UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年新教材高一英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版2019）

UNIT 2　SPORTS AND FITNESS 主题语境：人与社会——体育运动与健康 Section Ⅲ　Grammar 定语从句(Ⅰ) 内容索引 初识语法　品语篇 1 精研语法　巧点拨 2 课时测评 3 初识语法　品语篇 返回 语法串烧 Walk and Talk is a group which meets every Sunday. It is free to join. Walk and Talk is perfect for anyone whose weekends need some excitement. We are all teenagers who love walking and making new friends. We want you to join us! The next walk that is open to new members is on 22 July. You can also bring your friends. However, anyone whom you bring must be over 12 years old. Come along and join the fun！ 我的发现 返回 1.which在定语从句中作_____、指___； 2．whose在定语从句中作_____，修饰名词weekends； 3．who在定语从句中作_____、指___； 4．that在定语从句中作_____、指___； 5．whom在定语从句中作_____、指___。 主语 物 定语 主语 人 主语 物 宾语 人 精研语法　巧点拨 返回 一、定义 1．定语从句指修饰名词、代词或名词短语的从句，对修饰的对象加以限制，表示“……的(人/物)”。从句不可去掉，一旦去掉主句的意思则不完整。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语称为先行词。 2．关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。本单元主要探究的是关系代词引导的定语从句。 二、关系代词的基本用法 关系代词who，whom，which，that，whose的用法： 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 指人 作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。 whom 指人 作宾语，可省略，也可用who或that代替。 which 指物 作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。 that 指人或物 作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可省略。 whose 指人或物 作定语，表示“所属”关系，指人时，相当于of whom；指物时，相当于of which。 The children who/that were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now. 在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。 Danny was the man (whom/who/that) we rescued from the ruins. 丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。 I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake. 我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。 He lives in a room whose window faces north. 他住在一个窗户朝北的房间里。 The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (that/which) he had lost on the train. 那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。 The little girl is having an apple which/that is big and red. 小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。 温馨提示 1．关系代词指代先行词且在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。如： 昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。 The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very frightening.(×) The film (that/which) we saw last night is very frightening.(√) 2．关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。 Is that the girl (whom/who/that) you spoke of the other day? 那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？　　 三、关系代词只用that不用which的情况 用that不用which的情况 先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时 先行词前有the very，the only等修饰时 先行词既指人也指物时 Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 This is the most delicious food that I have ever had. 这是我吃过的最美味的食品。 I've read all the books that are not mine. 我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。 The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help. 她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。 I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday. 我已经找到了昨天丢失的那只钢笔。 We often talk about the persons and things that we remember. 我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。 巧学活用——用适当的关系代词完成语段 Lucy is my friend 1.________ has a hearing problem.When she first came to my school, she seemed lonely, but we soon became friends.At first it was difficult to communicate with her.So I learnt a new language 2.__________ allows me to “speak” with my hands.Lucy is a smart girl 3.________ ideas are always inspiring. I sometimes have problems 4.__________ I can't solve. When this happens, I always ask Lucy for help. who/that　 which/that　 whose that/which 知识网络 返回 课时测评 返回 基础语境练 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．The boy and the dog ____ are in the picture are very lovely. 2．The Chinese will never forget the earthquake __________ happened in 2008 in Sichuan. 3．Do you know the lady _______________ our English teacher is talking with under the big tree? 4．The International Red Cross is an organization _______ purpose is to help the sick and the needy. 5．Have you read the book __________ was written by Anne Frank? that that/which whom/who/that whose that/which 6．The first thing _____ he did after arriving home was doing his homework. 7．Is this the teacher ________ rescued several students from the burning building? 8．It is the tallest building _____ Nancy has seen ever since she came here. 9．My father bought a new bike for me ______ price was more than 1，000 yuan. 10．She said she would do anything _____ could help her mother recover from the disease. that who/that that whose　 that 维度二　语法与写作(每小题2分，共10分) 1．这是他看过的第一部电影。 This is the first film __________________. 2．我们在一间窗户很大的教室里学习。 We study in a classroom _________________________. 3．他们正在等的那位老人是李教授。 The old man _______________________________ is Professor Li. 4．我们应该帮助那些父母在外地工作的孩子们。 We should help the children ________________________________. 5．在高中，你将学习更多不同于初中的课程。 In senior high school you will study more courses ________________________ your junior middle school courses. that he has watched whose windows are very big whom/who/that they are waiting for whose parents work away from home which/that are different from 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题1分，共8分) 用适当的关系代词完成语段 A real friend is someone 1________ walks in when the rest of the world walks out .A real friend is someone 2________ support we can count on. A real friend is someone 3________ sees our true self, not just the face 4__________ we show to the world. Yet these days, the modern tools 5_________ keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship. We may be able to make many friends online, but these friendships can be quite shallow. Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends 6______________ we love. Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-to-face chatting. “Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values 7_________ matter most to us. “Liking” our friends' photos online does not develop the connection 8__________ we share. To make friends a real part of our lives, we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person. who/that　 whose who/that that/which　 that/which whom/who/that which/that which/that 素能提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题4分，共32分) A Lloyd Black decided to join the Anytime Fitness gym in Semmes，Alabama last year after he found himself struggling to accomplish simple household tasks.The 91-year-old man hoped that joining a gym might help him build strength and reduce his aches and pains.Over the past year，Black has been faithfully coming to the gym three times a week.His overalls(工装裤)really catch plenty of attention.He says that he prefers to wear overalls during his workouts because they are comfortable，and he has “trouble keeping his trousers up” otherwise. When Black first joined Anytime Fitness，gym manager Ashley Seaman says he could barely last 10 minutes on the treadmill(跑步机)without becoming winded.Now，however，the senior can effortlessly do power walking for thirty minutes before moving on to his workout routine.As a means of praising Black for his advance，Seaman recently named Black “Member of the Month”． He also takes time to help other seniors new to the gym learn how to use the weightlifting machines.“He's just a friendly soul.He will go to the other elderly members and show them how to use the machines，” Seaman shared in a post on the gym's Facebook page.“Someone like him always encourages others to keep it up and include fitness in their life，” the post reads.“Seeing him work out three times a week in his overalls brightens our day！” As a result of his work at the gym，Black finds it easier to mow(割)the seven acres of grass at his house and tool around in his woodworking shop.He experiences less daily discomfort and moves more easily.He always says，“Age is just a number and it doesn't mean you can't get into the gym.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了91岁高龄的Lloyd Black坚持每周在健身房锻炼三次并帮助其他老年人学习操作器械。 细节理解题。根据第一段中“His overalls(工装裤)really catch plenty of attention.”可知，Lloyd Black之所以吸引人注意是因为他的穿着独特，故选B项。 1．What makes Black draw the attention of the gym members? A．His too slow pace.　 B．His unique clothes. C．His difference in age.　 D．His clinical symptoms. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段内容，尤其是最后一句“As a means of praising Black for his advance，Seaman recently named Black ‘Member of the Month’．”可知，Black开始走不到10分钟就会气喘吁吁，现在能轻松地健走半个小时，然后再进行其他方式的锻炼，被评为“月度之星”是为了表扬他的进步，故选D项。 2．What was the main reason for Black's winning the name “Member of the Month”？ A．His physical quality. B．His operational skills. C．His willingness to help others. D．His great progress in workouts. √ 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Someone like him always encourages others to keep it up and include fitness in their life”可知，他激励着人们坚持健身并给人们带来快乐，可见Seaman在帖子中把他描述为“非常鼓舞人的”，故选A项。 3．How did Seaman describe Black in his post? A．He's inspiring. B．He's ambitious. C．He's respectful. D．He's demanding. √ 推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合最后一句“Age is just a number and it doesn't mean you can't get into the gym.”可知，本文讲述了91岁高龄的Black通过健身增强了体质并提高了做家务的能力，这说明锻炼身体永远不晚，故选A项。 4．What can we learn from Black's story? A．It's never too late to take exercise. B．The stronger the body，the more intelligent the brain. C．Walk a hundred steps after dinner and live to ninety-nine. D．Practise long-distance running daily，getting older and younger. √ B Researchers found animal lovers exercise their pet twice a day for 24 minutes each time—a total of five hours and 36 minutes a week.On top of that，the average dog owner also takes their pet out to take three long walks each week adding another two hours and 33 minutes to the total.But those without a dog spend an average of just one hour and 20 minutes per week exercising by going to the gym or heading out for a walk or jog.And almost half of non-pet owners admit they take no exercise. A spokesperson said the difference between the two was that going to the gym can feel like a boring task while dog-walking can be far more enjoyable. “Having a couple of short walks every day soon adds up and this research shows that it amounts to more time than people spend in the gym，” he said. And gym goers exercise inside an air-conditioned gym，while dog walkers are able to jog for miles and enjoy fresh air when admiring the Great British countryside.” The study of 5，000 people，including 3，000 dog owners，showed that 57 percent of those considered walking the dog as their main form of exercise. More three quarters said they would rather take their dog for a walk than go to the gym. A total of 86 percent said they enjoyed taking their pet out each day，with just 22 percent saying they sometimes saw it as a boring task. But only 16 percent of respondents said they enjoyed exercising in the gym，while almost 70 percent considered it a boring task. The survey shows that having a dog to walk actually encourages regular exercise，with 60 percent of pet owners saying they always go for a walk with their dog—even when time is valuable. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现养狗的人锻炼量远远高于健身者。 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchers found animal lovers exercise their pet... and 33 minutes to the total.”可知，研究人员发现，动物爱好者每天锻炼宠物两次，每次24分钟，每周总共5小时36分钟。除此之外，养狗的人每周还会带着宠物出去散步三次，每次散步的时间会增加2小时33分钟。因此根据这项研究，平均每周狗主人遛狗5小时36分钟＋2小时33分钟＝8小时9分钟。 5．How long do dog owners walk their dog on average each week according to the study? A．One hour and 20 minutes. B．Five hours and 36 minutes. C．Two hours and 33 minutes. D．Eight hours and 9 minutes. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A spokesperson said the difference between the two was that going to the gym can feel like a boring task while dog-walking can be far more enjoyable.”可知，一位发言人表示，两者的区别在于，去健身房可能感觉像是一项无聊的任务，而遛狗可能会令人愉快得多。由此可知遛狗比在健身房锻炼更令人愉快。 6．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Walking a dog can be tiring sometimes. B．Walking a dog is more enjoyable than exercising in the gym. C．People prefer to exercise in the gym rather than walk a dog. D．Taking exercise in the gym can be very comfortable. √ 词义猜测题。结合后文“said they enjoyed exercising in the gym，while almost 70 percent considered it a boring task”可知，只有16%的参与者表示他们喜欢在健身房锻炼，而近70%的参与者认为这是一项无聊的任务。故划线单词respondents意为“研究参与者”。 7．What does the underlined word “respondents” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Dog walkers. B．Pet owners. C．Gym goers.　　 D．Study participants. √ 8．What is the main idea of this passage? A．People without a pet usually go to the gym. B．Pet owners spend no time exercising in the gym. C．Dog owners usually get more exercise than gym goers. D．People do exercise either by walking a dog or going to the gym. √ 文章大意题。根据第一段中“Researchers found animal lovers exercise their pet twice a day for 24 minutes each time －a total of five hours and 36 minutes a week.”以及后文“But those without a dog...And almost half of non-pet owners admit they take no exercise.”可知，文章主要说明了研究人员发现养狗的人锻炼量远远高于健身者。这两者的区别在于去健身房让人觉得很无聊，而遛狗反而更像是一种娱乐。故C项“养狗的人通常比去健身房的人得到更多的锻炼”符合文章主旨。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2分，共10分) Wouldn't it be wonderful to be able to afford all of that fancy equipment used in the gyms? 1 Now here are some effective exercises that you can do at home，without the need for any equipment. Jumping Jacks(开合跳)—These are always fun，as they bring back memories of being a kid! 2 They are also great aerobic(有氧的)exercise，and good for warming up，too. Pushups—While they can be hard to do，you can find easier ways to do them. You don't need to pretend you're “Rocky”，and do them with one hand；just do what works for you. 3 Or，do them standing up against a wall. You will be building up arm strength and working out muscles(肌肉)in your chest area． Light weight lifting—No，you don't need to go out and buy expensive weights for this! Just use whatever you can find in your house. Start out with something lighter，such as a can of peas. 4 Step exercises—Using the steps in your home，you can do repetitions which will strengthen your leg muscles.(Just remember to be careful！) 5 You needn't join a gym，paying a large amount in membership fees each month. You don't even need the expensive equipment. Use what you have in your house，and work out in the comfort of your home. You will be more likely to keep up with the exercise when you're comfortable，so just get up and start exercising! A．Now you have no excuses! B．Getting some exercise is important. C．And work yourself up to heavier items little by little. D．Who has not done jumping jacks for fun as a child? E．Nice as it sounds，it just isn't an option for most people. F．Do them on your knees，instead of keeping your legs straight. G．To make these exercises even more fun，you can watch TV while doing them. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在家中无器械设备的情况下的健身方式。 Wouldn't it be wonderful to be able to afford all of that fancy equipment used in the gyms? _________________________________________________ Now here are some effective exercises that you can do at home，without the need for any equipment. E．Nice as it sounds，it just isn't an option for most people. 根据上句：能负担得起所有在健身房使用的昂贵设备不是一件美妙的事情吗？再根据空格下句：这里有一些你可以在家做的有效的练习，不需要任何设备。可知此空的意思应该是：去健身房用设备健身听起来不错，但对大多数人来说，这不是一个选择。故选E项。 Jumping Jacks(开合跳)—These are always fun，as they bring back memories of being a kid! ___________________________________________ They are also great aerobic(有氧的)exercise，and good for warming up，too. D．Who has not done jumping jacks for fun as a child? 本段主题是Jumping Jacks(开合跳)。根据上句：这些都是很有趣的，因为它们让人回想起小时候的记忆！由此可知D项 “作为一个孩子，谁还没有做过开合跳呢？”符合题意。 Pushups—While they can be hard to do，you can find easier ways to do them. You don't need to pretend you're “Rocky”，and do them with one hand；just do what works for you. ___________________________________ _______________________ Or，do them standing up against a wall. You will be building up arm strength and working out muscles(肌肉)in your chest area． F．Do them on your knees，instead of 本段主题是Pushups。根据上句：用一只手做；只做对你有用的事。再根据空格下句：或者靠着墙站着做它们。由此推知，F项“在你的膝盖上做，而不是保持你的腿伸直。”符合题意。 keeping your legs straight. Light weight lifting—No，you don't need to go out and buy expensive weights for this! Just use whatever you can find in your house.Start out with something lighter，such as a can of peas. ______________________________ __________________ Step exercises—Using the steps in your home，you can do repetitions which will strengthen your leg muscles.(Just remember to be careful！) C．And work yourself up to heavier 根据上句：从一些更轻的东西开始，比如一罐豌豆。由此可知下句的意思是：渐渐地给自己增加重量。故选C。 items little by little. ___________________________ You needn't join a gym，paying a large amount in membership fees each month.You don't even need the expensive equipment. Use what you have in your house，and work out in the comfort of your home. You will be more likely to keep up with the exercise when you're comfortable，so just get up and start exercising! A．Now you have no excuses! 根据下句：你不需要加入一个健身房，每个月都要支付大量的会员费。你甚至不需要昂贵的设备。由此可知，现在你不健身就没借口了，故选A项。 Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题2分，共30分) When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant 1 Miller King，who was the best 2 at our school. Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for 3 ．Just before September，Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.I went to see him after he came back from 4 ．He looked very 5 ，but he didn't cry. That season，I 6 all of Miller's records while he watched the home games from the bench. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player， 7 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller's accident. One afternoon，I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 8 going over a fence—which wasn't 9 to climb if you had both arms. I'm sure I was the 10 person in the world he wanted to accept assistance from.But even that challenge he accepted.I 11 him move slowly over the fence.When we were finally safe on the other side，he said to me，“You know，I didn't tell you this during the season，but you did fine.Thank you for filling in for 12 ．” His words freed me from my bad 13 ．I thought to myself，how even without an arm he was more of a leader. 14 but not defeated，he was still ahead of me.I was right to have 15 him.From that day on，I grew bigger and a little more real. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者想成为球队里最棒的球员，并向最优秀的球员Miller看齐。 1．A．cheering for　 B．beating out C．relying on　 D．staying with 2．A．coach　 B．student C．teacher　 D．player 根据前句可知，作者要打败Miller King才能成为学校最好的球员，因此Miller King是我们学校最好的球员(player)。 √ √ 根据“become the star on our football team”可知，要想成为球队里的明星，就要打败(beat out)最优秀的球员。 3．A．practice　 B．show C．comfort　 D．pleasure 4．A．school　 B．vacation C．hospital　 D．training 根据前文“Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm”可知，Miller King遭遇车祸，失去了右臂，因此他是从医院回来。 √ √ 根据前文“When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.”可知，作者想成为学校足球队的明星，因此随身带着足球是为了练习(practice)。 5．A．pale　 B．calm C．relaxed　 D．ashamed 6．A．held　 B．broke C．set　 D．tried 句意：那个赛季，当米勒坐在替补席上观看主场比赛时，我打破了他所有的记录。break the record意为“打破纪录”。 √ √ 根据“but he didn't cry”可知，Miller的情况不太乐观，脸很苍白(pale)。 7．A．and　 B．then C．but　 D．thus 8．A．stuck　 B．hurt C．tried　 D．lost 根据“which wasn't to climb if you had both arms”可知，如果你有两只胳膊的话，爬上去并不难。因此可以推断出Miller King因为缺少一只胳膊没有翻过篱笆，被卡住了(stuck)。 √ √ 空前句“I was named most valuable player”和空后句“I often had crazy dreams”形成转折关系，故本空应用but。 9．A．steady　 B．hard C．fun　 D．fit 10．A．last　 B．best C．first　 D．latest 根据下文“But even that challenge he accepted.”可知，作者是他最不愿意接受帮助的人。last本意为“最后的”，此处the last指“最不愿意的，最不可能的”。 √ √ 此处是说手臂健全的人翻篱笆应该不是很困难(hard)的事情。 11．A．let　 B．helped C．had　 D．noticed 12．A．us　 B．them C．me　 D．it 句意：当我们终于安全到达篱笆另一边时，他对我说：“你知道，我在赛季中没有告诉你这些，但你做得很好。谢谢你来代替我(me)。” √ √ 根据上文“But even that challenge he accepted.”可知，Miller接受了作者的帮助。 13．A．memories　 B．ideas C．attitudes　 D．dreams 14．A．Lost　 B．Attacked C．Destroyed　 D．Damaged 根据上文可知，此处指Miller身体上受了伤害(Damaged)。 √ √ 根据前文“I often had crazy dreams”可知，原来作者经常做噩梦，得到了Miller的认可之后，作者的噩梦(dreams)也不见了踪影。 15．A．challenged　 B．cured C．invited　 D．admired √ 根据“he was still ahead of me”可知，作者认为Miller King在某些方面还是领先于自己的，因此会钦佩他。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$