Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Grammar-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高一英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书word（外研版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Grammar 情态动词(Ⅰ) 语法串烧 我的发现 　　As a senior one student, Li Qing is able to adjust himself to the new school life. In classes, he has to focus himself on his teachers, or he can't grasp what his teachers have taught. Meanwhile, his teachers often tell him that he had better balance his study and play. He needn't stay up to do his homework. However, I dare say he is going to challenge himself to more subjects in one term. ①黑体词汇都是情态动词，它们后面都接动词原形。 ②情态动词一般无人称和数的变化。can和dare有时态变化，be able to和have to有人称和时态的变化。 ③构成否定句时，not放在情态动词后面。 1．can与be able to (1)can只有现在时和过去时(could)，而be able to则有更多的时态变化，在将来时、完成时和非谓语动词中只能用be able to。 This time I failed in the exam，but I'll be able to pass the exam next time. 这次我考试不及格，但下次考试我能及格。(将来时) (2)can一般指自身具有的能力，而be able to则表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力，相当于manage to do或succeed in doing。 I can/am able to speak both English and French. 我会说英语和法语。 [名师点津] 现在时can与be able to没有区别，但是在过去时中二者意义不同。 All the people could escape from the burning hotel last night. 昨晚所有的人都有能力从燃烧的旅馆里逃脱出来。(有这种能力，但不一定做到) All the people were able to escape from the burning hotel last night. 昨晚所有的人都从燃烧的旅馆里逃脱出来了。(成功做到了) (3)在否定结构中was/were able to与could没有区别。 She ran fast but she couldn't/wasn't able to catch the bus. 她跑得很快可还是没能赶上公交车。 (4)can/could表示请求别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。 —Can/Could I come to see you tomorrow? —Yes，you can. ——我明天能来看你吗？ ——可以。 (5)can/could表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。 How could you do such a silly thing？(表示惊讶) 你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？ ◎巧学活用1——选词填空(can/could/be able to) ①If you have a good sleep，you will be_able_to work out this problem. 学生用书第23页 ②When I was young，I could climb any tree in the woods. 2．need的用法 (1)need作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。其否定形式是在其后直接加not，疑问形式是直接将need提到主语前。由need构成的一般疑问句，其肯定回答用must或have to。否定回答常用needn't。 —Need I finish the work today? —Yes，you must/have to./No，you needn't. ——我需要今天干完这项工作吗？ ——是的，你必须干完。/不用，你不必干完。 There's plenty of time.You needn't drive so fast. 时间很充足，你不必开这么快。 (2)作实义动词 need作实义动词时，后可接名词、动词­ing 形式、动词不定式等，有人称、时态和数的变化，其否定形式、疑问形式都要通过助动词do构成。物作主语时need后跟doing或to be done。 There are always people who need help from others. 总会有人需要他人的帮助。 He didn't need to set off so early. 他不必那么早出发。 Do I need to leave my telephone number and address? 我有必要把电话号码和地址留下吗？ The bike needs repairing. ＝The bike needs to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要修理。 ◎巧学活用2——用所给单词的适当形式填空 ①I love the weekend, because I needn't get(get) up early on Saturdays and Sundays. ②I need to_collect(collect) the parcel before leaving for England. 3．must与have to (1)must表示“必须”，语气强烈。have to表示“不得不”，意义与must相近，但又有所区别。must表示说话人的主观看法，have to则强调客观需要；must只有一种形式，而have to有人称、时态等方面的变化。 —Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? —I am afraid you must，in case he comes late for the meeting. ——日程改了，我该马上通知他吗？ ——我想你必须(通知他)，以免他开会迟到。 I have to go now，because my mother is in hospital. 我现在不得不走了，因为我母亲住院了。 (2)must表示推测，意为“一定”，用于肯定句。must have done是对过去事情的推测。 Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet. 昨天一定有人用了我的雨伞，我发现它湿了。 (3)must含有感情色彩，意为“偏要，非要……不可”。 If you must go，at least wait until the storm is over. 如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停止。 (4)mustn't 表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许；一定不要”。 That car is my property；you mustn't use it without my permission. 那辆车是我的财产，没有我的允许你不能使用它。 (5)have to表示“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式为don't/doesn't/didn't have to。 学生用书第24页 It's too late. I have to go home now. 天色太晚了，我现在得回家了。 You don't have to finish the work now. 你现在没有必要完成这项工作。 ◎巧学活用3——补全句子 ①我必须在10点之前到会。如果我想准时的话，我可能得乘出租车。 I must_be_at_the_meeting by 10：00.I will probably have_to_take_a_taxi if I want to be on time. ②新颁布的法律禁止人们酒后驾车。 The new law states that people mustn't_drive after drinking alcohol. ③你不必为她辩解了。 You don't_have_to make excuses for her. ④一定是大卫干的。他是唯一会送你花的人。 It must_have_been David. He's the only one who would send you flowers. 4．dare的用法 (1)dare既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中，表示“敢……”。 I dare not walk through the wood at night. 夜间我不敢在小树林里走。 Dare she go home alone at night? 她敢夜间独自一个人回家吗？ How dare you say that I'm a thief? 你怎么敢说我是一个小偷呢？ [名师点津] dare作情态动词时没有第三人称单数形式，但有过去式。 He dared not tell his parents the truth yesterday. 昨天他不敢告诉父母实情。 (2)dare作实义动词时，在否定句、疑问句中动词不定式符号to也可以省略。 The children don't dare (to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping. 孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢弄出一点声音。 Does he dare (to) tell you what he has done? 他敢告诉你们他所做的事情吗？ ◎巧学活用4——用所给单词的适当形式填空 ①Dare you tell (tell) her the news? ②She dared not breathe(breathe) a word of it to anybody. ③He dares to_say (say) whatever he wants to say. 5．had better的用法 had better后跟动词原形，表示“最好……”，其否定式在had better后加not。而构成疑问式时，则通常将had(而不是had better)置于主语之前。 You'd better get there before it gets dark. 你最好天黑前到达那里。 We'd better not talk so loudly. 我们最好不要这么大声说话。 What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办？ ◎巧学活用5——补全句子 ①你最好睡一会儿。 You'd_better get some sleep. ②我们最好不要把别人的想法看得太重要。 We had_better_not_attach too much importance to what other people think. 课时测评4　Section Ⅳ　Grammar (时间：45分钟　满分：60分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] 维度一　用所给的情态动词的正确形式填空 (每小题1分，共10分) need；needn't；can；can't；be able to；dare；must；had better; have to 1．I needn't have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 2．I didn't know whether he dared say that to him. 3．If we miss the bus, we will have_to wait one more hour. 4．—Need I hand in my paper now? —Yes，you must． 5．How can that be true? I can't believe my eyes and ears. 6．I'm not clear about the matter，so I had_better keep quiet. 7．After many years of hard work，he was_able_to pay off all his debts. 8．I needn't use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house. 9．He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 10．You needn't/_don't_have_to take your umbrella. It is not raining. 维度二　语法与写作(每小题3分，共15分) 1．这个女孩晚上不敢单独外出。 The girl dare_not_go/doesn't_dare_to_go out alone at night. 2．我不知是否需要带相机。 I wonder if I_need_to_bring_a_camera with me. 3．考虑到他的身体状况，我们最好不要让他去那里。 Given his health condition，we had_better_not_let_him_go_there． 4．外面在下雨，我们不得不待在家里。 It was raining outside；we had_to_stay_at_home． 5．如果你非得抽烟，请到外面去抽。 If you_must_smoke，please go outside. 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题2分，共12分) 用适当的情态动词完成下面语段。 Miss Fang 1.could not read for very long with her eyes hurt. Her mother told her that she needed to go to hospital and see a doctor. “You 2.had_better see a doctor as soon as possible，” her mother said. When Miss Fang had free time，she went to hospital. The clerk said that the doctor 3.could see her at 3：30 pm.Miss Fang replied that she would not 4.be_able_to be there at 3：30 pm because she 5.had_to take an important test then. She asked the clerk if she 6.could arrange the examination at about ten the next day. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2分，共8分) (2024·云南昆明期中) A British friend told me he couldn't understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds as a snack so much. “I've met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack in their front teeth. I believe that's from cracking the seeds，” he said. I had never noticed the habit, but once he mentioned it, I suddenly became more aware. I realized that whenever I was watching TV or typing a report, I always started cracking sunflower seeds unconsciously. My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds, and, to him, it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed. When we were young the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year. Then, we all lived close to one another, usually in a small city, and sometimes even neighbors would go door to door on Chinese New Year's Eve to check out what every household was doing. I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking. Out in the living room, a large table would already be laid out, complete with a fancy tablecloth, ready­made dumpling fillings, and dishes full of candies, fruits and sunflower seeds. Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later, while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast. I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then. I don't think it's right to criticize(批评) ones' choices in food or eating habits, no matter how strange they may seem. It's not only in China. When I went to other countries, I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food. In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it ruins your breath. They think it's a delicacy(美味佳肴), and it's connected to their certain culture. I think it's a wonderful tradition. 语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在文章中通过讲述中国人喜欢嗑瓜子的习惯，告诉我们要尊重不同国家的不同饮食习惯，因为饮食习惯与特定的文化相关。 1．What did the writer become aware of? A．She had a habit of eating sunflower seeds. B．She had various snacks while watching TV. C．She didn't like to work to get sunflower seeds. D．She damaged her teeth by eating sunflower seeds. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I had never noticed... became more aware. I realized that... I always started cracking sunflower seeds unconsciously.”可知，听了朋友的话，作者突然意识到自己有一个习惯，在看电视或打报告时，总是无意识地嗑瓜子，由此可推知，作者意识到了自己有嗑瓜子的习惯。 2．What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year? A．The families get together for it. B．The traditions of celebrating it disappear. C.Children can eat delicious food on that day. D．Eating sunflower seeds is related to this traditional festival. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，作者告诉我们葵花籽是中国新年时常备的零食，她一定是在那时学会了如何嗑瓜子，由此可推知，作者提到中国新年证明了嗑瓜子与这一传统节日有关。 3．What is the writer's attitude to Denmark's way of eating bread? A．Doubtful.　　　　　　 B．Negative. C．Understandable. D．Unconcerned. 答案：C 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread... it's connected to their certain culture. I think it's a wonderful tradition.”可知，作者认为丹麦人吃面包的方式是可以理解的。 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．It's good to form a healthy eating habit. B．Certain eating habits come from certain cultures. C．Changing your eating habits will change your life. D.One kind of food doesn't necessarily suit everyone. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，作者通过该段想要表述的是特定的饮食习惯来自特定的文化。 Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, 1.________ (taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one，you have to decide whether 2.________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), 3.________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头). Shanghai may be the 4.________ (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. There, you'll find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup — and the wrappers are pressed 5.________ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6.________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 7.________ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 8.________ touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is 9.________ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left 10.________ (want) more next time. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的特色小吃小笼包，包括其吃法、发源地等。 1．答案：tasty 解析：考查词性转换。空处与空前的形容词hot并列，修饰空后的名词soup，故空处填形容词tasty。 2．答案：to bite 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查“whether＋动词不定式”结构，空处与下文的to put是并列关系。 3．答案：or 解析：考查连词。whether... or... 意为“是……还是……”，是固定搭配。 4．答案：recognized 解析：考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词home，且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词recognized。 5．答案：by 解析：考查介词。by hand“用手工”，是固定搭配。 6．答案：to be lifted 解析：考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的xiao long bao，此处表示“小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来”。them与lift是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成allow sth to be done结构，意为“允许某事被做”，故空处填to be lifted。 7．答案：their 解析：考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词contents。 8．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。a touch of“少许，微量”，是固定搭配。 9．答案：rarely 解析：考查词性转换。此处enough为形容词，其前应用副词修饰，故填rarely“几乎不”。 10．答案：wanting 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“leave sb doing sth”结构，表示“使我想着下次多吃点”。 学生用书第25页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$