精品解析：北京市海淀区2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题

海淀区2024—2025学年第一学期期中练习 高三英语 本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 It’s 4:30 a. m. and the lights are blazing at Food Forward’s warehouse. Forklifts whiz around the loading dock, pulling pallets of donated strawberries off one truck or pushing boxes of potatoes onto another headed to ____1____ people later in the day. Everything moves fast at Food Forward — a nonprofit devoted to giving away agricultural products that would ____2____ be wasted. Food Forward started 15 years ago. When wandering through his neighborhood, Rick Nahmias noticed all the ____3____ fruit on the trees and considered how he could make the best of them. “Why not give them to those in need?” Then Nahmias put an ad online, asking for volunteers to help him pick unwanted fruit for donation. Six people responded, but only one ____4____ at the first event. He persisted, and slowly, an initial core group formed. For the next ni ne months they’d gather on weekends, picking fruit and ____5____ them to local food banks. In October 2009, Nahmias was offered a $25,000 grant, enabling their weekend “fun” to become regular, which eventually contributed to a sustainable ____6____. Thus Food Forward was established. The nonprofit quickly expanded, collecting not only unwanted residential fruit but also millions of pounds of unsold ____7____ from farmers markets and wholesale sellers. In 2023, it ____8____ 87 million pounds to feed the starving people. Today, Food Forward has 50 employees and 2,000 volunteers. People want to work here. Every morning, warehouse manager, drivers and vendors greet each other by name, usually with handshakes that end in hugs. This kind of ____9____ is a large part of why Food Forward has been so successful. “_____10_____ the abundance” is not just a slogan; it’s a way of life. We all have abundance; we just need to find out what it is, and give it. 1. A. needy B. willing C. demanding D. greedy 2. A. then B. instead C. otherwise D. still 3. A. fresh B. unpicked C. unripe D. tasty 4. A. set off B. pulled in C. missed out D. showed up 5. A. showing B. selling C. delivering D. recommending 6. A. investment B. plan C. lifestyle D. organization 7 A. meals B. produce C. clothing D. materials 8. A. grew B. ordered C. traded D. distributed 9. A. credit B. procedure C. relationship D. strategy 10. A. Share B. Harvest C. Create D. Keep 第二节(共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Yan Qianqian, a 29-year-old Zhuang woman from Guangxi, returned to her hometown after working at an airport for five years. In 2021, together with her father, she founded an agricultural company to produce pickled bamboo shoots, ____11____ is an essential ingredient for the popular Luosifen rice noodles. For years, she ____12____ (work) with experts from local universities to improve the traditional making methods of the pickled bamboo shoots with modern technologies. Yan hopes more young people will join her in helping villagers increase income and revitalize various ____13____ (industry) in rural areas. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Many universities are concerned about students using artificial intelligence. However, Oxford University has told undergraduates they can use it with essays as long as they do not rely on it ____14____ facts since AI can sometimes make mistakes. Students have been advised to use AI to organize their thoughts while ____15____ (create) drafts of essays. Last year, the students of economics and management at Oxford University ____16____ (require) to use AI to generate essays, but normal rules about plagiarism (抄袭) still applied. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Learning to refuse is an act of self-love. Just like a garden needs pruning (修剪) to flourish, our lives need boundary-setting____17____ (progress). Think of saying no as the act of removing the weeds that limit our personal ____18____ (grow). By saying no, we are reclaiming our autonomy. We teach people how to treat us by _____19_____ we allow and where we stop. When ____20____ (invite) to a party we do not feel comfortable attending, we can say no. It does not mean rejecting friendship but rather communicating our limits. 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题； 每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A VolunteerMatch helps you effect positive change. You get passionate and highly qualified volunteers matched with the right cause at the right moment. Our software solution automates workflow and repetitive tasks such as posting and reposting volunteer opportunities. It’s fast, easy-to-use and effective. Join the largest volunteer network in three steps: 1. claim your organization 2. create a personal profile 3. add volunteer opportunities Claim your organization and take advantage of our full suite of member benefits, designed to help you save time and easily recruit (招募) and manage volunteers. Pro Membership Benefits Save time and report opportunities with one click. Streamline your communication and automatically send custom greetings, questionnaires and documents to potential volunteers. ✔Refresh your opportunities with One Click Reposting ✔Communicate easily with volunteer engagement tools ✔ Boost recruitment with access to exclusive marketing opportunities ✔Grow your skillset with access to Pro resource library ✔Showcase your opportunities on your website with embeddable code ✔Store more photos to enhance your opportunities What nonprofits are saying about VolunteerMatch “It’s a portal for volunteers to connect with the nonprofits, and in a way, it’s its own search engine specifically for volunteer opportunities.” “When thinking about all the places we could post online to find interested volunteers,VolunteerMatch was one place we absolutely wanted to have a presence.” 21. VolunteerMatch can help ________ . A. create a personal profile B. select the working procedures C. undertake repetitive tasks D. improve the qualification of volunteers 22. Pro members of VolunteerMatch can ________ . A. edit documents with one click B. start marketing events C. store more volunteer photos D. interact easily with candidates 23. Who is the passage intended for? A. Nonprofit recruiters. B. Search engine engineers. C. Enthusiastic volunteers. D. Workflow automation developers. B It was a September afternoon. The air was thick and warm, and by the time my dad and I reached the cove, which we called a swimming palace, my clothes were damp and itchy on my skin. Dad swam nearby a cove, diving into a splash of front crawl, heading out toward the edge of our narrow bay. Overwhelmed, suddenly, with envy, I did what I hadn’t done in years: I held my breath and pulled my own head underwater. There, suspended beneath the glimmering surface, I remembered it all. My love of diving, swimming, rivers and lakes. I felt the cold ocean’s press on my cheeks and my eyelids, and knew what it was like again: to be free and fully present in my own skin. Though I’ve always loved the water, I had spent seven years prior to that day staying away from moments like this one. I was afraid. Struggling for a long time with chronic acne and unhelpful treatments, and the pressures of teenage girls’ appearance, I had become entirely reliant on my makeup. I needed total control over how I looked, and going swimming meant washing this control away. My bare face and natural appearance were not something I identified with. I hated it, deeply, though I wished more than anything that I didn’t. But those 10 minutes of contentment I floated within — the muffled quiet of the underwater world — were fuel for the next chapter of my life. This would be my yardstick. Suddenly, it didn’t matter how I did it. Whether through medication or mental attitude, I would find a way to have the kind of life that allowed me to dive into the water whenever it called. That day was the beginning of a slow but determined journey back to my own body — a slow unlearning of my deep self-consciousness. Life didn’t change in a heartbeat: I returned to the shore with all the same fears but I clothed myself in a new determination to change things. I felt the tide turn. Reflecting on this moment again today, it seems strange to think that going bare-faced on an empty beach was such a challenge. But this is exactly the perspective I had once dreamed of reaching. I do my best never to take for granted this freedom I have found. To pay attention, each time I sink under the surface of the water, embracing that swell of fear and joy and liberation. 24. The author avoided swimming for seven years because________. A. she had no access to the cove. B. she had to receive treatments. C she hated to reapply her makeup. D. she felt insecure without makeup. 25. How did the author feel after she returned from the diving? A. Hesitant. B. Resolved. C. Proud. D. Joyful. 26. What can we learn from this passage? A. You can’t judge a book by its cover. B. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. C. Self-acceptance is the greatest gift. D. Nothing is difficult to a willing heart. C For decades, scientists hypothesized that cognitively demanding tasks, such as writing or solving math problems, require more energy than easier tasks like scrolling short videos on the phone or looking out of the window. However, recent research proves the view wrong. Our brains perform massively complex and metabolically costly computations all day long. “Whether you’ re engaged in a cognitively demanding task at work, or you’ re staring off into space, your brain is using roughly the same amount of energy,” says neuroscientist Todd Braver of Washington University in St. Louis. In fact, what feels more challenging is when a task requires the brain to go against its usual habits. Cognitively demanding work often requires the coordination (协作) of many different brain regions in novel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire together. Studies have found that pushing against our brain’s habits triggers an emotional response, making us feel uncomfortable. “It’s aversive, and it just feels bad,” says Michael Inzlicht, a psychologist from the University of Toronto. But he points out that emotional responses are subjective: They are interpretations of sensations in our bodies and brains. And we can influence how much we pay attention to these sensations and even how we interpret them. We often overestimate the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to procrastinate, or even avoid the task altogether. Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’ re more likely to choose to do hard things. Performing complex mental tasks will also be less painful if the exertion of mental effort is habitized. When we don’t have to make a decision to focus every day, we will save ourselves considering the costs or consequences. To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. Add a ritual before the work starts, such as turning off the phone and launching an app to block distracting websites. After a few weeks, concentrating deeply won’t just feel easier; it will actually be easier. 27. People may feel certain cognitive task demanding because of ________. A. more brain energy consumption B. the complexity of computations C. the higher level of difficulty D. new coordination of brain parts 28. The author quotes the 2020 study mainly to ________ . A. support a solution B. present a case C. analyze the causes D. challenge an assumption 29. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Overestimation promotes efficiency. B. Personal perception determines motivation. C. Focusing on rewards enhances performance. D. Brain counteraction triggers positive emotions. 30. Which of the following can make mental work feel easier? A. Receiving continuous support when feeling down. B. Seeking professional help when meeting a deadline. C. Reading thick literary classics for twenty minutes daily. D. Breaking down a challenging project into smaller tasks. D Science should guide policy, but caution is needed when technologies like CRISPR have the potential to exclude rather than assist people to live their lives. CRISPR can be used to treat disease. Yet the far-reaching more worrying promise of this technology — one about which scientists seem at once excited and cautious — lies in its ability to eliminate from the gene pool what medical science identifies as faulty or abnormal genes that cause difference in individual people. Certainly, goes the logic of CRISPR’s promise, the goal of ridding future generations of terrible diseases that cause suffering and death and exhaust resources, seems an unquestionable enterprise. This logic is consistent with wider societal views. The idea that ridding society of genetic differences that count as defect (缺陷) is an undeniable “good” continues to be pervasive. Editing out a gene-linked condition, supporters may argue, is different from editing out a person, and curing disease is a good thing. But our genetic conditions are not simply entities that can be clipped away from us and our genetic conditions form a fundamental part of who we are. Using genome manipulation tools and performing genetic selection is equal to a new form of eugenic (优生学的) thinking grounded in what the communications studies scholar James L. Chemey calls “common sense” ableism, a belief system that allows people to simultaneously deny any commitment to distasteful eugenic principles while also holding them up. Ultimately, “common sense” ableism embodies a similar goal of cleansing unacceptable human variations that the campaigns to eliminate the supposedly inferior have held in the past. People with “bad” genes shouldn’t be edited out of existence in some version of a utopian (乌托邦的) future. Evaluating the quality of life of another person is morally questionable in a society based on the concept that all people are of equal value regardless of their individual differences. Expanding diversity in all its forms, including disability, strengthens the human community ethically and biologically because it opens the public and private sphere to a variety of perspectives, experiences and ideas to live together with mutual flourishing. Genome editing is powerful in reshaping medical treatments, but it can also be harmful by editing out the kinds of people that medical science, and the society it has shaped, categorize as diseased or genetically contaminated — people who are understood as having bad genes. We should be reminded that bad genes don’t necessarily lead to bad lives, just as good genes don’t necessarily lead to good lives. If CRISPR is put to use to eliminate rather than to treat genetic difference, we as a society would essentially instrumentalize this moralistic and reductionist assumption. 31. According to the author, CRISPR is________. A. a necessary evil in treating severe diseases B. a questionable tool for removing faulty genes C. a promising technology to conserve resources D. a logical approach to improving human genetics 32. The author discusses “common sense” ableism in Paragraph 4 to________. A. compare genetic selection to eugenic thinking B. trace the evolution of genetic selection in history C. offer an example of campaigns to remove bad genes D. reveal the root of the societal view on genetic differences 33. What does the underlined part in the last sentence mean? A. People need to adopt more simplified solutions. B. The society should apply CRISPR into other fields. C. This belief might be widely practiced in the society. D. The technology will be used to create a utopian future. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. The Dark Side of CRISPR B. In the Wake of Genetic Selection C. In Defense of Our Bad Genes D. The Promise and Price of Gene Editing 第二节(共5小题； 每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Being a sports fan can be a rollercoaster ride. Incredible highs if you win, depressing lows if you don’t, and lots of stressful feelings in between. Thankfully, the overall impact should be a positive one because research has shown that people who watch sports experience greater wellbeing than those who don’t. ___35___ Research carried out by Anglia Ruskin University has found that people who attended a live sporting event in the last year are more satisfied with their lives and are less lonely than people who have not. ___36___ Research has shown that people who watch sports on TV or on the internet are also less depressed than those who don’t. ___37___ We seek connection through the formation of in-groups: communities of people with whom we share something in common. These communities form part of our identities, and through them we find social and emotional support. An example of in-group formation is the community we share with people who support the same sports teams as us. Through our shared social identity, we also share the social and emotional benefits of successes among our group. ___38___ However, when our team loses, we are more likely to distance ourselves from our team to protect ourselves from negative social and psychological consequences: “cutting off reflected failure”. The role of social processes linking sports spectatorship and wellbeing is demonstrated by researchers. They found that areas of the brain associated with psychological rewards were more active when participants watched sports where fans bond through shared experiences like cheering for the team. ___39___ Whether you support your team at the game or from home, you can enjoy the highs and lows of being a sports fan. As long as you’re sharing that experience with others, it’s good for you. A. People are more active when watching baseball or football. B. This is probably linked to the social aspects of watching sports. C. The positive effect of watching sports is likely about social identity. D. Watching sports on TV or online can also be good for one’s wellbeing. E. People with higher wellbeing have better physical health and live longer. F. That’s why people gain greater mental benefits when watching football than golf. G. Researchers at KU Leuven have comically named this “bathing in reflected glory”. 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 I smile as soon as I am greeted by the barista (咖啡师) who knows my name and order. As I head to a table, latte in hand, I feel a lightness in my step. This is a feeling you might experience in your daily life as well. Chances are, there are people you come into contact with daily, who you may not know well but can put a smile on your face. People like this are called “consequential strangers”. They could be the neighbor you chat to or even the person you regularly make small talk with at the gym. Typically, our lives feature many consequential strangers. We may only know some of them for a short time, whereas others may become longstanding parts of our lives. Like me, counsellor Tina Chummun has found that the barista she sees regularly is an important consequential stranger to her. “I trust the feedback from the barista because she has a completely different perspective of me,” she explains. Consequential strangers can give us a space to talk about things that perhaps we don’t with other people in our lives, and to hear alternative perspectives. These interactions are emotionally beneficial as well: the consequential strangers in my life not only help me feel a stronger sense of belonging to my community but also help with loneliness. And some of these connections could potentially become supportive relationships we can turn to for help. “There are many ways that you can approach strangers and start conversations,” says Tina. “If you’re at a train station waiting for a train, you can strike up a conversation about how annoying the delay is.” You may find that this brings you into a fuller conversation, but even if you only have a fleeting exchange with someone, this is a great way to build your confidence. Of course, not every consequential stranger is going to become a good friend and that’s OK. Still, they are a valuable part of your life, able to make you smile and feel a sense of connection. And that in itself is well worth celebrating. 40. What kind of people does the term “consequential strangers” refer to? _________________________________________________________ 41. How do consequential strangers contribute to the author’s emotional well-being? _________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Having consequential strangers is well worth celebrating as they are going to become your good friends. _________________________________________________________ 43. Write about one of your consequential strangers and how he/she influences you.( In about 40 words) _________________________________________________________ 第二节(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友 Jim所在的学校正在征集“智慧校园”方案。他打算参与这项活动，来信询问你的建议。请你给 Jim回信，内容包括： 1. 你建议； 2. 说明理由。 提示词: 智慧校园 smart campus 注意: 1. 词数100左右; 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 海淀区2024—2025学年第一学期期中练习 高三英语 本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 It’s 4:30 a. m. and the lights are blazing at Food Forward’s warehouse. Forklifts whiz around the loading dock, pulling pallets of donated strawberries off one truck or pushing boxes of potatoes onto another headed to ____1____ people later in the day. Everything moves fast at Food Forward — a nonprofit devoted to giving away agricultural products that would ____2____ be wasted. Food Forward started 15 years ago. When wandering through his neighborhood, Rick Nahmias noticed all the ____3____ fruit on the trees and considered how he could make the best of them. “Why not give them to those in need?” Then Nahmias put an ad online, asking for volunteers to help him pick unwanted fruit for donation. Six people responded, but only one ____4____ at the first event. He persisted, and slowly, an initial core group formed. For the next ni ne months they’d gather on weekends, picking fruit and ____5____ them to local food banks. In October 2009, Nahmias was offered a $25,000 grant, enabling their weekend “fun” to become regular, which eventually contributed to a sustainable ____6____. Thus Food Forward was established. The nonprofit quickly expanded, collecting not only unwanted residential fruit but also millions of pounds of unsold ____7____ from farmers markets and wholesale sellers. In 2023, it ____8____ 87 million pounds to feed the starving people. Today, Food Forward has 50 employees and 2,000 volunteers. People want to work here. Every morning, warehouse manager, drivers and vendors greet each other by name, usually with handshakes that end in hugs. This kind of ____9____ is a large part of why Food Forward has been so successful. “_____10_____ the abundance” is not just a slogan; it’s a way of life. We all have abundance; we just need to find out what it is, and give it. 1. A. needy B. willing C. demanding D. greedy 2. A. then B. instead C. otherwise D. still 3. A. fresh B. unpicked C. unripe D. tasty 4. A. set off B. pulled in C. missed out D. showed up 5. A. showing B. selling C. delivering D. recommending 6. A. investment B. plan C. lifestyle D. organization 7. A. meals B. produce C. clothing D. materials 8. A. grew B. ordered C. traded D. distributed 9. A. credit B. procedure C. relationship D. strategy 10. A. Share B. Harvest C. Create D. Keep 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Rick Nahmias成立非营利组织Food Forward，把那些原本会浪费的农产品送给有需要的人。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：叉车在装卸码头上呼啸而过，从一辆卡车上卸下捐赠的草莓托盘，或将一箱箱土豆推到另一辆车上，当天晚些时候运往有需要的人手中。A. needy贫困的，缺乏生活必需品的；B. willing愿意的；C. demanding苛求的；D. greedy贪婪的。由下文“those in need”和“feed the starving people”可知，这里指把这些农产品给“缺乏生活必需品的”人，即有需求的人。故选A项。 【2题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Food Forward是一家非营利组织，致力于捐赠原本会被浪费的农产品。A. then然后；B. instead相反；C. otherwise否则；D. still仍然。由下文“unwanted fruit”可知，这些都是不捐赠的话，“否则”就会被原主人抛弃浪费的农产品。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Rick Nahmias在附近闲逛时，他注意到树上所有未摘的水果，并考虑如何充分利用它们。A. fresh新鲜的；B. unpicked未摘过的；C. unripe未成熟的；D. tasty美味的。由下文“pick unwanted fruit”可知，这里指Rick Nahmias注意到树上所有“未摘的”，即主人不要的水果。故选B项。 【4题详解】 考查动词词组辨析。句意：六个人做出了回应，但只有一个人出现在第一次活动中。A. set off出发；B. pulled in吸引；C. missed out遗漏；D. showed up出现。由上文“Six people responded”以及but表转折可知，这里指但只有一个人“出现”帮忙。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个月里，他们会在周末聚会，摘水果并把它们送到当地的食品银行。A. showing显示；B. selling卖；C. delivering交付，运送；D. recommending推荐。由下文“to local food banks”以及语境可知，这里指把水果“运送”到当地的食品银行。故选C项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2009年10月，Nahmias获得了25000美元的资助，使他们的周末“乐趣”成为常态，最终促成了可持续发展的组织。 A. investment投资；B. plan计划；C. lifestyle生活方式；D. organization组织。由下文“Thus Food Forward was established”可知，这里指最终促成一个可持续发展的“组织”。故选D项。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该非营利组织迅速扩张，不仅收集了不需要的住宅水果，还从农贸市场和批发商那里收集了数百万磅未售出的农产品。A. meals餐；B. produce产品，农产品；C. clothing服装；D. materials材料。由上文“boxes of potatoes”，可知，该组织除了收水果，还收其它“农产品”。故选B项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2023年，它分发了8700万磅来养活饥饿的人们。A. grew长大；B. ordered命令；C. traded交易；D. distributed分配。由上文“Why not give them to those in need?”以及语境可知，这里指2023年该组织共“分配”很多农场品给需要的人。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种关系是Food Forward如此成功的重要原因。A. credit信用卡；B. procedure程序；C. relationship关系；D. strategy策略。由上文“Every morning, warehouse manager, drivers and vendors greet each other by name, usually with handshakes that end in hugs.”可知，这里指大家合作且和睦的“关系”是Food Forward成功的原因。故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“分享富足”不仅仅是一句口号；这是一种生活方式。我们都有富足；我们只需要找出它是什么，并分享它。 A. Share分享；B. Harvest收获；C. Create创建；D. Keep保持。由上文“pick unwanted fruit for donation”以及语境可知，这里指“分享”所富足的东西。故选A项。 第二节(共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Yan Qianqian, a 29-year-old Zhuang woman from Guangxi, returned to her hometown after working at an airport for five years. In 2021, together with her father, she founded an agricultural company to produce pickled bamboo shoots, ____11____ is an essential ingredient for the popular Luosifen rice noodles. For years, she ____12____ (work) with experts from local universities to improve the traditional making methods of the pickled bamboo shoots with modern technologies. Yan hopes more young people will join her in helping villagers increase income and revitalize various ____13____ (industry) in rural areas. 【答案】11. which 12. has been working##has worked 13. industries 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是来自广西的壮族女性Yan Qianqian放弃城市工作，返回家乡与父亲共同创办农业公司，利用现代技术改进传统腌制竹笋工艺，以生产作为螺蛳粉重要配料的腌制竹笋。 【11题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：2021年，她与父亲一同创立了一家农业公司，生产腌制竹笋，这些竹笋是螺蛳粉的配料。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词pickled bamboo shoots是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。 【12题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，她一直与当地大学的专家合作，用现代技术改进传统的腌笋制作方法。由For years可知，句子时态用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语she是单数，因此空格处是has been working/has worked。故填has been working/has worked。 【13题详解】 考查名词的复数。句意：Yan希望更多的年轻人能和她一起帮助村民增加收入，振兴农村地区的各种产业。由various可知，空格处用复数，industry的复数是industries，故填industries。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Many universities are concerned about students using artificial intelligence. However, Oxford University has told undergraduates they can use it with essays as long as they do not rely on it ____14____ facts since AI can sometimes make mistakes. Students have been advised to use AI to organize their thoughts while ____15____ (create) drafts of essays. Last year, the students of economics and management at Oxford University ____16____ (require) to use AI to generate essays, but normal rules about plagiarism (抄袭) still applied. 【答案】14. for 15. creating 16. were required 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是牛津大学对于学生使用人工智能（AI）撰写论文的态度和规定。 【14题详解】 考查介词。句意：然而，牛津大学告诉本科生，他们可以在论文中使用人工智能，只要他们不依赖它来获取事实，因为人工智能有时会犯错误。根据语境可知，句子表示“牛津大学告诉本科生，他们可以在论文中使用人工智能，只要他们不依赖它来获取事实”，rely on...for...是固定搭配，意为“依靠……来获取……”，因此空格处用介词for，故填for。 【15题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：学生们被建议在撰写论文草稿时使用人工智能来组织他们的想法。根据语境，while引导的时间状语从句表示“当学生们在撰写论文草稿时”，句子用现在进行时，主语Students是复数，因此while引导的从句是while they are creating drafts of essays，从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是creating。故填creating。 【16题详解】 考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：去年，牛津大学经济管理专业的学生被要求使用人工智能撰写论文，但有关抄袭的常规规则仍然适用。学生是被要求使用人工智能撰写论文，由Last year可知，句子描述过去的事情，因此句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语the students of economics and management at Oxford University是复数，因此空格处是were required。故填were required。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Learning to refuse is an act of self-love. Just like a garden needs pruning (修剪) to flourish, our lives need boundary-setting____17____ (progress). Think of saying no as the act of removing the weeds that limit our personal ____18____ (grow). By saying no, we are reclaiming our autonomy. We teach people how to treat us by _____19_____ we allow and where we stop. When ____20____ (invite) to a party we do not feel comfortable attending, we can say no. It does not mean rejecting friendship but rather communicating our limits. 【答案】17. to progress 18 growth 19. what 20. invited 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是学会拒绝的重要性及其对个人成长和自我爱护的积极影响。 【17题详解】 考查不定式。句意：就像花园需要修剪才能繁茂一样，我们的生活也需要设定界限才能进步。根据语境可知，句子表示“就像花园需要修剪才能繁茂一样，我们的生活也需要设定界限才能进步”，空格处用不定式表目的，故填to progress。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：把说“不”看作是清除限制我们个人成长的杂草的行为。personal是形容词，修饰名词，句子表示“把说“不”看作是清除限制我们个人成长的杂草的行为”，空格处意为“成长”，名词是growth，是不可数名词，故填growth。 【19题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：我们通过允许什么和在哪里止步来教会别人如何对待我们。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，句子表示“我们通过允许什么和在哪里止步来教会别人如何对待我们”，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句，故填what。 【20题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被邀请参加一个我们觉得不太舒服的聚会时，我们可以说不。when引导的时间状语从句表示“当我们被邀请参加一个我们觉得不太舒服的聚会时”，我们是被邀请，句子用被动语态，当状语从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，且含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句中的主语和be，此处相当于省略了we are，故填invited。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题； 每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A VolunteerMatch helps you effect positive change. You get passionate and highly qualified volunteers matched with the right cause at the right moment. Our software solution automates workflow and repetitive tasks such as posting and reposting volunteer opportunities. It’s fast, easy-to-use and effective. Join the largest volunteer network in three steps: 1. claim your organization 2. create a personal profile 3. add volunteer opportunities Claim your organization and take advantage of our full suite of member benefits, designed to help you save time and easily recruit (招募) and manage volunteers. Pro Membership Benefits Save time and report opportunities with one click. Streamline your communication and automatically send custom greetings, questionnaires and documents to potential volunteers. ✔Refresh your opportunities with One Click Reposting ✔Communicate easily with volunteer engagement tools ✔ Boost recruitment with access to exclusive marketing opportunities ✔Grow your skillset with access to Pro resource library ✔Showcase your opportunities on your website with embeddable code ✔Store more photos to enhance your opportunities What nonprofits are saying about VolunteerMatch “It’s a portal for volunteers to connect with the nonprofits and in a way, it’s its own search engine specifically for volunteer opportunities.” “When thinking about all the places we could post online to find interested volunteers,VolunteerMatch was one place we absolutely wanted to have a presence.” 21. VolunteerMatch can help ________ . A. create a personal profile B. select the working procedures C. undertake repetitive tasks D. improve the qualification of volunteers 22. Pro members of VolunteerMatch can ________ . A. edit documents with one click B. start marketing events C. store more volunteer photos D. interact easily with candidates 23. Who is the passage intended for? A. Nonprofit recruiters. B. Search engine engineers. C. Enthusiastic volunteers. D. Workflow automation developers. 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了VolunteerMatch平台如何帮助非营利组织高效地招募和管理志愿者，以及成为专业会员后可享受的各种福利。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Our software solution automates workflow and repetitive tasks such as posting and reposting volunteer opportunities. (我们的软件解决方案自动化了工作流程和重复性任务，例如发布和转发志愿者机会。)”可知，VolunteerMatch可以帮助自动处理重复的任务。故选C。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。由文章Pro Membership Benefits部分中“Streamline your communication and automatically send custom greetings, questionnaires and documents to potential volunteers. (简化您的沟通，并自动向潜在志愿者发送自定义问候语、问卷和文件)”可知，Pro会员可以轻松与候选人互动。故选D。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Join the largest volunteer network in three steps: (通过三步加入最大的志愿者网络：)”和第六段“Claim your organization and take advantage of our full suite of member benefits, designed to help you save time and easily recruit (招募) and manage volunteers (申请您的组织并享受我们全套的会员福利，这些福利旨在帮助您节省时间并轻松招募和管理志愿者。)”可知，这篇文章主要是为非营利组织的招聘人员准备的。故选A。 B It was a September afternoon. The air was thick and warm, and by the time my dad and I reached the cove, which we called a swimming palace, my clothes were damp and itchy on my skin. Dad swam nearby a cove, diving into a splash of front crawl, heading out toward the edge of our narrow bay. Overwhelmed, suddenly, with envy, I did what I hadn’t done in years: I held my breath and pulled my own head underwater. There, suspended beneath the glimmering surface, I remembered it all. My love of diving, swimming, rivers and lakes. I felt the cold ocean’s press on my cheeks and my eyelids, and knew what it was like again: to be free and fully present in my own skin. Though I’ve always loved the water, I had spent seven years prior to that day staying away from moments like this one. I was afraid. Struggling for a long time with chronic acne and unhelpful treatments, and the pressures of teenage girls’ appearance, I had become entirely reliant on my makeup. I needed total control over how I looked, and going swimming meant washing this control away. My bare face and natural appearance were not something I identified with. I hated it, deeply, though I wished more than anything that I didn’t. But those 10 minutes of contentment I floated within — the muffled quiet of the underwater world — were fuel for the next chapter of my life. This would be my yardstick. Suddenly, it didn’t matter how I did it. Whether through medication or mental attitude, I would find a way to have the kind of life that allowed me to dive into the water whenever it called. That day was the beginning of a slow but determined journey back to my own body — a slow unlearning of my deep self-consciousness. Life didn’t change in a heartbeat: I returned to the shore with all the same fears, but I clothed myself in a new determination to change things. I felt the tide turn. Reflecting on this moment again today, it seems strange to think that going bare-faced on an empty beach was such a challenge. But this is exactly the perspective I had once dreamed of reaching. I do my best never to take for granted this freedom I have found. To pay attention, each time I sink under the surface of the water, embracing that swell of fear and joy and liberation. 24. The author avoided swimming for seven years because________. A. she had no access to the cove. B. she had to receive treatments. C. she hated to reapply her makeup. D. she felt insecure without makeup. 25. How did the author feel after she returned from the diving? A. Hesitant. B. Resolved. C. Proud. D. Joyful. 26. What can we learn from this passage? A. You can’t judge a book by its cover. B. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. C. Self-acceptance is the greatest gift. D. Nothing is difficult to a willing heart. 【答案】24. D 25. B 26. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位女性因青少年时期的容貌焦虑而多年避免游泳，直到某次海边潜水的经历让她重拾对水的喜爱，并开始逐步克服自我意识过强的问题，学会接受真实的自己。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Struggling for a long time with chronic acne and unhelpful treatments, and the pressures of teenage girls’ appearance, I had become entirely reliant on my makeup. I needed total control over how I looked, and going swimming meant washing this control away. My bare face and natural appearance were not something I identified with. (长期以来，我一直在与慢性痤疮和无效的治疗作斗争，再加上十几岁女孩的外表压力，我已经完全依赖于我的化妆品。我需要完全控制自己的外表，而去游泳意味着把这种控制洗掉。)”可知，作者七年没有游泳是因为她没有化妆时感到不安全。故选D。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。由文章倒数第三段中“Suddenly, it didn’t matter how I did it. Whether through medication or mental attitude, I would find a way to have the kind of life that allowed me to dive into the water whenever it called. (突然间，我怎么做都不重要了。无论是通过药物治疗还是心理态度，我都会找到一种方法，让我的生活能够随时潜入水中。)”、倒数第二段“That day was the beginning of a slow but determined journey back to my own body — a slow unlearning of my deep self-consciousness. Life didn’t change in a heartbeat: I returned to the shore with all the same fears, but I clothed myself in a new determination to change things. I felt the tide turn. (那一天是我缓慢而坚定地回到自己身体的旅程的开始——我慢慢地忘记了我内心深处的自我意识。生活并没有瞬间改变：我带着同样的恐惧回到岸边，但我给自己披上了改变现状的新决心。我感到形势发生了变化。)”可知，作者潜水归来后感到更加坚定。故选B。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第三段中“Struggling for a long time with chronic acne and unhelpful treatments, and the pressures of teenage girls’ appearance, I had become entirely reliant on my makeup. I needed total control over how I looked, and going swimming meant washing this control away. (长期以来，我一直在与慢性痤疮和无效的治疗作斗争，再加上十几岁女孩的外表压力，我已经完全依赖于我的化妆品。我需要完全控制自己的外表，而去游泳意味着把这种控制洗掉。)”和倒数第二段“That day was the beginning of a slow but determined journey back to my own body — a slow unlearning of my deep self-consciousness. Life didn’t change in a heartbeat: I returned to the shore with all the same fears, but I clothed myself in a new determination to change things. I felt the tide turn. (那一天是我缓慢而坚定地回到自己身体的旅程的开始——我慢慢地忘记了我内心深处的自我意识。生活并没有瞬间改变：我带着同样的恐惧回到岸边，但我给自己披上了改变现状的新决心。我感到形势发生了变化。)”可知，本文讲述的是作者通过一次潜水经历逐渐学会了接受自己，不再过分在意外表的变化，从而找到了内心的自由和解放。因此，我们能从这篇文章中学到是选项C“Self-acceptance is the greatest gift. (自我接纳是最伟大的礼物)”。故选C。 C For decades, scientists hypothesized that cognitively demanding tasks, such as writing or solving math problems, require more energy than easier tasks like scrolling short videos on the phone or looking out of the window. However, recent research proves the view wrong. Our brains perform massively complex and metabolically costly computations all day long. “Whether you’ re engaged in a cognitively demanding task at work, or you’ re staring off into space, your brain is using roughly the same amount of energy,” says neuroscientist Todd Braver of Washington University in St. Louis. In fact, what feels more challenging is when a task requires the brain to go against its usual habits. Cognitively demanding work often requires the coordination (协作) of many different brain regions in novel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire together. Studies have found that pushing against our brain’s habits triggers an emotional response, making us feel uncomfortable. “It’s aversive, and it just feels bad,” says Michael Inzlicht, a psychologist from the University of Toronto. But he points out that emotional responses are subjective: They are interpretations of sensations in our bodies and brains. And we can influence how much we pay attention to these sensations and even how we interpret them. We often overestimate the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to procrastinate, or even avoid the task altogether. Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’ re more likely to choose to do hard things. Performing complex mental tasks will also be less painful if the exertion of mental effort is habitized. When we don’t have to make a decision to focus every day, we will save ourselves considering the costs or consequences. To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. Add a ritual before the work starts, such as turning off the phone and launching an app to block distracting websites. After a few weeks, concentrating deeply won’t just feel easier; it will actually be easier. 27. People may feel certain cognitive task demanding because of ________. A. more brain energy consumption B. the complexity of computations C. the higher level of difficulty D. new coordination of brain parts 28. The author quotes the 2020 study mainly to ________ . A. support a solution B. present a case C. analyze the causes D. challenge an assumption 29. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Overestimation promotes efficiency. B. Personal perception determines motivation. C. Focusing on rewards enhances performance. D. Brain counteraction triggers positive emotions. 30. Which of the following can make mental work feel easier? A. Receiving continuous support when feeling down. B. Seeking professional help when meeting a deadline. C. Reading thick literary classics for twenty minutes daily. D. Breaking down a challenging project into smaller tasks. 【答案】27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于认知任务与大脑能量消耗、习惯及注意力之间的关系，以及如何通过改变习惯和提高注意力来更轻松地完成认知任务。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In fact, what feels more challenging is when a task requires the brain to go against its usual habits. Cognitively demanding work often requires the coordination (协作) of many different brain regions in novel patterns, while silencing circuits that frequently fire together. (事实上，当一项任务要求大脑违背其通常的习惯时，就会感觉更具挑战性。认知要求高的工作往往需要许多不同的大脑区域以新的模式进行协调，同时使经常一起兴奋的神经回路沉默。)”可知，人们可能会觉得某些认知任务要求很高，是因为这些任务需要大脑各部分之间新的协调。故选D项。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。第四段首“Studies suggest that if we can get past that initial hurdle of starting a task, then thinking becomes easier. One way to do that is to pay attention to the benefits instead of the efforts required. (研究表明，如果我们能克服开始一项任务最初障碍，那么思考就会变得更容易。做到这一点的一种方法是关注收益，而不是需要付出的努力。)”提出解决问题的方案，根据下文“In a study published in the journal Science in 2020, Andrew Westbrook, a neuroscientist at Rutgers University, and his colleagues gave participants the choice of solving an easy memory puzzle for a small amount of money or a much harder puzzle for more money. The options were displayed on a screen, and participants’ eye movements were tracked as they decided which puzzle to attempt. When people spent more time looking at the reward for the challenging puzzle, they were more likely to choose it. If our mind’s eye, or our attentional focus, is on the benefits of an option, over time we’ re more likely to choose to do hard things. (在2020年发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究中，罗格斯大学的神经科学家安德鲁·韦斯特布鲁克和他的同事让参与者选择解决一个简单的记忆谜题来获得少量的钱，或者解决一个更难的谜题来获得更多的钱。这些选项显示在屏幕上，当参与者决定尝试哪个谜题时，他们的眼球运动被跟踪。当人们花更多时间观察挑战性谜题的奖励时，他们更有可能选择它。如果我们的大脑或注意力集中在一个选择的好处上，随着时间的推移，我们更有可能选择做困难的事情。)”可知，作者引用2020年的这一研究来说明段首提出的解决方案是可行，即关注好处可以促使我们选择去做困难的事情。故选A项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“We often overestimate the struggle and pain required to complete cognitive tasks. This initial overestimation can lead us to procrastinate, or even avoid the task altogether. (我们经常高估完成认知任务所需要经历的困难和痛苦。这种最初的高估会导致我们拖延，甚至完全避免这项任务。)”可推知，个人对认知任务的感知会影响其动力，即个人感知决定动力。故选B项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Performing complex mental tasks will also be less painful if the exertion of mental effort is habitized. When we don’t have to make a decision to focus every day, we will save ourselves considering the costs or consequences. To make cognitively demanding tasks a habit, try to do them every day at the same time and in the same place. (如果精神努力的付出成为一种习惯，那么执行复杂的脑力任务也不会那么痛苦。当我们不必每天都做出专注的决定时，我们就会省去考虑成本或后果的麻烦。为了让认知要求高的任务成为一种习惯，试着每天在同一时间、同一地点做这些事情。)”可知，让精神工作感觉更容易的方法就是让其成为习惯。故选C项。 D Science should guide policy, but caution is needed when technologies like CRISPR have the potential to exclude rather than assist people to live their lives. CRISPR can be used to treat disease. Yet the far-reaching, more worrying promise of this technology — one about which scientists seem at once excited and cautious — lies in its ability to eliminate from the gene pool what medical science identifies as faulty or abnormal genes that cause difference in individual people. Certainly, goes the logic of CRISPR’s promise, the goal of ridding future generations of terrible diseases that cause suffering and death and exhaust resources, seems an unquestionable enterprise. This logic is consistent with wider societal views. The idea that ridding society of genetic differences that count as defect (缺陷) is an undeniable “good” continues to be pervasive. Editing out a gene-linked condition supporters may argue, is different from editing out a person, and curing disease is a good thing. But our genetic conditions are not simply entities that can be clipped away from us and our genetic conditions form a fundamental part of who we are. Using genome manipulation tools and performing genetic selection is equal to a new form of eugenic (优生学的) thinking grounded in what the communications studies scholar James L. Chemey calls “common sense” ableism, a belief system that allows people to simultaneously deny any commitment to distasteful eugenic principles while also holding them up. Ultimately, “common sense” ableism embodies a similar goal of cleansing unacceptable human variations that the campaigns to eliminate the supposedly inferior have held in the past. People with “bad” genes shouldn’t be edited out of existence in some version of a utopian (乌托邦的) future. Evaluating the quality of life of another person is morally questionable in a society based on the concept that all people are of equal value regardless of their individual differences. Expanding diversity in all its forms, including disability, strengthens the human community ethically and biologically because it opens the public and private sphere to a variety of perspectives, experiences and ideas to live together with mutual flourishing. Genome editing is powerful in reshaping medical treatments, but it can also be harmful by editing out the kinds of people that medical science, and the society it has shaped, categorize as diseased or genetically contaminated — people who are understood as having bad genes. We should be reminded that bad genes don’t necessarily lead to bad lives, just as good genes don’t necessarily lead to good lives. If CRISPR is put to use to eliminate rather than to treat genetic difference, we as a society would essentially instrumentalize this moralistic and reductionist assumption. 31. According to the author, CRISPR is________. A. a necessary evil in treating severe diseases B. a questionable tool for removing faulty genes C. a promising technology to conserve resources D. a logical approach to improving human genetics 32. The author discusses “common sense” ableism in Paragraph 4 to________. A. compare genetic selection to eugenic thinking B. trace the evolution of genetic selection in history C. offer an example of campaigns to remove bad genes D. reveal the root of the societal view on genetic differences 33. What does the underlined part in the last sentence mean? A. People need to adopt more simplified solutions. B. The society should apply CRISPR into other fields. C. This belief might be widely practiced in the society. D. The technology will be used to create a utopian future. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. The Dark Side of CRISPR B. In the Wake of Genetic Selection C. In Defense of Our Bad Genes D. The Promise and Price of Gene Editing 【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了CRISPR基因编辑技术在治疗疾病的同时可能带来的社会伦理问题，特别是该技术可能导致排除遗传差异，从而影响社会多样性。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“CRISPR can be used to treat disease. Yet the far-reaching, more worrying promise of this technology — one about which scientists seem at once excited and cautious— lies in its ability to eliminate from the gene pool what medical science identifies as faulty or abnormal genes that cause difference in individual people. (CRISPR可以用于治疗疾病。然而，这项技术的深远、更令人担忧的前景——科学家们似乎既兴奋又谨慎——在于它有能力从基因库中消除医学认定的导致个体差异的缺陷或异常基因)”可知，作者认为CRISPR技术虽然有治疗疾病的能力，但也有删除基因池中有缺陷或异常基因的风险，这种做法是值得质疑的。故选B。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第四段“Using genome manipulation tools and performing genetic selection is equal to a new form of eugenic (优生学的) thinking grounded in what the communications studies scholar James L. Chemey calls “common sense” ableism, a belief system that allows people to simultaneously deny any commitment to distasteful eugenic principles while also holding them up. Ultimately, “common sense” ableism embodies a similar goal of cleansing unacceptable human variations that the campaigns to eliminate the supposedly inferior have held in the past. (使用基因组操作工具和进行基因选择等同于一种新的优生思维形式，其基础是传播研究学者James L. Chemey所说的“常识”残疾歧视，这是一种信仰体系，它允许人们在否认任何令人厌恶的优生原则的同时，也支持它们。最终，“常识性”残疾歧视体现了一个类似的目标，即清除不可接受的人类变异，这与过去消除所谓的劣等运动的目标类似)”可知，作者讨论“常识”残疾主义是为了揭示社会遗传差异观的根源。故选D。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章最后一段中“If CRISPR is put to use to eliminate rather than to treat genetic difference, we as a society would essentially instrumentalize this moralistic and reductionist assumption. (如果CRISPR被用于消除而不是治疗基因差异，我们作为一个社会，本质上是将这种道德主义和简化主义的假设工具化。)”可知，将这种道德主义和简化主义的假设工具化，暗示这种做法可能在社会上广泛实践。故选C。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Science should guide policy, but caution is needed when technologies like CRISPR have the potential to exclude rather than assist people to live their lives. (科学应该指导政策，但是当像CRISPR这样的技术有可能排斥而不是帮助人们过自己的生活时，就需要谨慎)”和最后一段中“Genome editing is powerful in reshaping medical treatments, but it can also be harmful by editing out the kinds of people that medical science, and the society it has shaped, categorize as diseased or genetically contaminated — people who are understood as having bad genes. We should be reminded that bad genes don’t necessarily lead to bad lives, just as good genes don’t necessarily lead to good lives. (基因组编辑在重塑医学治疗方面是强大的，但它也可能是有害的，因为它把医学及其塑造的社会归类为患病或基因污染的人——那些被认为有坏基因的人——剔除了。我们应该记住，坏的基因并不一定导致坏的生活，正如好的基因并不一定导致好的生活一样)”可知，本文主要讨论了CRISPR基因编辑技术在治疗疾病的同时可能带来的社会伦理问题，特别是该技术可能导致排除遗传差异，从而影响社会多样性。因此，选项A“The Dark Side of CRISPR(CRISPR的阴暗面)”最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 第二节(共5小题； 每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Being a sports fan can be a rollercoaster ride. Incredible highs if you win, depressing lows if you don’t, and lots of stressful feelings in between. Thankfully, the overall impact should be a positive one because research has shown that people who watch sports experience greater wellbeing than those who don’t. ___35___ Research carried out by Anglia Ruskin University has found that people who attended a live sporting event in the last year are more satisfied with their lives and are less lonely than people who have not. ___36___ Research has shown that people who watch sports on TV or on the internet are also less depressed than those who don’t. ___37___ We seek connection through the formation of in-groups: communities of people with whom we share something in common. These communities form part of our identities, and through them we find social and emotional support. An example of in-group formation is the community we share with people who support the same sports teams as us. Through our shared social identity, we also share the social and emotional benefits of successes among our group. ___38___ However, when our team loses, we are more likely to distance ourselves from our team to protect ourselves from negative social and psychological consequences: “cutting off reflected failure”. The role of social processes linking sports spectatorship and wellbeing is demonstrated by researchers. They found that areas of the brain associated with psychological rewards were more active when participants watched sports where fans bond through shared experiences like cheering for the team. ___39___ Whether you support your team at the game or from home, you can enjoy the highs and lows of being a sports fan. As long as you’re sharing that experience with others, it’s good for you. A. People are more active when watching baseball or football. B. This is probably linked to the social aspects of watching sports. C. The positive effect of watching sports is likely about social identity. D. Watching sports on TV or online can also be good for one’s wellbeing. E. People with higher wellbeing have better physical health and live longer. F. That’s why people gain greater mental benefits when watching football than golf. G Researchers at KU Leuven have comically named this “bathing in reflected glory”. 【答案】35. B 36. D 37. C 38. G 39. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是观看体育比赛对人们幸福感的积极影响。 【35题详解】 空前“Thankfully, the overall impact should be a positive one because research has shown that people who watch sports experience greater wellbeing than those who don’t.(值得庆幸的是，整体影响应该是积极的，因为研究表明，看体育比赛的人比不看体育比赛的人更健康)”说明了看体育比赛的人比不看体育比赛的人更健康，空格处应该说明可能的原因是什么，B选项“This is probably linked to the social aspects of watching sports.(这可能与观看体育比赛的社交方面有关)”说明了空前所说的事情可能与观看体育比赛的社交方面有关，解释的是原因，其中的This指的是上文的“people who watch sports experience greater wellbeing than those who don’t”，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。 【36题详解】 空后“Research has shown that people who watch sports on TV or on the internet are also less depressed than those who don’t.(研究表明，在电视或互联网上看体育比赛的人也比不看的人更少抑郁)”说明了在电视或互联网上看体育比赛对人有益，D选项“Watching sports on TV or online can also be good for one’s wellbeing.(在电视上或网上观看体育比赛也对一个人的健康有益)”说明了在电视上或网上观看体育比赛是对健康有益的，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选D。 【37题详解】 空格处是本段主旨句，由空后“We seek connection through the formation of in-groups: communities of people with whom we share something in common. These communities form part of our identities, and through them we find social and emotional support. An example of in-group formation is the community we share with people who support the same sports teams as us. Through our shared social identity, we also share the social and emotional benefits of successes among our group.(我们通过内部群体的形成来寻求联系：与我们有共同之处的人组成的社区。这些社区构成了我们身份的一部分，通过它们，我们找到了社会和情感上的支持。内群体信息的一个例子是我们与支持同一运动队的人共享的社区。通过我们共同的社会身份，我们也在我们的群体中分享成功的社会和情感利益)”可知，本段主要讲的是观看比赛可以让我们获得社会身份，C选项“The positive effect of watching sports is likely about social identity.(观看体育比赛的积极影响可能与社会身份有关)”说明了观看体育比赛的积极影响可能与社会身份有关，概括了本段主要内容，可作为主旨句，故选C。 【38题详解】 空前“An example of in-group formation is the community we share with people who support the same sports teams as us. Through our shared social identity, we also share the social and emotional benefits of successes among our group.(内群体信息的一个例子是我们与支持同一运动队的人共享的社区。通过我们共同的社会身份，我们也在我们的群体中分享成功的社会和情感利益)”说明了我们共同的社会身份让我们在我们的群体中分享成功的社会和情感利益，空格处应该对这种现象进行评论或总结，G选项“Researchers at KU Leuven have comically named this “bathing in reflected glory”.(KU Leuven的研究人员将这种现象滑稽地命名为“沐浴在反射的荣耀中”)”对上述的现象进行评述，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。 【39题详解】 空前“They found that areas of the brain associated with psychological rewards were more active when participants watched sports where fans bond through shared experiences like cheering for the team.(他们发现，当参与者观看体育比赛时，他们大脑中与心理奖励相关的区域更加活跃，因为球迷们通过为球队加油等共同经历而建立了联系)”说明看需要球迷们共同为某球队加油的比赛让球迷们大脑中与心理奖励相关的区域更活跃，F选项“That’s why people gain greater mental benefits when watching football than golf.(这就是为什么人们在看足球比赛时比看高尔夫球获得更大的精神收益)”指出的足球比赛是团体比赛，需要球迷们一起为某个球队加油，能给人带来更大的精神收益，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 I smile as soon as I am greeted by the barista (咖啡师) who knows my name and order. As I head to a table, latte in hand, I feel a lightness in my step. This is a feeling you might experience in your daily life as well. Chances are, there are people you come into contact with daily, who you may not know well but can put a smile on your face. People like this are called “consequential strangers”. They could be the neighbor you chat to or even the person you regularly make small talk with at the gym. Typically, our lives feature many consequential strangers. We may only know some of them for a short time, whereas others may become longstanding parts of our lives. Like me, counsellor Tina Chummun has found that the barista she sees regularly is an important consequential stranger to her. “I trust the feedback from the barista because she has a completely different perspective of me,” she explains. Consequential strangers can give us a space to talk about things that perhaps we don’t with other people in our lives, and to hear alternative perspectives. These interactions are emotionally beneficial as well: the consequential strangers in my life not only help me feel a stronger sense of belonging to my community but also help with loneliness. And some of these connections could potentially become supportive relationships we can turn to for help. “There are many ways that you can approach strangers and start conversations,” says Tina. “If you’re at a train station waiting for a train, you can strike up a conversation about how annoying the delay is.” You may find that this brings you into a fuller conversation, but even if you only have a fleeting exchange with someone, this is a great way to build your confidence. Of course, not every consequential stranger is going to become a good friend and that’s OK. Still, they are a valuable part of your life, able to make you smile and feel a sense of connection. And that in itself is well worth celebrating. 40. What kind of people does the term “consequential strangers” refer to? _________________________________________________________ 41. How do consequential strangers contribute to the author’s emotional well-being? _________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Having consequential strangers is well worth celebrating as they are going to become your good friends. _________________________________________________________ 43. Write about one of your consequential strangers and how he/she influences you.( In about 40 words) _________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. It refers to the people you come into contact with daily, who you may not know well but can put a smile on your face. 41. They not only help the author feel a stronger sense of belonging to the community but also help with loneliness. 42. Having consequential strangers is well worth celebrating as they are going to become your good friends. Having consequential strangers is well worth celebrating as they are a valuable part of your life, able to make you smile and feel a sense of connection. 43. Possible version 1: The librarian at my community library is an important consequential stranger to me. He always greets me with a smile and extends appropriate care. I remember when I was having problems adjusting to high school life, he spotted it and encouraged me to embrace the new life bravely. Possible version 2: My consequential stranger is a friendly delivery person who always waves and asks about my day. His cheerful manner and genuine interest make me feel valued and connected to my neighborhood. His simple act of kindness brightens my day and reminds me that small interactions can make a difference. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲的是“consequential strangers(重要的陌生人)”在我们的日常生活中的意义和作用。 【40题详解】 考查词句猜测。根据第一段“Chances are, there are people you come into contact with daily, who you may not know well but can put a smile on your face.(很有可能，你每天都会接触到一些人，你可能不太了解他们，但他们会让你微笑。)”和第二段“People like this are called “consequential strangers”.(这样的人被称为“重要的陌生人”。)”可知，consequential strangers指的是你每天接触的人，你可能不太了解他们，但他们能让你微笑。故答案为It refers to the people you come into contact with daily, who you may not know well but can put a smile on your face.。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“These interactions are emotionally beneficial as well: the consequential strangers in my life not only help me feel a stronger sense of belonging to my community but also help with loneliness.(这些互动在情感上也是有益的：我生活中重要的陌生人不仅帮助我对社区有更强的归属感，还帮助我缓解孤独感。)”可知，重要的陌生人对作者的情感健康的贡献是他们不仅帮助作者感受到更强烈的社区归属感，还有助于缓解孤独感。故答案为They not only help the author feel a stronger sense of belonging to the community but also help with loneliness.。 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Of course, not every consequential stranger is going to become a good friend and that's OK. Still, they are a valuable part of your life, able to make you smile and feel a sense of connection. And that in itself is well worth celebrating.(当然，不是每个重要的陌生人都会成为好朋友，这没关系。尽管如此，他们仍然是你生活中有价值的一部分，能够让你微笑，感受到一种联系感。这本身就很值得庆祝。)”可知，不是每个重要的陌生人都会成为好朋友，但是拥有重要的陌生人是值得庆祝的，因为他们是你生活中有价值的一部分，能够让你微笑，感受到一种联系感。因此划线的部分是“they are going to become your good friends”。故答案为Having consequential strangers is well worth celebrating as they are going to become your good friends. Having consequential strangers is well worth celebrating as they are a valuable part of your life, able to make you smile and feel a sense of connection.。 【43题详解】 考查推理判断。根据自身实际情况，社区图书馆的图书管理员对我来说是一个重要而重要的陌生人。他总是微笑着和我打招呼，并给予我适当的照顾。我记得当我在适应高中生活方面遇到困难时，他发现了这个问题，鼓励我勇敢地拥抱新的生活。故答案为The librarian at my community library is an important consequential stranger to me. He always greets me with a smile and extends appropriate care. I remember when I was having problems adjusting to high school life, he spotted it and encouraged me to embrace the new life bravely.。 第二节(20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友 Jim所在的学校正在征集“智慧校园”方案。他打算参与这项活动，来信询问你的建议。请你给 Jim回信，内容包括： 1. 你的建议； 2. 说明理由。 提示词: 智慧校园 smart campus 注意: 1. 词数100左右; 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Possible version 1: 一个方案（数字餐厅），两个理由（学生层面和学校层面） Dear Jim, I’m excited to hear about your interest in the Smart Campus Initiative at your school, and I’d like to share my advice. You may consider proposing a digital smart canteen system which enables students to order their desired dishes and select their pick-up time in advance. This innovative method can help students save time during lunch, allowing them to collect their chosen meals at their convenience. Moreover, school kitchen staff can monitor food consumption accurately and adjust meal preparations based on actual orders so as to cut down on food waste. I hope my suggestions can be of help to you. Yours, Li Hua Possible version 2: 两个方案建议（智能学习工具和虚拟现实教学），分别有各自的理由 Dear Jim, I’m thrilled to receive your letter and eager to share with you my ideas for a smart school plan. Firstly, classrooms should be equipped with advanced digital tools, such as interactive smart boards, tablets for students and high-speed internet. These tools can support learning apps that tailor educational content to students’ individual needs, which can significantly enhance study efficiency. Moreover, incorporating virtual reality into the curriculum can transform the learning experience. Just imagine studying in a school where textbook concepts all comes to life! For example, when learning about gravity in physics, students can take a virtual spacewalk to experience the zero gravity firsthand. Isn’t that thrilling? What do you think of my suggestions? I hope they can inspire you and help your plan stand out. Yours, Li Hua Possible version 3: 两个方案建议（校园生活和数字学习），分别有各自的理由 Dear Jim, Knowing your interest in the Smart Campus Project at your school, I’m delighted to share my advice. You may focus on improving students’ life experience. For example, you can suggest building a digital smart canteen system or equipping the gym with AI devices. These systems will enable students to enjoy more personalized services, making their school life more convenient and enjoyable. When it comes to students’ learning, integrating virtual reality courses into the curriculum can be a great way to transform their learning experience. Also, a digital library will definitely provide students with access to more diverse and interactive materials, which will make learning more immersive and tailored to individual needs. I wish you all the best in your efforts! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给Jim回信，提出一些“智慧校园”方案的建议。 【详解】（范文1） 1.词汇积累 激动的：excited→thrilled 建议：advice→tip 提前：in advance→ahead of time 此外：moreover→besides 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：This innovative method can help students save time during lunch, allowing them to collect their chosen meals at their convenience. 拓展句：This innovative method can help students save time during lunch, which allows them to collect their chosen meals at their convenience. 【点睛】[高分句型1] You may consider proposing a digital smart canteen system which enables students to order their desired dishes and select their pick-up time in advance. (运用了which引导定语从句) [高分句型2] I hope my suggestions can be of help to you. (运用了省略that的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$