案:when
解析:“I first met my best friend” 是用来修饰先行词 “the day” 的定语从句,在从句中作时间状语,“when” 引导定语从句,指代表示时间的先行词 “the day”,说明是在那一天遇见了最好的朋友,所以此处应填 “when”。
4. He will surely succeed ____ he keeps working hard like this.
答案:as long as
解析:“he keeps working hard like this(他像这样一直努力工作)” 是 “ He will surely succeed(他肯定会成功)” 的条件,“as long as” 引导条件状语从句,意为 “只要”,符合句子表达的只要满足努力工作这个条件就能成功的逻辑,所以此处应填 “as long as”。
5. She always listens carefully in class ____ she may miss some important points.
答案:lest
解析:“lest” 引导目的状语从句,意为 “以免,唯恐”,从句常用 “should + 动词原形” 的虚拟语气形式(should 可省略),此处表达她上课认真听讲以免错过重要知识点,符合语境及语法要求,所以应填 “lest”。
6. ____ you are in trouble, don't hesitate to ask me for help.
答案:Whenever
解析:“Whenever” 引导时间状语从句,意为 “无论何时”,此句意思是无论你何时遇到麻烦,都不要犹豫向我求助,强调在任何处于麻烦的时间点都可以求助,所以此处应填 “Whenever”。
7. ____ much advice I gave him, he just wouldn't listen.
答案:However
解析:“However” 引导让步状语从句,修饰形容词 “much”,表示 “无论多少”,符合句子中不管给出多少建议,他都不听的让步逻辑,所以此处应填 “However”。
8. ____ you have made a decision, you should stick to it.
答案:Once
解析:“Once” 引导条件状语从句,意为 “一旦”,此句表达一旦你做出了决定,就应该坚持它,体现做出决定这个条件发生后应有的后续行为,所以此处应填 “Once”。
9. I was about to go out ____ it began to rain heavily.
答案:when
解析:“be about to do sth. when...” 是固定结构,意为 “正要做某事,突然……”,此处符合正要出门时突然下起大雨的语境,所以应填 “when”。
10. ____ hard the task is, we'll try our best to finish it on time.
答案:However
解析:“However” 引导让步状语从句,修饰形容词 “hard”,表示 “无论多么”,句子表达无论任务多么艰难,我们都会尽力按时完成它,体现让步转折逻辑,所以此处应填 “However”。
11. We won't start the meeting ____ everyone arrives.
答案:until/till
解析:“not...until/till...” 是固定结构,意为 “直到…… 才……”,此句表示直到每个人都到了才会开始会议,说明会议开始的时间条件是所有人都到达,所以此处应填 “until/till”。
12. ____ he was seriously ill, he still came to school to attend the exam.
答案:Although/Though
解析:“he was seriously ill(他病得很重)” 与 “he still came to school to attend the exam(他仍然来学校参加考试)” 构成让步关系,“Although/Though” 引导让步状语从句,表达尽管生病但依旧来考试的意思,所以此处应填 “Although/Though”。
13. ____ we have enough evidence, we can't prove he is guilty.
答案:Unless
解析:“Unless” 引导条件状语从句,相当于 “if...not”,意为 “除非,如果不”,此句意思是除非我们有足够的证据,否则我们不能证明他有罪,符合句子逻辑,所以此处应填 “Unless”。
14. You should make a mark ____ you have any questions while reading.
答案:where
解析:“you have any questions while reading” 修饰动词 “make a mark”,说明做标记的位置,“where” 引导地点状语从句,意为 “在…… 的地方”,符合语境,所以此处应填 “where”。
15. ____ tired he was, he continued to work late into the night.
答案:However
解析:“However” 引导让步状语从句,修饰形容词 “tired”,表示 “无论多么”,句子表达无论他多么累,都继续工作到深夜,体现让步转折的逻辑关系,所以此处应填 “However”。
16. I'll buy you a gift ____ I get my salary this month.
答案:when/after
解析:“when” 引导时间状语从句时,可表示 “当…… 的时候”,“after” 表示 “在…… 之后”,此处填入二者均可,分别表达当我这个月拿到工资时或者在我这个月拿到工资之后,我会给你买礼物的意思,符合句子的时间逻辑关系,所以此处可填 “when/after”。
17. He spoke in a low voice ____ no one could hear him clearly.
答案:so that
解析:“so that” 引导目的状语从句,意为 “以便,为了”,此句表示他小声说话,目的是不让别人清楚地听到他说话,符合句子中动作与目的的逻辑关系,所以此处应填 “so that”。
18. ____ it is fine tomorrow, we will go camping in the suburbs.
答案:If
解析:“If” 引导条件状语从句,意为 “如果”,此句表达如果明天天气好,我们就去郊外露营,提出天气好这个假设条件以及对应的去露营的结果,所以此处应填 “If”。
19. She didn't tell me the truth ____ I asked her several times.
答案:although/though
解析:“I asked her several times(我问了她好几次)” 与 “She didn't tell me the truth(她没告诉我真相)” 之间是让步关系,“although/though” 引导让步状语从句,表达尽管问了好几次,但还是没被告知真相的意思,所以此处应填 “although/though”。
20. ____ you study, you should have a proper method.
答案:Whenever
解析:“Whenever” 引导时间状语从句,意为 “无论何时”,此句强调无论什么时候学习,都应该有一个合适的方法,符合句子表达的在任何学习的时间点都需要合适方法的逻辑,所以此处应填 “Whenever”。
一、单项选择
1.(24-25高一上·山东菏泽·开学考试)As a policeman, Tom’s father is too busy to play with him ________ he expects to.
A.even though B.so that C.as soon as D.as long as
【答案】A
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:作为一名警察,汤姆的父亲忙得没时间陪他玩,尽管他很想陪他玩。A.even though尽管;虽然;B.so that因此;以便;C.as soon as一……就……;D.as long as只要。由句意及空前的Tom’s father is too busy to play with him 以及空后的 he expects to可知虽然父亲很想陪汤姆玩,但是没有时间,此处为让步状语从句,所以A项even though符合句意,故选A项。
2.(2024·贵州贵阳·模拟预测)We have decided to fulfill the task in time, difficulties we may meet with.
A.no matter how B.however C.whatever D.whichever
【答案】C
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:我们决定不管遇到什么困难,都要按时完成任务。根据“difficulties we may meet with”可知,此处是指不管遇到什么困难,应用whatever表示“无论什么”引导让步状语从句。故选C。
3.(2024·贵州贵阳·模拟预测)-Did Tom go back late last night?
—No. It was just nine o’clock he arrived home.
A.when B.after C.until D.that
【答案】A
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意:——汤姆昨晚很晚才回来吗?——不。他到家时才九点钟。根据“Did Tom go back late last night?”可知,此处是指他到家时才九点钟,应用连词when表示“当……时”引导时间状语从句。故选A。
4.(2024·山东·模拟预测)He has made ______ great progress ______ his mother is very pleased with him.
A.such; that B.enough; to C.so; too D.so; that
【答案】A
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:他取得了如此大的进步,他的母亲对他很满意。“ his mother is very pleased with him.”为句子,排除B项和C项;so+形容词/副词+that...或者such+形容词+名词+that...为固定句型,意为“如此……以至于……”,progress是名词,因此使用such...that...。故选A。
5.(23-24高一上·上海·期中)I’ll go to the party with you ________ you don’t wear those strange trousers.
A.on condition that B.as soon as C.as though D.in this case
【答案】A
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意:如果你不穿那条奇怪的裤子,我就和你一起去参加聚会。A. on condition that如果(引导条件状语从句);B. as soon as一……就……(引导时间状语从句);C. as though好像(引导方式状语从句);D. in this case在这种情况下(介词短语作条件状语)。根据空后的从句“you don’t wear those strange trousers.”可知,“你不穿奇怪的裤子”是“我和你一起去参加聚会”的条件,用on condition that引导条件状语从句。故选A。
6.(23-24高一上·上海·期中)We’ll start off as we planned ________.
A.no matter he will come or not B.no matter whether he will come or not
C.whether is he coming or not D.whether he comes or not
【答案】D
【详解】考查让步状语从句和时态。句意:不管他来不来,我们都要按原计划出发。根据选项可知从句部分是一种不确定的状态,因此应该用whether来引导,句型whether…or not…表示“无论是否”,用于引导让步状语从句;主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,且为陈述句语序。故选D。
7.(23-24高一下·广东深圳·期末)Adults, ____ overly concerned with fame and fortune, sometimes fail to see the joy in simple things ____ children do not.
A.unless; but B.when; where C.although; and D.even if; unless
【答案】B
【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。句意:成年人过分关注名利时,有时看不到简单事物中的快乐,而孩子们却能看到其中的快乐。第一空引导时间状语从句,省略了主语和be动词,表示“当……时候”应用when;第二空引导定语从句,从句完整句子为children do not fail to see the joy,从句缺状语,修饰先行词simple things,指代抽象概念的事物,应用关系副词where。故选B。
8.(23-24高一下·黑龙江大庆·期末)More than one account suggests that _________ Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof _________ it hit him on the head.
A.because; that B.if, whether C.while; that D.though; what
【答案】C
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:不止一种说法表明,虽然牛顿确实是受到一个掉落的苹果的启发,但没有证据表明苹果砸到了他的头。第一空引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然”应用while或though,故排除A、B选项;第二空同位语从句说明proof的内容,从句不缺少成分,句意完整,应用that。故选C。
9.(23-24高一下·天津·期末)________ sharing economy can make use of resources more conveniently and cost-efficiently, the approach has become popular in society.
A.Unless B.Because C.If D.Although
【答案】B
【详解】考查连词辨析。句意:因为共享经济可以更方便、更经济地利用资源,所以这种方法在社会中已经变得很流行。A. Unless除非;B. Because因为;C. If如果;D. Although尽管。根据句意,此处需要一个表示因果关系的连词,because引导原因状语从句。故选B。
10.(23-24高一下·天津滨海新·期末)________ we had lost a lot in the earthquake, warm moments gave us hope for the future.
A.Until B.Even though C.As though D.Before
【答案】B
【详解】考查连词辨析。句意:尽管我们在地震中损失惨重,但温暖的时刻给了我们对未来的希望。A. Until 直到;B. Even though 尽管;C. As though 好像;D. Before在...前。分析句子可知,这里表示“尽管”我们在地震中损失惨重,所以应用Even though 引导让步状语从句。故选B项。
二、语法填空
11.(2024高一下·全国·专题练习) moment she went back to her hometown, she gave away the souvenirs to her friends. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】The
【详解】考查连词。句意:她一回到家乡,就把纪念品分发给朋友们。分析可知,此处为名词短语the moment“一……就……”引导的时间状语从句。故填The。
12.(23-24高一下·四川达州·期中) going on your first trip to the UK is exciting, new and different customs can also be confusing. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】While/Though/Although
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:虽然你的第一次英国之旅令人兴奋,但新的和不同的习俗也会让你感到困惑。此处为连词引导的状语从句,结合句意可知,此处为让步状语从句,所以此处使用连词while/though/although,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填While/Though/Although。
13.(23-24高一下·四川达州·期中)Sometimes there are so many knives and forks you dare not pick them up. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:有时候刀叉太多了,你都不敢拿起来。结合句意可知,此处为“so…that…”结构,其中that引导的为结果状语从句,所以此处使用that。故填that。
14.(2024高二下·全国·专题练习)It is an interesting story and one can’t put it down he has finished reading it. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】until/till
【详解】考查连词。句意:这是一个有趣的故事,只要一读就停不下来。根据句意和空格前的can't可知,空格处应该填入连词引导时间状语从句,且意义为“直到……”,所以用连词until或till。故填until/till。
15.(24-25高二上·山东菏泽·阶段练习)Given Yuan’hybrid rice made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查固定句型。句意:鉴于袁隆平的杂交水稻让他相当富有,有人可能会认为他会退休。固定句型given that是“鉴于、考虑到”,引导条件状语从句,放在句首使用。故填that。
16.(24-25高二上·重庆·阶段练习)Nevertheless, it will take some years most homes begin to use this new technology. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】before
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:然而,需要几年的时间后,大多数家庭才开始使用这项新技术。结合句意可知,此处为“it will take some time before…”句型结构,意为“需要一段时间之后才……”,所以此处使用连词before引导的时间状语从句。故填before。
17.(24-25高二上·山东济宁·阶段练习)It will take a person at least a year he/she has a good command of the language. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】before
【详解】考查固定句型。句意:一个人至少需要一年的时间才能熟练掌握这门语言。此处为“It will be/take +时间段+before somebody does something”结构,表示“需要一段时间才会……”,符合句意。故填before。
18.(24-25高二上·山东济宁·阶段练习) hearing that he was admitted to a key university, he couldn’t help crying. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】On/Upon
【详解】考查介词。句意:听到他被一所重点大学录取的消息,他忍不住哭了。本空用介词on或upon,意为“一……就……”,位于句首,首字母大写。故填On或Upon。
19.(24-25高二上·江苏南京·阶段练习)Her performance on stage was marked by such (brilliant) that the audience was captivated by her every move and note. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】brilliance
【详解】考查名词。句意:她在舞台上的表演光彩夺目,观众被她的一举一动和音符迷住了。such+n.+that,表示“如此……以致于……”。故填brilliance。
20.(24-25高二上·全国·课后作业)The more I know about Chinese tradition culture, the (attract) it is to me. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】more attractive
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:我对中国传统文化了解得越多,它对我就越有吸引力。根据句意和句中的the more可知,此处考查固定句型“The+比较级,the+比较级”,表示“越……,就越……”,所以空格处应该用形容词attractive的比较级more attractive。故填more attractive。
21.(24-25高二上·全国·课后作业) you have seen a man walk on the Moon, you grow up (believe) that anything is possible. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 When believing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当你看到一个人在月球上行走时,你就会相信一切皆有可能。第一空表示“当……的时候”,为when引导的时间状语从句,句首单词首字母大写;句中谓语是grow,第二空用非谓语动词,you和believe之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动,故填①When②believing。
22.(24-25高二上·全国·课后作业) space exploration is a reality, we remain curious the mysteries of the universe. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 While about
【详解】考查让步状语从句、介词。句意:尽管太空探索是事实,但我们仍然对宇宙的奥秘感到好奇。前后句意存在转折关系,第一空应用while“虽然”引导让步状语从句,位于句首,首字母大写;curious about为固定搭配,意为“对……感到好奇”,第二空用介词about。故填①While;②about。
23.(24-25高二上·全国·课后作业)Splendid the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not exciting you might think. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 as as as
【详解】考查让步状语从句和连词。句意:尽管地球的景色很壮观,但太空漫步并不是你想象的那样令人激动。根据句子分析可知,空1:此处引导让步状语从句,且表语splendid位于句首,故应用as“尽管”引导;空2:此处为as+adj.+as“与……一样……”,此处as为副词,修饰形容词exciting;空3:此处为as+adj.+as“与……一样……”,此处as为连词。故填as。故答案为as,as,as。
24.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习) the critic writes a review, it is insightful and thoughtful. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Whenever
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:每当评论家写一篇评论时,它都是富有洞察力和深思熟虑的。根据“the critic writes a review”和“ it is insightful and thoughtful”可知,上下文之间形成转折关系,需用whenever引导让步状语从句,表示“无论什么时候”,位于句首首字母大写。故填Whenever。
25.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习) language the poet writes in, the emotions are universal. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Whichever
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:无论诗人用何种语言写作,情感都是共通的。前后句之间是让步关系,空处引导让步状语从句,且作language的限定词,是有选择范围的“无论哪一个”,因此用whichever来引导,且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Whichever。
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