2025届高考英语非谓语动词导学案

第一节 不定式 不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。及物动词的不定式可以带宾语，也可以被状语修饰。不及物动词的不定式不可以直接带宾语，但可以被状语修饰；若要带宾语，则应加上相应的介词。带有宾语或状语的不定式称为不定式短语，如to arrive at the airport。不定式的否定式是在不定式前加not或never。但不定式作目的状语时，其否定式常用“in order not+不定式”或“so as not+不定式”的形式。 一、不定式的式和态 形式 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 完成进行式 to have been doing （一）不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或在其后发生。 【例】He threatened to cut my hair off. 他威胁要剪掉我的头发。 （二）不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 【例】Mr. Brown is supposed to have left for Italy last week. 布朗先生应该上周就动身去意大利了。 （三）不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，而且正在进行。 【例】The old man pretends to be sleeping. 那个老人假装在睡觉。 （四）不定式的完成进行式 不定式的完成进行式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，而且一直在进行。 【例】He was very happy to have been staying with his uncle.他很高兴一直跟他叔叔住在一起。 （五）不定式的被动语态 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式“to be+过去分词”或“to have been+过去分词”。 【例】The building to be built there is our lab. （不定式的一般被动式） 那边将要建的那幢楼是我们的实验大楼。 The temple is said to have been built in the Ming Dynasty. （不定式的完成被动式） 据说这座寺庙建于明朝。 二、不定式的句法功能 不定式可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语等成分。 （一）作主语 1.不定式或不定式短语直接作主语，表示没有发生的动作或具体的动作，谓语动词用单数。 【例】To find a good job is my wish. 找份好工作是我的愿望。 To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。 To master computer skills is very necessary. 精通电脑技术是十分必要的。 2.如果用作主语的不定式（短语）较长，常用it作形式主语而把真正的主语移到句子的后面，以保持整个句子结构的平衡，形成句型：It is（was）+形容词+（for/of+sb.）to do sth.，其中for/of用来引出不定式的逻辑主语（不定式动作的发出者）。在这个句型中，如果前面的形容词（如hard, impossible, important等）是描述do sth.的，就用for sb.如果前面的形容词（如nice, kind, clever, foolish, smart等）是形容人的品质的，就用of sb. 【例】It is very important to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语是非常重要的。 It is nice of you to help me. 你能帮助我真是太好了 3.动词不定式作主语的特殊句型：It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 【例】It took him three days to paint his new house. 他花了三天时间油漆新房。 It took me two hours to finish the homework. 我花了两小时才完成作业。 4.当不定式（短语）在believe, consider, find, make, regard, think, feel等动词后作宾语时，一般用it作形式宾语，代替不定式（短语），同时把不定式（短语）置于补语之后，即构成“主语+动词+it+补语+to do…”结构。 【例】We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. 我们认为学好一门外语对我们很重要。 （二）作表语 不定式作表语时，表明主语“是什么”，不定式表示具体的或一次性的动作，从时态的角度说，一般多是将要发生的。大部分情况下，主语和表语的位置可以互换。若主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，则形式必须保持一致，即前后要么都是不定式，要么都是动名词。 【例】His job is to teach English. 他的工作是教英语。 His suggestion was to go there by taxi. 他的建议是打的去那儿。 My aim is to go to university. 我的目标就是考上大学。 Her work is to look after the babies. 她的工作就是照顾小婴儿。 The question is how to get there. 问题是怎么去那儿。 （三）作宾语 1.有些动词或动词短语后只用不定式作宾语。常与不定式作宾语连用的动词或动词短语有：want, try, hope, wish, plan, learn, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, like, love, hate, begin, start, choose, decide, fail, forget, remember, continue, demand, desire, pretend, intend, hesitate, prepare, happen, fail, expect, determine, beg, afford, ask, be supposed to do sth., be about to do sth.等。 【例】I want to eat ice-cream.我想吃冰激凌。 I tried to forget her.我努力去忘记她。 You promised to give it to me.你答应过把它给我的。 Anna managed to overcome all the difficulties.安娜设法克服了所有困难。 He decided to attend the party this weekend.他决定这个周末去参加聚会。 The little boy wishes to be a doctor in the future.这个小男孩希望将来成为一名医生。 【注意】would rather/had better后接不带to的不定式作宾语。 【例】I would rather stay home.我宁愿待在家里。 You’d better hurry up.你最好快点。 2.谓语动词think, find, feel, make, suppose, believe等后常其用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语不定式后置。句型结构为：主+谓+it+宾语补足语（形容词/名词）+to do sth. 【例】She finds it difficult to learn English well. 她发现学好英语很困难。 I think it my duty to help others. 我认为帮助他人是我的责任。 （四）作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾语补足语用来表达宾语所发出的动作，句型结构为：主+谓+宾+to do sth. 1.某些及物动词的宾语后常接动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成复合宾语，以获取完整意义。该类及物动词有：ask, help, allow, want, think, like, hate, wish, warn, tell, get, force, expect, advise, expect, cause, persuade, prefer, teach, invite, prepare, permit, encourage等。 【例】The doctor advises him to give up smoking.医生建议他戒烟。 My brother teaches me to swim.哥哥教我游泳。 She told me to keep the secret.她叫我保密。 The teacher did not allow us to talk in class.老师不许我们上课说话。 Please ask Tom to turn down the radio.请让Tom调低收音机的音量。 The teacher advised us to have a discussion after reading.老师建议我们阅读完后讨论。 2.使役动词和感官动词接不定式作宾补时，常接省略to的不定式，但是这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to。这些使役动词和感官动词有：一感（feel），二听（hear, listen），三让（let, make, have），四看（see, watch, look, notice）。另外，help后充当宾语补足语的不定式可带to，也可不带to。 【例】I heard him sing a song in the next room.我听见他在隔壁唱了一首歌。 The teacher let him recite the poem.老师让他背诵这首诗。 He was made to work late by his boss.他的老板让他工作很晚。 I often have my little brother sweep the floor.我常叫我弟弟扫地。 He can always make me laugh.他总能让我笑。 She heard someone come near to her.她听见有人向她走近。 He helped me（to）find the book.他帮我找到了书。 Can you help me（to）move the desk？你能帮我搬一下桌子吗？ 3.在think, consider, believe, discover, know, feel, find等表示心理状态的动词后面常接“to be+形容词”结构作宾语补足语，其中to be常省略。 【例】We thought her（to be）a clever girl.我们以为她是一个聪明的女孩。 I find the family（to be）happy and cheerful.我发现这一家人是幸福快乐的。 （五）作定语 1.动词不定式作定语须放在被修饰的名词（短语）或代词之后，常用来表示将来的动作，与所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。若被修饰的名词前有序数词或被修饰名词是序数词，则通常用不定式作后置定语。 【例】I have something to do this afternoon.今天下午我有事情要做。 He was the first student to get to the top of the hill.他是第一个到达山顶的学生。 I have something to say.我有话要说。 2.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，且又与其前面的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，此时不定式之后要加上相应的介词。 【例】I need a pen to write with.我需要一支写字的笔。 He is looking for a room to live in.他正在寻找一间能住的房间。 Please give me a knife to cut with.请给我一把用来切东西的刀。 （六）作状语 1.表示目的。常用“to+动词原形”或“in order to/so as to+动词原形”来表示，可于句首或句中（但so as to一般不能置于句首）。 【例】She reads English newspapers every day in order to/so as to improve her English. 她每天读英语报纸是为了提高她的英语。 In order to make much money, John worked hard day and night. 为了赚很多钱，John夜以继日地工作。 2.表示结果。动词不定式作结果状语常放在句尾，逻辑主语常为全句的主语。 （1）不定式作结果状语时常表示意料之外的结果，常用于only to+动词原形的结构中。 【例】He hurried to the station, only to see that the train had left. 他匆忙到了车站，结果发现火车已经离开了。 He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他举起石头，结果砸了自己的脚。 （2）在带有enough或too的句子中，常用不定式作状语（构成“enough... to do”“too... to do”结构），表示程度。 【例】The child is old enough to go to school.这个小孩足够大可以上学了。 The boy was too young to join the army.这个男孩太小了而不能参军。 3.表示原因。某些表示喜怒哀乐等心理状态的形容词或过去分词作表语时，可在其后加不定式表示原因，用于说明产生这种情绪的原因或谓语所表示的情况等。用于这种结构中的形容词或过去分词常见的有：happy, lucky, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased, ready, eager等。 【例】I’m glad to see you again.再次见到你我很高兴。 We were excited to hear the news.听到这个消息我们很兴奋。 4.有些不定式属于固定搭配，可用作独立成分，放在句首，其后用逗号隔开。常见的这类不定式有：to tell the truth（说实话）, to begin with（首先）, to make the mater worse（更糟的是）, to be frank with you（坦白说）等。 【例】To be honest, I have no money.老实讲，我没钱。 To make things worse, it began to rain.更糟的是，天开始下雨。 （七）不定式的省略 1.作简单回答或不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to后面的动词，只保留to。 【例】--Would you like to come to my party? 你愿意参加我的晚会吗？ --Yes, I’d love to(come to your party). 是的，我愿意（参加你的晚会）。 Mary wanted to use my car, but I asked her not to(use my car). 玛丽想用我的车，但我不让她用（我的车）。 2.不定式短语“to be...”的形式省略到“to be”，be不能省略。 【例】--Are you a volunteer? 你是一名志愿者吗？ --No, but I want to be(a volunteer). 不是，但我想成为（一名志愿者）。 3.动词不定式也可以用在except, but, besides等表示“除了······”的介词后面作宾语。如果这些介词前有动词do的某种形式则省去不定式符号to，如果没有，则保留to。 【例】She did nothing but wash some clothes that day.那天除了洗了一些衣服她什么也没做。 We had no choice except to walk home. 除了步行回家我们别无选择。 （八）“特殊疑问词+to do sth.”结构 “特殊疑问词+to do sth.”结构在句子里可充当主语、宾语、表语，相当于对应的从句。 1.“疑问词+不定式”作主语。 【例】How to save the child is the most important. 怎样救那个孩子是最重要的。 2.及物动词ask, advise, decide, know, learn, teach, tell等词之后可接“疑问词+不定式”构成的不定式短语作宾语。 【例】Do you know what to do next? 你知道下一步做什么吗？ Can you tell me how to get to the National Library? 你能告诉我怎样到达国家图书馆吗？ I haven’t decided which one to choose. 我还没有决定选择哪一个。 3.“疑问词+不定式”作表语。 【例】The problem is when to set out.问题是什么时候出发。 【注意】不定式的被动语态 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式（to be+过去分词或to have been+过去分词）。 【例】The building to be built there is our labs.（逻辑主语：The building） 那边将要建的那栋楼是我们的实验室。 She felt a bit puzzled to be asked such a question.（逻辑主语：She） 被问了这样一个问题，她感到有点儿迷惑不解。 第二节 动名词 动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成。及物动词的动名词可以带宾语，也可以被状语修饰。不及物动词的动名词不可以直接带宾语，但可以被状语修饰；若要带宾语，则应加上相应的介词。带有宾语或状语的动名词称为动名词短语，如reading a book slowly。动名词的否定式是在动名词前加not。 动名词和现在分词同形，但动名词具有名词的绝大部分特征，主要起名词的作用。 形式 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 一、动名词的式和态 （一）动名词的一般式和完成式 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或在其后发生；动名词的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 【例】I approve of his taking part in the project.（taking part in发生在approve of之后） 我同意他参加这项工程。 He never tells me about his having been to Paris.（ having been to发生在tells之前） 他从未告诉我他去过巴黎。 （二）动名词的被动语态 当动名词的逻辑主语（可以依据句子的主语，或者修饰动名词的形容词性物主代词、代词宾格、名词或名词所有格判断）是动名词所表示动作的承受者时，动名词一般要用被动式（“being+过去分词”或“having been+过去分词”）。 【例】After being interviewed,you will know the result.（动词的一般被动式） 面试后，你会知道结果。 I heard of his having been chosen as coach of the team.（动名词的完成被动式） 我听说他被选为该队的教练了。 二、动名词的句法功能 （一）作主语 1.动名词作主语表示抽象或习惯性的动作，当作第三人称单数处理。 【例】Walking is good for our health.走路对我们的健康有好处。 Reading aloud in the reading room is a bad habit.在阅览室大声读书是一种坏习惯。 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 Your coming here is really a surprise.你的到来真是一个惊喜。 2.有些形容词或名词充当表语时，常需用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置。此类形容词或名词有：no use, no good, fun, funny, worth, tiring, a waste of time等。 【例】It’s no use talking with him about it.和他谈这件事是没有用的。 It’s a waste of time surfing the Internet all day.整天上网是浪费时间。 It’s worth reading a lot.大量阅读是值得的。 3.一些由“No+doing”表禁止的否定祈使句。 【例】No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ （二）作表语 动名词作表语是表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。 【例】Blacks job is receiving newspapers. Black的工作是收报纸。 My hobby is playing chess. 我的爱好是下象棋。 Her job here is washing the dishes. 她在这儿的工作就是洗盘子。 The best way is staying at home. 最好的办法就是待在家里。 That is asking for trouble. 那是自找麻烦。 Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗衣服、打扫卫生和照顾孩子。 （三）作定语 动名词作定语时，置于被修饰名词之前，表示被修饰名词的用途或者性能。 a sleeping pill一片安眠药 a hiding place一个藏身的地方 a dressing room一间更衣室 building materials建筑材料 drinking water饮用水 a reading room一间阅览室 a waiting room候车室 a dining hall餐厅 reading material阅读材料 【例】It is very convenient to use a washing machine. 用洗衣机很方便。 You are so brave to jump down from the diving board. 从跳台上跳下来，你真勇敢。 Sean bought a walking stick for his grandfather. 肖恩给爷爷买了一根拐杖。 A washing machine can help you save a lot of time and energy. 洗衣机可以帮助你节省很多时间和精力。 （四）作动词宾语 一些动词、动词词组和“be+形容词”的结构后面常跟动名词作宾语 （1）以下及物动词和动词短语常用动名词（短语）作宾语，而不能用不定式（短语）作宾语，如admit, advise, advocate（提倡）, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice/practise, prevent, quit, recall, resent（愤恨）, resist, risk, suggest, tolerate, can’t help（禁不住）等。 【例】People enjoy working with him because he is very humorous. 人们喜欢和他共事，因为他很幽默。 （2）既可用动名词（短语）又可用不定式（短语）作宾语的动词（短语）：bear（忍受）, begin, forget, hate, intend, like, love, mean, need, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start, stop, try, go on等。 【例】We mean to travel by air tomorrow. 我们打算明天乘飞机去旅行。 （3）动名词（短语）可以作介词的宾语，常用在某些短语后面。这类短语主要有：succeed in, insist on, feel like, apologize for, give up, keep on, put off, attach importance to, be accustomed to, devote to, confess to, in addition to, lead to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, be opposed to, stick to, take to, the approach/ solution/ key to等。 【例】She apologizes for breaking the new vase. 她为打碎了那个新花瓶而道歉。 （4）在下列结构中应使用动名词（短语）作宾语：have(no) difficulty/(no) trouble/fun/pleasure/a hard time/a good time(in) doing sth., spend some time(in) doing sth., when it comes to doing sth.等。 【例】They had a hard time walking out of the grassland. 他们艰难地走出了草地。 （五）作介词宾语 1.动词+介词+doing succeed in doing worry about doing think about doing admit to doing give up doing agree on doing believe in doing apologize for doing dream of doing object to doing insist on doing persist in doing stick to doing turn to doing think of doing 【例】He succeeded in getting a place at art school. 他被美术学校录取了。 2.动词+名词/代词+介词+doing thank sb. for doing waste... in doing congratulate sb. on doing devote oneself to doing excuse sb. for doing forgive sb. for doing pay attention to doing prevent sb. from doing keep sb. from doing 【例】Li Ming excused his friends for not being able to attend the party yesterday. 李明原谅了他的朋友们昨天没能参加聚会。 Professor Lee devoted himself to teaching. 李教授全身心投入教育事业。 3.可以省略介词，后面直接跟动名词作宾语 spend...（in）doing prevent...（from）doing stop...（from）doing have difficulty/trouble/problem（in）doing waste...（in）doing 【例】She spent her spare time（in）shopping.她把她的空闲时间花在了购物上。 4.名词+介词+doing habit of doing advice about/on doing difficulty in doing delay in doing experience in/of doing apology for doing importance of doing excuse for doing hope of doing possibility of doing interest in doing method of doing success in doing idea of doing skill in doing 【例】I have no habit of planning ahead. 我没有提前计划的习惯。 Most people in the club are interested in skating. 俱乐部的大多数人都喜欢溜冰。 5.be+形容词/过去分词+介词+doing be good at doing be good for doing be busy in doing be afraid of doing be aware of doing be angry about doing be bad at doing be bad for doing be proud of doing be confident of doing be fond of doing be experienced in doing be expert in doing be fearful of doing be poor in doing be hopeful of doing be interested in doing be suitable for doing be responsible for doing be successful in doing be diffident of doing be tired of doing be used to doing be unaware of doing 【注意】动名词的被动语态 当动名词的逻辑主语（可以依据修饰动名词的物主代词或名词的所有格判断）是动名词动作的承受对象时，动名词一般要用被动形式（being+过去分词或having been+过去分词）。 【例】Respecting others means being respected in life. 在生活中尊重他人就是尊重自己。 After having been interviewed, she was offered the job. 面试后，她得到了那份工作。 【补充】动名词的复合结构 1.动名词的复合结构基本形式。 基本形式 例句 名词所有格+动名词，通常指有生命的名词或名词短语 John’s winning of the competition made many people happy. 约翰在比赛中获胜使许多人感到高兴。 名词普通格+动名词 当动名词的逻辑主语有其他词修饰时，用普通格 Jack was pleased by Carlos, his oldest son, making the Deans List for the first time.杰克对他的大儿子卡洛斯第一次进入院长名单感到高兴。 当动名词的逻辑主语是复数的、集体的或无生命的名词时，通常用普通格 Professor Villa was amazed by her students’ working hard. 维拉教授对她的学生们的努力工作感到惊奇。 当动名词的逻辑主语是一个词组时，用普通格 We have an objection to Mary and Jane going there on such a windy day. 我们反对玛丽和简在这样大风的天气里到那里去。 物主代词+动名词，表示动名词的逻辑主语的某个行为动作 I can’t stand his singing in the shower.我受不了他在淋浴时唱歌。 宾格代词+动名词，表示带有某个行为动作的逻辑主语 I noticed you standing in the alley last night. 昨晚我注意到了站在巷子里的你。 2.动名词的复合结构的否定式、被动式和完成式。 动名词复合结构的否定式是在动名词前面加not等否定词；动名词与其逻辑主语之间构成被动关系时，动名词用被动式；动名词表示的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前时，动名词用完成式。 【例】Mary’s not passing the exam made her mother very angry. 玛丽考试不及格使她妈妈非常生气。 She didn’t mind her books being used by other students. 她并不介意她的书被别的学生使用。 His not having completed the task so long made us surprised. 他这么长时间没完成任务使我们吃惊。 第三节 分词 分词有两种：现在分词（即-ing分词）和过去分词（即-ed分词）。 ①现在分词由“动词原形+-ing”构成及物动词的现在分词可以带宾语，也可以带状语。不及物动词的现在分词不可以直接带宾语，但可以被状语修饰；若要带宾语，则应加上相应的介词。带有宾语或状语的现在分词称为现在分词短语，如telling a story slowly。现在分词的否定式是在现在分词前加not。 ②规则动词的过去分词与过去式同形，由“动词原形+-ed”构成。不规则动词的过去分词的构成因词而异。过去分词可以带状语，带有状语的过去分词称为过去分词短语。 现在分词和过去分词的主要区别是：现在分词常表示主动、进行的意义，且有不同的形式和语态；过去分词常表示被动、完成的意义，既没有形式的变化，也没有语态的变化。 一、分词的式和态 （一）现在分词的一般式和完成式 现在分词的一般式表示该动作正在发生，或与谓语动词所表示的动作（几乎）同时发生；现在分词的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 【例】Walking in the street the other day, I came across an old friend.（Walking与came across同时发生） 前几天在街上散步的时候，我偶然碰见了一位老朋友。 Having finished his speech, he answered our questions.（Having finished发生在answered之前） 演讲完之后，他回答了我们的问题。 （二）现在分词的被动语态 1.现在分词的一般被动式 现在分词的一般被动式不仅表示被动，而且表示这个动作正在发生，或者这个动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。 【例】The new product being tested will be put into production soon. 这个正在被试验的新产品很快将被投入生产。 The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。 2.现在分词的完成被动式 现在分词的完成被动式不仅表示被动，而且表示这个动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生。 【例】Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work. 因为堵车，他上班迟到了。 Having been told many times, she still couldn’t understand it. 尽管告诉了她很多次，她仍然不明白。 二、分词的句法功能 分词的作用相当于形容词和副词，在句中可作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语等成分。 （一）定语 单一的分词作定语经常放在所修饰词之前，如果被修饰的词是不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing等，则分词应放在这些词之后。分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词的后面，相当于定语从句的作用。 【例】This was a worrying problem. 这是一个令人担忧的问题。 Is there anything exciting for tonight? 今晚有什么令人激动的事吗？ The broken cup is put on the table. 打破的茶杯被放在桌子上。 This is a book written by a famous American writer. 这本书由一位美国著名作家所写。 The sleeping baby is so cute. 熟睡的小婴儿真可爱。 It was really an interesting film. 这真是一部有趣的电影。 The excited fans surrounded the singer. 兴奋的粉丝们围住了那个歌手。 I was very lucky to find the lost key. 我很幸运地找回了丢失的钥匙。 There is nothing interesting here. 这儿没什么好玩的。 This is the information given. 这是给出的信息。 He is one of the few volunteers left. 他是留下来的极少数志愿者中的一位。 The girl coming towards me is Lisa. 朝我走来的女孩是丽莎。 Tell the children playing by the river to look out for their safety. 让在河边玩耍的孩子注意安全。 The chocolate advertise shown on TV is very funny. 电视上的巧克力广告很有趣。 The shoes produced by that factory are of good quality. 那家工厂生产的鞋子质量很好。 ►易混辨析--不定式作定语和分词作定语的区别： 一般而言，不定式表示将来的动作；现在分词表示正在进行的动作；过去分词表示完成的动作。非谓语动词所表示的动作在发生时间上的差异是区分不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的关键。 【例】The bridge to be built next year will play an important part in this area’s traffic. 明年建成的那座桥将对这个地区的交通发挥重要的作用。 The bridge being built will play an important part in this area’s traffic. 正在建设中的那座桥将对这个地区的交通发挥重要的作用。 The bridge built last year plays an important part in this area’s traffic. 去年建成的那座桥对这个地区的交通发挥着重要的作用。 （二）表语 现在分词作表语时，往往表示一种状态，或者表示主语的性质或特征，主语一般是物；过去分词作表语时，往往表示主语的状态或状况，主语一般是人。 【例】The news is very disappointing. 这个消息令人非常失望。 Local residents were very disappointed with the decision. 当地的居民对这个决策很失望。 （三）状语 分词作状语可表示时间、条件、原因、结果、伴随、方式状语现在分词作状语与句中主语为逻辑上主动的主谓关系，而过去分词作状语一般与句中主语存在动宾关系、先于谓语动词发生。分词作状语可改为相对应的状语从句。 1.分词作时间状语。 【例】Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. 听到这个消息，他们都高兴得跳了起来。 Having finished his speech, he answered our questions. 结束演讲以后，他回答了我们的问题。 Asked why he was late, his face went red. 问他为什么迟到，他的脸红了。 When completed, the museum will be open to the public. 当图书馆竣工的时候就会向公众开放。 2.分词作原因状语。 【例】Not knowing the way, he stopped to ask an old man. 由于不识路，他停下来问一位老人。 Not having received any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了个电话。 Missing him so much, I gave him a call. 因为太想他了，我给他打了一个电话。 Greatly encouraged by her words, I decided to try it again. 她的话大大地鼓舞了我，所以我决定再试一遍。 3.分词作结果状语。 【例】The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage. 大火持续了整晚，造成了巨大的破坏。 Her husband died, leaving her alone. 她丈夫去世了，留下她孤单一人。 4.分词作条件状语。 【例】Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 从山顶上看，这个公园看起来更加美丽。 Working hard, you will make progress. 如果努力工作，你会取得进步。 Following me, you won’t get lost. 跟着我你就不会迷路。 Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。 5.分词作伴随状语。 【例】He sat on the sofa, watching.TV. 他坐在沙发上看电视。 An old man entered, supported by a girl. 一位老人在一个女孩的扶下走了进来。 All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。 Seated on the grass, we had a heart to heart talk. 我们坐在草地上谈心。 （四）宾语补足语 分词可用于复合宾语中作宾语补足语，主要用于以下两种动词（短语）之后。 1.感官动词（短语）：see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, smell, listen to, look at等 【例】The parents can hear their daughter playing the piano. 那对父母能听到他们的女儿正在弹钢琴。 He was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home. 看到他的母亲在家中受到了良好的照顾，他很高兴。 2.一些表示“使”“致使”等意义的动词：get, have, keep, leave, make, let等。 【例】I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 很抱歉让你等了这么久。 Many youngsters have their hair dyed. 许多年轻人把头发染色了。 ►知识巩固 一、单项选择 1.I feel it an honor_____________to make a speech here. A.to invite B.to be invited C.inviting D.having invited 2.They were seen______the teaching building for the whole day. A.to clean B.cleaning C.clean D.to cleaning 3.The weather is fine, so he suggests__________for a walk. A.to go B.going C.go D.to going 4.______the composition, John handed it to the teacher immediately. A.Writing B.Having written C.Written D.Being written 5.I’m afraid that I can’t make myself______because of my poor English. A.understand B.understanding C.to understand D.understood 6.______ into many languages, Harry Potter is popular with children and adults alike all over the world. A. Having been translated B. Having translated C. To be translated D. Being translated 7.With the exam _______ in ten minutes, they were asked to hand in their mobile phones. A. taking place B. to be taken place C. taken place D. to take place 8.You can’t imagine the trouble I had _________ your home in the snowstorm. A. find B. to find C. found D. finding 9.She pretended ________ to the manager, but actually she was thinking about something else. A. to listen B. to have listened C. to be listening D. to be listened 10.Tom has worked hard recently and is looking forward to ____ off the debt as soon as possible . A. pay B. paying C. to pay D. paid 11.Mr Smith is too busy___________ your telephone. Please wait a moment. A. answering B. answer C. answered D. to answer 12.Can you imagine ________ the work all by hand? A. doing B. to do C. did D. do 13.Rather than ________ a bus to her workplace, Susan prefers ________ a taxi. A. to take, take B. take; taking C. take; to take D. to take; to take 14.Reading books is a good way ________ the world. A. know B. knows C. to know D. knowing 15.Stop __________ about the traffic. Just think about what we can do to improve it. A. complain B. to complain C. complaining D. complained 16.If you are in need of anything, don’t hesitate ________ me know it. A. letting B. to let C. lets D. having let 17.Hong Kong Disneyland is well worth ________. I look forward to going there. A. to visit B. visited C. visit D. visiting 二、语法填空 1.Besides ________(do) all my schoolwork, I chat with my friends, watch films and read the daily news and other interesting articles. 2.It’s polite for you to make an effort ________(talk) to others in a new place. 3.________(locate) in the centre of Sichuan province, Chengdu is actually a basin. 4.Well ________(educate), the pianist is capable of playing various songs on the piano. 5.________ (compare) with you, I have a long way to go. 6.I have the ability _______(take) charge of the paper­cutting exhibition to be held next Sunday. 7.It is clear that these children are eager ________(learn) more from you. 8.Food delivery service workers are pressured because of ________(compete) hard for business. 9.When I came into the classroom, I found her________(cry) sadly at her desk. 10.He allowed me________(stay) and watch. 11.Can you think of some ways________(reduce) pressure? 12.Banks actively encourage people________(borrow) money. 13.When________(teach) English, whether to children or adults, you have to be very creative to keep their interest. 14.The park was full of people,________(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine. 15.He was impatient and kept________(tap) his fingers on the table while the boss was talking. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$