内容正文:
一、用 some和 any 表示数量
·语法示例· ·语法概述
We need some meat, ... and also some fruit and vegetables. 我们需要一些肉,……还需要一些水果和蔬菜。(教材P85)
在英语中,我们可以用 some 和 any 这样表示不定数或不定量的词来修饰名词。
: Do we need any other things? 我们还需要一些其他东西吗? (教材P85)
We don't have any drinks. Can we buy some, Mum? 我们没有饮料了。我们能买一些吗,妈妈? (教材P85)
some 和 any 表示数量的用法。
sme 表示“一些”,既 可修饰可数名 词,又可修饰不可数名词。用于肯定句中。
用于提出建议或请求的疑问句中, 表示希望得 到对方的肯定答复。
any 用于否定句或疑问句中。
用于肯定句中,强调“任何一个的”。
There are some people in the room.房间里有一些人。
· Would you like some rice? 你想来点儿米饭吗?
I don't have any money. 我没有钱。
Do you have any chocolate cakes? 你有巧克力蛋糕吗?
' You can take any box on the table.你可以拿走桌上任何一个盒子。
特别提醒
含有 some 的肯定句若要转换成否定句或疑问句,一般要将some 变为 any。
典例1 (2024 泰州市泰兴市期末)— Can I have _ milk, Mum?
Sorry, we don't have _ at home now.
A. some; some B. some; any
C. any; any D. any; some
解析:句意:“妈妈,我能喝一些牛奶吗?”“对不起,我们家里现在没有了。”some用于肯定句或希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中; any 常用于否定句或疑问句中。问句是希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句,第一空处用 some;答句是否定句,第二空处用 any。故选B。
语法精练
一、用 some或 any 填空
1.(2024宿迁期末改编)Can I have _ sweets?—— Sorry, I don't have _ .
2.(2024 常州期末改编)Would you like to drink _ juice, Alice?
— Yes, I'd love to. But I can't find _ in the glass. It's empty.
3.— Have we got _ apples?
— No, we haven't. We've got_ oranges.
4.(2024扬州邗江区期末改编)
There are not _ potatoes in the kitchen. Let's go and buy _ .
二、按要求完成句子
5. We do some shopping every week.(改为否定句)
We __ shopping every week.
6. I have some bread for breakfast. (改为一般疑问句)
Do you have _ bread for breakfast?
7. The rabbit eats some carrots. (改为否定句)
The rabbit __ carrots.
8. We don't have any English lessons on Thursday.(改为肯定句)
We _ English lessons on Thursday.
二、 there be结构
1. There is some milk and strawberries on the table.桌子上有一些牛奶和草莓。(教材P86)
2. There are some strawberries and milk on the table.桌子上有一些草莓和牛奶。(教材P86)
3. There is not any bread on the table.桌子上没有一些面包。(教材P86)
there be 结构常用来表示“某地有某物或某人”。 there 没有实际意义,动词 be的形式要与其后的名词保持一致。
4. Are there any vegetables on the table? 桌子上有一些蔬菜吗? (教材P86)
语法精讲
there be 结构的主谓一致
①在 there be 结构中,如果动词 be 后的主语为可数名词单数或不可数名词,动词 be用单数形式。
There is a man under the tree.树下有一名男子。
There is some milk in the bottle.瓶子里有一些牛奶。
❷如果动词 be后的主语为可数名词复数,动词be用复数形式。
There are many trees in the park.公园里有很多树。
❸如果动词 be后面的主语是两个或两个以上的名词,动词be的单复数形式要和离它最近的名词保持一致,即“邻近原则”。
There is a ruler and two erasers on the desk.书桌上有一把尺子和两块橡皮。 →与a ruler保持一致
There are two erasers and one ruler on the desk.书桌上有两块橡皮和一把尺子。 →与 two erasers保持一致
be结构不可与 have/ has同时使用。
there be 结构的用法
there be 结构有特点,主语跟在 be后面;
单数、不可数用 is,复数用 are要记全;
多个主语来并列, “邻近原则”记心间;
否定 be后 not添,疑问就把 be提前。
一、单项选择
1.(2023 宿迁中考改编) There a lot of new magazines in our school reading room.
A. is B. have
C. are D. has
2.—— Sam, is there a music hall in your school?
—_ . It's on the right of the science building.
A. Yes, there is
B. No, there isn't
C. Yes, it is
D. No, it isn't
3.(2024 连云港市期末) Look! There _ some milk and cakes on the table. Enjoy them!
A. is B. are
C. has D. have
二、用动词 be的适当形式填空
4. Look! There _ _ a little girl in the room.
5.— Mary, _ there any pictures on the wall?
— Yes, there _ .
6. There _ some glass on the floor. Be careful!
7.(常德中考) There _a book and two rulers on the desk.
8. There _ some apples and a pear in the fridge.
9.(2024 泰州市泰兴市期末)_ there any toy shops in the supermarket?
三、按要求完成句子
10.照片中有四个女孩和三个男孩。(完成句子)
_ _ four girls and three boys in the photo.
11. Our school has many science books. (改为同义句)
_ many science books in our school.
12.你们学校有一个阅览室吗? (完成句子)
_ a reading room in your school?
13. There is a book in my bag. (改为复数句)
_ some_ in our bags.
14.我们的教室里没有电视。(完成句子)
There _TVs in our classroom.
15.— Is there a bird in the tree? (作否定回答)
— No, _.
答案见下页:
一、用 some和 any 表示数量
一、1. some; any 2. some; any 3. any; some
4. any; some
二、5. don't do any 6. any 7. doesn't eat any
8. have some
二、 there be 结构
一、1. C 由“There”可知,本句为 there be 结构,不与 have/ has连用。 magazines 为可数名词复数,动词 be用 are。
2. A 根据空后的“It's on the right of the science
building”可知我们学校有音乐厅。 there be 结构的肯定回答为“Yes, there is/ are.”。故选 A。
3. A句意:看! 桌子上有一些牛奶和蛋糕。好好享用吧! 此句为 there be 结构,不与 have/ has 连用。动词 be的单复数形式与离它最近的名词保持一致, milk 是不可数名词,动词 be用 is。故选 A。
二、4. is 5 . are; are 6. is 7. is 8. are 9. Are
三、10. There are 11. There are 12. Is there
13. There are; books 14. aren't any 15. there isn't
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