Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题语法填空练习2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版201

Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题语法填空练习 （23-24高二上·河南许昌·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever wondered what life is like now 1 (compare) to, say, the 1980s or the 1990s? I went to ask some people I know who were adults in the ‘80s and 90s’, and the answer I got was that “Overall, life is a lot 2 (good) now!” This didn’t really surprise me. I mean, these days we’ve got mobile phones and the internet and so on — but 3 (actual) those weren’t the things they talked about. So what did they talk about? For 4 start, we don’t have to work physically hard since now there are a lot of things like dishwashers for housework. Then there’s the matter of how, these days, 5 is possible to work at home — it’s mainly 6 (computer) that have made this possible. Not only that, there’s a lot more 7 (equal) now. It’s easier for all people, whatever their social background, gender (性别), colour and so on, to have equal access 8 a variety of career opportunities. That said, it’s not all a matter of improvement. Quite a few people told me that they feel more stressed these days because they rely a lot on technology and they are always 9 (anxiety) about security on the internet. Plus, we spend a lot of our time 10 (use) smartphones. One person said, “Wouldn’t it be great to be off the grid (不上网) for a few days?” 【答案】 1．compared 2．better 3．actually 4．a 5．it 6．computers 7．equality 8．to 9．anxious 10．using 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了科技是否真的让人的生活变得更好了。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：你有没有想过，与上世纪80年代或90年代相比，现在的生活是什么样的？空处需填非谓语动词，作状语，compare和life为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填compared。 2．考查比较级。句意：总的来说，现在的生活好多了！is后面接形容词作表语，a lot修饰形容词比较级。故填better。 3．考查副词。句意：我的意思是，现在我们有了手机和互联网等等，但实际上这些都不是他们谈论的东西。修饰后面整个句子，需填副词actually，作状语。故填actually。 4．考查冠词。句意：首先，我们不需要体力劳动，因为现在有很多东西，比如洗碗机做家务。for a start为固定搭配，意为“首先”。故填a。 5．考查it作形式主语。句意：接下来的问题是，这些天，如何使在家工作成为可能——主要是计算机使这成为可能。“it is adj.+to do…”为固定句型，it为形式主语，真正的主语是to work at home。故填it。 6．考查名词复数。句意同上。computer为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词，空后的谓语是have made，需填名词复数形式。故填computers。 7．考查名词。句意：不仅如此，现在的平等程度也大大提高了。设空处作表语，且由a lot more修饰，需填名词equality，不可数名词。故填equality。 8．考查介词。句意：所有人，无论其社会背景、性别、肤色等等，都更容易平等地获得各种职业机会。have access to为固定搭配，意为“有机会接触”，to是介词。故填to。 9．考查形容词。句意：不少人告诉我，他们现在感到更有压力，因为他们非常依赖科技，他们总是担心互联网的安全。空处需填形容词anxious，作表语，be anxious to为固定搭配，表示“对……感到焦虑”。故填anxious。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，我们花了很多时间使用智能手机。spend some time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花时间做某事”。故填using。 （23-24高二上·江西抚州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 This year’s Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine has been awarded to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their work on mRNA vaccines, 1 crucial tool in limiting the spread of Covid-19. The Nobel Prize committee announced the extraordinary honor, 2 (see) as the summit (顶峰) of scientific 3 (achieve), in Sweden on Monday. Karikó, a Hungarian-American biochemist, and Weissman, an American physician, are both professors at the University of Pennsylvania. The committee praised the scientists “groundbreaking findings”, which fundamentally changed our understanding of 4 mRNA and our immune system affect each other. They published their results in a 2005 paper 5 received little attention at the time, but later laid the foundation for 6 (critical) important developments that served humanity during the coronavirus pandemic, 7 (contribute) to the high rate of vaccine development. Rickard Sandberg, a member of the Nobel Prize in medicine committee, said, “Because of mRNA vaccines and other Covid-19 vaccines, millions of lives 8 (save) in the past few years.” The revolutionary technology has opened a new chapter of medicine. It can potentially be made use of   9 (develop) vaccines against other diseases like malaria, RSV and HIV. It also offers a new approach 10 infectious disease like cancer, with the prospect of personalized vaccines. 【答案】 1．a 2．seen 3．achievements/achievements 4．how 5．that/which 6．critically 7．contributing 8．have been saved 9．to develop 10．to 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2023年诺贝尔奖获得者Katalin Karikó和Drew Weissman及其研究成果。 1．考查冠词。句意：今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖被授予Katalin Karikó和Drew Weissman，以表彰他们在mRNA疫苗方面的工作，mRNA疫苗是限制Covid-19传播的关键工具。此处泛指“一个关键工具”，且crucial以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：诺贝尔奖委员会周一在瑞典宣布了这一被视为科学成就最高荣誉的非凡荣誉。名词honor与see为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填seen。 3．考查名词。句意同上。此处作宾语，应用名词achievement“成就”，可数名词，此处用单复数均可，故填achievement或achievements。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：该委员会称赞科学家们的“突破性发现”，从根本上改变了我们对mRNA和免疫系统如何相互影响的理解。此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，应用连接副词how“如何”引导。故填how。 5．考查定语从句。句意：他们在2005年发表的一篇论文中发表了他们的研究结果，当时很少受到关注，但后来为冠状病毒大流行期间为人类服务的至关重要的发展奠定了基础，为疫苗的高开发率做出了贡献。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是paper，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 6．考查形容词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词important，应用副词critically，作状语。故填critically。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处表示一种自然产生的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语，故填contributing。 8．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：诺贝尔医学奖委员里Rickard Sandberg表示：“由于mRNA疫苗和其他新冠病毒疫苗，在过去几年中挽救了数百万人的生命。”根据时间状语in the past few years可知，应用现在完成时，且主语lives与动词save为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，助动词使用have。故填have been saved。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：它有可能被用来开发针对疟疾、RSV和HIV等其他疾病的疫苗。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to develop。 10．考查介词。句意：它还提供了一种治疗癌症等传染病的新方法，有望开发出个性化疫苗。名词approach常与介词to构成固定搭配。故填to。 （23-24高二上·福建龙岩·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, 1 is known as the “father of hybrid rice”, is a pioneer for all people. Yuan Longping was born 2 1930 in Beijing. 3 (tackle) a serious shortage of food, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.  After 4 (graduate) in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realized that larger fields were not the solution. He was 5 (convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties. In 1974, he succeeded in making it 6 reality. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output 7 (great). Today, it is estimated that about 60% of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crop 8 (generate) from his hybrid strains, for which he received numerous 9 (award) both in China and abroad. Although Yuan’s hybrids made him wealthy, he 10 (care) little for celebrity or money. Despite his advanced years at that time, Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision and trying to realize his dream. 【答案】 1．who 2．in 3．To tackle 4．graduating/graduation 5．convinced 6．a 7．greatly 8．generated 9．awards 10．cared 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”中国科学家袁隆平的个人经历以及成就。 1．考查定语从句。句意：被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的中国科学家袁隆平是全人类的先驱。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Yuan Longping，从句缺少主语，指人。故填who。 2．考查介词。句意：袁隆平，1930年生于北京。表示出生在1930年，应用介词in。故填in。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了解决严重的粮食短缺问题，他选择了学习农业，并在重庆西南农业学院接受了教育。分析句子结构可知tackle在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填To tackle。 4．考查名词或非谓语动词。句意：1953年毕业后，他从事研究工作。作介词after的宾语，可用不可数名词graduation或动名词graduating。故填graduating/graduation。 5．考查形容词。句意：他深信，可以在杂交水稻的发明中找到答案。作表语，修饰人，应用形容词convinced，构成句型be convinced that，意为“相信”。故填convinced。 6．考查冠词。句意：1974年，他成功地将其变为现实。表示“成为现实”短语为make it a reality，填入不定冠词a表示泛指。故填a。 7．考查副词。句意：这种杂交品种使农民能够大大扩大产量。修饰动词expand应用副词greatly，故填greatly。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，据估计，中国国内消费的大米中约有60%是由他的杂交品种制成的，他因此在国内外获得了无数奖项。分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少非谓语动词，generate与逻辑主语crop构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填generated。 9．考查名词的数。句意：今天，据估计，中国国内消费的大米中约有60%是由他的杂交品种制成的，他因此在国内外获得了无数奖项。award为可数名词，根据上文numerous可知用复数。故填awards。 10．考查时态。句意：虽然袁的杂交水稻让他变得富有，但他对名声和金钱并不在意。根据上文Although Yuan’s hybrids made him wealthy可知为一般过去时，空格处构成短语care for，意为“在意”。故填cared。 （22-23高二下·四川凉山·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cloning is a technique scientists use to make genetic copies of living things. Genes, cells, 1 (tissue) and even whole animals can all be cloned. Some clones already exist in nature. Single-celled organisms like bacteria make exact copies of themselves each time they reproduce. In humans, identical twins are similar 2 clones. Scientists also make clones in the lab. They often clone genes in order to study 3 better understand them. To clone a gene, researchers take DNA from a living creature and insert it into 4 carrier. Every time that carrier reproduces, a new copy of the gene will be made. In 1996, Scottish scientists cloned the first animal, which is a sheep 5 (name) Dolly. Since then, scientists 6   (clone) cows, cats, deer, horses and rabbits. They still have not cloned a human, though. 7 (part), this is because it is difficult to produce a viable (能成活的) clone. In each attempt, there can be genetic mistakes that prevent the clone from 8 (survive). There 9 (be) also ethical concerns about cloning a human being. The cloning of animals has been used in a number of different applications. Livestock (家畜) like cows and pigs have been cloned to produce more milk or meat. Clones can even “bring back” a beloved pet 10 has died. Cloning might one day bring back extinct species like the woolly mammoth or giant panda. 【答案】 1．tissues 2．to 3．and 4．a 5．named 6．have cloned 7．Partly 8．surviving 9．are 10．that/which 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了克隆技术，包括克隆的动物和克隆技术的应用。 1．考查名词。句意：克隆是科学家用来复制生物基因的一种技术。基因、细胞、组织甚至整个动物都可以被克隆。设空处在句中和空前的Genes, cells并列作主语，应用名词复数的形式。故填tissues。 2．考查介词。句意：在人类中，同卵双胞胎与克隆体相似。固定短语be similar to和……相似。故填to。 3．考查连词。句意：他们经常克隆基因是为了更好地研究和理解它们。空前的“to study”和空后的“to better understand”并列，应用and。故填and。 4．考查冠词。句意：为了克隆基因，研究人员从生物身上提取DNA并将其插入载体中。设空处后为名词单数，表示泛指，设空处应用不定冠词，carrier为辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：1996年，苏格兰科学家克隆了第一只动物，那是一只名叫多莉的羊。设空处在句中作非谓语，和句子的逻辑主语sheep之间是逻辑的被动关系，应用动词的过去分词的形式。故填named。 6．考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：从那时起，科学家们已经克隆了牛、猫、鹿、马和兔子。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语since then，可知句子的时态为现在完成时，设空处和句子的谓语之间是主动关系；主语为scientists，结合主谓一致。故填have cloned。 7．考查副词。句意：这在一定程度上是因为很难产生一个可行的克隆体。设空处在句中作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词的形式，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Partly。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在每一次尝试中，都可能有基因错误阻止克隆生存。设空处在句中作非谓语，固定短语prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事，设空处应用动名词的形式。故填surviving。 9．考查谓语动词。句意：克隆人也存在伦理问题。设空处在句中作谓语，there be句型谓语采取“就近一致”的原则，空后为“ethical concerns”为复数形式。故填are。 10．考查定语从句的引导词。句意：像牛和猪这样的牲畜已经被克隆出来以生产更多的牛奶或肉。克隆人甚至可以让死去的心爱宠物“复活”。设空处引导定语从句，且在句中作指物的主语，先行词为pet，故填that/which。 （23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese tech giant Xiaomi held a launch event for its first electric vehicle (EV) model, the Speed Ultra 7 (SU7), in Beijing on Thursday. It marks the smartphone giant’s entry into the 1 (compete) and challenging Chinese new energy vehicle (NEV) market. The SU7 series will be launched in nine different colors, at a price starting from215,900 yuan ($29,866) and mass 2 (produce) is expected to start in the first half of 2024. Customers and analysts had previously estimated that the SU7 3 (be) priced at 200,000 to 300,000 yuan. 4 (start) from Monday, the SU7 series has been on display in 59 stores across 29 cities in China, a staff member at the store told the Global Times, adding that people have been crowding 5 the showroom to see the car. China’s NEV market has become the world’s biggest market 6 carmakers are ramping up (增加) efforts 7 (improve) technological capabilities amid (在……中) an ongoing price war. Meanwhile, Chinese NEV manufacturers are expanding overseas. About 19.5 percent of EVs purchased in Europe last year 8 (make) in China and this is on track to reach a quarter in 2024.3.29. It’s still unknown whether Xiaomi’s ambition to fulfil its auto business dream will succeed. However, analysts believe 9 will drive innovation and progress in NEV technology, and help promote the expansion and market penetration (渗透) of NEVs by attracting more consumers, and increasing 10 (aware) and recognition of NEVs. 【答案】 1．competitive 2．production 3．would be 4．Starting 5．into 6．where 7．to improve 8．were made 9．it 10．awareness 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是周四，中国科技巨头小米在北京举行了其首款电动汽车（EV）车型Speed Ultra 7 (SU7)的发布会。 1．考查形容词。句意：这标志着这家智能手机巨头进入了竞争激烈、充满挑战的中国新能源汽车市场。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语Chinese new energy vehicle (NEV) market，compete的形容词是competitive，意为“有竞争力的”，故填competitive。 2．考查名词。句意：SU7系列将推出9种不同的颜色，价格从215,900元（29,866美元）起，预计将于2024年上半年开始量产。mass是形容词，修饰名词，此处表示“量产”，空格处意为“生产”，名词是production，是不可数名词，故填production。 3．考查时态。句意：客户和分析师此前预计，SU7的售价将在人民币20万至30万元之间。根据语境可知，句子表示“SU7的售价将在人民币20万至30万元之间”，句子用将来时，由estimated可知，句子用过去将来时，因此空格处是would be。故填would be。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：该店的一名工作人员告诉《环球时报》，从周一开始，SU7系列已经在中国29个城市的59家门店展出，并补充说人们已经挤进展厅看这款车。句中谓语是has been，空格处用非谓语动词，the SU7 series和start之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词作状语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Starting。 5．考查介词。句意：该店的一名工作人员告诉《环球时报》，从周一开始，SU7系列已经在中国29个城市的59家门店展出，并补充说人们已经挤进展厅看这款车。crowd into是固定短语，意为“挤进”，因此空格处用介词into，故填into。 6．考查定语从句。句意：中国新能源汽车市场已成为全球最大的市场，在持续的价格战中，汽车制造商正加大力度提高技术能力。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，先行词market是地方，因此空格处用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。 7．考查不定式。句意：中国新能源汽车市场已成为全球最大的市场，在持续的价格战中，汽车制造商正加大力度提高技术能力。根据语境可知，句子表示“中国新能源汽车市场已成为全球最大的市场，在持续的价格战中，汽车制造商正加大力度提高技术能力”，因此空格处用不定式表目的，故填to improve。 8．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：去年在欧洲购买的电动汽车中，约有19.5%是在中国制造的，这一比例有望在2024年达到四分之一。EVs与make之间是被动关系，且由last year可知，句子描述过去的事情，因此句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语19.5 percent of EVs是复数，因此空格处是were made。故填were made。 9．考查代词。句意：然而，分析人士认为，这将推动新能源汽车技术的创新和进步，并通过吸引更多消费者，提高对新能源汽车的认识和认可，帮助促进新能源汽车的扩张和市场渗透。空格处用it指代前面的“Xiaomi’s ambition to fulfil its auto business dream”，故填it。 10．考查名词。句意：然而，分析人士认为，这将推动新能源汽车技术的创新和进步，并通过吸引更多消费者，提高对新能源汽车的认识和认可，帮助促进新能源汽车的扩张和市场渗透。increasing是形容词，修饰名词，aware的名词是awareness，是不可数名词，意为“意识，认识”，故填awareness。 （23-24高二下·福建福州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The special national flag unfurled from June 3 to 4 by the lander of the Chang’e 6 lunar probe has caught the attention of people around the world. It is the first time that flag of any country 1 (raise) on the far side of the moon. Remarkably, the flag is made of basalt fibers (玄武岩纤维), which is excellent at thermal insulation (隔热) and radiation resistance so that it can withstand the harsh lunar environment. According to Xu, the Chang’e 6 flag is the same size as the one 2 (display) during the Chang’e 5 mission. It measures 30 centimeters 3 20 centimeters, about 4 size of a sheet of A4 paper. The density of the basalt fibers used in the Chang’e 6 flag is nearly twice 5 of the Chang’e 5 flag, which suggests that the basalt fiber flag should be heavier. However, Xu’s team developed super - thin basalt fibers, which are only one-third the 6 (wide) of human hair. This made the Chang’e 6 flag weigh only 11.3 grams, which is 0.5 grams lighter than the Chang’e 5 flag. Lightweight and flexible, basalt fiber will be 7 (increasing) used in the aerospace sector for applications such as spacesuits, spacecraft, and lunar bases, said Xu. His team is also investigating the use of basalt fibers 8 (create) clothes and bags that can withstand high temperatures and prevent fires. Typical firefighting suits made of materials burn at high temperatures of 550℃. 9 , basalt fiber clothes can handle up to 1,600℃. “So it can be used for a short time at a high temperature of 1,200℃, 10 for a long time at 800℃,” said Cao Genyang, a professor on Xu’s team. 【答案】 1．has been raised 2．displayed 3．by 4．the 5．that 6．width 7．increasingly 8．to create 9．However 10．and/or 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了6月3日至4日，嫦娥六号月球探测器在月球上展开的特殊国旗引起了全世界人民的关注。 1．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这是第一次有国家的国旗在月球背面升起。设空处为谓语，It is the first time that后从句的时态用现在完成时，主语flag of any country和谓语动词raise之间是被动关系，主语flag of any country单数，谓语单数形式，故填has been raised。 2．考查过去分词。句意：据徐介绍，嫦娥六号的旗帜与嫦娥五号任务时展示的旗帜大小相同。display为非谓语动词，the one指代“旗帜”，display和the one是逻辑被动关系，display用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填displayed。 3．考查介词。句意：它的尺寸为30厘米乘20厘米，大约是一张A4纸的大小。根据下文“about 　　4　　 size of a sheet of A4 paper”可知它的尺寸应该是30厘米乘20厘米，用介词by表示乘以，故填by。 4．考查冠词。句意：同上。根据下文的“of a sheet of A4 paper”可知特指A4那个尺寸，应用定冠词the，故填the。 5．考查代词。句意：嫦娥六号旗所用玄武岩纤维的密度几乎是嫦娥五号旗的两倍，这表明玄武岩纤维旗应该更重。设空处代替上文的density，不可数名词，代指不可数名词应用that，故填that。 6．考查名词。句意：然而，徐的团队开发了超薄的玄武岩纤维，其宽度只有人类头发的三分之一。设空处前有the修饰，应用名词，表示“宽度”，故填width。 7．考查副词。句意：徐说，玄武岩纤维重量轻、柔韧，将越来越多地用于航天服、航天器和月球基地等航空航天领域。设空处修饰谓语动词be used，应用副词increasingly作状语，故填increasingly。 8．考查不定式。句意：他的团队也在研究使用玄武岩纤维来制造能承受高温和防火的衣服和袋子。设空处作目的状语，create应用不定式形式，故填to create。 9．考查副词。句意：然而，玄武岩纤维的衣服可以承受高达1600℃的高温。设空处修饰整个句子，应用副词作状语，表示“然而”并且有逗号隔开，应用however，句首单词首字母大写，故填However。 10．考查连词。句意：“因此，它可以在1200℃的高温下短时间使用，也/或者可以在800℃的高温下长时间使用，”徐教授团队的曹根阳教授说。根据上文“for a short time at a high temperature of 1,200℃和for a long time at 800℃”可知上下文之间是并列或者选择的关系，可以用连词and和or连接，故填and/or。 （23-24高二下·四川眉山·期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Dr Jian Zhou was a molecular biologist and virologist who worked with Professor Ian Frazer 1 (develop) the technology toward the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines (疫苗), 2 protect against viruses that cause cervical cancer. Born in Hangzhou, China, Dr Zhou graduated from Wenzhou Medical College and went on to obtain a Master’s degree from Zhejiang Medical University. He studied for a PhD at Henan Medical University, 3 (complete) this in 1987. He received a Doctor of Medicine from the University of Queensland in 1994. Dr Zhou’s interest in human papillomavirus (HPV) 4 (bring) him to Australia in 1990 to join Professor Ian Frazer’s Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research at the University of Queensland. Nearly all cervical cancers were caused by HPV and it 5 (believe) that a vaccine 6 HPV might work. 7 vaccine required a particle that would stimulate an immune (免疫的) response to the virus, but without causing an infection. This was a 8 (significance) focus of Dr Zhou’s work with Professor Frazer and in 1990, working also with his wife, he succeeded in creating a virus-like particle that was now the basis for the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines. 9 (fortunate), Dr Zhou died in 1999, at the age of 42. His work has had a huge impact on human health globally. The Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences is therefore delighted to establish an award in 10 (recognize) of Dr Zhou. The Jian Zhou Medal was made possible by a generous donation from the Frazer Family Foundation. 【答案】 1．to develop 2．which 3．completing 4．brought 5．was believed 6．against 7．The 8．significant 9．Unfortunately 10．recognition 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了分子生物学家及病毒学家周健博士的生平事迹及其在HPV疫苗研发领域的贡献。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：周健博士是一名分子生物学家和病毒学家，他与Ian Frazer教授合作开发了Gardasil和Cervarix疫苗的技术，这两种疫苗可以预防导致宫颈癌的病毒。who引导的定语从句的谓语为worked，此处为非谓语动词，这里使用develop“研制”的不定式，作目的状语。故填to develop。 2．考查定语从句。句意：周健博士是一名分子生物学家和病毒学家，他与Ian Frazer教授合作开发了Gardasil和Cervarix疫苗的技术，这两种疫苗可以预防导致宫颈癌的病毒。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词vaccines，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他在河南医科大学攻读博士学位，1987年毕业。本句谓语为studied，此处为非谓语动词，compelte与主语He是主动关系，这里使用complete“完成”的现在分词completing，作状语。故填completing。 4．考查时态。句意：周博士对人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的兴趣使他于1990年来到澳大利亚，加入昆士兰大学伊恩·弗雷泽教授的免疫学和癌症研究中心。此处描述的是过去的动作，时态应用一般过去时，谓语用bring“带……到某处”的过去式。故填brought。 5．考查动词语态。句意：几乎所有的宫颈癌都是由人乳头瘤病毒引起的，人们相信针对人乳头瘤病毒的疫苗可能有效。此处it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，与believe“相信”之间是被动关系，且描述过去的情况，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语it为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was believed。 6．考查介词。句意：几乎所有的宫颈癌都是由人乳头瘤病毒引起的，人们相信针对人乳头瘤病毒的疫苗可能有效。介词against表示“对抗”，这里指疫苗能抵抗HPV。故填against。 7．考查冠词。句意：疫苗需要一个能刺激对病毒免疫反应的颗粒，但又不引起感染。这里特指研发中的疫苗，故使用定冠词The，位于句首，首字母大写。故填The。 8．考查形容词。句意：这是周博士与弗雷泽教授合作的一个重要重点，1990年，周博士与他的妻子合作，成功地创造了一种病毒样颗粒，这种颗粒现在是“Gardasil”和“Cervarix”疫苗的基础。此处需用形容词significant“重要的”，修饰名词focus，作前置定语。故填significant。 9．考查副词。句意：不幸的是，周博士于1999年去世，享年42岁。这里需要用副词unfortunately“不幸的是”，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填a。 10．考查名词。句意：因此，澳大利亚健康与医学科学院很高兴设立奖项以表彰周博士。本空用名词recognition，in recognition of为固定搭配，意为“为了表彰”。故填recognition。 （23-24高二下·甘肃兰州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 May Day is not only a time for people 1 (enjoy) a long holiday break, but also an occasion to show respect for Chinese workers who work hard and constantly devote themselves 2 keeping the nation running and moving forward. And the farmers who help safeguard China’s “rice bowls” are worthy of special 3 (appreciate). Despite 4 ( have ) only about nine percent of the world’s arable (可耕的) land, China feeds around one-fifth of the global population. As 5 result, China has placed a high value on agricultural development and rural revitalization (振兴) and has been 6 (active) promoting smart farming. Over the last few years, significant changes 7 (take) place in the management and marketing of agriculture in China. A new generation of farmers is using 8 (advance) agricultural machines, agronomy (农学) technologies, artificial intelligence, 5G and the Internet of Things as 9 (they) “farm tools”, which not only improve field management but also increase sales of agricultural products. In addition, an increasing number of farmers, 10 are knowledgeable in digital and Internet technologies, have been using live streaming e-commerce to sell local specialties online while sharing their rural life. With joint efforts, China’s agriculture is expected to have a promising future. 【答案】 1．to enjoy 2．to 3．appreciation 4．having 5．a 6．actively 7．have taken 8．advanced 9．their 10．who 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了我国高度重视农业发展和乡村振兴，积极推进智慧农业。在大家的共同努力下，中国农业发展的前景一片光明。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：五一节劳动节不仅是人们享受长假的日子，也是向辛勤工作、为国家运转和前进而不断奉献的中国劳动者表示敬意的日子。修饰名词time，需用动词不定式to enjoy，作后置定语。故填to enjoy。 2．考查介词。句意同上。devote oneself to…是固定搭配，意为“致力于”。故填to。 3．考查名词。句意：帮助保护中国“饭碗”的农民们值得特别赞赏。空处作表语，需填名词appreciation，不可数名词。故填appreciation。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管中国的可耕地面积仅占世界的9%，但却养活了全球约五分之一的人口。despite为介词，后面接动名词作宾语。故填having。 5．考查冠词。句意：因此，中国高度重视农业发展和乡村振兴，积极推进智慧农业。as a result为固定搭配，意为“因此”。故填a。 6．考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词promoting，需用副词actively，作状语。故填actively。 7．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去几年中，中国的农业管理和营销发生了重大变化。根据时间状语“Over the last few years”可知，使用现在完成时，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have taken。 8．考查形容词。句意：新一代农民正在使用先进的农业机械、农艺技术、人工智能、5G和物联网作为他们的“农具”，不仅改善了田间管理，还增加了农产品的销售。修饰名词machines需用形容词advanced，作定语。故填advanced。 9．考查代词。句意同上。修饰名词短语“farm tools”需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 10．考查定语从句。句意：此外，越来越多精通数字和互联网技术的农民在分享他们的农村生活的同时，也开始使用电子商务直播在网上销售当地特产。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词farmers，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who。故填who。 （23-24高二下·河南洛阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China-made autonomous sweepers are grabbing attention all over the globe, as the country uses its technological expertise (专长) 1 (release) new quality productive forces in the field of cleanliness. A Shanghai-based high-tech company has received 2 world’s first road testing license for autonomous sweepers. The company’s latest product, 3 (launch) in March, combines three cleanliness tasks—sweeping, road spraying, and garbage transportation and is able to cut overall cleanliness operation costs by 70 percent. Equipped 4 technologies including millimeter-wave radars (雷达), cameras and high-precision positioning, the sweepers can achieve precise edge fitting, safe obstacle (障碍) avoidance, emergency avoidance, flexible turning and direction switching during operation. In recent months, its advanced technology and features have attracted the attention of several local residents as well as 5 (visitor). The vehicles operate powerfully, especially during extreme weather. After completing the daily cleaning tasks, they 6 (automatic) drive to the garbage collection area and complete dumping (倾倒) task by 7 (they). Liang Haiming, director of Hainan University’s Belt and Road Research Institute, said that unmanned sweepers made in China have advantages in automation technology, smart management and the application of new energy, 8 helps to improve safety and work 9 (efficient). “In addition to cleanliness, the field of autonomous driving 10 (include) limited and low-speed environments such as distribution, shared travel, public transportation, ports and terminals, and mining operations,” Liang said. 【答案】 1．to release 2．the 3．launched 4．with 5．visitors 6．automatically 7．themselves 8．which 9．efficiency 10．includes 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国自动驾驶清扫车凭借高科技性能引发全球关注，有效降低成本并提升清洁效率，彰显了在自动化技术、智慧管理及新能源应用方面的优势，预示着自动驾驶技术将在多领域拓展应用。 1．考查动词不定式。句意：随着中国利用其技术专长在环卫领域释放新的高质量生产力，中国制造的自动扫地机吸引了全球的关注。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“使用某物做某事”，此处应用动词不定式形式。故填to release。 2．考查冠词。句意：上海一家高科技公司获得了全球第一张自动驾驶清扫车测试牌照。序数词first前需加定冠词the表示特指。故填the。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司的最新产品于3月推出，结合了三项清洁任务——清扫、道路喷洒和垃圾运输，能够将整体清洁运营成本降低70%。句中已有谓语combines，空处作非谓语动词，launch与其逻辑主语product之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填launched。 4．考查介词。句意：清扫车配备毫米波雷达、摄像头和高精度定位等技术，可在作业过程中实现精确边缘拟合、安全避障、紧急避让、灵活转弯和方向切换。be equipped with为固定搭配，意为“配备有”，此处省略be动词，用过去分词短语作状语。故填with。 5．考查名词复数。句意：近几个月来，其先进的技术和功能吸引了一些当地居民和游客的注意。visitor意为“游客”，为可数名词，根据空前的several可知，此处应用其复数形式。故填visitors。 6．考查副词。句意：完成日常清扫任务后，它们会自动驶向垃圾收集区，并自行完成卸载任务。空处修饰动词drive，应用副词automatically作状语，意为“自动地”。故填automatically。 7．考查反身代词。句意同上。空处作dumping task的逻辑主语，且与they所指相同，因此应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 8．考查定语从句。句意：海南大学一带一路研究院院长梁海明表示，中国制造的无人驾驶清扫车在自动化技术、智能管理和新能源应用方面具有优势，这有助于提高安全性和工作效率。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 9．考查名词。句意同上。空处与safety并列，作improve的宾语，应用名词efficiency，意为“效率”。故填efficiency。 10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：梁说：“除了清洁，自动驾驶领域还包括有限的低速环境，如配送、共享出行、公共交通、港口和码头以及采矿作业。”。空处用于直接引语句子中，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语the field of autonomous driving为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填includes。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题语法填空练习 （23-24高二上·河南许昌·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever wondered what life is like now 1 (compare) to, say, the 1980s or the 1990s? I went to ask some people I know who were adults in the ‘80s and 90s’, and the answer I got was that “Overall, life is a lot 2 (good) now!” This didn’t really surprise me. I mean, these days we’ve got mobile phones and the internet and so on — but 3 (actual) those weren’t the things they talked about. So what did they talk about? For 4 start, we don’t have to work physically hard since now there are a lot of things like dishwashers for housework. Then there’s the matter of how, these days, 5 is possible to work at home — it’s mainly 6 (computer) that have made this possible. Not only that, there’s a lot more 7 (equal) now. It’s easier for all people, whatever their social background, gender (性别), colour and so on, to have equal access 8 a variety of career opportunities. That said, it’s not all a matter of improvement. Quite a few people told me that they feel more stressed these days because they rely a lot on technology and they are always 9 (anxiety) about security on the internet. Plus, we spend a lot of our time 10 (use) smartphones. One person said, “Wouldn’t it be great to be off the grid (不上网) for a few days?” （23-24高二上·江西抚州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 This year’s Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine has been awarded to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their work on mRNA vaccines, 1 crucial tool in limiting the spread of Covid-19. The Nobel Prize committee announced the extraordinary honor, 2 (see) as the summit (顶峰) of scientific 3 (achieve), in Sweden on Monday. Karikó, a Hungarian-American biochemist, and Weissman, an American physician, are both professors at the University of Pennsylvania. The committee praised the scientists “groundbreaking findings”, which fundamentally changed our understanding of 4 mRNA and our immune system affect each other. They published their results in a 2005 paper 5 received little attention at the time, but later laid the foundation for 6 (critical) important developments that served humanity during the coronavirus pandemic, 7 (contribute) to the high rate of vaccine development. Rickard Sandberg, a member of the Nobel Prize in medicine committee, said, “Because of mRNA vaccines and other Covid-19 vaccines, millions of lives 8 (save) in the past few years.” The revolutionary technology has opened a new chapter of medicine. It can potentially be made use of   9 (develop) vaccines against other diseases like malaria, RSV and HIV. It also offers a new approach 10 infectious disease like cancer, with the prospect of personalized vaccines. （23-24高二上·福建龙岩·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, 1 is known as the “father of hybrid rice”, is a pioneer for all people. Yuan Longping was born 2 1930 in Beijing. 3 (tackle) a serious shortage of food, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.  After 4 (graduate) in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realized that larger fields were not the solution. He was 5 (convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties. In 1974, he succeeded in making it 6 reality. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output 7 (great). Today, it is estimated that about 60% of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crop 8 (generate) from his hybrid strains, for which he received numerous 9 (award) both in China and abroad. Although Yuan’s hybrids made him wealthy, he 10 (care) little for celebrity or money. Despite his advanced years at that time, Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision and trying to realize his dream. （22-23高二下·四川凉山·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cloning is a technique scientists use to make genetic copies of living things. Genes, cells, 1 (tissue) and even whole animals can all be cloned. Some clones already exist in nature. Single-celled organisms like bacteria make exact copies of themselves each time they reproduce. In humans, identical twins are similar 2 clones. Scientists also make clones in the lab. They often clone genes in order to study 3 better understand them. To clone a gene, researchers take DNA from a living creature and insert it into 4 carrier. Every time that carrier reproduces, a new copy of the gene will be made. In 1996, Scottish scientists cloned the first animal, which is a sheep 5 (name) Dolly. Since then, scientists 6   (clone) cows, cats, deer, horses and rabbits. They still have not cloned a human, though. 7 (part), this is because it is difficult to produce a viable (能成活的) clone. In each attempt, there can be genetic mistakes that prevent the clone from 8 (survive). There 9 (be) also ethical concerns about cloning a human being. The cloning of animals has been used in a number of different applications. Livestock (家畜) like cows and pigs have been cloned to produce more milk or meat. Clones can even “bring back” a beloved pet 10 has died. Cloning might one day bring back extinct species like the woolly mammoth or giant panda. （23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese tech giant Xiaomi held a launch event for its first electric vehicle (EV) model, the Speed Ultra 7 (SU7), in Beijing on Thursday. It marks the smartphone giant’s entry into the 1 (compete) and challenging Chinese new energy vehicle (NEV) market. The SU7 series will be launched in nine different colors, at a price starting from215,900 yuan ($29,866) and mass 2 (produce) is expected to start in the first half of 2024. Customers and analysts had previously estimated that the SU7 3 (be) priced at 200,000 to 300,000 yuan. 4 (start) from Monday, the SU7 series has been on display in 59 stores across 29 cities in China, a staff member at the store told the Global Times, adding that people have been crowding 5 the showroom to see the car. China’s NEV market has become the world’s biggest market 6 carmakers are ramping up (增加) efforts 7 (improve) technological capabilities amid (在……中) an ongoing price war. Meanwhile, Chinese NEV manufacturers are expanding overseas. About 19.5 percent of EVs purchased in Europe last year 8 (make) in China and this is on track to reach a quarter in 2024.3.29. It’s still unknown whether Xiaomi’s ambition to fulfil its auto business dream will succeed. However, analysts believe 9 will drive innovation and progress in NEV technology, and help promote the expansion and market penetration (渗透) of NEVs by attracting more consumers, and increasing 10 (aware) and recognition of NEVs. （23-24高二下·福建福州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The special national flag unfurled from June 3 to 4 by the lander of the Chang’e 6 lunar probe has caught the attention of people around the world. It is the first time that flag of any country 1 (raise) on the far side of the moon. Remarkably, the flag is made of basalt fibers (玄武岩纤维), which is excellent at thermal insulation (隔热) and radiation resistance so that it can withstand the harsh lunar environment. According to Xu, the Chang’e 6 flag is the same size as the one 2 (display) during the Chang’e 5 mission. It measures 30 centimeters 3 20 centimeters, about 4 size of a sheet of A4 paper. The density of the basalt fibers used in the Chang’e 6 flag is nearly twice 5 of the Chang’e 5 flag, which suggests that the basalt fiber flag should be heavier. However, Xu’s team developed super - thin basalt fibers, which are only one-third the 6 (wide) of human hair. This made the Chang’e 6 flag weigh only 11.3 grams, which is 0.5 grams lighter than the Chang’e 5 flag. Lightweight and flexible, basalt fiber will be 7 (increasing) used in the aerospace sector for applications such as spacesuits, spacecraft, and lunar bases, said Xu. His team is also investigating the use of basalt fibers 8 (create) clothes and bags that can withstand high temperatures and prevent fires. Typical firefighting suits made of materials burn at high temperatures of 550℃. 9 , basalt fiber clothes can handle up to 1,600℃. “So it can be used for a short time at a high temperature of 1,200℃, 10 for a long time at 800℃,” said Cao Genyang, a professor on Xu’s team. （23-24高二下·四川眉山·期末）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Dr Jian Zhou was a molecular biologist and virologist who worked with Professor Ian Frazer 1 (develop) the technology toward the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines (疫苗), 2 protect against viruses that cause cervical cancer. Born in Hangzhou, China, Dr Zhou graduated from Wenzhou Medical College and went on to obtain a Master’s degree from Zhejiang Medical University. He studied for a PhD at Henan Medical University, 3 (complete) this in 1987. He received a Doctor of Medicine from the University of Queensland in 1994. Dr Zhou’s interest in human papillomavirus (HPV) 4 (bring) him to Australia in 1990 to join Professor Ian Frazer’s Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research at the University of Queensland. Nearly all cervical cancers were caused by HPV and it 5 (believe) that a vaccine 6 HPV might work. 7 vaccine required a particle that would stimulate an immune (免疫的) response to the virus, but without causing an infection. This was a 8 (significance) focus of Dr Zhou’s work with Professor Frazer and in 1990, working also with his wife, he succeeded in creating a virus-like particle that was now the basis for the Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines. 9 (fortunate), Dr Zhou died in 1999, at the age of 42. His work has had a huge impact on human health globally. The Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences is therefore delighted to establish an award in 10 (recognize) of Dr Zhou. The Jian Zhou Medal was made possible by a generous donation from the Frazer Family Foundation. （23-24高二下·甘肃兰州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 May Day is not only a time for people 1 (enjoy) a long holiday break, but also an occasion to show respect for Chinese workers who work hard and constantly devote themselves 2 keeping the nation running and moving forward. And the farmers who help safeguard China’s “rice bowls” are worthy of special 3 (appreciate). Despite 4 ( have ) only about nine percent of the world’s arable (可耕的) land, China feeds around one-fifth of the global population. As 5 result, China has placed a high value on agricultural development and rural revitalization (振兴) and has been 6 (active) promoting smart farming. Over the last few years, significant changes 7 (take) place in the management and marketing of agriculture in China. A new generation of farmers is using 8 (advance) agricultural machines, agronomy (农学) technologies, artificial intelligence, 5G and the Internet of Things as 9 (they) “farm tools”, which not only improve field management but also increase sales of agricultural products. In addition, an increasing number of farmers, 10 are knowledgeable in digital and Internet technologies, have been using live streaming e-commerce to sell local specialties online while sharing their rural life. With joint efforts, China’s agriculture is expected to have a promising future. （23-24高二下·河南洛阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China-made autonomous sweepers are grabbing attention all over the globe, as the country uses its technological expertise (专长) 1 (release) new quality productive forces in the field of cleanliness. A Shanghai-based high-tech company has received 2 world’s first road testing license for autonomous sweepers. The company’s latest product, 3 (launch) in March, combines three cleanliness tasks—sweeping, road spraying, and garbage transportation and is able to cut overall cleanliness operation costs by 70 percent. Equipped 4 technologies including millimeter-wave radars (雷达), cameras and high-precision positioning, the sweepers can achieve precise edge fitting, safe obstacle (障碍) avoidance, emergency avoidance, flexible turning and direction switching during operation. In recent months, its advanced technology and features have attracted the attention of several local residents as well as 5 (visitor). The vehicles operate powerfully, especially during extreme weather. After completing the daily cleaning tasks, they 6 (automatic) drive to the garbage collection area and complete dumping (倾倒) task by 7 (they). Liang Haiming, director of Hainan University’s Belt and Road Research Institute, said that unmanned sweepers made in China have advantages in automation technology, smart management and the application of new energy, 8 helps to improve safety and work 9 (efficient). “In addition to cleanliness, the field of autonomous driving 10 (include) limited and low-speed environments such as distribution, shared travel, public transportation, ports and terminals, and mining operations,” Liang said. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$