Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题完形填空练习-2025-2026学年高二英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题完形填空练习 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题：科学技术与科学家 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 In many ways, Gitanjali Rao is an ordinary 11-year-old, lively and chatty. But her scientific 1 makes a huge difference. Last month, she won the top 2 at the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge for her invention. What 3 Gitanjali’s work was that her city faced a water emergency with too much lead (铅) in its water. “The idea didn’t 4 to me until I saw my parents try to do water tests. The test strips may show inaccurate (不准确的) results, which weren’t very 5 ,” she recalls. She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts and 6 found that carbon nanotube (纳米管) sensors could be used to sense chemicals. Gitanjali 7 to build a small blue housing using the 3D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside. A free app, which Gitanjali designed under the 8 from her computer science teacher, gives instant results and 9 the data to a linked phone through an attached device. The process of designing her project wasn’t always 10 , though. Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer, 11 along the way. In the award ceremony, Gitanjali also expressed her 12 to her parents for their constant support and 13 to try “crazy ideas”. Gitanjali received $25,000 to further develop her program along with the great 14 of winning the contest. According to Shafer, who 15 Gitanjali, “she shows a lot of motivation to solve practical issues through science.” 1．A．spirit B．training C．memory D．guide 2．A．support B．prize C．offer D．game 3．A．exposed B．improved C．inspired D．took 4．A．stick B．belong C．apply D．occur 5．A．reliable B．simple C．mild D．creative 6．A．immediately B．eventually C．sharply D．passively 7．A．promised B．managed C．pretended D．happened 8．A．observation B．command C．control D．instruction 9．A．sends B．owes C．explains D．attaches 10．A．optional B．complete C．smooth D．continuous 11．A．helped B．changed C．risked D．followed 12．A．thanks B．stresses C．opinions D．results 13．A．request B．encouragement C．struggle D．pressure 14．A．fortune B．intention C．impact D．honor 15．A．keeps with B．gets along with C．speaks highly of D．takes care of 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了Gitanjali获得探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛最高奖一事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她的科学精神带来了巨大的影响。A. spirit精神；B. training训练；C. memory记忆；D. guide指导。根据下文“at the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge for her invention”以及语境可知，这里指Gitanjali发明净水装置并获奖，是她的科学精神起了作用。spirit符合语境，体现她的科研热情。故选A项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：上个月，她因发明获得了“探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛”的最高奖项。A. support支持；B. prize奖项；C. offer提议；D. game游戏。根据上文“won the top”及比赛名称可知，此处指她获得最高奖项。prize符合语义。故选B项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：激发Gitanjali工作的是她的城市面临饮水紧急状况，水中铅含量过高。A. exposed暴露；B. improved改善；C. inspired激发；D. took带走。根据下文“her city faced a water emergency”可知，这里指这一现状是激发她的发明动机。inspired符合因果逻辑。故选C项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“直到我看到父母尝试做水质测试，这个想法才出现在我脑海中。”A. stick坚持；B. belong属于；C. apply申请；D. occur发生。根据上文“The idea didn’t”以及语境可知，这里表示这个想法出现在Gitanjali脑海中，occur to sb.，为固定搭配，意为“某人想到”，符合语境中想法的产生。故选D项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：测试条可能显示不准确的结果，不太可靠。A. reliable可靠的；B. simple简单的；C. mild温和的；D. creative有创造力的。根据上文“inaccurate results”可知，这里指结果不可靠。reliable与inaccurate形成反义呼应。故选A项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她不断努力寻找合适的材料，最终发现碳纳米管传感器可用于检测化学物质。A. immediately立即；B. eventually最终；C. sharply急剧地；D. passively被动地。根据上文“with continued efforts”以及语境可知，这里指Gitanjali经过努力最终找到解决方案。eventually体现过程的持续性。故选B项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gitanjali设法用学校的3D打印机制作了一个蓝色的小外壳，里面有电脑芯片和电池。A. promised承诺；B. managed设法完成；C. pretended假装；D. happened发生。根据下文“to build a small blue housing using the 3D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside”以及语境可知，这里指Gitanjali成功完成了她的发明，manage to do sth.，表示“成功做成某事”，符合她完成发明的语境。故选B项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gitanjali在计算机科学老师的指导下设计了一个免费应用程序。A. observation观察；B. command命令；C. control控制；D. instruction指导。根据下文“from her computer science teacher”以及语境可知，这里指她在老师的指导下设计应用程序。instruction符合师生关系。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该应用程序通过附加设备将数据发送到关联手机，提供即时结果。A. sends发送；B. owes欠；C. explains解释；D. attaches附上。根据下文“the data to a linked phone through an attached device”以及语境可知，这里指将数据发送到关联手机，send data to...，表示“将数据发送到……”，符合技术设备的数据传输逻辑。故选A项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过，设计项目的过程并不总是顺利的，尽管科学家Kathleen Shafer在暑期作为Gitanjali的老师，一路帮助她。A. optional可选的；B. complete完整的；C. smooth顺利的；D. continuous持续的。根据下文“Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer”以及though表转折可知，后文讲有科学家帮助Gitanjali，而此处强调过程还是不顺利，smooth符合语义转折。故选C项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，设计项目的过程并不总是顺利的，尽管科学家Kathleen Shafer在暑期作为Gitanjali 的老师，一路帮助她。A. helped帮助；B. changed改变；C. risked冒险；D. followed跟随。根据上文“as her teacher”以及语境可知，这里指老师在过程中帮助了她，helped符合师生协作关系。故选A项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在颁奖典礼上，Gitanjali还感谢她的父母一直以来对她尝试“疯狂想法”的支持和鼓励。A. thanks感谢；B. stresses强调；C. opinions观点；D. results结果。根据下文“for their constant support”以及语境可知，这里指Gitanjali感谢她的父母对她的支持，express thanks to sb.，为固定搭配，指“向某人致谢”，符合颁奖时的感恩语境。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在颁奖典礼上，Gitanjali还感谢她的父母一直以来对她尝试“疯狂想法”的支持和鼓励。A. request请求；B. encouragement鼓励；C. struggle挣扎；D. pressure压力。根据下文“to try ‘crazy ideas’”可知，这里指父母给予的是鼓励她尝试想法。encouragement与上文support并列呼应。故选B项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gitanjali 获得了2.5万美元用于进一步开发项目，同时也赢得了比赛的巨大荣誉。A. fortune财富；B. intention意图；C. impact影响；D. honor荣誉。根据下文“of winning the contest”以及语境可知，这里指Gitanjali的获奖荣誉，与奖金并列，体现比赛的双重收获。故选D项。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：据高度评价Gitanjali的Shafer说：“她表现出通过科学解决实际问题的强烈动机。”A. keeps with保持；B. gets along with与……相处；C. speaks highly of高度评价；D. takes care of照顾。根据引号内“she shows a lot of motivation to solve practical issues through science”正面评价可知，这里指Shafer高度评价Gitanjali。故选C项。 Stephen Hawking not only changed the way that people thought about science, but also changed the way people viewed 1 . He was diagnosed with motor neurone disease (运动神经元疾病) in his twenties. Many of his scientific discoveries were made while his body was   2 . When Hawking studied for his undergraduate at Oxford University, he had a 3 for being lively, humorous and popular. However, during his final year at Oxford, he was becoming very clumsy and fell over for no particular reason. When noticing his speech began to be 4 , Hawking sought medical help. It was then that he was diagnosed with the disease. Doctors at the time gave him less than two years to live. Luckily, he survived. However, after his diagnosis, his 5 failed quickly. Throughout the 1960s, he required a stick to walk, 6 a wheelchair for many years. It was only by the end of the 1960s that he 7 accepted he would need a full-time mobility aid. Despite Hawking’s poor health, he made some important scientific 8 . It was in 1974 that he discovered what now is 9 as “Hawking Radiation”. Later, in 1988, Hawking published his book A Brief History of Time, 10 the universe to the public. It was his 11 — focusing on what was possible rather than impossible — that defined his public image. His books made science easily 12 to a wider public. Hawking once said, “My advice to other people would be: 13 things your disability doesn’t prevent you from doing well, and don’t 14 the things it interferes with (干扰). Don’t be 15 in spirit, as well as physically.” 1．A．nature B．disability C．knowledge D．responsibility 2．A．growing B．recovering C．trembling D．failing 3．A．fancy B．request C．preference D．reputation 4．A．unclear B．boring C．brief D．short 5．A．health B．mind C．sight D．memory 6．A．preparing B．receiving C．refusing D．pushing 7．A．rapidly B．formally C．accidentally D．finally 8．A．experiments B．instruments C．achievements D．researches 9．A．tried out B．referred to C．chosen D．misunderstood 10．A．mentioning B．promising C．leading D．introducing 11．A．determination B．creativity C．potential D．carefulness 12．A．acceptable B．accessible C．suitable D．affordable 13．A．give up B．leave behind C．gather up D．concentrate on 14．A．regret B．share C．forget D．accept 15．A．tired B．surprised C．disabled D．worried 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍斯蒂芬·霍金在被诊断出患有运动神经元疾病后，仍在科学领域取得重要成就，并改变了人们看待残疾的方式的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬·霍金不仅改变了人们思考科学的方式，还改变了人们看待残疾的方式。A. nature自然；B. disability残疾；C. knowledge知识；D. responsibility责任。根据下文“Throughout the 1960s, he required a stick to walk, ___6___ a wheelchair for many years.”并结合他虽然残疾但在物理领域取得巨大成就可知，他改变了人们对“残疾”的看法。故选B项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的许多科学发现都是在身体衰退时取得的。A. growing成长；B. recovering恢复；C. trembling颤抖；D. failing衰退。根据上文的“He was diagnosed with motor neurone disease (运动神经元疾病) in his twenties.”可知，他的身体在“衰退”。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当霍金在牛津大学读本科时，他以活泼、幽默和受欢迎而闻名。A. fancy幻想；B. request请求；C. preference偏爱；D. reputation名声。根据下文的“for being lively, humorous and popular.”可知，霍金因为活泼、幽默和受欢迎而出名，have a reputation for“以……闻名”是固定搭配。故选D项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当注意到他的讲话开始变得不清楚时，霍金寻求了医疗帮助。A. unclear不清楚的；B. boring无聊的；C. brief简短的；D. short短的。根据下文的“Hawking sought medical help.”及病情可知，他的讲话变得“不清楚”符合语境。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在他被诊断出病情后，他的健康状况迅速恶化。A. health健康；B. mind思维；C. sight视力；D. memory记忆。根据上文的“Doctors at the time gave him less than two years to live.”以及下文的“Despite Hawking’s poor health”可知，他的“健康”状况恶化。故选A项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在整个20世纪6年代，他需要拐杖走路，多年来拒绝坐轮椅。A. preparing准备；B. receiving收到；C. refusing拒绝；D. pushing推。根据下文的“It was only by the end of the 196s that he ___7___ accepted he would need a full-time mobility aid.”及转折语境可知，此处指的是他“拒绝”坐轮椅。故选C项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：直到20世纪60年代末，他终于接受了自己需要全时移动辅助工具。A. rapidly迅速地；B. formally正式地；C. accidentally偶然地；D. finally终于。根据上文的“It was only by the end of the 1960s that”以及下文的“accepted he would need a full-time mobility aid.”可知，此处指他“最终”接受了需要全时助行器的事实。故选D项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管霍金身体不好，他还是取得了一些重要的科学成就。A. experiments实验；B. instruments仪器；C. achievements成就；D. researches研究。根据上文的“Many of his scientific discoveries were made while his body was  ___2___ .”以及下文的“he discovered what now is ___9___ as “Hawking Radiation”. Later, in 1988, Hawking published his book A Brief History of Time, ___10___ the universe to the public.”可知，此处指他做出了许多重要的科学“成就”符合语境。故选C项。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：1974年，他发现了现在被称为“霍金辐射”的东西。A. tried out试验；B. referred to提及、称为；C. chosen选择；D. misunderstood误解。根据下文的“as “Hawking Radiation.””可知，此处指被称为“霍金辐射”的东西，be referred to as为固定搭配，意为“被称为”。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，在1988年，霍金出版了他的《时间简史》，向公众介绍宇宙。A. mentioning提到；B. promising承诺；C. leading引导；D. introducing介绍。根据上文的“Later, in 1988, Hawking published his book A Brief History of Time”可知，1988年霍金出版了他的《时间简史》，结合下文的“the universe to the public.”可知，此处指的是这本书向公众“介绍”宇宙。故选D项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是他的决心——专注于可能的事情而不是不可能的事情——定义了他的公众形象。A. determination决心；B. creativity创造力；C. potential潜力；D. carefulness细心。根据下文的“focusing on what was possible rather than impossible”可知，此处指他的“决心”塑造了他的公众形象。故选A项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的书使更广泛的公众容易理解科学。A. acceptable可接受的；B. accessible易理解的；C. suitable合适的；D. affordable负担得起的。根据上文的“His books made science easily”可知，他的书让科学变得“易理解”符合语境。故选B项。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：霍金曾经说过：“我对其他人的建议是：专注于你的残疾并不会妨碍你做好的事情，不要为它所干扰的事情而悲伤。不要在精神上和身体上都残疾。”A. give up放弃；B. leave behind遗弃；C. gather up收集；D. concentrate on专注于。根据上文的“focusing on what was possible”可知，此处指“专注于”你的残疾并不会阻止你做好的事情。故选D项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍金曾经说过：“我对其他人的建议是：专注于你的残疾并不会妨碍你做好的事情，不要为它所干扰的事情而悲伤。不要在精神上和身体上都残疾。”A. regret后悔；B. share分享；C. forget忘记；D. accept接受。根据语境以及下文的“it interferes with (干扰).”可知，不要“后悔”残疾干扰的事情。故选A项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：霍金曾经说过：“我对其他人的建议是：专注于你的残疾并不会妨碍你做好的事情，不要为它所干扰的事情而悲伤。不要在精神上和身体上都残疾。”A. tired累的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. disabled残疾的；D. worried担心的。根据语境和下文的“as well as physically”可知，霍金虽然身体伤残疾，但取得很大的成就，由此可知，他建议不要向身体上残疾一样，精神也“残疾”。故选C项。 Heman Bekele, a teen from the US, has been honoured for his work about skin cancer treatment. Heman was four years old when he started conducting his own 1 experiments at home. At six, he realized he wanted to 2 the world in some way using science. He has witnessed the 3 effects of the sun on labourers, who often 4 in the sun without skin protection. Heman was 5 to realize that the 6 of skin cancer treatment could be up to $42,000. So he decided to 7 an affordable treatment. After reading about a drug used to treat skin cancer that usually comes as a cream, Heman thought a bar of 8 could be the drug’s perfect vehicle (媒介) and he decided that it would be not only cost-effective, but more easily 9 . In 2023, Heman applied for 3M’s Young Scientist Challenge and was invited to 10 his speech to a group of judges. He was declared the winner. Months later, Heman met a biologist, Vito Rebecca, who had read about his work and found him 11 . With the help of Rebecca, Heman has thought a way to 12 the soap with a nanoparticle (纳米颗粒) that will 13 on the skin when the soap is washed away. “I’m really passionate about skin-cancer research,” he said. “It’s 14 unbelievable to think that one day my bar of soap will make a direct impact on someone’s life. That’s the 15 I started this all in the first place.” 1．A．science B．field C．animal D．plant 2．A．study B．help C．manage D．protect 3．A．damaging B．important C．interesting D．weak 4．A．sit B．stand C．work D．sleep 5．A．excited B．happy C．nervous D．shocked 6．A．tax B．expense C．profit D．fine 7．A．put up with B．keep up with C．come up with D．stand up with 8．A．wood B．bread C．cheese D．soap 9．A．accessible B．influenced C．controlled D．breakable 10．A．send B．teach C．deliver D．write 11．A．honest B．puzzling C．difficult D．inspiring 12．A．combine B．compare C．connect D．fasten 13．A．fall B．remain C．rely D．move 14．A．mainly B．completely C．usually D．possibly 15．A．tip B．way C．chance D．reason 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了美国少年Heman Bekele因其在皮肤癌治疗方面的工作而受到表彰的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Heman四岁时就开始在家做自己的科学实验。A. science科学；B. field领域；C. animal动物；D. plant植物。根据下文的“At six, he realized he wanted to ___2___ the world in some way using science.”可知，Heman想用科学来帮助世界，所以此处指他从小就在家做科学实验。故选A项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：六岁时，他意识到自己想用科学以某种方式帮助世界。A. study学习；B. help帮助；C. manage管理；D. protect保护。根据下文的“He has witnessed the ___3___ effects of the sun on labourers, who often ___4___ in the sun without skin protection.”可知，Heman目睹了阳光对劳动者的伤害，以及下文提到他研发治疗皮肤癌的药物，可知他是想用科学来帮助世界。故选B项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他目睹了阳光对劳动者的破坏性影响，他们经常在没有皮肤保护的情况下在阳光下工作。A. damaging破坏性的；B. important重要的；C. interesting有趣的；D. weak虚弱的。根据下文的“the ___6___ of skin cancer treatment could be up to $42,000.”可知，皮肤癌的治疗费用很高，可推测阳光对劳动者的伤害是破坏性的。故选A项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他目睹了阳光对劳动者的破坏性影响，他们经常在没有皮肤保护的情况下在阳光下工作。A. sit坐；B. stand站；C. work工作；D. sleep睡觉。根据前文提到的“labourers”和后文“in the sun without skin protection”可知，此处指劳动者在阳光下工作。故选C项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Heman很震惊地意识到，皮肤癌的治疗费用可能高达42000美元。A. excited兴奋的；B. happy高兴的；C. nervous紧张的；D. shocked震惊的。根据空后的“the ___6___ of skin cancer treatment could be up to $42,000.”可知，皮肤癌的治疗费用很高，所以Heman知道后很震惊。故选D项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Heman很震惊地意识到，皮肤癌的治疗费用可能高达42000美元。A. tax税；B. expense费用；C. profit利润；D. fine罚款。根据下文的“up to $42,000”可知，此处指皮肤癌的治疗费用。故选B项。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以他决定想出一个负担得起的治疗方法。A. put up with忍受；B. keep up with跟上；C. come up with想出；D. stand up with支持。根据上文提到的“So”以及后文的“an affordable treatment.”可知，空处与上文构成因果关系，上文提到皮肤癌的治疗费用很高，所以此处指Heman决定研发一种负担得起的治疗方法。故选C项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在阅读了一篇关于一种通常作为软膏用于治疗皮肤癌的药物后，Heman认为一块肥皂可以是这种药物的完美载体，并决定它不仅具有成本效益，而且更容易获得。A. wood木头；B. bread面包；C. cheese奶酪；D. soap肥皂。根据下文的“the soap with a nanoparticle”可知，此处指Heman想到用肥皂作为药物的载体。故选D项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. accessible可获得的；B. influenced受影响的；C. controlled被控制的；D. breakable易碎的。根据上文的“cost-effective”可知，此处与cost-effective并列，指肥皂不仅经济而且容易获得。故选A项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2023年，Heman申请了3M青年科学家挑战赛，并被邀请向一组评委发表演讲。A. send发送；B. teach教；C. deliver发表(演讲)；D. write写。根据空后的“his speech to a group of judges”可知，此处指Heman被邀请向一组评委发表演讲。故选C项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，Heman遇到了一位生物学家维托•丽贝卡，她读过他的成果（了解了Heman的工作成果），觉得他很是鼓舞人心。A. honest诚实的；B. puzzling令人困惑的；C. difficult困难的；D. inspiring鼓舞人心的，启发性的。根据上文提到的“Heman met a biologist, Vito Rebecca, who had read about his work”以及后文“With the help of Rebecca”可知，丽贝卡了解了Heman的成果，并且认为Heman的工作很鼓舞人心的，所以才帮助他。故选D项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在丽贝卡的帮助下，Heman想出了一种方法，用纳米颗粒将肥皂结合起来，当肥皂被冲走时，这种纳米颗粒会留在皮肤上。A. combine结合；B. compare比较；C. connect连接；D. fasten系牢。根据空后的“the soap with a nanoparticle”可知，此处指Heman想用纳米颗粒和肥皂结合起来。故选A项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. fall落下；B. remain保留，剩下；C. rely依赖；D. move移动。根据空后的“on the skin when the soap is washed away”可知，此处指纳米颗粒在肥皂被冲走后留在皮肤上。故选B项。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：想到有一天我的肥皂会对某人的生活产生直接影响，这真是太令人难以置信了。A. mainly主要地；B. completely完全地；C. usually通常；D. possibly可能地。根据空后的“unbelievable to think that one day my bar of soap will make a direct impact on someone’s life.”可知，此处指Heman研发肥皂治疗皮肤癌这件事是完全令人难以置信的。故选B项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是我最初开始这一切的原因。A. tip提示；B. way方法；C. chance机会；D. reason原因。根据上文提到的“It’s ___14___ unbelievable to think that one day my bar of soap will make a direct impact on someone’s life.”可知，此处指这就是Heman研发肥皂治疗皮肤癌的最初原因即他研究的肥皂会对某人的生活产生直接影响。故选D项。 Tim Wilson, an 18-year-old student at Barker College in Sydney, Australia, designed a soft robot that gives reassuring (使安心的) hugs. His 1 was his sister’s frequent trouble getting a good night’s sleep. “I saw the 2 of poor sleep on her,” Tim says. Therefore, for a high-school research project, he 3 to deal with “a real need in the world”. His 4 — a huggable, co-sleeping robot — won him a big prize at an international competition. Besides returning hugs, Tim’s 5 also copies breathing through its chest (胸膛), which gently rises and falls. “The robot even attempts to 6 its breathing rate to the hugger’s and mirror how fast the hugger’s breathing,” Tim says. “That part proved 7 . After all, a bedroom fan might be enough to throw off the gas levels. It’s not always going to be mirroring you 8 ,” he adds. “My sister 9 it very cute,” he says. “One of the things that surprised me was that she told me it was quite 10 and reassuring.” Some people 11 emotional support dogs. But some places might not 12 animals. In a super-clean hospital, an animal may cause a 13 to sick kids. “Being able to reassure kids is quite a 14 thing,” Tim says. “But it would be 15 if my product could do it.” 1．A．trip B．destination C．inspiration D．response 2．A．focus B．impact C．advice D．impression 3．A．decided B．failed C．refused D．disagreed 4．A．favorite B．function C．discovery D．solution 5．A．computer B．radio C．car D．machine 6．A．tie B．refer C．match D．combine 7．A．special B．creative C．effective D．difficult 8．A．exactly B．immediately C．carefully D．generally 9．A．made B．kept C．found D．proved 10．A．independent B．relaxing C．responsible D．frightening 11．A．give up B．die from C．figure out D．benefit from 12．A．allow B．feed C．request D．absorb 13．A．difference B．choice C．risk D．chance 14．A．typical B．challenging C．convenient D．promising 15．A．cool B．real C．flexible D．normal 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述澳大利亚学生蒂姆·威尔逊为解决妹妹睡眠问题，设计出能安抚拥抱的软机器人的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的灵感来源于妹妹经常难以睡个好觉的问题。A. trip旅行；B. destination目的地；C. inspiration灵感；D. response回应。根据后文““I saw the ____2____ of poor sleep on her,” Tim says.”可知，妹妹的睡眠问题是他设计机器人的灵感来源。故选C项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：蒂姆说：“我看到了睡眠不好对她的影响。”A. focus焦点；B. impact影响；C. advice建议；D. impression印象。根据前文“His ____1____ was his sister’s frequent trouble getting a good night’s sleep.”及常识可知，此处指睡眠不好给妹妹带来的影响。故选B项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，在一个高中研究项目中，他决定解决“世界上一个真实存在的需求”。A. decided决定；B. failed失败；C. refused拒绝；D. disagreed不同意。根据前文看到妹妹受睡眠问题困扰，及后文“to deal with “a real need in the world.”可知，他决定解决这个需求。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的解决方案——一个可拥抱的、能共眠的机器人——为他在一场国际比赛中赢得了大奖。A. favorite最喜欢的事物；B. function功能；C. discovery发现；D. solution解决方案。根据前文“a huggable, co-sleeping robot”可知，这个机器人是解决睡眠问题的方案。故选D项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了回抱，蒂姆设计的这个机器还能通过胸膛模拟呼吸，胸膛会轻轻起伏。A. computer电脑；B. radio收音机；C. car汽车；D. machine机器。根据前文“a huggable, co-sleeping robot”可知，此处指这个机器人，即机器。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：蒂姆说：“这个机器人甚至会尝试调整自己的呼吸频率，以匹配拥抱者的呼吸频率，并模仿拥抱者的呼吸速度。”A. tie系；B. refer参考；C. match匹配；D. combine结合。根据后文“mirror how fast the hugger’s breathing”可知，机器人要让自身呼吸频率和拥抱者匹配。故选C项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，这部分很难实现。A. special特别的；B. creative有创造力的；C. effective有效的；D. difficult困难的。根据后文“After all, a bedroom fan might be enough to throw off the gas levels.”可知，卧室风扇都可能影响，说明这部分实现起来有难度。故选D项。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他补充道：“它并不总能完全准确地同步你的呼吸。”A. exactly精确地；B. immediately立刻；C. carefully仔细地；D. generally通常。根据前文“After all, a bedroom fan might be enough to throw off the gas levels.”可知，我是风扇可能影响，所以实现匹配呼吸有难度，由此可知，机器人无法完全精确同步。故选A项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我妹妹觉得它很可爱，”他说。A. made制作；B. kept保持；C. found发现、觉得；D. proved证明。根据后文“very cute”可知，此处指妹妹觉得机器人可爱。故选C项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“让我惊讶的一件事是，她告诉我它非常令人放松且能让人安心。”A. independent独立的；B. relaxing令人放松的；C. responsible负责的；D. frightening令人害怕的。根据前文的““My sister  ____9____  it very cute,” he says.”以及后文“and reassuring”可知，此处应填与“令人安心”相近的积极含义的词，“令人放松的”符合语境。故选B项。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有些人从情感辅助犬那里获益。A. give up放弃；B. die from死于；C. figure out弄明白；D. benefit from从……获益。根据后文“emotional support dogs”可知，情感支持犬能给人帮助，人们从中获益。故选D项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但有些地方可能不允许有动物。A. allow允许；B. feed喂养；C. request要求；D. absorb吸收。根据前文“Some people ____11____ emotional support dogs.”及转折词“But”可知，有些地方不允许动物存在，符合逻辑。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在超洁净的医院里，动物可能会给生病的孩子带来风险。A. difference差异；B. choice选择；C. risk风险；D. chance机会。根据前文“In a super-clean hospital”可知，医院环境特殊，动物可能带来风险。故选C项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：蒂姆说：“能让孩子们安心是一件相当有挑战性的事。”A. typical典型的；B. challenging有挑战性的；C. convenient方便的；D. promising有前途的。根据后文“But it would be ____15____ if my product could do it.”中的转折词but可知，让孩子安心不容易，有挑战性。故选B项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“但如果我的产品能做到这一点，那就太酷了。”A. cool酷的、很棒的；B. real真实的；C. flexible灵活的；D. normal正常的。根据前文““Being able to reassure kids is quite a ___14___ thing,” Tim says.”可知，让孩子安心有挑战，由此可知，此处蒂姆觉得若自己的产品能做到，是很棒的事。故选A项。 Some people say they are unhappy about technology (科技) because it takes up too much of their time. This isn’t 1 for me. Let me tell you why. I’m the youngest in the family. Because my brothers are away at 2 , I often feel lonely. Thanks to technology, I’m able to see and talk to them 3 using video calls. Sometimes, I even chat with their friends if they 4 to be around. My brothers and I are also friends on the Internet. I can see how their colleges 5 and what they are doing in their free time. I learn much more about my brothers 6 with the time when they were at home. One of them is good at taking photos, while the other 7 loves to be taken. With technology, I can communicate with my brothers anytime I want. They 8 a chat group just for the three of us. I often send messages to them, and they’ll answer whenever they are 9 . I often share my problems with them 10 they often give me some advice. They also tell me that I should always write in good English, or they won’t reply to my 11 . I have been writing so much that even my teachers notice that my 12 has improved. In a word, I don’t think that technology has 13 wrong. For my brothers and I, technology has brought us 14 . Now we communicate much more every day. We can also 15 what is happening in our lives better. Can technology bring us good or bad? It is up to how we use it. 1．A．true B．important C．fresh D．special 2．A．sea B．college C．work D．home 3．A．by B．for C．of D．from 4．A．ask B．want C．offer D．happen 5．A．look at B．look out C．look like D．look up 6．A．competed B．compared C．agreed D．provided 7．A．just B．luckily C．carefully D．suddenly 8．A．served B．bought C．made D．found 9．A．available B．upset C．necessary D．comfortable 10．A．after B．if C．and D．unless 11．A．letters B．messages C．emails D．opinions 12．A．writing B．speaking C．reading D．listening 13．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 14．A．louder B．angrier C．closer D．luckier 15．A．keep B．remember C．choose D．share 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己使用视频电话与远方的兄弟保持联系并从中受益的成长故事，说明科技对人际关系的积极影响，强调合理使用科技的重要性。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说并非如此。A. true真的，如实的；B. important重要的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. special特别的。根据上文“Some people say they are unhappy about technology (科技) because it takes up too much of their time.”以及下文作者讲述科技给自己带来的好处可知，别人认为科技不好，占用了他们太多的时间，但这对作者来说这种说法不符合事实，即作者不这样认为。故选A项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我的哥哥们在上大学，我经常感到孤独。A. sea海洋；B. college大学；C. work工作；D. home家。根据下文“I can see how their colleges ___5___ and what they are doing in their free time.”可知，作者感到孤独，应该是哥哥们在上大学。故选B项。 3．考查介词词义辨析。句意：多亏了科技，我能够通过视频通话看到他们并和他们交谈。A. by通过；B. for为了；C. of关于，属于；D. from从。根据下文的“using video calls”可知，通过视频通话作者能够看到哥哥们并和他们交谈。故选A项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，如果他们碰巧在旁边，我甚至和他们的朋友聊天。A. ask问；B. want想要；C. offer提供；D. happen发生。根据上文的“Sometimes, I even chat with their friends”可知，此处指哥哥们的朋友碰巧在旁边时，作者会和他们聊天，happen to do sth. 意为 “碰巧做某事”。故选D项。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我能看到他们的大学是什么样子以及他们在空闲时间做什么。A. look at看；B. look out小心；C. look like看起来像；D. look up查阅。根据上文的“My brothers and I are also friends on the Internet.”可知，作者和哥哥们都有网上的朋友，结合“how their colleges”以及下文的“and what they are doing in their free time.”可知，此处指通过网路可以了解他们大学看起来是什么样子以及他们在空闲时做什么。故选C项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：和他们在家的时候相比，我对我的哥哥们了解得更多。A. competed竞争；B. compared比较；C. agreed同意；D. provided提供。根据语境和上文的“I learn much more about my brothers”可知，此处指的是通过网络，对哥哥们了解的更多，由此可知，此处指的是和哥哥们在家的时候作比较，compared with 意为“和……相比”。故选B项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：其中一个擅长拍照，而另一个只是喜欢被拍。A. just只是；B. luckily幸运地；C. carefully仔细地；D. suddenly突然地。根据上文的“One of them is good at taking photos”以及while可知，while前后为对比关系，所以此处指的是一个擅长拍照，另一个“只是”喜欢被拍。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们为我们三个人建了一个聊天群。A. served服务；B. bought买；C. made制作，建造；D. found发现。根据空后“a chat group just for the three of us”以及下文“I often send messages to them, and they’ll answer whenever they are ___9___ .”可知，作者经常给他们发信息，他们可以给他回复，由此可知，此处指的是建了一个聊天群。故选C项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我经常给他们发信息，只要他们有空就会回复我。A. available有空的；B. upset沮丧的；C. necessary必要的；D. comfortable舒服的。根据上文的“they’ll answer”可知，此处指的是只要哥哥们有空就会回复信息。故选A项。 10．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我经常和他们分享我的问题，并且他们经常给我一些建议。A. after在……之后；B. if如果；C. and并且；D. unless除非。根据上文的“I often share my problems with them”以及下文的“they often give me some advice”句意可知，前后是并列关系，用and连接。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们还告诉我，我应该一直用流利的英语写作，否则他们不会回复我的信息。A. letters信件；B. messages信息；C. emails电子邮件；D. opinions意见，观点。根据上文“I often send messages to them, and they’ll answer whenever they are ___9___ .”可知，作者经常哥哥们发信息，而他们有空就给作者恢复，结合“They also tell me that I should always write in good English, or they won’t reply”可知，此处指的是哥哥们对作者提出要求：如果不用流利的英语写作，就不会回复作者信息。故选B项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我写了很多，甚至我的老师都注意到我的写作能力提高了。A. writing写作；B. speaking说话；C. reading阅读；D. listening听。根据上文“They also tell me that I should always write in good English”可知，此处指的是写作能力提高了。故选A项。 13．考查代词词义辨析。句意：总之，我认为科技没有什么错。A. something某事；B. anything任何事；C. everything每件事；D. nothing没有什么。根据语境和上文“With technology, I can communicate with my brothers anytime I want.”可知，作者讲述科技给自己带来的好处，由此可知，作者认为科技没有什么错，I don’t think that为否定迁移，表示“没有什么错”，否定句中用anything，not...anything wrong = nothing wrong。故选B项。 14．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：对我和我的哥哥们来说，科技让我们更亲近。A. louder更大声的；B. angrier更生气的；C. closer更近的；D. luckier更幸运的。根据上文“With technology, I can communicate with my brothers anytime I want. They ___8___ a chat group just for the three of us. I often send messages to them, and they’ll answer whenever they are ___9___ .”以及“I learn much more about my brothers”可知，作者通过科技和哥哥们保持联系，分享问题和生活，彼此了解更多，科技让他们更亲近。故选C项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们也能更好地分享我们生活中发生的事情。A. keep保持；B. remember记得；C. choose选择；D. share分享。根据上文“I can see how their colleges ___5___ and what they are doing in their free time. I learn much more about my brothers ___6___ with the time when they were at home. One of them is good at taking photos, while the other ___7___ loves to be taken.”作者和哥哥们通过聊天群交流，分享问题等可知，是更好地分享生活中发生的事情。故选D项。 For most 12-year-olds, any free time after school is spent hanging out with friends, competing in sports, or playing video games. But Alejandro Buxton has another 1 each week: making all natural candles that he 2 online and at a local mall. The idea was inspired by his mother, Patricia Buxton, who had to 3 many of the scented candles after realizing the chemicals within them were 4 her allergies (过敏反应), causing her frequent headaches. “My mom really loves candles,” he said. “It was hard to see that she was 5 .” So, at just 9 years old, Alejandro started experimenting with making his own, mixing 6 like soy and coconut wax (蜡) with essential oils. He 7 his first model after his favorite dinosaur “Jurassic Orange” for its color and fragrance. His mother liked it very much, and the scent didn’t cause her head to 8 . Soon after, Alejandro began selling his products on his own 9 . Now, he is operating his 10 in a location as well. He opened a stand in D．C．’s Tysons Corner shopping center-making him the youngest 11 at the mall. Besides 12 fellow kids with his business spirit and talent, Alcjandro is also a (n) 13 role model for giving back and making a difference. He 14 some of his profits to a local charity. He said, “We can 15 the world by helping each other.” 1．A．pursuit B．burden C．assignment D．chore 2．A．consults B．sells C．lights D．shows 3．A．sort out B．burn away C．cut up D．give up 4．A．curing B．spreading C．removing D．worsening 5．A．sad B．desperate C．sleepy D．crazy 6．A．products B．ingredients C．foods D．elements 7．A．named B．prepared C．arranged D．advertised 8．A．shake B．nod C．ache D．bend 9．A．store B．website C．stand D．right 10．A．machine B．project C．business D．factory 11．A．inventor B．customer C．maker D．renter 12．A．inspiring B．providing C．presenting D．combining 13．A．honest B．positive C．wealthy D．generous 14．A．owes B．declares C．donates D．reports 15．A．conquer B．rule C．create D．change 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述12岁的Alejandro受母亲过敏启发制作天然蜡烛销售，还将利润捐给慈善机构，展现商业天赋与爱心。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但Alejandro Buxton每周还有另一个追求：制作全天然蜡烛，并在网上和当地商场销售。A. pursuit追求；B. burden负担；C. assignment任务；D. chore家务。根据下文“making all natural candles that he 　2　 online and at a local mall”以及语境可知，制作并销售蜡烛的行为是他主动追求。故选A项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但Alejandro Buxton每周还有另一个追求：制作全天然蜡烛，并在网上和当地商场销售。A. consults咨询；B. sells销售；C. lights点燃；D. shows展示。根据下文“began selling his products”可知，此处指销售蜡烛，sell是原词复现。故选B项。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个想法源于他的母亲Patricia Buxton，她意识到蜡烛中的化学物质正在加重她的过敏反应，导致她频繁头痛后，不得不放弃许多香薰蜡烛。A. sort out分类；B. burn away燃烧；C. cut up切碎；D. give up放弃。根据下文“ her allergies (过敏反应), causing her frequent headaches”以及语境可知，因过敏反应严重，母亲不得不放弃使用香薰蜡烛。故选D项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个想法源于他的母亲Patricia Buxton，她意识到蜡烛中的化学物质正在加重她的过敏反应，导致她频繁头痛后，不得不放弃许多香薰蜡烛。A. curing治愈；B. spreading传播；C. removing移除；D. worsening加重。根据下文“causing her frequent headaches”以及语境可知，这里指化学物质导致过敏反应加重，引发头痛，符合逻辑。故选D项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“看到她难过很难受。”他说。A. sad难过的；B. desperate绝望的；C. sleepy困倦的；D. crazy疯狂的。根据上文“My mom really loves candles”以及语境可知，这里指母亲因不能使用喜爱的蜡烛而难过，符合语境。故选A项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，年仅9岁的Alejandro开始尝试自己制作（蜡烛），将大豆蜡、椰子蜡等原料与精油混合在一起。A. products产品；B. ingredients成分；C. foods食物；D. elements元素。根据下文“like soy and coconut wax (蜡) with essential oils”以及常识可知，大豆、椰子蜡和精油均为制作蜡烛的成分。故选B项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他以自己最喜欢的恐龙“侏罗纪之橙”命名了第一个模型，因为它的颜色和香味。A. named命名；B. prepared准备；C. arranged安排；D. advertised宣传。根据下文“his first model after his favorite dinosaur ‘Jurassic Orange’”以及语境可知，这里考查name...after...，表示“以…… 命名”，符合文意。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲非常喜欢它，而且这种香味没有让她的头疼痛。A. shake摇晃；B. nod点头；C. ache疼痛；D. bend弯曲。根据上文“causing her frequent headaches”可知，此处指香味不会导致头痛，ache与head构成固定搭配。故选C项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久之后，Alejandro开始在自己的网站上销售他的产品。A. store商店；B. website网站；C. stand摊位；D. right权利。根据上文“he 2　online and at a local mall”可知，这里指在网上销售，即在网站上销售。故选B项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，他也在一个地方经营他的生意。A. machine机器；B. project项目；C. business生意；D. factory工厂。根据上文“Alejandro began selling his products”可知，销售产品属于生意，后文“business spirit”也是提示。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在华盛顿特区的泰森角购物中心开了一个摊位，使他成为商场里最年轻的租户。A. inventor发明家；B. customer顾客；C. maker制造者；D. renter租户。根据上文“He opened a stand in D. C.’s Tysons Corner shopping center”以及语境可知，在商场经营摊位需租赁场地，故为租户。故选D项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了用他的商业精神和天赋激励其他孩子外，Alejandro也是一个积极的榜样，他懂得回馈社会并做出改变。A. inspiring激励；B. providing提供；C. presenting展示；D. combining结合。根据下文“with his business spirit and talent”以及语境可知，这里指作为年轻创业者，他的行为激励其他孩子，符合语境。故选A项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了用他的商业精神和天赋激励其他孩子外，Alejandro也是一个积极的榜样，他懂得回馈社会并做出改变。A. honest诚实的；B. positive积极的；C. wealthy富有的；D. generous慷慨的。根据下文“giving back and making a difference”可知，回馈社会以及作贡献的行为体现他是积极的榜样。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他将部分利润捐赠给当地一家慈善机构。A. owes欠；B. declares宣布；C. donates捐赠；D. reports报告。根据下文“some of his profits to a local charity”以及语境可知，这里考查donate...to...，表示“捐赠给……”，符合“回馈社会”的语境。故选C项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“我们可以通过互相帮助来改变世界。”A. conquer征服；B. rule统治；C. create创造；D. change改变。根据下文“helping each other”以及语境可知，帮助他人带来积极影响，即改变世界。故选D项。 When Marta Nowicka purchased a garage in 2018, many laughed at her. But through thoughtful renovations (翻新), she 1 the critics, creating a modern home that combined contemporary style with 2 living. Marta Nowicka, a successful 3 , began her experiment with a small budget on an old garage measuring just 45 square meters. The garage presented a unique opportunity in Dalston — an area where property prices are 4 and affordable housing is rare. 5 , Marta bought the property, 6 by her vision to turn it into a modern home. She named her creation “The Gouse”, a term she 7 , combining the words “garage” and “house”. To bring her vision to life, Marta personally designed the house. Given the limited land, she focused on vertical (垂直的) 8 , creating a three-storey structure that 9 used every inch of available space. To further 10 the home with its environment, the designer kept the garden. The original wooden garage gate was replaced with a brick wall featuring a hidden yellow brick door and a narrow window. Inside, the 11 was even more striking. Marta 12 the ground to create a semi-basement (半地下室) level, ensuring the house maintained the appearance of a traditional two- storey structure from the outside. Every 13 was designed with functionality and aesthetics (美学) in mind. Marta devoted herself to the project. After months of 14 work, the old garage was finally changed into an amazing 126-square-meter home. The project’s success demonstrates that even a garage can be reimagined into a comfortable home with 15 and determination. 1．A．blamed B．consulted C．suspected D．silenced 2．A．practical B．independent C．standard D．familiar 3．A．manager B．teacher C．designer D．doctor 4．A．rocketing B．acceptable C．appealing D．crashing 5．A．By mistake B．Without hesitation C．In turn D．At present 6．A．marked B．challenged C．bothered D．driven 7．A．recovered B．approved C．coined D．recommended 8．A．expansion B．separation C．progress D．contrast 9．A．temporarily B．cleverly C．unknowingly D．conservatively 10．A．arm B．confuse C．compare D．integrate 11．A．influence B．addition C．transformation D．purpose 12．A．cleared up B．dug into C．searched for D．looked over 13．A．space B．entrance C．material D．window 14．A．paid B．normal C．tireless D．joint 15．A．responsibility B．creativity C．honesty D．curiosity 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了设计师Marta Nowicka将旧车库改造成现代实用住宅的创新过程与成功经验。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但通过精心的翻新，她让那些批评者闭上了嘴，打造了一座将现代风格与实用生活结合在一起的现代住宅。A. blamed责备；B. consulted咨询；C. suspected怀疑；D. silenced使沉默。根据前文“many laughed at her”可知，起初很多人嘲笑她的决定，而通过努力，她最终证明了自己，让批评者不再嘲笑，即让他们闭嘴。故选D。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但通过精心的翻新，她让那些批评者闭上了嘴，打造了一座将现代风格与实用生活结合在一起的现代住宅。A. practical实用的；B. independent独立的；C. standard标准的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据后文描述，Marta设计的空间既美观又功能齐全，体现了实用性的特点。故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Marta Nowicka是一位成功的设计师，她以小预算开始了一次实验，改造一个仅45平方米的旧车库。A. manager经理；B. teacher教师；C. designer设计师；D. doctor医生。根据后文“Marta personally designed the house”可知，Marta她亲自设计房子，所以她是一位设计师。故选C。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个车库在Dalston提供了一个独特的机会——这是一个房价飞涨且经济适用房稀缺的地区。A. rocketing急剧上升的，飞涨的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. appealing吸引人的；D. crashing暴跌的。根据后文“affordable housing is rare”可知，该地区经济适用房稀缺，房价非常高。故选A。 5．考查介词短语辨析。句意：毫不犹豫地，Marta买下了这处房产，被将其改造成现代住宅的愿景所驱动。A. By mistake错误地；B. Without hesitation毫不犹豫地；C. In turn轮流，依次；D. At present目前。根据前文描述这个车库是个独特机会以及后文“Marta bought the property”可知，她是毫不犹豫地买下了房产。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：毫不犹豫地，Marta买下了这处房产，被将其改造成现代住宅的愿景所驱动。A. marked标记；B. challenged挑战；C. bothered打扰；D. driven驱使。根据后文“her vision to turn it into a modern home”可知，Marta受到自己愿景的激励。故选D。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她将自己的创作命名为“The Gouse”，这是她创造的一个词，结合了“garage”和“house”两个词。A. recovered恢复；B. approved批准；C. coined创造（新词等）；D. recommended推荐。根据后文“combining the words ‘garage’ and ‘house’”可知，这个词是她自己创造的。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鉴于土地有限，她专注于垂直扩展，创建了一个巧妙利用每一寸可用空间的三层结构。A. expansion扩展；B. separation分离；C. progress进步；D. contrast对比。根据前文“Given the limited land”以及后文“creating a three-storey structure”可知，土地有限，Marta通过垂直方向扩展空间。故选A。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：鉴于土地有限，她专注于垂直扩展，创建了一个巧妙利用每一寸可用空间的三层结构。A. temporarily暂时地；B. cleverly巧妙地；C. unknowingly不知不觉地；D. conservatively保守地。根据前文“Given the limited land”以及后文“used every inch of available space”可知，Marta要巧妙利用每一寸空间。故选B。         10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了进一步将住宅与其环境融合，设计师保留了花园。A. arm武装；B. confuse使困惑；C. compare比较；D. integrate融合。根据后文“the home with its environment, the designer kept the garden”可知，保留花园是为了让房子和环境更好地融合。故选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：内部的改造更加引人注目。A. influence影响；B. addition添加；C. transformation改造；D. purpose目的。根据前文对房子外部的改造以及后文“even more striking”可知，这里说的是房子内部的变化很大。故选C。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Marta挖掘地面，创建了一个半地下室层，确保房屋从外部看起来像传统的两层结构。A. cleared up清理；B. dug into挖掘；C. searched for寻找；D. looked over检查。根据后文“create a semi-basement level”可知，要创造半地下室层需要向下挖掘。故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个空间都经过精心设计，兼顾功能性和美学。A. space空间；B. entrance入口；C. material材料；D. window窗户。根据后文“designed with functionality and aesthetics in mind”可知，此处指每个空间的设计。故选A。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过数月不懈的努力工作，旧车库终于被改造成了一座令人惊叹的126平方米的住宅。A. paid有报酬的；B. normal正常的；C. tireless不懈的；D. joint共同的。根据前文“Marta devoted herself to the project”及后文“the old garage was finally changed”可知，Marta全身心投入项目，所以是数月不懈努力。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该项目的成功表明，只要有创造力和决心，即使是车库也可以被重新构想成一个舒适的家。A. responsibility责任；B. creativity创造力；C. honesty诚实；D. curiosity好奇心。根据前文描述她对车库的独特改造，可知这里强调的是创造力。故选B。 Jessica Matthews is an inventor who uses technology to help others. Born in the U. S. to Nigerian parents, she grew up with two cultures. This unique background 1 her to think about global problems in new ways. At 19, Jessica and her classmates came up with a 2 idea: a soccer ball that could produce electricity. The idea came to her during a trip to Nigeria, where she saw people struggling 3 electricity. The ball, called the Socket Ball, looks like a regular soccer ball but has a special feature. 4 you play with it, the ball collects energy from being kicked. After a game, this energy can 5 small devices (设备) like LED lights. For families without electricity, this invention is very 6 . 7 , the product faced problems. Many balls broke quickly, failing to last three years as promised. Negative reports followed, and reporters 8 the company’s efforts. Jessica’s company, Uncharted Play, 9 the issues and promised to improve. Despite these problems, Jessica eagerly 10 new projects with determination. Her latest invention is a jump rope that 11 electricity through the simple act of jumping. Jessica’s goal is to provide clean energy to people in need, especially in 12 areas. Her creativity and devotion show that even everyday activities can be 13 into solutions for bigger problems. For Jessica, simple activities like playing soccer or jumping rope are not just for 14 . They can be useful tools for solving big problems. Her story shows that creativity and hard work can turn ideas into real change. She believes that even small actions can make a big 15 . 1．A．inspired B．prevented C．informed D．forced 2．A．expensive B．comprehensive C．creative D．representative 3．A．with B．without C．through D．against 4．A．Before B．After C．If D．As 5．A．create B．make C．power D．perfect 6．A．handful B．helpful C．regretful D．faithful 7．A．However B．Otherwise C．Moreover D．Therefore 8．A．questioned B．acknowledged C．exposed D．approved 9．A．raised B．admitted C．ignored D．avoided 10．A．broke down B．turned up C．turned to D．broke into 11．A．generates B．reduces C．removes D．saves 12．A．urban B．remote C．rich D．surrounding 13．A．organized B．translated C．transformed D．divided 14．A．work B．fun C．study D．success 15．A．profit B．difference C．deal D．investment 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．B 15．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了发明家杰西卡・马修斯凭借独特的文化背景，想出了能发电的足球和跳绳等创新发明，旨在为缺乏电力的人们，尤其是偏远地区的人提供清洁能源。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种独特的背景激励她以新的方式思考全球问题。A. inspired激励；启发 ；B. prevented阻止；C. informed通知；D. forced强迫。根据上文“Born in the U.S. to Nigerian parents, she grew up with two cultures.”可知，她成长于两种文化环境中，这种经历应是给予她思考问题的灵感。由此可推知，是激励她以新方式思考问题。故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：19 岁时，杰西卡和她的同学们想出了一个有创意的想法：一个能发电的足球。A. expensive昂贵的；B. comprehensive全面的；综合的；C. creative有创意的；创造性的 ；D. representative有代表性的。根据下文“a soccer ball that could produce electricity”可知，能发电的足球这个想法很新颖独特。由此可推知，这是个有创意的想法。故选C。 3．考查介词词义辨析。句意：这个想法是她在去尼日利亚的一次旅行中产生的，在那里她看到人们在没有电的情况下艰难生活。A. with和；随着；B. without没有；C. through通过；穿过；D. against反对；违反。根据下文“where she saw people struggling”以及“For families without electricity”可知，她看到的是人们在没有电的状况下生活。由此可推知，这里是说人们在没有电的情况下挣扎。故选B。 4．考查连词词义辨析。句意：当你玩这个球的时候，球从被踢的过程中收集能量。A. Before 在……之前 ；B. After在……之后 ；C. If 如果；D. As当……时候。根据下文“the ball collects energy from being kicked”可知，球是在被踢的过程中收集能量。由此可推知，是当玩球的时候收集能量。故选D。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：比赛后，这种能量可以驱动像 LED 灯这样的小设备。A. create创造；B. make制作；C. power为……提供动力；驱动；D. perfect使完美；完善。根据上文“a soccer ball that could produce electricity”可知，球能发电。由此可推知，发的电可以为小设备提供动力。故选C。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于没有电的家庭来说，这个发明非常有帮助。A. handful难控制的；大量的；B. helpful有帮助的；C. regretful遗憾的；D. faithful忠诚的。根据上文“For families without electricity”可知，这些家庭没有电，而这个发明能提供电力。由此可推知，这个发明对他们很有帮助。故选B。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个产品面临着问题。A. However然而；B. Otherwise否则；要不然；C. Moreover此外；而且 ；D. Therefore因此；所以。根据上文提到发明对无电家庭有帮助，以及下文“Many balls broke quickly, failing to last three years as promised.”可知，前后是转折关系。由此可推知，这里用“然而”表示转折。故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：负面报道随之而来，记者们质疑公司的努力。A. questioned质疑；询问；B. acknowledged承认；认可；C. exposed暴露；揭露 ；D. approved批准；赞成。根据上文“Negative reports followed”可知，有负面报道。由此可推知，记者们会对公司的努力表示质疑。故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：杰西卡的公司，未知领域游戏公司，承认了这些问题并承诺改进。A. raised提出；提高；B. admitted承认；C. ignored忽视；D. avoided避免。根据下文“promised to improve”可知，公司承诺改进。由此可推知，公司先承认了存在的问题。故选B。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管存在这些问题，杰西卡坚定地转向了新的项目。A. broke down分解；发生故障；B. turned up出现；调大 ；C. turned to转向；求助于；D. broke into闯入；突然开始。根据下文“Despite these problems, Jessica eagerly”以及“new projects with determination”可知，杰西卡不顾问题坚定地去做新项目。故选C。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她最新的发明是一根跳绳，通过简单的跳绳动作就能发电。A. generates产生；生成；B. reduces减少；C. removes移除；除去 ；D. saves节省；拯救。根据上文“Her latest invention is a jump rope”以及下文“electricity through the simple act of jumping”可知，这是个能发电的跳绳。由此可推知，是通过跳绳产生电。故选A。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：杰西卡的目标是为有需要的人，尤其是偏远地区的人提供清洁能源。A. urban城市的；B. remote偏远的；C. rich富有的；D. surrounding周围的。根据上文“where she saw people struggling without electricity”以及“provide clean energy to people in need”可知，她想帮助的是像尼日利亚那些缺电地区的人。由此可推知，尤其是偏远地区缺电情况可能更严重。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的创造力和奉献精神表明，即使是日常活动也可以转化为解决更大问题的办法。A. organized组织；B. translated翻译；转化（侧重于语言等方面）；C. transformed转变；转化；D. divided划分；分开。根据上文“Her creativity and devotion show that even everyday activities can be”以及下文“into solutions for bigger problems”可知，日常活动能变成解决大问题的办法。由此可推知，是转化为解决办法，这里强调的是本质上的转变。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，像踢足球或跳绳这样的简单活动不只是为了娱乐。A. work工作；B. fun乐趣；娱乐；C. study学习；D. success成功。根据上文“simple activities like playing soccer or jumping rope”以及下文“They can be useful tools for solving big problems.”可知，这些活动有解决大问题的作用。由此可推知，它们不只是为了娱乐。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她相信即使是小的行动也能产生很大的影响。A.profit利润；收益 ；B. difference差异；影响（make a difference 为固定短语，意为 “有影响；起作用”） ；C. deal交易；大量；D. investment投资。根据文上文“Her story shows that creativity and hard work can turn ideas into real change.”可知，她的故事表明创造力和努力能带来改变。由此可推知，小行动也能产生大影响。故选B。 重难语篇提升练 Most of us think of electricity only when something goes wrong. A storm 1 the power out, or there’s a short in the wiring, or the monthly bill is unexpectedly high. Normally, we switch on, the juice flows, and we think nothing of it. According to the International Energy Agency, rising overall demand for electricity is outstripping (超过) the world’s efforts to improve efficiency and boost renewables. The fact is, economic development will inevitably require greater 2 of electricity. It is increasingly clear that nuclear power plants must play an important role in this equation (制衡关系). Nuclear power is, in many ways, the most promising source of zero-carbon electricity. Unlike solar, wind and water power, electricity from nuclear plants is 3 . Generators keep running when the sun is not shining, the wind is not blowing and water levels are low. Nevertheless, the industry has an uncertain and dangerous 4 . Take the United States as an example. There are fewer commercial reactors (商用核反应堆) in 5 today in the country than there were a generation ago. This year could see three commercial reactors 6 . There are plans to shut down about 20 more over the coming years. The problem is a misunderstanding of 7 . Humans are constantly exposed to radiation — from the sun, from the universe, from the very ground we walk on. The alarming near-meltdown at Pennsylvania’s Three Mile Island plant in 1979 8 exposed neighbors to about one-sixth the radiation dose they would receive from having a single X-ray. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates is one of a growing number of 9 who believe that cheaper, smaller reactors must play a significant part in the post-carbon energy mix. His company Terra Power has announced plans to build a next-generation nuclear reactor at the site of a former coal-fired power plant in Wyoming. The goal is to prove that nuclear power can be 10 to the grid (输电网) at a competitive price and on a reasonable timeline. I’m an optimistic supporter of renewable energy sources. I’m also a (n) 11 student of the various impediments (阻碍) to the growth of these sources. I agree with Gates that the surest path to net-zero carbon emissions is one that 12 every non-carbon energy source, including nuclear power. The model to have in mind is not the hulking plant like Chernobyl. Instead, let’s consider the small, reliable reactors that have 13 the United States’ submarines and aircraft carriers. In 50-plus years of cruising, they have had no 14 . Carbon emissions and other greenhouse gases are the environmental challenge of our age. Nuclear power is one tool for 15 ourselves of them — while keeping the lights on. 1．A．breaks B．knocks C．moves D．sends 2．A．costs B．benefit C．qualities D．supplies 3．A．affordable B．movable C．predictable D．variable 4．A．impact B．potential C．reputation D．tendency 5．A．operation B．demand C．charge D．preparation 6．A．rebuilt B．refunded C．restored D．retired 7．A．instructions B．policies C．risks D．tasks 8．A．ultimately B．exceedingly C．critically D．privately 9．A．employers B．investors C．operators D．researchers 10．A．added B．compared C．exposed D．returned 11．A．idealistic B．ignorant C．primitive D．realistic 12．A．monitors B．fascinates C．maximizes D．composes 13．A．assembled B．powered C．developed D．resembled 14．A．accident B．function C．improvement D．performance 15．A．accusing B．ridding C．reminding D．warning 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了核电作为零碳电力来源的潜力和重要性，以及公众对其风险的误解，强调了核电在实现碳中和目标中的作用。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：暴风雨导致停电，或者线路短路，或者每月账单出人意料地高。A. breaks打破；B. knocks敲打，把……撞击成(某种状态)；C. moves移动；D. sends发送。根据前文‌“Most of us think of electricity only when something goes wrong.”和后文列举“there’s a short in the wiring, or the monthly bill is unexpectedly high”可推知，“暴风雨导致停电”也是让人们想到电的糟糕情况之一；动词短语knock out意为“使无效”，knock the power out“切断电源”，符合语境。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，经济发展将不可避免地需要更多的电力供应。A. costs成本；B. benefit利益；C. qualities质量；D. supplies供应。根据前文‌“rising overall demand for electricity”和“economic development”可推知，经济发展导致电力的需求不断增加，因此需要更多的电力供应。故选D项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与太阳能、风能和水能不同，核电站的电力是可预测的。A. affordable负担得起的；B. movable可移动的；C. predictable可预测的；D. variable多变的。根据后文‌“Generators keep running when the sun is not shining, the wind is not blowing and water levels are low”可知，核电站的电力供应不受天气和水位等因素的影响，因此是可预测的。故选C项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个行业却背负着前途未卜且安全堪忧的名声。A. impact影响；B. potential潜力；C. reputation名声；D. tendency趋势。根据前文‌“the industry has an uncertain and dangerous”和“Take the United States as an example. There are fewer commercial reactors (商用核反应堆) in 5 today in the country than there were a generation ago.”可知，核电前景具有不确性，且常引发对其安全的担忧，常被人诟病，这是它的名声。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，该国正在运行的商用核反应堆比一代人之前要少。A. operation运行；B. demand需求；C. charge费用；D. preparation准备。根据前文‌“There are fewer commercial reactors”和后文‌“than there were a generation ago”可知，正在运行的商用核反应堆数量减少了；in operation表示“在运行中”。故选A项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年可能会有三个商用核反应堆退役。A. rebuilt重建；B. refunded退款；C. restored修复；D. retired退役。根据后文‌“There are plans to shut down about 20 more over the coming years”可知，未来几年计划关闭更多的商用核反应堆，因此今年可能会有三个退役。故选D项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题在于对风险的误解。A. instructions说明；B. policies政策；C. risks风险；D. tasks任务。根据后文‌“Humans are constantly exposed to radiation — from the sun, from the universe, from the very ground we walk on”和‌“The alarming near-meltdown at Pennsylvania’s Three Mile Island plant in 1979 8 exposed neighbors to about one-sixth the radiation dose they would receive from having a single X-ray”可知，人们认为核电辐射风险很大，但实际上人们一直在暴露于各种辐射中，像1979年宾夕法尼亚州三哩岛核电站的险情对附近居民的辐射剂量远低于一次X光检查，所以人们对核电的风险存在误解。故选C项。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1979年宾夕法尼亚州三哩岛核电站那场令人心惊的濒临熔毁事故，最终使周边居民承受的辐射剂量仅相当于接受一次X光检查的六分之一。A. ultimately最终；B. exceedingly极其；C. critically严重地；D. privately私下地。根据后文‌“exposed neighbors to about one-sixth the radiation dose they would receive from having a single X-ray”可知，附近居民暴露的辐射剂量约为他们接受一次X光检查的六分之一，这是最终测定的数据。故选A项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：微软联合创始人比尔·盖茨与越来越多投资者持有相同观点：更经济、更小型化的核反应堆必须在后碳时代的能源结构中发挥重要作用。A. employers雇主；B. investors投资者；C. operators操作员；D. researchers研究人员。根据后文‌“His company Terra Power has announced plans to build a next-generation nuclear reactor”可知，比尔·盖茨的公司计划建造下一代核反应堆，说明他是投资者之一。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此举旨在验证核能能够以具有竞争力的成本与合理的建设周期接入电网。A. added增加，接入；B. compared比较；C. exposed暴露；D. returned返回。根据后文‌“to the grid (输电网) at a competitive price and on a reasonable timeline”可知，核电要接入电网；be added to表示“被加入到”。故选A项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同时，对于这些能源在发展过程中面临的重重阻碍，我也保持着清醒现实的认知。A. idealistic理想主义的；B. ignorant无知的；C. primitive原始的；D. realistic现实的。根据前文“I’m an optimistic supporter of renewable energy sources.”和后文‌“the various impediments (阻碍) to the growth of these sources”可知，作者即对再生能源保持乐观，也对其发展阻碍有现实的认识。故选D项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我同意盖茨的观点，即实现零碳排放的最可靠途径是最大化利用每一种非碳能源，包括核能。A. monitors监控；B. fascinates使着迷；C. maximizes最大化；D. composes组成。根据前文“the surest path to net-zero carbon emissions”和后文‌“every non-carbon energy source, including nuclear power”可推知，实现零碳排放的最可靠途径是最大化利用每一种非碳能源。故选C项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，让我们考虑一下为美国潜艇和航空母舰提供动力的小型可靠反应堆。A. assembled组装；B. powered提供动力；C. developed发展；D. resembled相似。根据前文“the small, reliable reactors”和后文‌“the United States’ submarines and aircraft carriers”可知，此处指为美国潜艇和航空母舰提供动力的小型核反应堆。故选B项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在50多年的航行中，它们没有发生过事故。A. accident事故；B. function功能；C. improvement改进；D. performance表现。根据前文‌“reliable reactors”和“In 50-plus years of cruising”可知，这些小型反应堆很可靠，在50多年的航行中没有发生过事故。故选A项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：核电是使我们摆脱碳排放和其他温室气体的工具之一——同时保持电力供应。A. accusing指责；B. ridding摆脱；C. reminding提醒；D. warning警告。根据前文‌“Carbon emissions and other greenhouse gases are the environmental challenge of our age.”可知，碳排放与其他温室气体已成为我们这个时代最严峻的环境挑战，所以我们需要把核电作为摆脱它们的工具；rid sb of sth表示“使某人摆脱某物”。故选B项。 The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, 1 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 2 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 3 explosive. After years of 4 , in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 5 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 6 published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 7 to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly 8 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 9 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday. ” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 10 . He spent his lifetime alone 11 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to 12 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 13 , saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 14 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 15 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 1．A．remembering B．honouring C．crediting D．preparing 2．A．nature B．conduct C．flavour D．benefit 3．A．deadly B．bitter C．usable D．mild 4．A．innovations B．efforts C．hesitation D．association 5．A．brought up B．put up C．broke up D．built up 6．A．mistakenly B．purposefully C．officially D．scientifically 7．A．happy B．confused C．amused D．disappointed 8．A．praised B．blamed C．threatened D．appreciated 9．A．greedy B．essential C．rich D．sufficient 10．A．error B．warning C．threat D．consequence 11．A．destroying B．combining C．inventing D．stimulating 12．A．improve B．establish C．illustrate D．secure 13．A．request B．illustration C．will D．fortune 14．A．choices B．decisions C．profits D．contributions 15．A．gave away B．gave back C．gave off D．gave out 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. honouring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D. preparing准备。根据最后一段“his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace”可知，诺贝尔奖是用于表彰这些杰出的人们。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对硝酸甘油在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature自然、性质；B. conduct行为、举动；C. flavour味道；D. benefit利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对硝酸甘油在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文“in 1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. innovations创新；B. efforts努力；C. hesitation犹豫；D. association协会。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___3___ explosive.”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药，所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。 5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brought up抚养长大；B. put up张贴、提供食宿；C. broke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的哥哥路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purposefully故意地；C. officially官方地；D. scientifically科学地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”和下文“published Alfred’s obituary (讣告)”可知，是诺贝尔的哥哥过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. happy快乐的；B. confused困惑的；C. amused被逗乐的；D. disappointed失望的。通过下文“The newspaper strongly 　　8　　 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 　　9　　 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说：“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. threatened威胁；D. appreciated感激。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说：“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He ___5___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警示。A. error错误；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. consequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警示，说明他的公众形象并不好。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. destroying破坏；B. combining结合；C. inventing发明；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives.(在他的一生中，诺贝尔发明并获得了多项炸药的专利)”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱，以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. improve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure使安全。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustration说明、阐述；C. will遗嘱；D. fortune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年立了遗嘱。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. choices选择；B. decisions决定；C. profits利润；D. contributions贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___1___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。 15．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away赠送；B. gave back归还；C. gave off散发；D. gave out分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产，来创立五项诺贝尔奖。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题完形填空练习 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题：科学技术与科学家 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 In many ways, Gitanjali Rao is an ordinary 11-year-old, lively and chatty. But her scientific 1 makes a huge difference. Last month, she won the top 2 at the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge for her invention. What 3 Gitanjali’s work was that her city faced a water emergency with too much lead (铅) in its water. “The idea didn’t 4 to me until I saw my parents try to do water tests. The test strips may show inaccurate (不准确的) results, which weren’t very 5 ,” she recalls. She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts and 6 found that carbon nanotube (纳米管) sensors could be used to sense chemicals. Gitanjali 7 to build a small blue housing using the 3D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside. A free app, which Gitanjali designed under the 8 from her computer science teacher, gives instant results and 9 the data to a linked phone through an attached device. The process of designing her project wasn’t always 10 , though. Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer, 11 along the way. In the award ceremony, Gitanjali also expressed her 12 to her parents for their constant support and 13 to try “crazy ideas”. Gitanjali received $25,000 to further develop her program along with the great 14 of winning the contest. According to Shafer, who 15 Gitanjali, “she shows a lot of motivation to solve practical issues through science.” 1．A．spirit B．training C．memory D．guide 2．A．support B．prize C．offer D．game 3．A．exposed B．improved C．inspired D．took 4．A．stick B．belong C．apply D．occur 5．A．reliable B．simple C．mild D．creative 6．A．immediately B．eventually C．sharply D．passively 7．A．promised B．managed C．pretended D．happened 8．A．observation B．command C．control D．instruction 9．A．sends B．owes C．explains D．attaches 10．A．optional B．complete C．smooth D．continuous 11．A．helped B．changed C．risked D．followed 12．A．thanks B．stresses C．opinions D．results 13．A．request B．encouragement C．struggle D．pressure 14．A．fortune B．intention C．impact D．honor 15．A．keeps with B．gets along with C．speaks highly of D．takes care of Stephen Hawking not only changed the way that people thought about science, but also changed the way people viewed 1 . He was diagnosed with motor neurone disease (运动神经元疾病) in his twenties. Many of his scientific discoveries were made while his body was   2 . When Hawking studied for his undergraduate at Oxford University, he had a 3 for being lively, humorous and popular. However, during his final year at Oxford, he was becoming very clumsy and fell over for no particular reason. When noticing his speech began to be 4 , Hawking sought medical help. It was then that he was diagnosed with the disease. Doctors at the time gave him less than two years to live. Luckily, he survived. However, after his diagnosis, his 5 failed quickly. Throughout the 1960s, he required a stick to walk, 6 a wheelchair for many years. It was only by the end of the 1960s that he 7 accepted he would need a full-time mobility aid. Despite Hawking’s poor health, he made some important scientific 8 . It was in 1974 that he discovered what now is 9 as “Hawking Radiation”. Later, in 1988, Hawking published his book A Brief History of Time, 10 the universe to the public. It was his 11 — focusing on what was possible rather than impossible — that defined his public image. His books made science easily 12 to a wider public. Hawking once said, “My advice to other people would be: 13 things your disability doesn’t prevent you from doing well, and don’t 14 the things it interferes with (干扰). Don’t be 15 in spirit, as well as physically.” 1．A．nature B．disability C．knowledge D．responsibility 2．A．growing B．recovering C．trembling D．failing 3．A．fancy B．request C．preference D．reputation 4．A．unclear B．boring C．brief D．short 5．A．health B．mind C．sight D．memory 6．A．preparing B．receiving C．refusing D．pushing 7．A．rapidly B．formally C．accidentally D．finally 8．A．experiments B．instruments C．achievements D．researches 9．A．tried out B．referred to C．chosen D．misunderstood 10．A．mentioning B．promising C．leading D．introducing 11．A．determination B．creativity C．potential D．carefulness 12．A．acceptable B．accessible C．suitable D．affordable 13．A．give up B．leave behind C．gather up D．concentrate on 14．A．regret B．share C．forget D．accept 15．A．tired B．surprised C．disabled D．worried Heman Bekele, a teen from the US, has been honoured for his work about skin cancer treatment. Heman was four years old when he started conducting his own 1 experiments at home. At six, he realized he wanted to 2 the world in some way using science. He has witnessed the 3 effects of the sun on labourers, who often 4 in the sun without skin protection. Heman was 5 to realize that the 6 of skin cancer treatment could be up to $42,000. So he decided to 7 an affordable treatment. After reading about a drug used to treat skin cancer that usually comes as a cream, Heman thought a bar of 8 could be the drug’s perfect vehicle (媒介) and he decided that it would be not only cost-effective, but more easily 9 . In 2023, Heman applied for 3M’s Young Scientist Challenge and was invited to 10 his speech to a group of judges. He was declared the winner. Months later, Heman met a biologist, Vito Rebecca, who had read about his work and found him 11 . With the help of Rebecca, Heman has thought a way to 12 the soap with a nanoparticle (纳米颗粒) that will 13 on the skin when the soap is washed away. “I’m really passionate about skin-cancer research,” he said. “It’s 14 unbelievable to think that one day my bar of soap will make a direct impact on someone’s life. That’s the 15 I started this all in the first place.” 1．A．science B．field C．animal D．plant 2．A．study B．help C．manage D．protect 3．A．damaging B．important C．interesting D．weak 4．A．sit B．stand C．work D．sleep 5．A．excited B．happy C．nervous D．shocked 6．A．tax B．expense C．profit D．fine 7．A．put up with B．keep up with C．come up with D．stand up with 8．A．wood B．bread C．cheese D．soap 9．A．accessible B．influenced C．controlled D．breakable 10．A．send B．teach C．deliver D．write 11．A．honest B．puzzling C．difficult D．inspiring 12．A．combine B．compare C．connect D．fasten 13．A．fall B．remain C．rely D．move 14．A．mainly B．completely C．usually D．possibly 15．A．tip B．way C．chance D．reason Tim Wilson, an 18-year-old student at Barker College in Sydney, Australia, designed a soft robot that gives reassuring (使安心的) hugs. His 1 was his sister’s frequent trouble getting a good night’s sleep. “I saw the 2 of poor sleep on her,” Tim says. Therefore, for a high-school research project, he 3 to deal with “a real need in the world”. His 4 — a huggable, co-sleeping robot — won him a big prize at an international competition. Besides returning hugs, Tim’s 5 also copies breathing through its chest (胸膛), which gently rises and falls. “The robot even attempts to 6 its breathing rate to the hugger’s and mirror how fast the hugger’s breathing,” Tim says. “That part proved 7 . After all, a bedroom fan might be enough to throw off the gas levels. It’s not always going to be mirroring you 8 ,” he adds. “My sister 9 it very cute,” he says. “One of the things that surprised me was that she told me it was quite 10 and reassuring.” Some people 11 emotional support dogs. But some places might not 12 animals. In a super-clean hospital, an animal may cause a 13 to sick kids. “Being able to reassure kids is quite a 14 thing,” Tim says. “But it would be 15 if my product could do it.” 1．A．trip B．destination C．inspiration D．response 2．A．focus B．impact C．advice D．impression 3．A．decided B．failed C．refused D．disagreed 4．A．favorite B．function C．discovery D．solution 5．A．computer B．radio C．car D．machine 6．A．tie B．refer C．match D．combine 7．A．special B．creative C．effective D．difficult 8．A．exactly B．immediately C．carefully D．generally 9．A．made B．kept C．found D．proved 10．A．independent B．relaxing C．responsible D．frightening 11．A．give up B．die from C．figure out D．benefit from 12．A．allow B．feed C．request D．absorb 13．A．difference B．choice C．risk D．chance 14．A．typical B．challenging C．convenient D．promising 15．A．cool B．real C．flexible D．normal Some people say they are unhappy about technology (科技) because it takes up too much of their time. This isn’t 1 for me. Let me tell you why. I’m the youngest in the family. Because my brothers are away at 2 , I often feel lonely. Thanks to technology, I’m able to see and talk to them 3 using video calls. Sometimes, I even chat with their friends if they 4 to be around. My brothers and I are also friends on the Internet. I can see how their colleges 5 and what they are doing in their free time. I learn much more about my brothers 6 with the time when they were at home. One of them is good at taking photos, while the other 7 loves to be taken. With technology, I can communicate with my brothers anytime I want. They 8 a chat group just for the three of us. I often send messages to them, and they’ll answer whenever they are 9 . I often share my problems with them 10 they often give me some advice. They also tell me that I should always write in good English, or they won’t reply to my 11 . I have been writing so much that even my teachers notice that my 12 has improved. In a word, I don’t think that technology has 13 wrong. For my brothers and I, technology has brought us 14 . Now we communicate much more every day. We can also 15 what is happening in our lives better. Can technology bring us good or bad? It is up to how we use it. 1．A．true B．important C．fresh D．special 2．A．sea B．college C．work D．home 3．A．by B．for C．of D．from 4．A．ask B．want C．offer D．happen 5．A．look at B．look out C．look like D．look up 6．A．competed B．compared C．agreed D．provided 7．A．just B．luckily C．carefully D．suddenly 8．A．served B．bought C．made D．found 9．A．available B．upset C．necessary D．comfortable 10．A．after B．if C．and D．unless 11．A．letters B．messages C．emails D．opinions 12．A．writing B．speaking C．reading D．listening 13．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 14．A．louder B．angrier C．closer D．luckier 15．A．keep B．remember C．choose D．share For most 12-year-olds, any free time after school is spent hanging out with friends, competing in sports, or playing video games. But Alejandro Buxton has another 1 each week: making all natural candles that he 2 online and at a local mall. The idea was inspired by his mother, Patricia Buxton, who had to 3 many of the scented candles after realizing the chemicals within them were 4 her allergies (过敏反应), causing her frequent headaches. “My mom really loves candles,” he said. “It was hard to see that she was 5 .” So, at just 9 years old, Alejandro started experimenting with making his own, mixing 6 like soy and coconut wax (蜡) with essential oils. He 7 his first model after his favorite dinosaur “Jurassic Orange” for its color and fragrance. His mother liked it very much, and the scent didn’t cause her head to 8 . Soon after, Alejandro began selling his products on his own 9 . Now, he is operating his 10 in a location as well. He opened a stand in D．C．’s Tysons Corner shopping center-making him the youngest 11 at the mall. Besides 12 fellow kids with his business spirit and talent, Alcjandro is also a (n) 13 role model for giving back and making a difference. He 14 some of his profits to a local charity. He said, “We can 15 the world by helping each other.” 1．A．pursuit B．burden C．assignment D．chore 2．A．consults B．sells C．lights D．shows 3．A．sort out B．burn away C．cut up D．give up 4．A．curing B．spreading C．removing D．worsening 5．A．sad B．desperate C．sleepy D．crazy 6．A．products B．ingredients C．foods D．elements 7．A．named B．prepared C．arranged D．advertised 8．A．shake B．nod C．ache D．bend 9．A．store B．website C．stand D．right 10．A．machine B．project C．business D．factory 11．A．inventor B．customer C．maker D．renter 12．A．inspiring B．providing C．presenting D．combining 13．A．honest B．positive C．wealthy D．generous 14．A．owes B．declares C．donates D．reports 15．A．conquer B．rule C．create D．change When Marta Nowicka purchased a garage in 2018, many laughed at her. But through thoughtful renovations (翻新), she 1 the critics, creating a modern home that combined contemporary style with 2 living. Marta Nowicka, a successful 3 , began her experiment with a small budget on an old garage measuring just 45 square meters. The garage presented a unique opportunity in Dalston — an area where property prices are 4 and affordable housing is rare. 5 , Marta bought the property, 6 by her vision to turn it into a modern home. She named her creation “The Gouse”, a term she 7 , combining the words “garage” and “house”. To bring her vision to life, Marta personally designed the house. Given the limited land, she focused on vertical (垂直的) 8 , creating a three-storey structure that 9 used every inch of available space. To further 10 the home with its environment, the designer kept the garden. The original wooden garage gate was replaced with a brick wall featuring a hidden yellow brick door and a narrow window. Inside, the 11 was even more striking. Marta 12 the ground to create a semi-basement (半地下室) level, ensuring the house maintained the appearance of a traditional two- storey structure from the outside. Every 13 was designed with functionality and aesthetics (美学) in mind. Marta devoted herself to the project. After months of 14 work, the old garage was finally changed into an amazing 126-square-meter home. The project’s success demonstrates that even a garage can be reimagined into a comfortable home with 15 and determination. 1．A．blamed B．consulted C．suspected D．silenced 2．A．practical B．independent C．standard D．familiar 3．A．manager B．teacher C．designer D．doctor 4．A．rocketing B．acceptable C．appealing D．crashing 5．A．By mistake B．Without hesitation C．In turn D．At present 6．A．marked B．challenged C．bothered D．driven 7．A．recovered B．approved C．coined D．recommended 8．A．expansion B．separation C．progress D．contrast 9．A．temporarily B．cleverly C．unknowingly D．conservatively 10．A．arm B．confuse C．compare D．integrate 11．A．influence B．addition C．transformation D．purpose 12．A．cleared up B．dug into C．searched for D．looked over 13．A．space B．entrance C．material D．window 14．A．paid B．normal C．tireless D．joint 15．A．responsibility B．creativity C．honesty D．curiosity Jessica Matthews is an inventor who uses technology to help others. Born in the U. S. to Nigerian parents, she grew up with two cultures. This unique background 1 her to think about global problems in new ways. At 19, Jessica and her classmates came up with a 2 idea: a soccer ball that could produce electricity. The idea came to her during a trip to Nigeria, where she saw people struggling 3 electricity. The ball, called the Socket Ball, looks like a regular soccer ball but has a special feature. 4 you play with it, the ball collects energy from being kicked. After a game, this energy can 5 small devices (设备) like LED lights. For families without electricity, this invention is very 6 . 7 , the product faced problems. Many balls broke quickly, failing to last three years as promised. Negative reports followed, and reporters 8 the company’s efforts. Jessica’s company, Uncharted Play, 9 the issues and promised to improve. Despite these problems, Jessica eagerly 10 new projects with determination. Her latest invention is a jump rope that 11 electricity through the simple act of jumping. Jessica’s goal is to provide clean energy to people in need, especially in 12 areas. Her creativity and devotion show that even everyday activities can be 13 into solutions for bigger problems. For Jessica, simple activities like playing soccer or jumping rope are not just for 14 . They can be useful tools for solving big problems. Her story shows that creativity and hard work can turn ideas into real change. She believes that even small actions can make a big 15 . 1．A．inspired B．prevented C．informed D．forced 2．A．expensive B．comprehensive C．creative D．representative 3．A．with B．without C．through D．against 4．A．Before B．After C．If D．As 5．A．create B．make C．power D．perfect 6．A．handful B．helpful C．regretful D．faithful 7．A．However B．Otherwise C．Moreover D．Therefore 8．A．questioned B．acknowledged C．exposed D．approved 9．A．raised B．admitted C．ignored D．avoided 10．A．broke down B．turned up C．turned to D．broke into 11．A．generates B．reduces C．removes D．saves 12．A．urban B．remote C．rich D．surrounding 13．A．organized B．translated C．transformed D．divided 14．A．work B．fun C．study D．success 15．A．profit B．difference C．deal D．investment 重难语篇提升练 Most of us think of electricity only when something goes wrong. A storm 1 the power out, or there’s a short in the wiring, or the monthly bill is unexpectedly high. Normally, we switch on, the juice flows, and we think nothing of it. According to the International Energy Agency, rising overall demand for electricity is outstripping (超过) the world’s efforts to improve efficiency and boost renewables. The fact is, economic development will inevitably require greater 2 of electricity. It is increasingly clear that nuclear power plants must play an important role in this equation (制衡关系). Nuclear power is, in many ways, the most promising source of zero-carbon electricity. Unlike solar, wind and water power, electricity from nuclear plants is 3 . Generators keep running when the sun is not shining, the wind is not blowing and water levels are low. Nevertheless, the industry has an uncertain and dangerous 4 . Take the United States as an example. There are fewer commercial reactors (商用核反应堆) in 5 today in the country than there were a generation ago. This year could see three commercial reactors 6 . There are plans to shut down about 20 more over the coming years. The problem is a misunderstanding of 7 . Humans are constantly exposed to radiation — from the sun, from the universe, from the very ground we walk on. The alarming near-meltdown at Pennsylvania’s Three Mile Island plant in 1979 8 exposed neighbors to about one-sixth the radiation dose they would receive from having a single X-ray. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates is one of a growing number of 9 who believe that cheaper, smaller reactors must play a significant part in the post-carbon energy mix. His company Terra Power has announced plans to build a next-generation nuclear reactor at the site of a former coal-fired power plant in Wyoming. The goal is to prove that nuclear power can be 10 to the grid (输电网) at a competitive price and on a reasonable timeline. I’m an optimistic supporter of renewable energy sources. I’m also a (n) 11 student of the various impediments (阻碍) to the growth of these sources. I agree with Gates that the surest path to net-zero carbon emissions is one that 12 every non-carbon energy source, including nuclear power. The model to have in mind is not the hulking plant like Chernobyl. Instead, let’s consider the small, reliable reactors that have 13 the United States’ submarines and aircraft carriers. In 50-plus years of cruising, they have had no 14 . Carbon emissions and other greenhouse gases are the environmental challenge of our age. Nuclear power is one tool for 15 ourselves of them — while keeping the lights on. 1．A．breaks B．knocks C．moves D．sends 2．A．costs B．benefit C．qualities D．supplies 3．A．affordable B．movable C．predictable D．variable 4．A．impact B．potential C．reputation D．tendency 5．A．operation B．demand C．charge D．preparation 6．A．rebuilt B．refunded C．restored D．retired 7．A．instructions B．policies C．risks D．tasks 8．A．ultimately B．exceedingly C．critically D．privately 9．A．employers B．investors C．operators D．researchers 10．A．added B．compared C．exposed D．returned 11．A．idealistic B．ignorant C．primitive D．realistic 12．A．monitors B．fascinates C．maximizes D．composes 13．A．assembled B．powered C．developed D．resembled 14．A．accident B．function C．improvement D．performance 15．A．accusing B．ridding C．reminding D．warning The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, 1 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 2 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 3 explosive. After years of 4 , in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 5 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 6 published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 7 to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly 8 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 9 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday. ” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 10 . He spent his lifetime alone 11 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to 12 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 13 , saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 14 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 15 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 1．A．remembering B．honouring C．crediting D．preparing 2．A．nature B．conduct C．flavour D．benefit 3．A．deadly B．bitter C．usable D．mild 4．A．innovations B．efforts C．hesitation D．association 5．A．brought up B．put up C．broke up D．built up 6．A．mistakenly B．purposefully C．officially D．scientifically 7．A．happy B．confused C．amused D．disappointed 8．A．praised B．blamed C．threatened D．appreciated 9．A．greedy B．essential C．rich D．sufficient 10．A．error B．warning C．threat D．consequence 11．A．destroying B．combining C．inventing D．stimulating 12．A．improve B．establish C．illustrate D．secure 13．A．request B．illustration C．will D．fortune 14．A．choices B．decisions C．profits D．contributions 15．A．gave away B．gave back C．gave off D．gave out 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $