动词不定式 导学案-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语语法讲解及练习——不定式 第一部分知识透析 第一节 不定式的基本形式 主动 被动 1. —般式 （not) to do (not) to be done (不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在其后发生） He appears to be very happy. To catch the train, we’d better hurry to the station by taxi. There are the books to be given out to the students. I promised not to wake him up. 2. 进行式 （not) to be doing / (不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，且正在进行） It happened to be raining when I got there. He pretended to be reading when I asked him for help. 3. 完成式 （not) to have done (not) to have been done (不定式的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生） I’m sorry to have lost your key. The rich man claims to have helped other disabled children in the past few years. He is said to have studied abroad. The novel is said to have been translated into many languages. He politely pretended not to have heard this remark. 第二节 不定式的用法 1. 不定式作主语/表语 不定式作主语/表语表示特指的具体某一次的事情 To accept the job would mean moving to Florida. To act like that is childish. To solve the problem is my duty. The doctor’s duty is to save lives. Ben’s intention was to win the game. 不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语 It is+adj. + (of/for sb. )+to do sth. It is+n. + (of/for sb.)+to do sth. It is sensible of you to give up smoking. It is a good idea to build a new transportation center. 2. 不定式作宾语 1)—些动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语，如： afford expect fight manage prepare seem agree claim guarantee choose pretend strive aim decide happen offer promise swear appear demand hesitate volunteer prove tend attempt fail hope seek refuse threaten arrange desire determine intend long plan Alex has decided to apply for the position. Richard offered to give us a life. All of the witnesses chose to remain silent. We managed to finish the work on time despite great difficulties. 2) 介词but/except之后跟不定式的情况 如果介词but/except前没有do的适当形式，那么它后面接to do 如果介词but/except前有do的适当形式，那么它后面接do(省to的不定式） He desired nothing but to succeed. I can do nothing but accept the fact. She had no choice but to sit in the corner of the room. Last night they did nothing but repair their farm tools. 3. 不定式作补语 1) 基本形式:v. +sb. /sth. +to do They have invited us to attend the opening ceremony. My boss asked me to type these documents. We believe him to be reliable. The accused declared himself to be innocent. Don’t force her to go with us. My classmate persuaded me to have another try. 2) 省 to的情况：v+sb./sth.+do feel, hear, listen to, make，let, have, see, watch, notice，observe, look at 等动词后面跟省to的不定式作补语 I saw the thief steal the man’s wallet and run away. I didn’t hear Robert say that. We feel the house shake. Mum made me clean the sitting room. We can’t let this go on. He won’t have us criticize his work. 注意： 1) 在省to的情况中，当动词用于被动语态时,省略的to要还原 The thief was seen to steal the man’s wallet and run away. I was made to clean the sitting room. 2) 区别感官动词后跟sb./sth. do和sb./sth. doing 后跟sb./sth. do： 全过程 后跟 sb./sth. doing：正在…… I saw the thief steal the man’s wallet and run away this morning. I saw many old people doing exercise on my way to school this morning. 4. 不定式作定语 1) 不定式可以作定语,修饰名词或代词 She’s finally made a decision to leave. The poor usually need food to eat. It’s time to leave for the airport. This is the best to solve our problems. You have no right to stop me from entering the building. 2) 不定式与所修饰的对象构成动宾关系, 若不定式后跟的动词是不及物动词, 则需要加上适当的介词 You have several models to choose from. I am looking for a pen to write with. 3) the only, 序数词 the first, the second, 顺序词 the last, the next,形容词最高级修饰的名词后用不定式作定语 The youngest person to enter the program is just fourteen. He was always the last one to leave the office. 5. 不定式作状语 表目的：to do, in order to do. so as to do, just to do... I came here to see you. He will go to the clinic tomorrow to be examined by the doctor. Simon opened the window so as to get some fresh air. My father got up early in order to have enough time to pack. The fans waited outside the stadium for 3 hours, just to have a look at their favorite stars. 表结果：to do, so... as to do, such... as to do, enough to do, too... to do, only to do In 1970 he left home never to return. To make matters worse, he lost his job. His work was so good as to make him famous in his hometown. His indifference was such as to make all of us despair. Susan is old enough to travel alone. This coffee is too hot to drink. The fans hurried to the airport, only to find their favorite stars had already left. 表原因:不定式表原因时通常与表示喜怒哀乐、运气好坏的形容词或动词连用。如： I am delighted to know that you have got a new job. He was lucky to get promoted. She wept to see him in such a terrible state. 第三节 其地省to的不定式 1. would rather do A than do B prefer to do A rather than do B rather than do= instead of doing He would rather die than beg. She would rather listen to others than talk herself. Prof. Smith prefers to go back to his work rather than stay in hospital. Rather than cause trouble, he left. I decided to send him an email rather than call him. 2. can't (help) but do She could not help but weep at the sad news. They can’t but help feel sorry for him. You can’t but respect these soldiers. 3. Why/Why not do... ? Why argue with him? Why not go to a movie tonight? Why not celebrate your birthday with your friends? Why not give Mary some flowers? 第四节 不定式的主被动 1. 不定式与所修饰词有逻辑上的主谓关系，则用主动形式 Have you got a key to unlock the door? There is a new book on the subject to appear this year. 2. 不定式与所修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系，且主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，则用主动形式 I have got a letter to write. Louis has a large family to support. There is a quarter of an hour to kill. There is really nothing to fear. Mary needs a friend to chat with. We have got some cases to investigate. ‘ 3. 不定式与所修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系，但不与主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,则用被动形式 He is reading the report to be published tomorrow. The employees are worried about the decision to be announced. Alex is looking forward to the film to be released next week. 4. 在推写属性的形容词后，不定式用主动形式 Such matches are boring to watch. The coffee is bitter to taste. The grass is smooth to walk on. The handwriting is very difficult to read. The place is exciting to visit. The book is interesting to read. 第五节 不定式作独立成分 坦白地说 to be frank/honest 确切地说 to be exact 长话短说 to make a long story short 首先 to begin with 不用说 needless to say To be frank, I am not in favor of your suggestion. Needless to say, he is the best candidate for this position. 第二部分专项练习 一、以动词的适当形式填空 1. You had better get a doctor __________ (pull) out your bad tooth. 2. Did you notice Mary __________ (come) to her bedroom? 3. I wanted to have him __________ (do) the job, but he had it done instead. 4. It’s dangerous to let the children who are so young __________ (go) swimming in the river. 5. I’m afraid your suggestion can’t help __________ (improve) the service of their shop. 6. The enemy had no way out but __________ (surrender). 7. The matter had better __________ (leave) as it is. 8. The telephone is out of order and needs __________ (repair). 9. An old man entered the inn and asked for accommodation __________ (make) for him. 10. We entered the supermarket __________ (find) a shelter from a sudden rain. 11. Helen is always the first __________ (come) to the office. 12. These candles may be attractive __________ (look at), but they were not made to our current safety standard. 13. In fact, I would rather leave for Beijing than __________ (stay) in Shanghai. 14. William Shakespeare is generally believed __________ (write) all those plays himself. 15. With the meeting __________ (begin) in just a couple of hours, I hadn’t the time to worry about those unimportant things. 16. We are invited to a party __________ (hold) in our club next Friday. 17. __________ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. 18. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle __________ (hear). 19. This machine is very easy __________ (operate). Anyone can learn to use it in a few minutes. 20. Qatar will be the first country in the Middle East __________ (host) the World Cup. 21. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything __________ (buy)? 22. Edison was the first scientist __________ (build) a modern research and development centre. 23. The mother felt herself __________ (grow) cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. 24. The airport __________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 25. The engine just won’t start. Something seems __________ (go) wrong with it. 26. Simon made a big bamboo box __________ (keep) the little sick bird till it could fly. 27. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs __________ (do) to achieve the final success. 28. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when you’d better __________ (remain) silent. 29. With the world changing fast, we have something new __________(deal) with all by ourselves every day. 30. She reached the top of the hill and stopped __________ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path. 31. Paul doesn’t have to be made __________ (learn). He always works hard. 32. It remains __________ (see) whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals. 33. A number of art works are believed __________ (steal) during World War II. 34. I have heard both teachers and students __________ (speak) well of him 35. Police are urging anyone who saw the accident __________ (contact) them immediately. 36. I regret __________ (tell) you that your school team has lost the game. 37. I don’t want __________ (sound) like Tm speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. 38. Charles Babbage is generally considered __________ (invent) the first computer. 39. If he takes on this work, he can do nothing but __________ (meet) an even greater challenge. 40. There is no need __________ (go) out. You can book the tickets online. 41. It remains __________ (see) whether this kind of sports shoes will be popular among teenagers. 42. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but __________ (meet) an even greater challenge. 43. Students are permitted __________ (carry) only those writing materials they need for the exam. 44. I don’t want __________ (sound) as if I am selfish, but their plan is unreasonable indeed. 45. Go on __________(do) the other exercise after you have finished this one. 46. I regret __________ (tell) you that you are not qualified for this position. 47. My parents have always made me __________ (feel) well about myself, even when I was twelve. 48. I got to the station early that day __________ (catch) the 7:30 train from Paddington. 49. The play to be produced next month aims mainly __________ (reflect) the local culture. 50. Bell is generally considered __________ (invent) the first telephone in the world. 二、翻译 1. 园丁告诉他这种树是很难被移植的。(transplant) 2. 在美国和加拿大，用餐后不付小费是很失礼的事。(it作形式主语) 3. 说实话.我发现有时候很难满足所有顾客的要求。(meet) 4. 所有商店被要求禁止向18岁以下的人出售香烟。(require) 5. 将采取更实际的措施来阻止这种疾病的漫延。(prevent) 6. 他似乎是这个职位的最佳人选，我们没有理由将他拒门外。(seem) 7. 我们只有一个可以生存的地球，浪费任何土地资源都承受不起。(afford) 8. 年轻人必须与时俱进,这样才不至于落后。(pace) 9. 人们是否会延迟退休还有待进一步讨论。(remain) 10. 事与愿违，因为资金短缺，他们只好放弃开发那个新的软件。(can’t...but) 11. 在学习中，你绝不能不懂装懂，要主动向同学和老师请教。(hesitate) 12. 当时, 那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。(choice) 13. 老师经常督促我们充分利用时间多学点东西。(urge) 14. 莫言是中国第一个获得诺贝尔文学家的作家。(award) 15. 他在技巧和经验上都与我旗鼓相当，谁都有可能夺冠。(likely) 16. 要跟上英语的发展，最好的方式就是和说英语的人保持交流。(way) 17. 有些人认为花费大量金钱和资源去探索太空是错误的。（explore) 18. 我六岁的女儿匆忙赶到学校，结果却得知春游因大雨而取消了。（tell) 19. 除了改善公共交通之外，拓宽道路也是缓解交通压力的有效方法。（relieve) 20. 在过去的二十年里，中国发生了巨大的变化，但在教育领域还有很多方面有待改进。 (remain) 提高练习 一、以动词的适当形式填空 1. While many young kids are keen on watching cartoons, little Jack prefers __________ (collect) coins. 2. Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made __________ (cry) by his little sister. 3. Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman scientist __________ (award) the Nobel Prize. 4. Medical teams are reported __________ (send) to isolated villages to help people fight against the cold snap in Europe. 5. My hobby is __________ (play) tennis，and I aim __________ (win) the first place in the match. 6. The thief was seen __________ (break) into the house’ and the people called the police. 7. The lazy boy did nothing but __________ (play) video games all day yesterday. 8. It was his encouragement that let me __________ (make) up my mind to pursue my dream. 9. Frankly speaking, I would rather __________ (give) up the job than __________ (do) something illegal. 10. Her husband and she are now at work on a new dictionary __________ (publish) next year. 11. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but __________ (meet) an even greater challenge. 12. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role __________ (play) in making the earth a better place to live. 13. __________ (improve) the employees’ working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break. 14. Don’t worry, I will have my secretary __________ (send) you the materials you need as soon as possible. 15. The plan __________ (accomplish) by 2019 will expand city’s telephone network to cover as many users as possible. 16. Medical teams are reported __________ (send) to isolated villages to help people fight against the cold snap in Europe. 17. He was the first __________ (arrive) at the end of the line. 18. The boss forbids his employees __________ (use) mobile phones during working hours. 19. That is the only way we can imagine __________ (reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. 20. __________ (accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents. 21. The naughty boy does nothing but __________ (wander) about every day. 22. It was what he did in class that made his parents __________ (become) angry. 23. Energy drinks are not allowed __________ (make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. 24. He felt someone __________ (pat) his back but when he turned back, he saw no one. 25. The flu is believed __________ (cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human rose and throat. 26. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered __________ (issue) clear warnings before firing any shots. 27. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need __________ (improve). 28. During out stay in the summer camp, she was often heard __________ (sing) with her twin sister. 29. Don’t try to tell lies to your class teacher about that. He seems __________ (tell) everything. 30. For centuries, people from all over the world have claimed __________ (see) strange sights：lights in the sky, flying objects and even creatures from other planets. 31. Someone took away my umbrella. I’d never expect it (return). 32. There are so many things in my bag that it took me quite some time (find) the key. 33. He was shut in the room, so he had no choice but (sleep). 34. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good (breathe). 35. With the work (finish) in just a few hours, I had no time to argue with them. 36. Emily had the florist (deliver) the flowers directly to the church where the wedding would be held. 37. This kind of laptops is easy (operate). No wonder it is popular among middle-aged users. 38. Having lost his job, he has no choice but (return) to his hometown. 39. Now that he doesn’t feel like (join) our club, we’d better recommend him (try) another one. 40. Hearing the news that one of his best friends had passed away, he couldn’t help but (feel) sad. 41. Whether the board will be in favor of our proposal remains (see). 42. The rich man claims (help) those poor children over the last few months. 43. They won’t let the man who is dishonest (get) involved in their project. 44. Although his dorm mates are very friendly to him, he still couldn’t help but (miss) his family. 45. (ensure) the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly. 46. Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced (leave) their homes. 47. Tony had his secretary (type) the documents for him before starting the meeting. 48. The plan (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow will have a great impact on our community. 49. In his attempt (climb) the mountain, John fell and injured his backbone, which cost him the use of his legs. 50. Sandy could do nothing but (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. 二、翻译 1. 看到这些举世闻名的杰作，来自国内外的游客都不禁感叹。（can’t help but) 2.这位老人是否能通过驾驶考试还要拭目以待。（remain) 3.随着经济的发展，越来越多的中国人能够出国旅行了。（As，afford) 4. 相当多缓解交通堵塞的方法已被广泛应用。（widely) 5. 让孩子从小接触电脑不见得是件好事。（necessarily) 6.得知他心情不好，我建议他与朋友聊聊天，以去除烦恼。（suggest) 7. 失去了获得奖学金的机会，他只能做兼职来赚取学费。（nothing) 8 .这项新发布的政策旨在解决共享单车所造成的问题。（intend) 9. 我认为在做出最终决定前，我们有必要和父母讨论一下这个问题。（it) 10. 面对突如其来的大雨，没有带伞的人们别无选择，只能躲在小店的屋檐下。（shelter) 11. 坦白说，眼下最重要的是尽快找到事故的起因，而不是相互抱怨。（what) 12. 正是出国留学的经历使得他毫不费力的就适应了外企的工作环境。（adapt) 13.让她生气的是，她总是最后一个知道自己儿子决定的人。（What) 14. 让事情更糟的是，玛丽不仅被公司解雇，还在回家路上弄丢了钱包。（not only倒装) 15. 不要和汤姆开玩笑了，他的签证申请似乎被拒绝了。（seem) 16. 为了培养我独立生活的能力，我的父母常常让我尝试新鲜事物。（let) 17. 他把所有的积蓄都投入了股票市场，结果却发现自己的决定太草率了。（invest) 18. 虽然在场的孩子年纪大小不能完全理解这部音乐剧，但他们都对男主演的幽默感印象深 刻。（too...to) 19. 这个项目启动以来，已经消耗了相当多的时间和资金，但所有的任务能否按时完成还有 待进一步观察。（but) 20. 应该鼓励学生在小组讨论中自由表达自己的想法，因为只有通过交流才能取得进步。 (only倒装） 参考答案： 基础练习 1. 以动词的适当形式填空 1. to pull 2. come 3. do 4. go 5. (to) improve 6. to surrender 7. be left 8. to be repaired/ repairing 9. to be made 10. to find 11. to come 12. to look at 13. stay 14. to have written 15. to begin 16. to be held 17. To complete 18. to be heard 19. to operate 20. to host 21. to be bought 22. to build 23. grow 24. to be completed 25. to have gone 26. to keep 27. to be done/doing 28. remain 29. to deal 30. to rest 31. to learn 32. to be seen 33. to have been stolen 34. speak 35. to contact 36. to tell 37. to sound 38. to have invented 39. meet 40. to go 41. to be seen 42. to meet 43. to carry 44. to sound 45. to do 46. to tell 47. feel 48. to catch 49. to reflect 50. to have invented 二．翻译 1. The gardener told him that this kind of trees was difficult to transplant. 2. In the USA/U. S. / America and Canada，it is very impolite not lo give a tip after a meal. 3. To be honest, sometimes I find it difficult to meet all customers’ needs. 4.All the shops are required not to sell any cigarettes to the people under eighteen. 5. More practical measures will be taken to prevent this kind of disease from spreading. 6. He seems to be the right person for this position, so we have no reason to refuse him. 7. There is only one earth on which we can live, so we can’t afford to waste any land resources. 8. The young must keep pace with the times so as not to fall behind. 9. Whether people will delay retiring remains to be further discussed. 10. Contrary to their wishes, they can’t do anything but give up developing the new software for lack of fund. 11. You mustn’t pretend to know what you don’t know in study, and don’t hesitate to turn to your classmates and teachers for advice. 12. At that time, the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist for help. 13. Our teacher often urges us to make the most of our time and study more. 14. Mo Yan is the first writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in China. 15. He is equal to me in skill and experience, so either of us is likely to win the championship. 16. To keep up with the development of English, the best way is to keep communicating with those who speak English. 17. Some people think it wrong to spend a lot of money and resources exploring space. 18. My six-year-old daughter hurried to school. only to be told the spring outing was cancelled bccaused of the heavy rain. 19. In addition to/Besides improving the public transport, widening the road is another effective way to relieve traffic pressure. 20. In the last twenty years, great changes have taken place in China, but many aspects remain to be improved in education field. 提高练习 一．以动词的适当形式填空 1. to collect 2. to cry 3. to be awarded 4. to have been sent 5. playing, to win 6. to break 7. play 8. make 9.give, do 10. to be published 11. to meet 12. to play 13. To improve 14. send 15. to be accomplished 16. to have been sent 17. to arrive 18. to use 19. to reduce 20. To be accepted 21. wander 22. become 23. to be made 24. pat 25. to be caused 26. to issue 27. to be improved 28. to sing/singing 29. to have been told 30. to have seen 31. to be returned 32. to find 33. to sleep 34. to breathe 35. to be finished 36.deliver 37. to operate 38. to return 39. joining, to try 40. feel 41. to be seen 42. to have helped 43. get 44. miss 45. To ensure 46. to leave 47. type 48. to be discussed 49. to climb 50. admit 二、翻译 1. Home and overseas visitors can’t help but feel amazed when they see these world-famous masterpieces. 2. Whether this old man is able to pass the driving test still remains to be seen. 3. As the economy develops, more and more Chinese people can afford to travel abroad. 4. Quite a few measures to relieve the traffic jam have been widely used. 5. It is not necessarily good to expose children to computers at an early age. 6. Knowing that he is in a bad mood, I suggest his chatting with friends to get rid of/be free from worries. 7. Having lost the chance to win the scholarship, he could do nothing but take up part-time jobs to earn his tuition. 8. This newly-issued policy is intended to solve the problems caused by shared bicycles. 9. I think it (is) necessary for us to discuss this problem with our parents before wc make a final decision. 10. Faced with the sudden heavy rain, those who didn’t bring their umbrellas had no choice but to shelter under the roof of the small shop. 11. To be frank, what is the most important at the moment is to find out the cause of the accident as soon as possible instead of complaining of each other. 12. It was his experience of studying abroad that enabled him to adapt (himself) to the working environment in the foreign company without any difficulty. 13. What makes her angry is that she is always the last one to know her son’s decision. 14. To make things worse, not only was Mary fired by her company, she lost her purse on the way home. 15. Don’t play a trick on Tom, for his visa application seems to have been rejected. 16. To cultivate my ability to live independently, my parents usually let me try something new. 17. He invested all his savings in the stock market, only to find his decision was too careless. 18. Although the children present were too young lo understand the musical, they were all deeply impressed by the leading actor's sense of humor. 19. Since the project was launched, it has consumed a lot of time and fund, but whether all the tasks can be accomplished on lime remains to be seen. 20. Students should be encouraged to express themselves freely in the group discussion because only by communication can they make progress. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$