2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习题型组合套练 第五练

阅读、七选五、完型、语法填空、应用文写作、读后续写组合练 第 五 练 一、阅读理解 A 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 应用文 人与社会—历史、社会与文化 234 ★★ PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322, she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. Tan Yunxian (1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents.Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam, Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. James Barry (c.1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 1.What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A.Doing teaching jobs B.Being hired as physicians. C.Performing surgery. D.Being banned from medicine. 2.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners? A,She wrote a book. B.She went through trials. C. She worked as a dentist. D.She had formal education. 3.Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B.Tan Yunxian. C.James Barry. D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler. B 体裁 主题语境 难度 记叙文 人与自我———做人与做事 418 ★★★ Even though some people believe that money makes the world go around,many people would choose health over wealth.For someone like violinist Robert Gupta,who was on his way to becoming a physician before joining the Los Angeles Philharmonic at age 19,music, health,and wealth are all part of the same package. In addition to music,Gupta is deeply interested in neurobiology. Because of his interests, he has had the chance to work with Nathaniel Anthony Ayers, a talented musician whose career was sidelined by schizophrenia.Although Ayers studied music at the Juilliard School in New York City, his mental illness got in the way of professional success. After dropping out of Julliard and having unsuccessful medical treatment for his schizophrenia,Ayers moved to Los Angeles where he ended up homeless.In 2005,a journalist for the Los Angeles Times named Steve Lopez heard Ayers playing music in the streets. Lopez wrote a book about Ayers and became his friend.Their friendship became the subject of a movie,and because of the book and the movie,Ayers has had a chance to perform his music in some of the most famous concert halls in the world. It seemed like Ayers had found his happy ending. However, he refuses to take medication to treat his schizophrenia. He says it keeps him from“hearing the music”. Because of this, Ayers is still subject to schizophrenia and sometimes leaves his home to go back to the streets. Gupta was introduced to Ayers after Lopez took his friend to a performance of Beethoven's First and Fourth symphonies, and Ayers asked Gupta for a violin lesson.When they first met, Ayers was on edge. Gupta was afraid that if he taught the lesson in his usual way, Ayers would react violently. Finally, he just began playing. A change came over Ayers.Gupta said, “And in a miracle, he lifted his own violin and he started playing.” The two musicians played some violin pieces together that day.A bond was formed. Music, Gupta realized, is a way to deal with our emotions, even our most unpleasant ones. “This was the very reason why we made music through our creativity. We're able to shape those emotions into reality,” he says. Now, Gupta says, “I will always make music with Nathaniel, whether we're at Walt Disney Concert Hall or on Skid Row, because he reminds me why I became a musician.” 4.From the first two paragraphs,we can learn that Robert Gupta . A.became a physician at the age of 19 B.was interested in the treatment of schizophrenia C.was lucky to be wealthy,healthy and talented in music D.had long dreamed to join the Los Angeles Philharmonic 5.Ayers got the chance to perform in some famous concert halls thanks to . A.Steve Lopez's book and a movie about their friendship B.his great efforts to fight against his mental illness C.Robert Gupta's original way of teaching music D.his talent in composing and playing music 6.By saying“on edge”in paragraph 5,the author means that Ayers Was A.excited but uncertain B.eager for a violin lesson C.nervous and bad-tempered D.anxious about his own career 7.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A.A Great Musician B.Teaching Music C.Why Study Music D.Music Is Medicine C 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 说明文 人与社会——科学与技术 283 ★★★ Imagine a new smartphone product. It works the same as any other smartphone, but when dropped, those cracks that appear after an annoying fall slowly begin to fade away, and the phone magically repairs itself. A team of researchers led by chemistry professor Takuzo Aida has found a way to create self-repairing plastics that can be used in smartphones, cars and other products. But their hew plastics won't only be use to create unbreakable products, but also help the fight against growing wastes harming the planet. 91%of plastic is non-recyclable and filling Earth with waste. The increasing plastic in landfills.is a growing concern due to its negative environmental impact. In 2019,about only 9% of plastics were recycled globally,leading Japanese scientists to seek to find plastic that can start its own formation or self-repair. The self-repairing plastics are made by adding a tiny amount of a specialized substance into ordinary plastic to hold the monomers (单体)together by hydrogen bonds(氢键). When the new plastic is broken down by heat, instead of burning to waste, the hydrogen bonds mix and allow for the formation of special shaped monomers to create a foundation for more monomers to layer on and rebuild itself. The team found that their self-healing plastic was able to automatically repair at room temperature,over an hour to regain its durability. The team's work suggests great prospects for the future of plastic.“The technique could lead to the development of a made-to- last plastic that does not need to be recycled,”lead professor Aida said at the conference, “and can one day be in products from smartphones to cars and even buildings.” 8.What is the special feature of the new plastics? A.Hard to break. B.Cheap to produce. C.Good to health. D.Easy to recycle. 9.What drove scientists to search for the new plastics? A.Global warming. B.Industrial needs. C.Economic crisis. D.Green awareness. 10.What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the new plastic? A.Its social effect. B.Its main function. C.Its working principle. D.Its economic value. 11.What is Aida's attitude towards the new plastic? A.Doubtful. B.Favorable. C.Disapproving. D.Unconcerned. D 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 说明文 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 437 ★★★ Be it from the mouths of foreigners who have lived here for a few years or from stories on travel websites, one of the most 2ommon qualities that people list about Shanghai is the infectious energy that courses through the city. For some, this energy is defined by the way of life — Shanghai is a city that never sleeps. In the day, the streets are always bustling with people from all over the world. After all, the city has long been China's most cosmopolitan city,having been the epicenter of trade and cultural exchange between Chinese and foreigners since the city was forced to open its door to the world in 1843 after the First Opium War. Shanghai's ubiquitous delivery people can be found on the roads even past midnight,rushing from point to point on their trusty electric scooters to satiate the hunger of night owls. Even before the break of dawn, pensioners can be found gathering in parks,ready to kick start their day with a taichi session. For others, this energy is generated from the friction between the contrasts the city has. Indeed, it does not take long for one to realize that Shanghai's charm lies in it being a binary of old and new. Here, charming neoclassical architecture and art deco structures stand alongside modern buildings with shimmering glass and metal facades, rustic ( 质 朴 的 ) lane houses and shikumen buildings. Humble mom-and-pop shops that look stuck in time can often be found right next to hip dining venues or industrial-chic fashion stores selling designer apparel. One of the best places to get an overview of these surreal contrasts is none other than the tallest building in the city — the Shanghai Tower in Lujiazui. Measuring a dizzying 632 meters in height, this architectural marvel boasts having the world's highest observation deck within a building or structure. It also comes with the world's fastest elevators which would get you from the bottom to the top at 20.5 meters per second. On the other side of the Huangpu River is where you would find the Bund, which is home to magnificent neoclassical buildings. The Bund is to Shanghai what Times Square is to New York or what the Champs-elysees is to Paris. A trip to Shanghai would not be complete without exploring this iconic waterfront promenade. Autumn is the best time to experience Shanghai on foot,not merely because the weather is conducive for walking,but because this is when the roads and sidewalks in many areas are blanketed with a layer of colorful fallen leaves. 12.Why is the example of delivery people mentioned? A.To make a contrast with pensioners' biological clock. B.To illustrate the vibrant energy of modern Shanghai. C.To highlight the diligence and consideration of delivery people. D.To feature the courier delivery service in full swing. 13.Which of the following is TRUE about the contrast of Shanghai? A.The contrast mainly arises from the First Opium War. B.The design of the Shanghai Tower stands for a contrast. C.A marked contrast is shown in the use of building materials. D.The dishes served in mom-and-pop shops represent the outdated flavor. 14.What does the underlined word“hip”mean in paragraph 5? A.Photographic. B.Modest. C.Peculiar. D.Stylish, 15.Which of the following will be most probably discussed following the last paragraph? A.Stunning views of the Shanghai skyline. B.The best places to view the seasonal spectacle. C.The walking path that hugs the Huangpu River. D.Must-try dishes and food items typical of Shanghai. 二、七选五 体裁 主题 词数 难度 说明文 人与自然——自然生态 286 ★★ Walking in the city is very different from walking in the park. A small psychology study suggests urban environments can slow your step and possibly increase your mental load. 1 It can ease your mind and quicken your pace.The findings show that natural settings may potentially reduce cognitive (认知的 )tiredness and improve reaction times straight away. 2 The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people's way of walking and cognitive load. During this trial, participants were fitted with sensors and a dozen motion control cameras were set up to watch them repeatedly walk down a 15- metre room at their natural speed.The wall opposite them showed an image of either a nature scene or a city scene. 3 On the whole,when walking in city settings,people reported that they felt more uncomfortable and they walked at a slower pace,indicating a higher cognitive load. 4 In the trial,participants were asked to distinguish between basic visual shapes on the computer while also in the presence of a natural or urban image(the same ones from the first experiment). Measuring reaction times in both natural and urban settings, the team found results to support their idea.In urban environments, participants were slower in distinguishing between simple shapes. 5 Our brains take longer to process.However,more research is needed to prove that idea. A.Nature influences us in many ways. B.The second dug into some higher-level cognitive processes. C.A walk through nature does the opposite,though. D.They said they couldn't concentrate properly after walking. E.After each,participants were asked to rate their discomfort. F,The reason is that urban environments are more distracting. G.The study includes two experiments with two different approaches. 三、完形填空 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 记叙文 人与自我——做人与做事 261 ★★★ I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as as Paul — he 2 me.I don't know how many people would have done that;they would have 3 their agents or the studio powers. The friendship that 4 the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its 5 in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of 6 and live TV. We 7 craft (技艺) and focused on 8 the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the 9 and virtues that are 10 of American actors:humorous,aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying 11 . Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen. We shared the 12 that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should 13 something back — he with his Newman's Own food for kids in need, and me with Sundance.Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at 14 . I last saw him a few months ago.He'd been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was,and we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of 15 . 1.A.handsome B.famous C.tall D.smart 2.A.supported B.sponsored C.envied D.declined 3.A.attended to B.turned to C.listened to D.appealed to 4.A.was ruined by B.was restored by C.was valued for D.was developed from 5.A.resource B.meaning C.root D.motivation 6.A.theater B.dance C.music D.sports 7.A.admitted B.learned C.respected D.grasped 8.A.arguing about B.approving of C.running into D.digging into 9.A.responsibilities B.qualities C.reliabilities D.capacities 10.A.unique B.ordinary C.fundamental D.typical 11.A.sympathy B.inspiration C.affection D.willingness 12.A.goal B.belief C.standard D.experience 13.A.put B.take C.give D.bring 14.A.screens B.events C.parties D.concerts 15.A.actions B.promises C.messages D.words 四、语法填空 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 说明文 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 206 ★★★ Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China were added to UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on November 29th. This unique culture, 1 (compose) of knowledge, skills and practices concerning management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, and the processing, drinking and sharing of tea, is the 43rd entry from China on the list, whose total tops all other countries. The tea that 2 (appeal)to the world for thousands of years finally received top-level global 3 (recognize)as a shared cultural treasure of mankind. According to UNESCO, in China traditional tea processing techniques are 4 (close) associated with geographical location and natural environment, resulting 5 six categories in China— green, black, yellow, oolong, white and dark. 6 an official document explained,tea is a fundamental cultural element to Chinese people's daily life. Practices of greeting guests with tea and building good relationships through tea-related activities 7 (share) among multiple ethnic groups, and provide 8 sense of identity and continuity for communities, groups and 9 (individual) concerned. In China,it is reported that over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities have set up majors in tea science or tea culture,with over 3,000 graduates 10 (specialize)in tea production and art every year. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 五、应用文写作 假定你是李华。上周末，你们学校组织了一次“干农活”的实践 活动。请给英国笔友 Jackson 写一封信分享你参加本次活动的经 历。 内容包括：1.活动过程； 2.活动感受。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dear Jackson, Yours sincerely, Li Hua 六、读后续写 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 记叙文 人与自我——生活与学习 345 ★★★ 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之 构成一篇完整的短文。 One day when I was 12,my mother gaveme an order:I was to walk to the public library,and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem—inability to read. In the library, I found my way into the“Children's Room”. I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my beagle. There on the book's cover was a beagle which looked identical to my dog. I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover. My eyes ran across the title, “Amos, the Beagle with a Plan”. Unknowingly, I had read the title. Without opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer. Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos. I read very, very slowly with difficulty. Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home. That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were,in my mind, running together. When I finished my reading, a stream of tears ran down my cheeks. It was until then that I realized I had overcome my inability to read. Thus, this was the very first book for me that I had read through and deeply immersed in real sense. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 My mother's call returned me to the real world.I suddenly realized something: Last year,my mother was so proud that I was rewarded a PhD in literature. 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$阅读、七选五、完型、语法填空、应用文写作、读后续写组合练 第 五 练 一、阅读理解 A 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 应用文 人与社会—历史、社会与文化 234 ★★ PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322, she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. Tan Yunxian (1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents.Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam, Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. James Barry (c.1789-1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 1.What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A.Doing teaching jobs B.Being hired as physicians. C.Performing surgery. D.Being banned from medicine. 2.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners? A,She wrote a book. B.She went through trials. C. She worked as a dentist. D.She had formal education. 3.Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B.Tan Yunxian. C.James Barry. D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位女性 从医人员的生平与事迹。 1.C 解析： 细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.”以及第三部 分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”和“Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.”可知，Jacqueline和James 的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。故选C。 2.A 解析：推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第二部分中 的“Tan wrote a book,Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.”可推知，Tan 与文章中其 他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。 3,D 解析：细节理解题。通过文章第四部分中的“Four years later,she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree,”可知，Rebeca Lee Crumplcr是第一位获 得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。 【知识补充】 1.highlight v.突出，强调；用亮色突出 2.suspicion n,怀疑，猜想 3.surgery n.外科手术 4.unlawfully adv,不正当地；不合法地 5.physician n.医生 6.qualify as 取得……资格 B 体裁 主题语境 难度 记叙文 人与自我———做人与做事 418 ★★★ Even though some people believe that money makes the world go around,many people would choose health over wealth.For someone like violinist Robert Gupta,who was on his way to becoming a physician before joining the Los Angeles Philharmonic at age 19,music, health,and wealth are all part of the same package. In addition to music,Gupta is deeply interested in neurobiology. Because of his interests, he has had the chance to work with Nathaniel Anthony Ayers, a talented musician whose career was sidelined by schizophrenia.Although Ayers studied music at the Juilliard School in New York City, his mental illness got in the way of professional success. After dropping out of Julliard and having unsuccessful medical treatment for his schizophrenia,Ayers moved to Los Angeles where he ended up homeless.In 2005,a journalist for the Los Angeles Times named Steve Lopez heard Ayers playing music in the streets. Lopez wrote a book about Ayers and became his friend.Their friendship became the subject of a movie,and because of the book and the movie,Ayers has had a chance to perform his music in some of the most famous concert halls in the world. It seemed like Ayers had found his happy ending. However, he refuses to take medication to treat his schizophrenia. He says it keeps him from“hearing the music”. Because of this, Ayers is still subject to schizophrenia and sometimes leaves his home to go back to the streets. Gupta was introduced to Ayers after Lopez took his friend to a performance of Beethoven's First and Fourth symphonies, and Ayers asked Gupta for a violin lesson.When they first met, Ayers was on edge. Gupta was afraid that if he taught the lesson in his usual way, Ayers would react violently. Finally, he just began playing. A change came over Ayers.Gupta said, “And in a miracle, he lifted his own violin and he started playing.” The two musicians played some violin pieces together that day.A bond was formed. Music, Gupta realized, is a way to deal with our emotions, even our most unpleasant ones. “This was the very reason why we made music through our creativity. We're able to shape those emotions into reality,” he says. Now, Gupta says, “I will always make music with Nathaniel, whether we're at Walt Disney Concert Hall or on Skid Row, because he reminds me why I became a musician.” 4.From the first two paragraphs,we can learn that Robert Gupta . A.became a physician at the age of 19 B.was interested in the treatment of schizophrenia C.was lucky to be wealthy,healthy and talented in music D.had long dreamed to join the Los Angeles Philharmonic 5.Ayers got the chance to perform in some famous concert halls thanks to . A.Steve Lopez's book and a movie about their friendship B.his great efforts to fight against his mental illness C.Robert Gupta's original way of teaching music D.his talent in composing and playing music 6.By saying“on edge”in paragraph 5,the author means that Ayers Was A.excited but uncertain B.eager for a violin lesson C.nervous and bad-tempered D.anxious about his own career 7.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A.A Great Musician B.Teaching Music C.Why Study Music D.Music Is Medicine 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小提琴家 Robert Gupta因为对神经生物学感兴趣，有机会和Nathaniel Anthony Ayers一起工作，而Ayers 患有精神分裂症，Gupta 为 Ayers 演奏小提琴，使Ayers的病情有所好转。Gupta 意识到，音乐是处理情绪的一种方式，即使是最不愉快的情绪。 4.B 解 析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“In addition to music,Gupta is deeply interested in neurobiology...a talented musician whose career was sidelined by schizophrenia.(除了音 乐，Gupta对神经生物学非常感兴趣，因为他的兴趣，他有 机会与 Nathaniel Anthony Ayers一起工作，一个有天赋但 职业生涯被精神分裂症边缘化的音乐家)”可知，Robert Gupta对精神分裂症的治疗感兴趣。故选B。 5.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段三、四句可知，因为 Lopez的书和一部关于他们友谊的电影，Ayers 有机会在一 些著名的音乐厅演出。故选A。 6.C 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Gupta was afraid that if he taught the lesson in his usual way,Aycrs would react violently.”可知，Gupta 担心如果他以惯常的方式给 Ayers上课，他会做出过激反应，可见他们第一次见面时，Ayers很紧张。故画线词的意思是“紧张易怒的”。故 选C。 7.D 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了小提琴家 Robert Gupta因为对神经生物学感兴趣，有机会和Nathaniel Anthouy Ayers一起工作，而 Ayers 患有精神分裂症， Gupta为 Ayers 演奏小提琴，使 Ayers 的病情有所好转。 Gupta意识到，音乐是一种处理情绪的方式，即使是最不愉 快的情绪。由此可知，D 选项“音乐是良药”最适合作文章 标题。故选D。 【知识补充】 1.neurobiology n.神经生物学 2.schizophrenia n.精神分裂症 3.in addition to 除……之外(还有) 4.get in the way 妨碍 【长难句分析】 I will always make music with Nathaniel, whether we're at Walt Disney Concert Hall or or Skid Row, because he reminds me why I became a musician.(最后一段) 句意：我将永远和纳撒尼尔一起创作音乐，无论我们是在迪十 尼音乐厅还是在贫民窟，因为他提醒我为什么我要成为一名 音乐家。 分析：本句为复合句，whether ...or 引导让步状语从句； because引导原因状语从句；why 引导宾语从句，作 remind的 宾语。 C 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 说明文 人与社会——科学与技术 283 ★★★ Imagine a new smartphone product. It works the same as any other smartphone, but when dropped, those cracks that appear after an annoying fall slowly begin to fade away, and the phone magically repairs itself. A team of researchers led by chemistry professor Takuzo Aida has found a way to create self-repairing plastics that can be used in smartphones, cars and other products. But their hew plastics won't only be use to create unbreakable products, but also help the fight against growing wastes harming the planet. 91%of plastic is non-recyclable and filling Earth with waste. The increasing plastic in landfills.is a growing concern due to its negative environmental impact. In 2019,about only 9% of plastics were recycled globally,leading Japanese scientists to seek to find plastic that can start its own formation or self-repair. The self-repairing plastics are made by adding a tiny amount of a specialized substance into ordinary plastic to hold the monomers (单体)together by hydrogen bonds(氢键). When the new plastic is broken down by heat, instead of burning to waste, the hydrogen bonds mix and allow for the formation of special shaped monomers to create a foundation for more monomers to layer on and rebuild itself. The team found that their self-healing plastic was able to automatically repair at room temperature,over an hour to regain its durability. The team's work suggests great prospects for the future of plastic.“The technique could lead to the development of a made-to- last plastic that does not need to be recycled,”lead professor Aida said at the conference, “and can one day be in products from smartphones to cars and even buildings.” 8.What is the special feature of the new plastics? A.Hard to break. B.Cheap to produce. C.Good to health. D.Easy to recycle. 9.What drove scientists to search for the new plastics? A.Global warming. B.Industrial needs. C.Economic crisis. D.Green awareness. 10.What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the new plastic? A.Its social effect. B.Its main function. C.Its working principle. D.Its economic value. 11.What is Aida's attitude towards the new plastic? A.Doubtful. B.Favorable. C.Disapproving. D.Unconcerned. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种可以 自我修复的新型塑料，它的工作原理及其应用前景。 8.A 解析；细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“A team of researchers led by chemistry professor ...but also help the fight against growing wastes harming the planet.(由化学 教授Tak1zo Aida 领导的一组研究人员找到了一种可用于 制造智能手机、汽车和其他产品的自我修复塑料的方法。 但他们的新塑料不仅将用于制造牢不可破的产品，还有助 于对抗危害地球的日益增长的废物)”可知，新塑料的特性是可以自我修复，牢不可破。故选A。 9.D 解 析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“The increasing plastic in landfills ...that can start its own formation or sclf-repair. (由于其对环境的负面影响，垃圾填埋场中越来 越多的塑料正持续受到关注。2019年，全球只有约9%的 塑料被回收，这促使口本科学家寻求可以自己形成或自我 修复的塑料)”可知，因为塑料垃圾对环境的影响使科学家 研究新型塑料。故选D。 10.C 解 析 ：段落大意题。根据第三段“The self-repairing plastics are made by ..over an hour to regain its durability. (自修复塑料是通过在普通塑料中加入少量的特殊物质， 通过氢键将单体固定在一起而制成的，当新塑料被热分 解时，氢键不会燃烧成废物，而是混合并允许形成特殊形 状的单体，从而为更多单体分层和重建自身奠定基础。研 究小组发现，他们的白我修复塑料能够在室温下白动修复 一个小时，以恢复其耐用性)”可知，第三段主要讲述了新 型塑料的工作原理。故选C。 11.B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中“The technique could lead to the development of a made-to-last plastic that does not need to be recycled ...and can one day be in products Irom smartphones to cats and cvcn buildings.( 该 技术可能开发出一种不需要回收的经久耐用的塑料，有朝 一日可能会出现在从智能手机到汽车甚至建筑物的产品 中)”可知，Aida 对新型塑料是非常赞许的。故选B。 【知识补充】 1.drop v.下降，掉落 2.magically adv.神奇地 3.unbreakable adj.牢不可破的 4.specialized adj.特殊的；专业的，专门的 5.substance n.物质 6.allow for 允许 【长难句分析】 It works the same as any other smartphone, but when dropped, those cracks that appear after an annoying fall slowly begin to fade away, and the phone magically repairs itself.(第 一段第二句) 句意：它的工作原理和其他智能手机一样，但当它掉在地上 时，那些令人讨厌的摔倒后出现的裂缝会慢慢消失，手机会神 奇地自我修复。 分析：本句是but 连接的并列句。在第二个并列句中，when 引导时间状语从句，省略了主语和be, 主句中 after 引导状语 从句，that appear是定语从句，关系词that代替 cracks在从句 中作主语。 D 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 说明文 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 437 ★★★ Be it from the mouths of foreigners who have lived here for a few years or from stories on travel websites, one of the most 2ommon qualities that people list about Shanghai is the infectious energy that courses through the city. For some, this energy is defined by the way of life — Shanghai is a city that never sleeps. In the day, the streets are always bustling with people from all over the world. After all, the city has long been China's most cosmopolitan city,having been the epicenter of trade and cultural exchange between Chinese and foreigners since the city was forced to open its door to the world in 1843 after the First Opium War. Shanghai's ubiquitous delivery people can be found on the roads even past midnight,rushing from point to point on their trusty electric scooters to satiate the hunger of night owls. Even before the break of dawn, pensioners can be found gathering in parks,ready to kick start their day with a taichi session. For others, this energy is generated from the friction between the contrasts the city has. Indeed, it does not take long for one to realize that Shanghai's charm lies in it being a binary of old and new. Here, charming neoclassical architecture and art deco structures stand alongside modern buildings with shimmering glass and metal facades, rustic ( 质 朴 的 ) lane houses and shikumen buildings. Humble mom-and-pop shops that look stuck in time can often be found right next to hip dining venues or industrial-chic fashion stores selling designer apparel. One of the best places to get an overview of these surreal contrasts is none other than the tallest building in the city — the Shanghai Tower in Lujiazui. Measuring a dizzying 632 meters in height, this architectural marvel boasts having the world's highest observation deck within a building or structure. It also comes with the world's fastest elevators which would get you from the bottom to the top at 20.5 meters per second. On the other side of the Huangpu River is where you would find the Bund, which is home to magnificent neoclassical buildings. The Bund is to Shanghai what Times Square is to New York or what the Champs-elysees is to Paris. A trip to Shanghai would not be complete without exploring this iconic waterfront promenade. Autumn is the best time to experience Shanghai on foot,not merely because the weather is conducive for walking,but because this is when the roads and sidewalks in many areas are blanketed with a layer of colorful fallen leaves. 12.Why is the example of delivery people mentioned? A.To make a contrast with pensioners' biological clock. B.To illustrate the vibrant energy of modern Shanghai. C.To highlight the diligence and consideration of delivery people. D.To feature the courier delivery service in full swing. 13.Which of the following is TRUE about the contrast of Shanghai? A.The contrast mainly arises from the First Opium War. B.The design of the Shanghai Tower stands for a contrast. C.A marked contrast is shown in the use of building materials. D.The dishes served in mom-and-pop shops represent the outdated flavor. 14.What does the underlined word“hip”mean in paragraph 5? A.Photographic. B.Modest. C.Peculiar. D.Stylish, 15.Which of the following will be most probably discussed following the last paragraph? A.Stunning views of the Shanghai skyline. B.The best places to view the seasonal spectacle. C.The walking path that hugs the Huangpu River. D.Must-try dishes and food items typical of Shanghai. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上海这个城 市的生活及它的风景。 12. 解析；推理判断题。根据第二段的“For some, this energy is defined by the way of life—Shanghai is a city that never sleeps.”和第三段的“Shanghai's ubiquitous delivery people can be found on the roads even past midnight, rushing from point to point on their trusty electric scooters to satiate the hunger of night owls.”可知， 上海是个不夜城，即使到了午夜依然很活跃。第三段中提 到送货员的例子是为了表明上海这个城市的活力。故 选B。 13.B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“One of the best places to get an overview of these surreal contrasts is none other than the tallest building in the city—the Shanghai Tower in Lujiazui,(要一览这种超现实的反差，最好的地方莫过于上海最高的建筑—陆家嘴的上海中心大厦。)”可知，上海中心大厦的设计体现了一种对比。故选B。 14.D 解析：词义猜测题。根据上文的“Here, charming neoclassical architecture and art deco structures stand alongside modern buildings with shimmering glass and metal facades, rustic lane houses and shikumen buildings.” 可知，这里的建筑都是古典建筑和现代建筑并立，因此可 推测出，看起来很过时不起眼的夹妻店，经常可以在旁边 找到现代的时尚餐饮。因此，hip意为“时尚的”。故选D。 15.B 解析：推理判断题。最后一段主要介绍了秋天是徒步 体验上海的最佳时间，不仅因为天气有利于步行，还因为 这时许多地区的道路和人行道上覆盖着一层多彩的落叶。 由此可推断出，接下来的一段应该介绍去欣赏上海秋天美 景的最佳地点。故选B。 【知识补充】 1.infectious adj.有影响力的，有感染力的 2.epicenter n.中心 3.ubiquitous adj.普遍存在的 4.friction n.分歧，摩擦 5.shimmering adj.闪烁的，微微发亮的 6.venue n.场地，场馆 7.surreal adj.超现实主义的 8.marvel n.奇 迹 9.conducive adj.有益于 10.be busting with繁忙的；熙熙攘攘的 11.cosmopolitan city国际大都市 12.neoclassical architecture新占典主义建筑 【长难句分析】 Be it from the mouths of foreigners who have lived here for a few years or from stories on travel websites,one of the most common qualities that people list about Shanghai is the infectious energy that courses through the city.(第一段) 句意：无论是从在这里生活了几年的外国人口中，还是旅游网 站上的故事，人们列出的关于上海最常见的特点之一是这座 城市充满了富有感染性的活力。 分析：本句为复合句，句中含有三个定语从句，分别是who 引 导的定语从句，限定foreigners, who 在定语从句中作主语； that 引导的that people list about Shanghai,其先行词为 common qualities, that在从句中作宾语；that 引导的 that courses through the city,其先行词为energy, that 在从句中作主语。 二、七选五 体裁 主题 词数 难度 说明文 人与自然——自然生态 286 ★★ Walking in the city is very different from walking in the park. A small psychology study suggests urban environments can slow your step and possibly increase your mental load. 1 It can ease your mind and quicken your pace.The findings show that natural settings may potentially reduce cognitive (认知的 )tiredness and improve reaction times straight away. 2 The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people's way of walking and cognitive load. During this trial, participants were fitted with sensors and a dozen motion control cameras were set up to watch them repeatedly walk down a 15- metre room at their natural speed.The wall opposite them showed an image of either a nature scene or a city scene. 3 On the whole,when walking in city settings,people reported that they felt more uncomfortable and they walked at a slower pace,indicating a higher cognitive load. 4 In the trial,participants were asked to distinguish between basic visual shapes on the computer while also in the presence of a natural or urban image(the same ones from the first experiment). Measuring reaction times in both natural and urban settings, the team found results to support their idea.In urban environments, participants were slower in distinguishing between simple shapes. 5 Our brains take longer to process.However,more research is needed to prove that idea. A.Nature influences us in many ways. B.The second dug into some higher-level cognitive processes. C.A walk through nature does the opposite,though. D.They said they couldn't concentrate properly after walking. E.After each,participants were asked to rate their discomfort. F,The reason is that urban environments are more distracting. G. The study includes two experiments with two different approaches. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在城市里散 步和在公园里散步不一样，并做研究讲述散步的重要性。 1.C 解析：设空句处于段中，该段第一句提到城里散步不同 于公园散步，紧接着阐明城里散步的研究结果，那么接下来 应提到“在自然中散步”的情况。故选C。 2.G 解 析：根据全文以及第二段第一句可知，设空处需要一 个概括这两个实验的句子。故选G。 3.E 解 析 ：根据此段对第一个实验的描述，特别是“Io watch them repeatedly...natural speed”,以及空后句中的“people reported that ...uncomfortable”可知，参与者被要求报告他 们在两种环境下的不舒适度。故选E。 4,B 解析：根据第一段段尾和第二段段首“The first of . cognitive load,”对两个实验的提及可以推断出这里讲的是第二个实验，“higher-level cognitive”是解题的关键信息，和第一个实验构成递进关系。故选B。 5.F 解析：空处是对参与者在两种环境下散步产生差异性的分析。F 选项描述了原因。故选F。 【知识点补充】 1.load n.负荷 2.quicken v.加快；鼓舞；使复苏 3.potentially adv.可能地，潜在地 【长难句分析】On the whole, when walking in city settings, people reported that they felt more uncomfortable and they walked at a slower pace, indicating a higher cognitive load.(第 二段最后一句) 句意：总体而言，当人们在城市环境中行走时，他们报告说他 们感觉更不舒服，走路速度更慢，这表明他们的认知负荷 更高。 分析；when 引导状语从句，省略主语和be, 主 句 中 含 有 that引导的宾语从句，indicating.…是现在分词短语作伴随 状语 。 三、完形填空 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 记叙文 人与自我——做人与做事 261 ★★★ I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as as Paul — he 2 me.I don't know how many people would have done that;they would have 3 their agents or the studio powers. The friendship that 4 the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its 5 in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of 6 and live TV. We 7 craft (技艺) and focused on 8 the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the 9 and virtues that are 10 of American actors:humorous,aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying 11 . Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen. We shared the 12 that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should 13 something back — he with his Newman's Own food for kids in need, and me with Sundance.Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at 14 . I last saw him a few months ago.He'd been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was,and we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of 15 . 1.A.handsome B.famous C.tall D.smart 2.A.supported B.sponsored C.envied D.declined 3.A.attended to B.turned to C.listened to D.appealed to 4.A.was ruined by B.was restored by C.was valued for D.was developed from 5.A.resource B.meaning C.root D.motivation 6.A.theater B.dance C.music D.sports 7.A.admitted B.learned C.respected D.grasped 8.A.arguing about B.approving of C.running into D.digging into 9.A.responsibilities B.qualities C.reliabilities D.capacities 10.A.unique B.ordinary C.fundamental D.typical 11.A.sympathy B.inspiration C.affection D.willingness 12.A.goal B.belief C.standard D.experience 13.A.put B.take C.give D.bring 14.A.screens B.events C.parties D.concerts 15.A.actions B.promises C.messages D.words 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与 Paul Newman之间的友情，当工作室不想让“我”参与拍电影 时 ，Paul Newman站起来为“我”说话，因此我们建立了友谊。 在此以后的很多年，两人一直相互扶持，相互鼓励。 1.B 解析：根据上文“I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill,the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid introduced us in New York City.”推知， Paul当时是比较有名气的。故选B。 2.A 解析：根据下文“I don't know how many people would have done that”并结合上文工作室不让作者出演推知，Paul支持作者。故选A。 3.C 解析：根据“I don't know how many people would have done that”可知，Paul做了和其他人不一样的事，由此推知，很多人都会听从经纪人或工作室中有权利的人的话。故 选C。 4.D 解析：根据“The friendship”和“the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later”可知，此处是指作者 和Paul 的 友 谊 是 从 拍 摄 Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid和The Sting这两部电影的经历中发展而来的。故选D。 5.C 解析：根据“although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of 6 and live TV”可知，这 是作者和Paul 友谊的根源。故选C。 5.A 解析：呼应下文“live TV”此处指戏剧(theater) 。故 选 A。 1.C 解析：根据上文“we both came from a tradition of 6 and live TV”可知，作者和Paul都尊重技艺。故选C。 1.D 解析：根据“characters we were going to play”并结合作 者 和Paul的为人可知，他们都会钻研自己即将表演的角色。故选D。 9.B 解析：根据“humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other”可知，此处是指他们作为演员的品质。故选B。 10.D 解析：结合常识可知，幽默、好斗、互相取笑，但总是带 着潜在的情感是美国演员典型的品格。故选D。 11.C 解析：根据“humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other”和表示转折意义的but可知，除了幽默、好斗、互相取笑，他们总是带着潜在的情感，即他们之间深厚的 友谊。故选C。 12.B 解析：根据下文“he with his Newman's own food for kids in need, and me with Sundance.”可知，取得成功后回 馈社会是他们共同的信念。故选B。 13.A 解析：根据“he with his Newman's Own food for kids in need,and me with Sundance.”可知，此处指回馈社会，put something back 符合语境。故选A。 14.B 解析；根据“showing up” 可知，此处是指出现在以对方 为主的活动中，表示支持。故选B。 15.D 解析：根据上文“He and I both knew what the.dcal was,and we didn't talk about it.”可知，作者和Paul的情 谊深厚，他们的友谊不需要过多的语言。故选D。 四、语法填空 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 说明文 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 206 ★★★ Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China were added to UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on November 29th. This unique culture, 1 (compose) of knowledge, skills and practices concerning management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, and the processing, drinking and sharing of tea, is the 43rd entry from China on the list, whose total tops all other countries. The tea that 2 (appeal)to the world for thousands of years finally received top-level global 3 (recognize)as a shared cultural treasure of mankind. According to UNESCO, in China traditional tea processing techniques are 4 (close) associated with geographical location and natural environment, resulting 5 six categories in China— green, black, yellow, oolong, white and dark. 6 an official document explained,tea is a fundamental cultural element to Chinese people's daily life. Practices of greeting guests with tea and building good relationships through tea-related activities 7 (share) among multiple ethnic groups, and provide 8 sense of identity and continuity for communities, groups and 9 (individual) concerned. In China,it is reported that over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities have set up majors in tea science or tea culture,with over 3,000 graduates 10 (specialize)in tea production and art every year. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。中国传统茶叶加工工艺及 其相关习俗被列入了联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产 代表作名录。 1.composed 解析：考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所 以用非谓语动词形式。culture与 compose 之间是被动关 系，所以用过去分词。故填composed。 2.has appealed 解 析 ：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时，先行词 that 指代名词The tea,在从句中作主语，从句中助动词应 用has。故 填 has appealed。 3.recognition 解析：考查名词。形容词global后接名词形 式。故填 recognition。 4.closely 解析：考查副词。修饰动词短语 be associated with,用副词，作状语。故填closely。 5.in 解析：考查介词。固定短语result in”导致”。故填in。 6.As 解析：考查定语从句。句意：正如一份官方文件所解 释的那样，茶是中国人日常生活的基本文化元素。as引出 非限定性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明。as 有“正如……,就像……”之意。故填As。 7.are shared 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。陈述客观事 实，用一般现在时。主语activities 与 share 之间为动宾关 系，所以用被动语态。故填arc shared。 8.a 解析：考杏冠词。固定短语a sense of“一种……感觉”。 故填a。 9.individuals 解 析 ：考查名词的数。名词 individual为可数 名词，根据并列名词communities 和groups 可知，用名词的复数形式。故填 individuals。 10.specializing 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，这里为 with 的复合结构。介词 with 后宾语ovcr 3,000 graduates与 specialize之间为主谓关系，所以用现 在分词作宾语补足语。故填specializing。 五、应用文写作 假定你是李华。上周末，你们学校组织了一次“干农活”的实践 活动。请给英国笔友 Jackson 写一封信分享你参加本次活动的经 历。 内容包括：1.活动过程； 2.活动感受。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dear Jackson, Yours sincerely, Li Hua One possible version: Dear Jackson, I am genuinely delighted to tell you of a “Going Farming” activity organized by our school last weekend. We set off for the Sunshine Farm at 8:00 a.m. on Sunday . On arrival, some experienced volunteers gave brief introduction of the life circle of cherry tomatoes, before proceeding to show us how to harvest them. Then we joined the farmers and picked up lovely cherry tomatoes joyfully. We were given opportunities to taste their flavors, which greatly satisfied our appetite. Through the activity,not only did I realize the value of physical labour,but also I experienced the happiness of harvest, I do hope you have the chance to take part in such a rewarding activity. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 六、读后续写 体裁 主题语境 词数 难度 记叙文 人与自我——生活与学习 345 ★★★ 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之 构成一篇完整的短文。 One day when I was 12,my mother gaveme an order:I was to walk to the public library,and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem—inability to read. In the library, I found my way into the“Children's Room”. I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my beagle. There on the book's cover was a beagle which looked identical to my dog. I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover. My eyes ran across the title, “Amos, the Beagle with a Plan”. Unknowingly, I had read the title. Without opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer. Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos. I read very, very slowly with difficulty. Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home. That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were,in my mind, running together. When I finished my reading, a stream of tears ran down my cheeks. It was until then that I realized I had overcome my inability to read. Thus, this was the very first book for me that I had read through and deeply immersed in real sense. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 My mother's call returned me to the real world.I suddenly realized something: Last year,my mother was so proud that I was rewarded a PhD in literature. One possible version: My mother's call returned me to the real world. I suddenly realized something: Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them. From then on, I kept going to the library more often, In the library, I was exposed to different types of books: detective, stories, love stories, poems and so on. My mother encouraged me to spend time doing my favorite thing. Day by day, I finally succeeded in overcoming my inability to read. Moreover, I began to write some stories by myself. When I went to university, I chose literature as my major. Last year, my mother was so proud that I was rewarded a PhD in literature. I never told my mother about my “miraculous experience that summer, which raised my interest in books and also gave me a specific direction in the days that followed. Obviously, it was the very first book —“Amos, the Beagle with a Plan”—that made me what I am today. This year, I began writing my first book on the topic of my beagle. I hope it could be my lifelong career. 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$