第05讲 单项选择之动词(时态&语态+动词词义辨析)(知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练)-【决胜春考】2025 春季高考英语冲刺总复习(天津专用)

2024-11-11
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 时态,被动语态
使用场景 高考复习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 天津市
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 866 KB
发布时间 2024-11-11
更新时间 2024-11-11
作者 千军破
品牌系列 上好课·冲刺讲练测
审核时间 2024-11-11
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/48577582.html
价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

内容正文:

( 第 0 5 讲: 单项选择之 动词(时态&语态) +动词词义辨 析 析 ) 1、 考试要求 时态和语态是历年高考必考的知识点。考试要求主要包括: 1. 时态和语态的结构 2. 时态和语态的基本用法 3. 易混时态的用法区别 4. 固定结构中的时态和语态 5. 被动语态的特殊形式 6. 动词及动词短语词义辨析 2、 命题分析 年份 动词时态&语态 动词/动词短语词义辨析 2023 will be bringing; has caused; is being restored; Having tried; were distributed; adjust to固定搭配,意为“适应”; keep pace with与……保持同步; Putting aside 存储; caring for关心; 2022 Prepares; had cancelled; having been allowed ignore忽视; 2021 have done; are being displayed; had been offered ; will be delivering can’t/couldn’t have done; withdraw抽身,撤退; run out of用完,用尽; stayed保持; 2020 has been fixed; were; have been practising; has remained; bring in引进; kept an eye on照看,留意,密切注视; declined谢绝; put off推迟 时态知识梳理 考点1 一般现在时 用法:1.be(am,is,are)动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。行为动词的第三人称单数加-s/es,其余人称用动词原形。 I am free tonight.我今晚有空。 The boy is ten years old.这个男孩10岁了。 They are students.他们是学生。 Bill often helps others.We like him a lot.比尔总是帮助他人。我们很喜欢他。 2.表示经常、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。 It often rains in our city.我们的城市经常下雨。 3.表示普遍真理和客观真实。 The earth moves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 4.表示心理状态或情感的动词往往用一般现在时。 She hates rock music.她讨厌摇滚乐。 5.在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。 I will call on you as soon as I am free.我空闲时会去拜访你。 提示:一般现在时可以用来代替一般将来时,表示已经预先计划或安排的肯定将要发生的动作,句中常有表示将来时间的状语。这一用法主要用于下列动词,如果arrive(到达),be(是),begin(开始),come(来到),go(去),leave(离开),reach(到达),start(出发)等。 The train leaves at eight o’clock.火车8点钟开车。 注意:一般现在时常用的时间状语有: today今天 often经常 always一直 sometimes有时 usually通常 seldom很少 on Sunday在星期天 every day/week/morning每天/每周/每天早上 考点2 一般过去时 用法:1.be(was/were)动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。行为动词都要用过去式。 I was in Beijing last year.我去年在北京。 They visited the Great Wall yesterday.他们昨天去长城了。 2.表示过去某事件发生的动作或存在的状态。 My brother joined the army in 2000.我哥哥是2000年参的军。 The vase was broken just now.这只花瓶刚被打碎了。 3.句中虽没有明确地表示过去时间的状语,但实际上确实指过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态时,也要用一般过去时。 I thought your dog was dead.我以为你的狗死了。 4.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。 You often went climbing when you were a little boy.当你还是个小男孩时,常去爬山。 5.表示过去连续发生的动作。 She took off her coat and sat in the sofa.她脱了外套,坐在沙发上。 提示:如果要强调已经终止的习惯,要用used to do。 He used to smoke and drink.他过去经常抽烟喝酒。 I used to take a walk after supper.我过去总是在饭后散步。 注意:一般过去时常用的时间状语有: a moment ago刚刚 an hour ago一小时以前 last week/month/year上周/上月/去年 the other day前几天 this morning今天早上 two days ago两天前 yesterday昨天 just now刚才 考点3 现在进行时 用法:1.由“am/is/are+现在分词”构成。 the managers are having a meeting in Room 301.经理们正在301室开会。 2.表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。 He is writing a novel.他在写一部小说。 3.表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。 We are leaving for Taiwan tomorrow.我们正计划明天去台湾。 4.与always,forever等副词连用,用于表达说话人的厌烦、不满等强烈的感情。 She is always asking the question.她总是问这个问题。 My brother is always making the same mistake.我弟弟总是犯同样的错误。 提示:现在进行时表示暂时性的动作,一般现在时表示经常性的动作。 Where is he living?他(这几天/暂时/目前)住在哪儿? Where does he live?他住在哪儿? 注意:现在进行时常用的时间状语有: now现在 at present目前 this week这周 these days这几天 考点4 过去进行时 用法:1.由“was/were+现在分词”构成。 She was watching TV at seven last night.昨晚7点时她正在看电视。 2.表示过去某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 What was he doing at ten last night?昨晚10点他在干什么? 3.用于时间状语从句中。 My other was cooking while I was doing my homework.我做作业时妈妈正在做饭。 4.表示过去将要发生的动作。 He said he was attending the meeting the next day.他说他第二天要参加那个会议。 提示:表示感觉、感官的动词(see,look,hear,notice等),表示态度和感情、心理的动词(like等)及表示存在、继续的动词(be等),以及have,belong表示“占有”时,不用进行时。 如“他今天看起来不错”应译成He looks fine today.而不能译成He is looking fine today.又如“我们有台新电脑”应译成We have a new computer.而不能译成We are having a new computer. 注意:过去进行时常用的时间状语有: at that time在那时 last night昨晚 then那时,当时 yesterday昨天 考点5 将来进行时 用法:1.由“shall/will be+现在分词”构成,第一人称用shall/will,其他人称都用will。 Don’t call me tonight,I shall/will be doing my homework at that time. 今晚别给我打电话,那时我在写作业。 He’ll be leaving in two days.他后两天动身。 2.表示在将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作,常常带有时间状语短语或时间状语从句。 What will he be doing this time next year?明年的此时他会在干什么? When you get to the station at nine tomorrow,I will be waiting for you there. 明天你9点到车站时,我将在那儿等你。 3.表示按计划将要发生的动作。 They will be having their holidays in June.他们将于6月份放假。 提示:将来进行时在口语中使用比较普遍,它不带感情色彩,单纯表示一个将来的动作。 考点6 一般将来时 用法:1.由“am/is/are going to+动词原形”或“will/shall+动词原形”构成。 He’s going to see a film with his girlfriend.他要和他的女朋友去看电影。 We’ll have an examination tomorrow.我们明天有一个考试。 2.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 There will be a meeting tomorrow.明天有一个会议。 3.在主从复合句的主句中表示将来的动作或状态。 I will wait for you when I arrive there.我到那儿后会等着你。 提示:“be going to+动词原形”表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。“will/shall+动词原形”表示未经考虑的意图。 注意:“be to+动词原形”表示按安排、计划而且是在近期发生或必须要做的事情。“be about to+动词原形”表示马上、很快就要发生的动作,都可以用来表示一般将来时。 The children are to learn English next week.孩子们下周要去学英语。 The manager is about to arrive in Beijing.经理马上就要到达北京了。 考点7 过去将来时 用法:1.由“was/were going to+动词原形”或“would/should+动词原形”构成。 He told me that he was going to see his brother.他告诉我他将要去看他的哥哥。 I knew he would come.我知道他要来。 2.表示从过去某一时间来看,将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中。 She wondered where he would go.她很想知道他会去哪儿。 3.表示过去习惯性的动作。 Whenever I had time,I would read books.过去一有时间,我就会读书。 考点8 现在完成时 用法:1.由“has/have+过去分词”构成,第三人称单数用has,其他人称都用have。 Jack has taught English in our school for three years. 杰克在我们学校教英语已经3年了。 I have had a DVD for a week.我买DVD已经一周了。 2.表示“继续”,说明从过去某时开始的动作、状态一直延续到现在。 The weather has been cold so far this winter.今年冬天直到现在都很冷。 3.表示“经验”,说明过去开始的动作现在刚结束。表示“结果”时,说明过去动作的结果对现在仍有影响。 Someone has broken the windows of my house.有人把我房子的窗户打破了。 提示:有些只能表示短暂动作或位置移动的动词不能表示延续的动作或状态,因此它们不能和由since,for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词有arrive(到达),buy(购买),come(来),die(死亡),get up(起床),go(去),join(参加),leave(离开),open(打开)等。 注意:现在完成时常用的时间状语有: just刚刚 already已经 ever曾经 for a long time很长时间 never从未 for three months3个月之久 now现在 recently/lately近来 since自从 since 1991从1991年以来 since then其后 so far迄今为止 this week这周 till/up to now直到现在 today今天 yet仍然,已经 during the last two weeks在最近两个星期 in the past few days在最近几天 考点9 过去完成时 用法:1.由“had+过去分词”构成。 The film had already begun when we arrived.我们到的时候,电影已经开演了。 2.表示在过去的过去已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。 By the end of last month,Jack had learned skating for five months. 到上个月末,杰克已经学滑冰5个月了。 3.与when,before,till等引导的时间状语从句连用,强调动作发生时间的前后。 She had already cleaned the house before her parents came back. 她父母回来之前,她已经打扫了房间。 4.用于间接引语或宾语从句中。 He said he had read the book twice.他说这本书他已经读了两遍了。 提示:过去完成时还可表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。主要用于下列动词:expect,suppose,hope,intend,mean,think等。 We had hoped to catch the 8:30 train,but found it was gone. 我们本来希望赶8:30的火车,却发现它已经开走了。 注意:过去完成时常用的时间状语有: just刚刚 already已经 ever曾经 yet仍然 by then截止到那时 by nine o’clock直到9点 up till then直到那时 up till last night直到昨晚 by the end of...到……末 by the time...在……时之前 考点10 将来完成时 用法:1.由“shall/will have+过去分词”构成,第一人称用shall/will,其他人称都用will。 I shall/will have read this book by Friday.到星期五,我就看完这本书了。 2.表示动作或状态延续到将来某一段时间,常用延续性动词。多与by,for,before等时间状语连用。 We shall have walked a long way before we reach there.到达那儿前,我们将要走很长一段路。 3.表示动作在将来某一段时间以前已结束,但其影响却持续到那一时间,常用终止性动词。 You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天这个时候你就到上海了。 提示:在时间和条件状语从句中要用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 I will give my opinion when I have read the book through.我把书看完了再提意见。 考点11 现在完成进行时 用法:1.由“has/have been+现在分词”构成,第三人称单数用has,其他人称都用have。 He has been saying that ten times.这话他已经说了10遍了。 2.表示发生在过去一直持续到现在的动作,常与延续性动词连用。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍继续下去。 The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国已有两千年的造纸历史。 3.表示在现在以前的这个阶段重复发生的事情。 He has been calling me on several times this week.他这个星期来看我好几次了。 4.强调动作延续时间长或表达某些感情色彩。 We have been expecting to see you for a long time.长久以来,我们一直想见你。 提示:某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时,只能用于现在完成时,如see,hear,know,have,like,be等感官动词、表示状态或喜好的动词和某些表示思维活动的动词。 考点12 过去完成进行时 用法:由“had been+现在分词”构成。表示动作从过去某一事件之前开始,到过去某一时间仍在进行或刚刚结束。同过去完成时一样,过去完成进行时必须以过去某一特定时间为基准。 She had been living here before she went to Shanghai. 她去上海之前一直住在这里。 语态知识梳理 考点① 被动语态的10种语态 用法:被动语态无完成进行时和将来进行时,只有下面10种时态。 (1)一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词 (2)一般过去时:was/were+过去分词 (3)一般将来时:shall/will+be+过去分词 (4)现在进行时:am/is/are+being+过去分词 (5)过去进行时:was/were+being+过去分词 (6)现在完成时:has/have+been+过去分词 (7)过去完成时:had+been+过去分词 (8)将来完成时:shall/will+have been+过去分词 (9)过去将来时:should/would+be+过去分词 (10)过去将来完成时:should/would+have been+过去分词 提示:将谓语动词为完成进行时或将来进行时的句子变为被动句时,可用完成时态或一般时态。 The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已经修了两个小时了。 用现在完成时替代现在完成进行时,不能用...has been being repaired... This subject will be discussed by us tomorrow morning.明天早上这个题目将由我们讨论。 用一般将来时替代将来进行时,不能用...will be being discussed... 考点② 被动语态的句型 用法:1.肯定句:主语+be+过去分词+(by...) The child is well loved by people.这个孩子很招人喜爱。 2.否定句:主语+be not+过去分词+(by...) The battery wasn’t charged yesterday.电池昨天没有被充电。 3.一般疑问句:Be+主语+过去分词+(by...) Was the package posted?包裹被寄出去了吗? 4.特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by...) Who was the flying disk invented by?飞碟是由谁发明的? 考点③ 主动语态转换为被动语态的步骤 用法:步骤1:把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动句中的主语。 步骤2:原主动句中的主语,如有必要,转换成宾格形式,放在介词by之后,如无必要,可省略。 步骤3:把动词的主动形式改为被动形式,即“be+过去分词”。 步骤4:其他成分(定语、状语)不变,句子的时态不变。 The naughty boy broke the window yesterday. 主动句 定语 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 那个淘气的男孩昨天打碎了这扇窗户。 The window was broken by the naughty boy yesterday. 被动句 主语 谓语 by+施动者 状语 这扇窗户昨天被那个淘气的男孩打碎了。 提示:把主动语态改为被动语态时,be的人称和数要根据新主语的人称和数变化,但时态要和主动语态一致。 考点④ 被动语态的类型 用法:1.及物动词构成的被动语态a.有一个宾语的句子 (1)主动句:主语+谓语+宾语 (2)被动句:主语+be+过去分词+by+原主格(宾格) 2.及物动词构成的被动语态b.有双宾语的句子 (1)主动句:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 (2)被动句1:主语(原间接宾语)+be+过去分词+原直接宾语+by+原主语(宾格) (3)被动句2:主语(原直接宾语)+be+过去分词+原间接宾语+by+原主语(宾格) I have asked Joe the question.我已经问乔这个问题了。 →Joe has been asked the question(by me). 间接宾语Joe作主语 乔被(我)问了这个问题。 →The question has been asked(of)Joe(by me). 直接宾语the question作主语 这个问题我问乔了。 3.及物动词构成的被动语态c.有宾语补足语的句子 (1)主动句:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 (2)被动句:主语+be+过去分词+宾语补足语+by+原主语(宾语) They will make Beijing more beautiful.他们将会把北京建设得更美丽。 →Beijing will be made more beautiful(by them).北京将会被(他们)建设得更美丽。 4.短语动词构成的被动语态 (1)主动句:主语+不及物动词+介词/副词+宾语 (2)被动句:主语+be+过去分词+介词/副词+by+原主语(宾格) She looks after her grandmother.她照顾她的奶奶。 →Her grandmother is looked after(by her). 介词after不可去掉 她的奶奶被(她)照顾。 5.情态动词构成的被动语态 (1)主动句:主语+情态动词+动词原形+宾语 (2)被动句:主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+by+原主格(宾语) We can easily download new books from the Internet. 我们可以很容易地从互联网上下载新书。 →New books can be easily downloaded from the Internet(by us). 新书可以很容易地(被我们)从互联网上下载。 6.祈使句的被动语态(当主动句为肯定祈使句时) (1)主动句:动词原形+宾语 (2)被动句:Let+原宾语+be+过去分词 Empty the rubbish bin at once! →Let the rubbish bin be emptied at once!立刻清空垃圾箱! 考点⑤ 被动语态的注意事项 用法:1.不愿说出动作的执行者或需强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。 The toys are intended for children aged six and up.那些玩具是为6岁及6岁以上儿童设计的。 2.当宾语是反身代词、相互代词、不定式或动名词时,不能用被动语态。 The girl found herself in the valley.小女孩忽然发现自己已经置身山谷中了。 3.当谓语是表状态、结果的及物动词时,不能用被动语态。 Does the pair of shoes suit you?那双鞋子你穿着合适吗? 4.当宾语表示数量、质量、大小、程度时,不能用被动语态。 The jade weighs one ton.这块玉石重1吨。 提示:在以下句型中,用主动语态来表示被动含义: (1)主语+be worth+doing sth. The novel is well worth reading.这篇小说很值得一读。 (2)主语+have/get+sth./sb.+done I had my watch stolen.我的手表被偷了。 (3)主语+want/need/require+doing sth. The room needs cleaning.这间屋子需要打扫。 (4)主语+be+under/in+抽象名词 The car is in repair.那辆车正在修理。 考点⑥ 被动语态与系表结构的区别 用法:1.被动语态表示动作;作表语的过去分词表示状态。 The store is closed at five p.m. 表动作,是被动语态 这个商店下午5点钟关门。 The store is closed.这个商店关门了。 表状态,是系表结构 2.过去分词作表语,不能跟“by+名词(动作发出者)”结构,但常可以与其他介词短语连用。 I am not satisfied with her work. 系表结构 我对她的工作不满意。 He seemed worried about her health. 系表结构 他似乎很担心她的身体健康。 1.(2023·天津·高考真题)When Lisa moved to a new city, she had a hard time ________ to her new surroundings. A.adding B.adjusting C.applying D.attending 2.(2023·天津·高考真题)We are determined that our teacher training programs should ________ current developments in the field of education. A.catch sight of B.make room for C.take pride in D.keep pace with 3.(2023·天津·高考真题)________a small amount of money each month is widely recognized as a good habit for personal finance management. A.Picking out B.Putting aside C.Giving away D.Getting back 4.(2023·天津·高考真题)Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________a group for a birthday party. A.will be bringing B.have brought C.have been bringing D.were bringing 5.(2023·天津·高考真题)Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. A.has caused B.have caused C.was causing D.were causing 6.(2023·天津·高考真题)The wooden tower that _________ will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished. A.is being restored B.is restored C.is restoring D.restores 7.(2023·天津·高考真题)On April 22 every year, people around the world mark Earth Day by _________ the environment. A.adapting to B.benefiting from C.caring for D.relying on 8.(2022·天津·高考真题)Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. A.distribute B.distributed C.are distributed D.were distributed 9.(2022·天津·高考真题)Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A.prepare B.prepares C.is preparing D.are preparing 10.(2022·天津·高考真题)The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party. A.cancels B.will cancel C.has cancelled D.had cancelled 11.(2022·天津·高考真题)If we continue to________ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later. A.highlight B.identify C.ignore D.prevent 12.(2021·天津·高考真题)We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break. A.have done B.will do C.had done D.were doing 13.(2021·天津·高考真题)Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. A.judge B.differ C.withdraw D.benefit 14.(2021·天津·高考真题)Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A.were displaying B.are displaying C.were being displayed D.are being displayed 15.(2021·天津·高考真题)I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some. A.made up for B.run out of C.kept away from D.got down to 16.(2021·天津·高考真题)Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies. A.has offered B.has been offered C.had offered D.had been offered 17.(2021·天津·高考真题)Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first. A.delivered B.will be delivering C.was delivering D.has been delivering 18.(2021·天津·高考真题)Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years. A.stayed B.turned C.grown D.got 19.(2021·天津·高考真题)---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. ---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think. A.may have made B.should have made C.couldn't have made D.needn't have made 20.(2020·天津·高考真题)The company is willing to ______________ the new technology if it can be shown to reduce production costs. A.look over B.bring in C.put aside D.knock out 21.(2020·天津·高考真题)—The machine is working again! —Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it___________. A.has been fixed B.is being fixed C.had been fixed D.would be fixed 22.(2020·天津·高考真题)A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform. A.is B.are C.was D.were 23.(2020·天津·高考真题)—You are a great swimmer. —Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days. A.have been practising B.was practising C.would practise D.had practised 24.(2020·天津·高考真题)I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him. A.drank a toast to B.played a joke on C.kept an eye on D.made an apology to 25.(2020·天津·高考真题)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since. A.are remaining B.have remained C.is remaining D.has remained 26.(2020·天津·高考真题)We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking. A.understood B.accepted C.compromised D.declined 27.(2020·天津·高考真题)We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work. A.take up B.carry out C.keep on D.put off 28.(2019·天津·高考真题)You should respect the views of others, and at the same time what you think is right. A.care for B.look at C.insist on D.meet with 29.(2019·天津·高考真题)I took notes during the meeting, but I a chance to write them into a report so far. A.didn’t have B.haven’t had C.hadn’t had D.won’t have 30.(2019·天津·高考真题)We are determined that our training should ______the current development in education. A.keep pace with B.take possession of C.make room for D.give birth to 31.(2019·天津·高考真题)Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week. A.need have practised B.might practise C.must have practised D.could practise 32.(2019·天津·高考真题)I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. A.had hoped B.am hoping C.have hoped D.would hope 33.(2019·天津·高考真题)Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A.is given B.are given C.was given D.were given 34(2019·天津·高考真题)Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ________ what he was saying. A.set aside B.take back C.make out D.keep off 35.(2019·天津·高考真题)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time. A.accomplished B.had accomplished C.would accomplish D.would have accomplished 36.(2018·天津·高考真题)It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city, so it’s important to ______ a good map before you set out. A.study B.display C.deliver D.publish 37.(2018·天津·高考真题)I jumped with joy the moment I ______ my driver’s license in the mail. A.receive B.received C.had received D.would receive 38.(2018·天津·高考真题)When people want to expand their knowledge, they usually ______ books that offer useful information. A.point to B.turn to C.attend to D.belong to 39.(2018·天津·高考真题)(2018·天津) At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he _______ as she was so confidence about her skills. A.gave in B.dressed up C.broke in D.turned up 40.(2018·天津·高考真题)【2018·天津】It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer. A.display B.acquire C.teach D.test 41.(2018·天津·高考真题)(2018·天津) I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. A.should leave B.must have left C.might leave D.could have left 42.(2018·天津·高考真题)My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A.was repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired ( 第 2 页 共 18 页 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ ( 第 0 5 讲: 单项选择之 动词(时态&语态) +动词词义辨析 ) 1、 考试要求 时态和语态是历年高考必考的知识点。考试要求主要包括: 1. 时态和语态的结构 2. 时态和语态的基本用法 3. 易混时态的用法区别 4. 固定结构中的时态和语态 5. 被动语态的特殊形式 6. 动词及动词短语词义辨析 2、 命题分析 年份 动词时态&语态 动词/动词短语词义辨析 2023 will be bringing; has caused; is being restored; Having tried; were distributed; adjust to固定搭配,意为“适应”; keep pace with与……保持同步; Putting aside 存储; caring for关心; 2022 Prepares; had cancelled; having been allowed ignore忽视; 2021 have done; are being displayed; had been offered ; will be delivering can’t/couldn’t have done; withdraw抽身,撤退; run out of用完,用尽; stayed保持; 2020 has been fixed; were; have been practising; has remained; bring in引进; kept an eye on照看,留意,密切注视; declined谢绝; put off推迟 时态知识梳理 考点1 一般现在时 用法:1.be(am,is,are)动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。行为动词的第三人称单数加-s/es,其余人称用动词原形。 I am free tonight.我今晚有空。 The boy is ten years old.这个男孩10岁了。 They are students.他们是学生。 Bill often helps others.We like him a lot.比尔总是帮助他人。我们很喜欢他。 2.表示经常、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。 It often rains in our city.我们的城市经常下雨。 3.表示普遍真理和客观真实。 The earth moves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 4.表示心理状态或情感的动词往往用一般现在时。 She hates rock music.她讨厌摇滚乐。 5.在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。 I will call on you as soon as I am free.我空闲时会去拜访你。 提示:一般现在时可以用来代替一般将来时,表示已经预先计划或安排的肯定将要发生的动作,句中常有表示将来时间的状语。这一用法主要用于下列动词,如果arrive(到达),be(是),begin(开始),come(来到),go(去),leave(离开),reach(到达),start(出发)等。 The train leaves at eight o’clock.火车8点钟开车。 注意:一般现在时常用的时间状语有: today今天 often经常 always一直 sometimes有时 usually通常 seldom很少 on Sunday在星期天 every day/week/morning每天/每周/每天早上 考点2 一般过去时 用法:1.be(was/were)动词的使用由主语的人称和数决定。行为动词都要用过去式。 I was in Beijing last year.我去年在北京。 They visited the Great Wall yesterday.他们昨天去长城了。 2.表示过去某事件发生的动作或存在的状态。 My brother joined the army in 2000.我哥哥是2000年参的军。 The vase was broken just now.这只花瓶刚被打碎了。 3.句中虽没有明确地表示过去时间的状语,但实际上确实指过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态时,也要用一般过去时。 I thought your dog was dead.我以为你的狗死了。 4.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。 You often went climbing when you were a little boy.当你还是个小男孩时,常去爬山。 5.表示过去连续发生的动作。 She took off her coat and sat in the sofa.她脱了外套,坐在沙发上。 提示:如果要强调已经终止的习惯,要用used to do。 He used to smoke and drink.他过去经常抽烟喝酒。 I used to take a walk after supper.我过去总是在饭后散步。 注意:一般过去时常用的时间状语有: a moment ago刚刚 an hour ago一小时以前 last week/month/year上周/上月/去年 the other day前几天 this morning今天早上 two days ago两天前 yesterday昨天 just now刚才 考点3 现在进行时 用法:1.由“am/is/are+现在分词”构成。 the managers are having a meeting in Room 301.经理们正在301室开会。 2.表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。 He is writing a novel.他在写一部小说。 3.表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。 We are leaving for Taiwan tomorrow.我们正计划明天去台湾。 4.与always,forever等副词连用,用于表达说话人的厌烦、不满等强烈的感情。 She is always asking the question.她总是问这个问题。 My brother is always making the same mistake.我弟弟总是犯同样的错误。 提示:现在进行时表示暂时性的动作,一般现在时表示经常性的动作。 Where is he living?他(这几天/暂时/目前)住在哪儿? Where does he live?他住在哪儿? 注意:现在进行时常用的时间状语有: now现在 at present目前 this week这周 these days这几天 考点4 过去进行时 用法:1.由“was/were+现在分词”构成。 She was watching TV at seven last night.昨晚7点时她正在看电视。 2.表示过去某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 What was he doing at ten last night?昨晚10点他在干什么? 3.用于时间状语从句中。 My other was cooking while I was doing my homework.我做作业时妈妈正在做饭。 4.表示过去将要发生的动作。 He said he was attending the meeting the next day.他说他第二天要参加那个会议。 提示:表示感觉、感官的动词(see,look,hear,notice等),表示态度和感情、心理的动词(like等)及表示存在、继续的动词(be等),以及have,belong表示“占有”时,不用进行时。如“他今天看起来不错”应译成He looks fine today.而不能译成He is looking fine today.又如“我们有台新电脑”应译成We have a new computer.而不能译成We are having a new computer. 注意:过去进行时常用的时间状语有: at that time在那时 last night昨晚 then那时,当时 yesterday昨天 考点5 将来进行时 用法:1.由“shall/will be+现在分词”构成,第一人称用shall/will,其他人称都用will。 Don’t call me tonight,I shall/will be doing my homework at that time. 今晚别给我打电话,那时我在写作业。 He’ll be leaving in two days.他后两天动身。 2.表示在将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作,常常带有时间状语短语或时间状语从句。 What will he be doing this time next year?明年的此时他会在干什么? When you get to the station at nine tomorrow,I will be waiting for you there. 明天你9点到车站时,我将在那儿等你。 3.表示按计划将要发生的动作。 They will be having their holidays in June.他们将于6月份放假。 提示:将来进行时在口语中使用比较普遍,它不带感情色彩,单纯表示一个将来的动作。 考点6 一般将来时 用法:1.由“am/is/are going to+动词原形”或“will/shall+动词原形”构成。 He’s going to see a film with his girlfriend.他要和他的女朋友去看电影。 We’ll have an examination tomorrow.我们明天有一个考试。 2.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 There will be a meeting tomorrow.明天有一个会议。 3.在主从复合句的主句中表示将来的动作或状态。 I will wait for you when I arrive there.我到那儿后会等着你。 提示:“be going to+动词原形”表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。“will/shall+动词原形”表示未经考虑的意图。 注意:“be to+动词原形”表示按安排、计划而且是在近期发生或必须要做的事情。“be about to+动词原形”表示马上、很快就要发生的动作,都可以用来表示一般将来时。 The children are to learn English next week.孩子们下周要去学英语。 The manager is about to arrive in Beijing.经理马上就要到达北京了。 考点7 过去将来时 用法:1.由“was/were going to+动词原形”或“would/should+动词原形”构成。 He told me that he was going to see his brother.他告诉我他将要去看他的哥哥。 I knew he would come.我知道他要来。 2.表示从过去某一时间来看,将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中。 She wondered where he would go.她很想知道他会去哪儿。 3.表示过去习惯性的动作。 Whenever I had time,I would read books.过去一有时间,我就会读书。 考点8 现在完成时 用法:1.由“has/have+过去分词”构成,第三人称单数用has,其他人称都用have。 Jack has taught English in our school for three years. 杰克在我们学校教英语已经3年了。 I have had a DVD for a week.我买DVD已经一周了。 2.表示“继续”,说明从过去某时开始的动作、状态一直延续到现在。 The weather has been cold so far this winter.今年冬天直到现在都很冷。 3.表示“经验”,说明过去开始的动作现在刚结束。表示“结果”时,说明过去动作的结果对现在仍有影响。 Someone has broken the windows of my house.有人把我房子的窗户打破了。 提示:有些只能表示短暂动作或位置移动的动词不能表示延续的动作或状态,因此它们不能和由since,for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词有arrive(到达),buy(购买),come(来),die(死亡),get up(起床),go(去),join(参加),leave(离开),open(打开)等。 注意:现在完成时常用的时间状语有: just刚刚 already已经 ever曾经 for a long time很长时间 never从未 for three months3个月之久 now现在 recently/lately近来 since自从 since 1991从1991年以来 since then其后 so far迄今为止 this week这周 till/up to now直到现在 today今天 yet仍然,已经 during the last two weeks在最近两个星期 in the past few days在最近几天 考点9 过去完成时 用法:1.由“had+过去分词”构成。 The film had already begun when we arrived.我们到的时候,电影已经开演了。 2.表示在过去的过去已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。 By the end of last month,Jack had learned skating for five months. 到上个月末,杰克已经学滑冰5个月了。 3.与when,before,till等引导的时间状语从句连用,强调动作发生时间的前后。 She had already cleaned the house before her parents came back. 她父母回来之前,她已经打扫了房间。 4.用于间接引语或宾语从句中。 He said he had read the book twice.他说这本书他已经读了两遍了。 提示:过去完成时还可表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。主要用于下列动词:expect,suppose,hope,intend,mean,think等。 We had hoped to catch the 8:30 train,but found it was gone. 我们本来希望赶8:30的火车,却发现它已经开走了。 注意:过去完成时常用的时间状语有: just刚刚 already已经 ever曾经 yet仍然 by then截止到那时 by nine o’clock直到9点 up till then直到那时 up till last night直到昨晚 by the end of...到……末 by the time...在……时之前 考点10 将来完成时 用法:1.由“shall/will have+过去分词”构成,第一人称用shall/will,其他人称都用will。 I shall/will have read this book by Friday.到星期五,我就看完这本书了。 2.表示动作或状态延续到将来某一段时间,常用延续性动词。多与by,for,before等时间状语连用。 We shall have walked a long way before we reach there.到达那儿前,我们将要走很长一段路。 3.表示动作在将来某一段时间以前已结束,但其影响却持续到那一时间,常用终止性动词。 You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天这个时候你就到上海了。 提示:在时间和条件状语从句中要用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 I will give my opinion when I have read the book through.我把书看完了再提意见。 考点11 现在完成进行时 用法:1.由“has/have been+现在分词”构成,第三人称单数用has,其他人称都用have。 He has been saying that ten times.这话他已经说了10遍了。 2.表示发生在过去一直持续到现在的动作,常与延续性动词连用。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍继续下去。 The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国已有两千年的造纸历史。 3.表示在现在以前的这个阶段重复发生的事情。 He has been calling me on several times this week.他这个星期来看我好几次了。 4.强调动作延续时间长或表达某些感情色彩。 We have been expecting to see you for a long time.长久以来,我们一直想见你。 提示:某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时,只能用于现在完成时,如see,hear,know,have,like,be等感官动词、表示状态或喜好的动词和某些表示思维活动的动词。 考点12 过去完成进行时 用法:由“had been+现在分词”构成。表示动作从过去某一事件之前开始,到过去某一时间仍在进行或刚刚结束。同过去完成时一样,过去完成进行时必须以过去某一特定时间为基准。 She had been living here before she went to Shanghai. 她去上海之前一直住在这里。 语态知识梳理 考点① 被动语态的10种语态 用法:被动语态无完成进行时和将来进行时,只有下面10种时态。 (1)一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词 (2)一般过去时:was/were+过去分词 (3)一般将来时:shall/will+be+过去分词 (4)现在进行时:am/is/are+being+过去分词 (5)过去进行时:was/were+being+过去分词 (6)现在完成时:has/have+been+过去分词 (7)过去完成时:had+been+过去分词 (8)将来完成时:shall/will+have been+过去分词 (9)过去将来时:should/would+be+过去分词 (10)过去将来完成时:should/would+have been+过去分词 提示:将谓语动词为完成进行时或将来进行时的句子变为被动句时,可用完成时态或一般时态。 The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已经修了两个小时了。 用现在完成时替代现在完成进行时,不能用...has been being repaired... This subject will be discussed by us tomorrow morning.明天早上这个题目将由我们讨论。 用一般将来时替代将来进行时,不能用...will be being discussed... 考点② 被动语态的句型 用法:1.肯定句:主语+be+过去分词+(by...) The child is well loved by people.这个孩子很招人喜爱。 2.否定句:主语+be not+过去分词+(by...) The battery wasn’t charged yesterday.电池昨天没有被充电。 3.一般疑问句:Be+主语+过去分词+(by...) Was the package posted?包裹被寄出去了吗? 4.特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by...) Who was the flying disk invented by?飞碟是由谁发明的? 考点③ 主动语态转换为被动语态的步骤 用法:步骤1:把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动句中的主语。 步骤2:原主动句中的主语,如有必要,转换成宾格形式,放在介词by之后,如无必要,可省略。 步骤3:把动词的主动形式改为被动形式,即“be+过去分词”。 步骤4:其他成分(定语、状语)不变,句子的时态不变。 The naughty boy broke the window yesterday. 主动句 定语 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 那个淘气的男孩昨天打碎了这扇窗户。 The window was broken by the naughty boy yesterday. 被动句 主语 谓语 by+施动者 状语 这扇窗户昨天被那个淘气的男孩打碎了。 提示:把主动语态改为被动语态时,be的人称和数要根据新主语的人称和数变化,但时态要和主动语态一致。 考点④ 被动语态的类型 用法:1.及物动词构成的被动语态a.有一个宾语的句子 (1)主动句:主语+谓语+宾语 (2)被动句:主语+be+过去分词+by+原主格(宾格) 2.及物动词构成的被动语态b.有双宾语的句子 (1)主动句:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 (2)被动句1:主语(原间接宾语)+be+过去分词+原直接宾语+by+原主语(宾格) (3)被动句2:主语(原直接宾语)+be+过去分词+原间接宾语+by+原主语(宾格) I have asked Joe the question.我已经问乔这个问题了。 →Joe has been asked the question(by me). 间接宾语Joe作主语 乔被(我)问了这个问题。 →The question has been asked(of)Joe(by me). 直接宾语the question作主语 这个问题我问乔了。 3.及物动词构成的被动语态c.有宾语补足语的句子 (1)主动句:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 (2)被动句:主语+be+过去分词+宾语补足语+by+原主语(宾语) They will make Beijing more beautiful.他们将会把北京建设得更美丽。 →Beijing will be made more beautiful(by them).北京将会被(他们)建设得更美丽。 4.短语动词构成的被动语态 (1)主动句:主语+不及物动词+介词/副词+宾语 (2)被动句:主语+be+过去分词+介词/副词+by+原主语(宾格) She looks after her grandmother.她照顾她的奶奶。 →Her grandmother is looked after(by her). 介词after不可去掉 她的奶奶被(她)照顾。 5.情态动词构成的被动语态 (1)主动句:主语+情态动词+动词原形+宾语 (2)被动句:主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+by+原主格(宾语) We can easily download new books from the Internet. 我们可以很容易地从互联网上下载新书。 →New books can be easily downloaded from the Internet(by us). 新书可以很容易地(被我们)从互联网上下载。 6.祈使句的被动语态(当主动句为肯定祈使句时) (1)主动句:动词原形+宾语 (2)被动句:Let+原宾语+be+过去分词 Empty the rubbish bin at once! →Let the rubbish bin be emptied at once!立刻清空垃圾箱! 考点⑤ 被动语态的注意事项 用法:1.不愿说出动作的执行者或需强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。 The toys are intended for children aged six and up.那些玩具是为6岁及6岁以上儿童设计的。 2.当宾语是反身代词、相互代词、不定式或动名词时,不能用被动语态。 The girl found herself in the valley.小女孩忽然发现自己已经置身山谷中了。 3.当谓语是表状态、结果的及物动词时,不能用被动语态。 Does the pair of shoes suit you?那双鞋子你穿着合适吗? 4.当宾语表示数量、质量、大小、程度时,不能用被动语态。 The jade weighs one ton.这块玉石重1吨。 提示:在以下句型中,用主动语态来表示被动含义: (1)主语+be worth+doing sth. The novel is well worth reading.这篇小说很值得一读。 (2)主语+have/get+sth./sb.+done I had my watch stolen.我的手表被偷了。 (3)主语+want/need/require+doing sth. The room needs cleaning.这间屋子需要打扫。 (4)主语+be+under/in+抽象名词 The car is in repair.那辆车正在修理。 考点⑥ 被动语态与系表结构的区别 用法:1.被动语态表示动作;作表语的过去分词表示状态。 The store is closed at five p.m. 表动作,是被动语态 这个商店下午5点钟关门。 The store is closed.这个商店关门了。 表状态,是系表结构 2.过去分词作表语,不能跟“by+名词(动作发出者)”结构,但常可以与其他介词短语连用。 I am not satisfied with her work. 系表结构 我对她的工作不满意。 He seemed worried about her health. 系表结构 他似乎很担心她的身体健康。 1.(2023·天津·高考真题)When Lisa moved to a new city, she had a hard time ________ to her new surroundings. A.adding B.adjusting C.applying D.attending 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】add、adjust、apply、attend、动词词义辨析 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当丽莎搬到一个新的城市时,她很难适应新的环境。A. adding增加;B. adjusting适应;C. applying申请;D. attending出席。由下文“to her new surroundings.”可知,此处表示适应新的环境,adjust to固定搭配,意为“适应”,故选B。 2.(2023·天津·高考真题)We are determined that our teacher training programs should ________ current developments in the field of education. A.catch sight of B.make room for C.take pride in D.keep pace with 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】catch sight of、make room for、take pride in、keep pace with、动词短语辨析 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:我们决心我们的教师培训计划应该跟上当前教育领域的发展。A. catch sight of看见;B. make room for为……腾出空间;C. take pride in以……为骄傲;D. keep pace with与……保持同步;跟上……。由上文“our teacher training programs should”和下文“current developments in the field of education.”可知,教师培训计划应该跟上当前教育领域的发展,“跟上”为动词短语keep pace with,故选D。 3.(2023·天津·高考真题)________a small amount of money each month is widely recognized as a good habit for personal finance management. A.Picking out B.Putting aside C.Giving away D.Getting back 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】get back、give away、pick out、动词短语辨析 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:每月存一点钱被广泛认为是个人理财的好习惯。A. Picking out 挑选出;B. Putting aside 存储;C. Giving away 捐赠;D. Getting back 回来。根据“is widely recognized as a good habit for personal finance management”可知,存钱理财是好习惯。故选 B。 4.(2023·天津·高考真题)Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________a group for a birthday party. A.will be bringing B.have brought C.have been bringing D.were bringing 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】将来进行时 【详解】考查时态。句意:如果你提前告诉一些餐馆你将带一个团队来参加生日派对,他们会很乐意提供一个免费的蛋糕。根据“in advance”可知,此处表示将来的动作,所以应用将来进行时。故选A。 5.(2023·天津·高考真题)Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. A.has caused B.have caused C.was causing D.were causing 【答案】A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】cause、现在完成时、语法一致 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:人类对动物王国的影响,如狩猎和破坏栖息地,在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。设空处为谓语,根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时,主语Human impact,谓语用第三人称单数,故选A。 6.(2023·天津·高考真题)The wooden tower that _________ will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished. A.is being restored B.is restored C.is restoring D.restores 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】现在进行时的被动语态 【详解】考查时态语态。句意:正在修复的木塔很快将对游客开放,工程即将完工。A. is being restored正在被修复,现在进行时的被动语态;B. is restored被修复,一般现在时的被动语态;C. is restoring正在修复,现在进行时;D.restores修复,一般现在时。此句the wooden tower是先行词,做定语从句的主语,restore是定语从句的谓语动词,二者在逻辑上是被动关系,所以要用被动语态。根据后文the work is almost finished,修复工作几乎快要结束,说明还没结束,修复、复原工作正在进行。所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being restored,故选A项。 7.(2023·天津·高考真题)On April 22 every year, people around the world mark Earth Day by _________ the environment. A.adapting to B.benefiting from C.caring for D.relying on 【答案】C 【难度】0.85 【知识点】adapt to、care for、rely on、动词短语辨析 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:每年的4月22日,世界各地的人们都通过关心环境来纪念地球日。A. adapting to适应;B. benefiting from受益于;C. caring for关心;D. relying on依靠。根据上文“people around the world mark Earth Day by”指通过关心环境来纪念地球日。故选C。 8.(2022·天津·高考真题)Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. A.distribute B.distributed C.are distributed D.were distributed 【答案】D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】一般过去时的被动语态、distribute 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:上周日飓风过后,食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知,Food and medical supplies作主语,为复数,与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系,故需要用被动语态be distributed;根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知,句子需要用一般过去时态,故be动词要用were。故选D项。 9.(2022·天津·高考真题)Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A.prepare B.prepares C.is preparing D.are preparing 【答案】B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】prepare、一般现在时、语法一致 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定,句子主语为Critical reasoning,谓语动词应用单数形式,此处为客观陈述,应用一般现在时。故选B项。 10.(2022·天津·高考真题)The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party. A.cancels B.will cancel C.has cancelled D.had cancelled 【答案】D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】cancel、过去完成时 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:当孩子们发现学校取消了派对时,他们无法掩饰他们的失望。结合句意可知,学校取消派对发生在前,孩子无法掩饰失望发生在后,故从句的cancel为“过去的过去”,需要用过去完成时态。故选D项。 11.(2022·天津·高考真题)If we continue to________ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later. A.highlight B.identify C.ignore D.prevent 【答案】C 【难度】0.85 【知识点】highlight、identify、ignore、prevent、动词词义辨析 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们继续忽视环境问题,我们迟早会后悔的。A. highlight突出;强调;B. identify辨认;识别;C. ignore忽视;D. prevent阻止。由句意可知对于环境问题我们迟早会后悔,而这一切都是因为我们对环境问题的忽视。故选C项。 12.(2021·天津·高考真题)We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break. A.have done B.will do C.had done D.were doing 【答案】A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】do(did done)、现在完成时 【详解】考查时态。句意:今天上午我们做的工作够多的了,现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句“now let's take a break.”可知,做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在,应用现在完成时。故选A。 13.(2021·天津·高考真题)Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. A.judge B.differ C.withdraw D.benefit 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】benefit、differ、judge、withdraw、动词词义辨析 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来,在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge判断;B. differ不同;C. withdraw抽身,撤退;D. benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系,所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来,withdraw from“离开”。故选C。 14.(2021·天津·高考真题)Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A.were displaying B.are displaying C.were being displayed D.are being displayed 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】display、现在进行时的被动语态、需要使用被动语态的情况 【详解】考查时态和语态。目前,大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里,要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知,应该用现在进行时;display与主语works之间为被动关系,所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。 15.(2021·天津·高考真题)I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some. A.made up for B.run out of C.kept away from D.got down to 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】get down to、keep away from…、run out of、动词词义辨析、make up for 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我想包饺子,但发现我的面粉用完了,所以我出去买了一些。A. made up for弥补;B. run out of用完,用尽;C. kept away from远离,回避;D. got down to开始认真做。结合句意,此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。 16.(2021·天津·高考真题)Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies. A.has offered B.has been offered C.had offered D.had been offered 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】过去完成时的被动语态、offer sb. sth. 【详解】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意:马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候,已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。该句是复合句,含By the time引导的时间状语从句,主句动作先于从句动作,且主句主语he和谓语动词offer之间是被动关系,是过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。 17.(2021·天津·高考真题)Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first. A.delivered B.will be delivering C.was delivering D.has been delivering 【答案】B 【难度】0.94 【知识点】deliver、将来进行时 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意:大家晚上好,金教授马上要发表演讲,但(开始之前)让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment(立即,即将,一会儿)的提示,可知教授的演讲还未开始,用将来时态(一般将来时或将来进行时),仅有B符合题意,是将来进行时的结构,故选B。 18.(2021·天津·高考真题)Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years. A.stayed B.turned C.grown D.got 【答案】A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】get(变得 vi.)、grow (变成/变得)、stay、turn (变得)、动词词义辨析 【详解】考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意:虽然有一些人来了又走了,但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。A.stayed保持;B.turned变成(某种颜色);C.grown变得;D.got变成。根据“the restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知,这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”,表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。 19.(2021·天津·高考真题)---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. ---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think. A.may have made B.should have made C.couldn't have made D.needn't have made 【答案】A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】can’t/couldn’t have done的用法、should(ought to) have done的用法、needn’t have done的用法、may/might have done的用法 【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意:—老实说,我觉得我不会被录取。—唉,谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能;B.should have made本应该做;C.couldn't have made不可能做;D.needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知,此处表示的是有可能,故选A。 20.(2020·天津·高考真题)The company is willing to ______________ the new technology if it can be shown to reduce production costs. A.look over B.bring in C.put aside D.knock out 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】动词词义辨析、look over、knock out 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:如果能够证明新技术能降低生产成本,公司愿意引进。A. look over检查,察看;B. bring in引进;C. put aside把……放在一边,暂不考虑;D. knock out击倒,打破。根据“if it can be shown to reduce production costs.”可知,此处指公司引进新技术,故选B。 21.(2020·天津·高考真题)—The machine is working again! —Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it___________. A.has been fixed B.is being fixed C.had been fixed D.would be fixed 【答案】A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】现在完成时 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:机器又运转了!是的,昨天机器出故障了,但已经被修好了。通过分析语境可知,此处使用现在完成时,表示截至目前已经完成的动作。故选A项。 22.(2020·天津·高考真题)A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform. A.is B.are C.was D.were 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】语法一致、一般过去时 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:去年进行的一项调查显示,该市80%的中年人赞成医疗改革的建议。通过分析句子结构并翻译语境可知,主句时态为一般过去时,根据时态一致性可知从句中时态也为一般过去时,且从句中主语80% of the middle-aged是复数,按照主谓一致原则,因此使用be动词were。故选D项。 23.(2020·天津·高考真题)—You are a great swimmer. —Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days. A.have been practising B.was practising C.would practise D.had practised 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】现在完成进行时 【详解】 考查时态。句意:-你游泳很棒。-谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知,“练习游泳”从数天前开始,一直持续到现在,因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。 24.(2020·天津·高考真题)I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him. A.drank a toast to B.played a joke on C.kept an eye on D.made an apology to 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】动词词义辨析、play a joke on sb.、make an apology、keep an eye on 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子,因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to为……干杯;B. played a joke on开……的玩笑;C. kept an eye on照看,留意,密切注视;D. made an apology to向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子,所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境,故选C。 25.(2020·天津·高考真题)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since. A.are remaining B.have remained C.is remaining D.has remained 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】现在完成时、语法一致 【详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初,医学院的数量达到了18所,此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语,句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools,the number of表示“……的数目”,中心词是number,所以是单数,作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上,故选D。 26.(2020·天津·高考真题)We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking. A.understood B.accepted C.compromised D.declined 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】动词词义辨析、understand(understood understood)、decline、compromise、accept 【详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家,但她拒绝了,说她想步行回去。A. understood    理解;B. accepted接受;C. compromised妥协;D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知,Sharon想自己回家,所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。 27.(2020·天津·高考真题)We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work. A.take up B.carry out C.keep on D.put off 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】carry out、keep on doing sth.、put off、take up、动词词义辨析 【详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据; B. carry out实施;C. keep on 继续;D. put off推迟。根据“the one we have doesn’t work”可知,我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以,我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。 28.(2019·天津·高考真题)You should respect the views of others, and at the same time what you think is right. A.care for B.look at C.insist on D.meet with 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】动词词义辨析 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:你应该尊重别人的观点,同时坚持你认为正确的事情。A. care for关心,照顾;B. look at看;C. insist on坚持;D. meet with符合,偶然遇见。故C选项正确。 29.(2019·天津·高考真题)I took notes during the meeting, but I a chance to write them into a report so far. A.didn’t have B.haven’t had C.hadn’t had D.won’t have 【答案】B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】现在完成时 【详解】考查时态。句意:会议期间我做了笔记,但到目前为止我还没有机会把它们写进报告里。根据句中时间状语so far可知,此处应使用现在完成时。故B选项正确。 【点睛】现在完成时的部分常见标志词(组)in the past few days/weeks/months/years;(up to)these few days/weeks/months/years;up to present/now;so far;till now及句型:It is the 序数词 +time that…谓语动词使用现在完成时。 30.(2019·天津·高考真题)We are determined that our training should ______the current development in education. A.keep pace with B.take possession of C.make room for D.give birth to 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们决心使我们的培训跟上当前教育的发展。A. keep pace with保持同步;B. take possession of占有,拥有;C. make room for为……腾出空间;D. give birth to产生,造成。故A选项正确。 31.(2019·天津·高考真题)Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week. A.need have practised B.might practise C.must have practised D.could practise 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】must have done的用法 【详解】考查情态动词。句意:保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测,意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。 32.(2019·天津·高考真题)I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. A.had hoped B.am hoping C.have hoped D.would hope 【答案】A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】过去完成时 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意:我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的,可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时,所以发生在它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。 33.(2019·天津·高考真题)Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A.is given B.are given C.was given D.were given 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】一般过去时的被动语态、一般过去时 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:艾米和她的兄弟们当上周回到村里时,受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知,应用过去时,排除选项A和B;本句的主语是Amy,她受到热烈欢迎,所以用过去时的被动。故选C。 34(2019·天津·高考真题)Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ________ what he was saying. A.set aside B.take back C.make out D.keep off 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】动词词义辨析 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音,但她听不清他在说什么。A. set aside存储,留出;B. take back收回,拿回;C. make out辨认出,理解,了解;D. keep off(使)避开。根据but可推知,凯特应该是听不清。故选C。 35.(2019·天津·高考真题)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time. A.accomplished B.had accomplished C.would accomplish D.would have accomplished 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】含蓄条件句、与过去事实相反的假设 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知,这是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设,其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选D。 36.(2018·天津·高考真题)It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city, so it’s important to ______ a good map before you set out. A.study B.display C.deliver D.publish 【答案】A 【难度】0.94 【知识点】动词词义辨析 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当你在一个陌生的城市开车时很容易迷路,所以在出发前仔细看一张好地图是很重要的。A. study 细看;B. display展示;C. deliver 投递;D. publish出版。由“It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city,before you set out”可知,study“细看”符合句意。故选A项。 37.(2018·天津·高考真题)I jumped with joy the moment I ______ my driver’s license in the mail. A.receive B.received C.had received D.would receive 【答案】B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】一般过去时 【详解】考查时态。句意:我一收到邮寄来的驾照,就高兴得跳了起来。the moment引导的时间状语从句,主句主语与从句主语几乎同时发生,且句子都为一般过去时。故选B项。 38.(2018·天津·高考真题)When people want to expand their knowledge, they usually ______ books that offer useful information. A.point to B.turn to C.attend to D.belong to 【答案】B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】动词词义辨析 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:当人们想要扩展他们的知识时,他们通常求助于提供有用信息的书籍。A. point to指向;B. turn to求助于;C. attend to照顾;D. belong to属于。由“When people want to expand their knowledge, offer useful information.”可知,turn to“求助于”符合句意。故选B项。 39.(2018·天津·高考真题)(2018·天津) At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he _______ as she was so confidence about her skills. A.gave in B.dressed up C.broke in D.turned up 【答案】A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】动词词义辨析 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:起初,罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水,但最终他让步了,因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服,让步;B. dressed up打扮;C. broke in闯入;打断;D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知,最终他让步了。故选A。 点睛:本题考查动词短语辨析。分析后句的原因状语可以判定出罗伯特最终让步,再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累,尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。 40.(2018·天津·高考真题)【2018·天津】It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer. A.display B.acquire C.teach D.test 【答案】B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】动词词义辨析 【详解】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示;B. acquire获得;C. teach教;D. test测试。故选B。 点睛:本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点,解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别,再联系句意进行判断,从而选出正确答案。 41.(2018·天津·高考真题)(2018·天津) I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. A.should leave B.must have left C.might leave D.could have left 【答案】D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】can/could have done的用法 【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done,再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词could,表示“可能”。故选D。 【点睛】情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点:第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词 + have done;如果是对现在事情的推测,才用情态动词+v原形。第二、情态动词的选择。must为肯定推测,表示“一定”,could为不肯定推测,表示“可能”,这样就能选出正确答案。 42.(2018·天津·高考真题)My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A.was repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired 【答案】C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】现在进行时 【详解】考查时态。句意:这周我的洗衣机正在修,所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知,洗衣机正在修,故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。 点睛:本题考查时态。分析选项可以知道,4个选项都用了被动语态,本题考查的其实是不同的时态。选项A是过去时;选项B是一般现在时的被动;选项C是现在进行时;选项D是现在完成时。再结合语境进行分析,最终判断出最佳答案。 ( 第 2 页 共 27 页 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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