12.句子种类(简单句)、倒装句与主谓一致-2025年中考英语一轮复习语法基础与巩固(通用版)

12.句子种类(简单句)、倒装句与主谓一致 ( 真题回顾 ) 单项选择 1．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨）—Do you like listening to music or playing chess? —________. It makes me relaxed. A.Yes, I like listening to music B．No, I don’t like playing chess C．Listening to music 2．（2024·江苏淮安）—________ do you walk your dog every day, Bob? —For about half an hour. A．How much B．How long C．How often D．How many 3．（2024·江苏徐州）—________ do the notebooks cost? —They are five yuan each. A．How much B．How many C．How often D．How long 4．（2024·内蒙古）—Let’s go out for dinner tonight, ________? —Sorry, but I cannot make it today. A．can we B．will you C．can you D．shall we 5．（2024·西藏）— Can you cut tomatoes into thin pieces? — ________. Let me show you. A．Yes, I can B．No, I can’t C．Yes, I do D．No, I don’t 6．（2024·西藏）—This watch is cool! ________ is it? —198 yuan. A．How many B．How much C．How long D．How old 7．（2024·西藏）________ amazing magic show I saw yesterday! A．How B．What C．What an D．What a 8．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨）— ________ is your English-Chinese dictionary? —98 yuan. I bought it in Xinhua Bookstore. A．How much B．How many C．How old 9．（2024·西藏）They are good at drawing, but ________ painting is the best? A．whose B．whom C．what D．who 10．（2024·北京）— Lily, your new schoolbag is pretty. ________ did you buy it? — In a store near my home. A．How B．Where C．Why D．When 11．（2024·江苏宿迁）—Fanfan, _______ do you read books after school every day? —For about one hour. And I often write down my ideas while reading. A．how far B．how long C．how often D．how soon 12．（2024·江苏常州）—______ is it from Changzhou to Beijing? —It is about four hours’ ride by high-speed train. A．How long B．How far C．How soon D．How often 13．（2024·广西）—Henry, ________ is your job? —I’m a policeman. A．how B．where C．what 14．（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔）—Tom will have a birthday party next Sunday. Do you want to go? —If you go, ________. A．so I will B．so will I C．neither will I 15．（2024·黑龙江）—The old man never feels lonely, ________? —No, because he has many friends. A．does he B．won’t he C．doesn’t he 16．（2024·甘肃临夏）—________ do you visit your grandparents? —Once a week. We should care about the old. A．How long B．How often C．How soon D．How many 17．（2024·吉林长春）________ helpful the speech is! It tells us to use the Internet safely. A．What B．What a C．How D．What an 18．（2024·江苏无锡）________ is the girl wearing a scarf? Is she your sister? A．Who B．Which C．What D．Where 19．（2024·四川乐山）______ amazing it is! The Shenzhou XVIII members raise fish for the first time in Tiangong space station. A．What B．How C．What an 20．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江）Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country. A．are B．is C．was 21．（2024·黑龙江绥化）In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age. A．has; is B．eats; are C．eat; is 22．（2024·黑龙江绥化）Look! There ________ some information about traffic rules in this book. A．is B．are C．was 23．（2023·湖南湘西）There ________ a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the southwest of China next weekend. A．is B．will have C．will be 24．（2023·内蒙古）Not only Jim but also his sister ________ a few cities since they came to China. A．have visited B．has visited C．visited D．visits 25．（2023·江苏镇江）There ________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily. A．is B．are C．was D．were ( 考点清单 ) 一、简单句 类　型 谓语动词举例或说明 例句分析 主语(S)+不及物动词(Vi) sleep、walk、happen、come、go、laugh等 They are walking. 　S　　Vi 主语(S)+系动词(V)+表语(P) be、become、look、get、feel、seem等 I feel very happy. S V　　　　P 主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+宾语(O) 及物动词后必须跟宾语,不及物动词不能直接跟宾语 She speaks English very well. S 　Vt　　O　 主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+间接宾语(IO)+直接宾语(DO) give、pass、lend、send、show、buy、make、find、draw、teach等 He teaches us English. S　Vt　 IO　 DO 主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+宾语(O)+宾语补足语(OC) make、call、find、have、ask、tell、keep、want、hear等 He found the book interesting. S　Vt　　O　　　OC 【例句】 1. 一些女孩子正在跳舞。 Some girls are dancing. 2. 吉姆的妈妈看起来很年轻。 Jim’s mum looks very young. 3. 李爷爷正在制作风筝。 Grandpa Lee is making kites. 4. 史密斯夫人给她儿子买了一双鞋。 Mrs Smith bought her son a pair of shoes. 二、疑问句的四种类型 类　型 问句结构 一般疑问句 以系动词be开头 以助动词开头 以情态动词开头 特殊疑问句 疑问代词(what、who、whom、which、whose)引导 疑问副词(when、why、where、how)引导 疑问短语(how many、how much、how often、how long、how soon、how old、how far、what time等)引导 选择疑问句 一般疑问句+or+另一个选择部分? 特殊疑问句+选择项+or+另一个选择项? 反意疑问句 肯定陈述句+一般疑问句的否定简略式? 否定陈述句+一般疑问句的肯定简略式? 【注意】反意疑问句的几个特殊点 1. 如果陈述部分含有否定词 no、little、none、nobody、nothing、few等时,其附加疑问部分用肯定形式。 2. 当陈述部分的主语是 everyone、everybody、someone、somebody等不定代词时,附加疑问部分的主语往往用they。 3. there be 结构的附加疑问部分用be there或 be not there的相应形式。 4.在反意疑问句中,附加疑问部分的主语要用代词。例如: Lucy and Lily are from America, aren’t they? (不能说 aren’t Lucy and Lily) 【例句】 1. Two girls are practicing yoga over there. (改为一般疑问句) Are two girls practicing yoga over there? 2. Mark can speak English. (改为一般疑问句) Can Mark speak English? 3. The sweater is 120 yuan. (对画线部分提问)  How much is the sweater? 4. Can Jane sing?(用dance改为选择疑问句) Can Jane sing or dance? 5. There’s little juice in the fridge, is there?(完成反意疑问句) 6. He has two basketballs, doesn’t he?(完成反意疑问句) 三、感叹句的结构 类　别 结　构 举　例 以what 引导 What + a/an+adj. +可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a beautiful mountain it is! What+adj. +可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语! What great inventions he has made! What+adj. +不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! What bad weather it is! 以how 引导 How+adj. +a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How clever a boy he is! How+adj. /adv. +主语+谓语! How quickly Tom runs! 四、祈使句 1. 肯定形式的祈使句 类型 结　构 举　例 Do型 动词原形(+宾语)+其他 Sit down, please. Be型 Be+表语(+其他) Be quiet. Let型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他 Let me get it. 2. 否定形式的祈使句 类型 结　构 举　例 Do型 Don’t+动词原形+宾语(+其他) Don’t open the window. Be型 Don’t+be+表语+其他 Don’t be late for class. Let型 Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形(+其他) Don’t let him go. Let+宾语+not+动词原形(+其他) Let him not go. 【注意】 (1)祈使句之后的附加疑问部分常用“will you?”。 Don’t run in the hallways,will you? (2)以Let’s 开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分常用“shall we?”。 Let’s play soccer after school,shall we? (3)有些祈使句可用no开头,用来表示禁止(做某事)。 No photos! 禁止拍照! No smoking!禁止吸烟! 五、倒装句 结　构 含　义 举　例 So +助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语 表示与上文提到的肯定情况相同 —Jim likes sports. —So does his brother. Neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语 表示与上文提到的否定情况相同 —Jane can’t swim. —Neither can I. “Only +副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首 表示强调,采用部分倒装 Only in this way can we achieve our dream. 【注意】 “so+主语+系动词/助动词/情态动词”结构,意为“……确实如此”。此结构是对前面提到的肯定事实予以确认,表示乙赞同甲的话。这种句型中,前后句主语相同。例如: —It may be in that pocket. 它可能在那个口袋里。 —Ah,so it is. 啊,真的。 六、主谓一致的三个原则 原则 特　征 举　例 语法 一致 主语为单数形式,谓语用单数形式 He does his homework every evening. 主语为复数形式,谓语也用复数形式 You and I are good students. 意义 一致 主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语用复数 The people are busy with their work. 集体名词(family、class、team 等)作主语,若表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数;若表示集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数 My family is big. My family are watching TV now. 就近 原则 谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语 Neither you nor he likes pop music. Either he or I am an English teacher. 【注意】 1. 表示度量、时间、距离、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词往往用单数。 Seventy miles is a long distance. 七十英里是一段很长的距离。 2. 主语后面跟由with、together with、except、like、but等引导的短语时,谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语的数一致。 Tom with his parents has gone to Beijing. 汤姆和他父母已经去北京了。 3. “a number of + 名词复数”作主语时,谓语用复数;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语用单数。 A number of students want to plant trees tomorrow. 明天很多学生想去植树。 The number of city dwellers is growing. 城市居民的数量日渐增长。 4. or、either. . . or. . . 、neither. . . nor. . . 、not only. . . but also. . . 等连接并列主语时或在there be 句型中,通常使用就近原则。 Either he or I am right. 或者他对,或者我对。 ( 突破练习 ) 一、单项选择 1．— ________ can I increase my reading speed, Mr. Miller? —You can read faster ________ reading word groups. A．How; in B．Why; by C．How; by D．When; on 2．—Are there ________ books in your study? —Yes, ________. A．any, there are B．some, there are C．any, it is 3．Why not ________ your friends for help when you are in trouble (困难)? A．ask B．asks C．to ask 4．There ________ a class meeting this afternoon. A．are going to be B．is going to have C．is going to be D．will have 5．—________ mess! What did you do before going out? —Oh, sorry, we had a party. A．What a B．What C．How 6．—________ is the school from your home? —About 30 minutes’ walk. A．How far B．How much C．How long D．How soon 7．—________ do you spell “THAT”? —T-H-A-T. A．What B．Where C．How D．Why 8．Where do you think ________ he ________ his CD? A．did; buy B．has; bought C．/; bought D．does; buy 9．There is nothing in the fridge, _________? A．is it B．isn’t there C．is there D．isn’t it 10．— are you going to do that? —I’m going to exercise every day. A．What B．How C．When D．Where 11．—Is your father a teacher? —________. He is a doctor. A．Yes, he is B．No, he isn’t C．Yes, she is D．No, she isn’t 12．—________? —It’s red. A．What is this B．Where is it C．What colour is it D．How much is it 13．—____ —Music that can help me relax. A．Would you like to listen to music？ B．Why do you like music？ C．What kind of music do you prefer？ D．How do you like this piece of music？ 14．—________ is it from your school to your home? —It’s about five kilometers. A．How far B．How much C．How many D．How soon 15．Jack's grandfather ___________ for two years. A．have died B．has died C．has been dead D．have been dead 16．The population of China _________ about 1.4 billion now. A．are B．is C．were D．has 17．—________ have you learned English in England? —For two months. A．How often B．How far C．How long 18．________Bill________an English Day this term? A．Do，has B．Do，have C．Does，has D．Does，have 19．—________ have you had the bread maker?     —For five years. And it still works. A．How long B．How often C．How soon D．How many 20．Tom’s birthday is next week. Let’s ________ a party for him. A．have B．has C．to have D．to has 21．---_____________ is your size? ----Size 8. A．How much B．What C．How big D．How many 22．There ________ some flowers on the teacher's desk just now, but now there ________ nothing on it. A．have; has B．were; was C．were; is D．has; has 23．—Here's a present for you. Happy birthday，sweetie! Open it. —Wow! An iWatch? ________！ Thank you so much，Dad! A．What a surprise B．What surprise C．What a waste D．What waste 24．---Why don’t you get her a scarf?   --- _______. A．It’s scary B．That’s too expensive C．It’s so impolite 25．My friend’s mother ________ of medium height and she ________ short straight hair. A．is; is B．has; has C．has; is D．is; has 26．Toby ________ the football game last week. He was so happy that he jumped up and down on the playground. A．didn’t win B．won C．doesn’t win D．wins 27．_________ open the door before the train stops. A．Don’t B．Doesn’t C．Not D．No 28．I think everything is ready, _________? A．aren’t they B．don’t I C．isn’t it D．doesn’t it 29．Paul told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, __________? A．wasn’t there B．was there C．didn’t he D．did he 30．--______ are they? --They are my ______. A．What, parents B．What, parent C．Who, parents D．Who, parent 31．—Why _________ you look so _________? —Because the Chinese New Year is coming. A．are; happy B．do; happy C．are; happily D．do; happily 32．— ________ the clock?   — On the table. A．Where B．Where’s C．What D．Who 33．About ________ of the research on animals’ behaviour ________ been done so far. A．two-nineteenths; have B．two-nineths; has C．two-ninths; has D．two-nineties; have 34．“Tom, _______ afraid of speaking in public. You are no longer a small boy.” said mum. A．be not B．isn’t C．doesn’t be D．don’t be 35．Mrs. Yang ________ dancing for an hour on Saturdays. Look! she ________ to music. A．practises; dances B．practises; is dancing C．is practising; is dancing D．is practising; dances 36．Many students ________ summer, but Jenny ________ winter! A．likes; like B．like; like C．like; likes D．likes; likes 37．Henry, with his friends, volleyball every Sunday afternoon. A．play B．plays C．don't play D．are play 38．________ 20 girls in my class, and I _______ two good friends of them. A．There have; have B．There are; there have C．There are; there are D．There are; have 39．--- _________ robot is yours, the big one or the small one? --- The big one. A．What B．Which C．How many D．Whose 40．—What is the weather ________ ? —It’s ________ . A．like；cloud B．like；cloudy C．be；rain D．be；rainy 41．—What does your sister look like? —She ________ tall or short, and she ________ long hair. A．is; isn’t B．isn’t; is C．is; has D．isn’t; has 42．—________ does Tony get to school? —By bus. A．Why B．When C．How D．Where 43．He was not sure ________ for his mother’s birthday. A．what is he going to buy B．what he is going to buy C．what was he going to buy D．what he was going to buy 44．— ________ will you come back? —In a week. A．How soon B．How often C．How long D．When 45．—I have seen the film Where Are We Going, Dad?. —__________. I think it’s wonderful. A．Neither have I B．So have I C．Neither have I D．So I have 46．—________ is it from Wuhan to Changsha? —It’s about one and a half hours by high-speed train. A．How long B．How far C．How much D．How soon 47．— ________ is the Yellow River? —It is about 5,464 km. A．How long B．How deep C．How wide D．How high 48．—Are these your shirts? —No, ________. A．it is B．it isn’t C．they are D．they aren’t 49．There ______many _______ food. A．is, kinds B．are, kinds C．is, kind of D．are, kinds of 50． The number of chairs in the room __ ten. I’m afraid a number of chairs in the room ___ lost. A．is; is B．is; are C．are; is D．are; are 二、单词拼写 51．This restaurant serves delicious food. Why not (come) back here for dinner later? 52．How can I (drive) a car? 53．The number of different clubs in our school is term by term. (increase) 54．Tom and I (be) in Class 4, Grade 7. 55．Can she (run) as fast as Helen? 56．I will give the book to him as soon as he (come) back. 57．The musician as well as his friends (leave) for Moscow, so there’s nobody in his home now. 58． Han Mei (do) her homework with the twins? 59． this your cousin’s mother? (be) 60．He (brush) his teeth at 7:00 every day. 61．Jim and John (not have) a basketball. 62．Some lost books (be) in the classroom 5A． 63． Tommy with his parents (shop) on Sundays? 64．Tony (not have) got chocolate for his father. 65．Two years (pass) since I came to the school to teach English. 66． (do) your father (read) newspapers in the morning? 67． (not speak) Chinese in English class. 68．— (be) these your pencils? —Yes, they are. 69．She (have) got some apples. 70． (look) at the flowers. They are so beautiful! 71．My brother and I (be) in the last photo. 72．My sister (be not) a policewoman. 73．It’s raining outside. Please (close) the windows. 74．Keep (try) and you will find you can remember things better. 75．The woman with her children often (fly) kites in the park. 76．The boy (not have) a soccer ball. 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My name is Mike. I like making friends with different people. I always think that my friends play 77 important role in my life. Sam is one of my 78 (good) friends. We are quite different. I am a little shy and serious. while he is outgoing. He is so funny that he often makes me 79 (laugh). Sometimes he even makes up some stories and tells 80 (they) to other classmates. Although we have a lot of 81 (different), we get on so well with each other. And he always brings out the best 82 me. With his help, I am better at sports than before. We play baseball after class 83 (one) a week and go to the library three times a week. We never go online 84 we both think it is bad for our study. The other day, I had a math test. I did worse than before, so I was not happy. Sam 85 (give) me a lot of help. “You need to think very 86 (careful) about the answers next time,” he said. I believe I can do better in the next test. ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 12.句子种类(简单句)、倒装句与主谓一致 ( 真题回顾 ) 单项选择 1．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨）—Do you like listening to music or playing chess? —________. It makes me relaxed. A.Yes, I like listening to music B．No, I don’t like playing chess C．Listening to music 2．（2024·江苏淮安）—________ do you walk your dog every day, Bob? —For about half an hour. A．How much B．How long C．How often D．How many 3．（2024·江苏徐州）—________ do the notebooks cost? —They are five yuan each. A．How much B．How many C．How often D．How long 4．（2024·内蒙古）—Let’s go out for dinner tonight, ________? —Sorry, but I cannot make it today. A．can we B．will you C．can you D．shall we 5．（2024·西藏）— Can you cut tomatoes into thin pieces? — ________. Let me show you. A．Yes, I can B．No, I can’t C．Yes, I do D．No, I don’t 6．（2024·西藏）—This watch is cool! ________ is it? —198 yuan. A．How many B．How much C．How long D．How old 7．（2024·西藏）________ amazing magic show I saw yesterday! A．How B．What C．What an D．What a 8．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨）— ________ is your English-Chinese dictionary? —98 yuan. I bought it in Xinhua Bookstore. A．How much B．How many C．How old 9．（2024·西藏）They are good at drawing, but ________ painting is the best? A．whose B．whom C．what D．who 10．（2024·北京）— Lily, your new schoolbag is pretty. ________ did you buy it? — In a store near my home. A．How B．Where C．Why D．When 11．（2024·江苏宿迁）—Fanfan, _______ do you read books after school every day? —For about one hour. And I often write down my ideas while reading. A．how far B．how long C．how often D．how soon 12．（2024·江苏常州）—______ is it from Changzhou to Beijing? —It is about four hours’ ride by high-speed train. A．How long B．How far C．How soon D．How often 13．（2024·广西）—Henry, ________ is your job? —I’m a policeman. A．how B．where C．what 14．（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔）—Tom will have a birthday party next Sunday. Do you want to go? —If you go, ________. A．so I will B．so will I C．neither will I 15．（2024·黑龙江）—The old man never feels lonely, ________? —No, because he has many friends. A．does he B．won’t he C．doesn’t he 16．（2024·甘肃临夏）—________ do you visit your grandparents? —Once a week. We should care about the old. A．How long B．How often C．How soon D．How many 17．（2024·吉林长春）________ helpful the speech is! It tells us to use the Internet safely. A．What B．What a C．How D．What an 18．（2024·江苏无锡）________ is the girl wearing a scarf? Is she your sister? A．Who B．Which C．What D．Where 19．（2024·四川乐山）______ amazing it is! The Shenzhou XVIII members raise fish for the first time in Tiangong space station. A．What B．How C．What an 20．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江）Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country. A．are B．is C．was 21．（2024·黑龙江绥化）In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age. A．has; is B．eats; are C．eat; is 22．（2024·黑龙江绥化）Look! There ________ some information about traffic rules in this book. A．is B．are C．was 23．（2023·湖南湘西）There ________ a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the southwest of China next weekend. A．is B．will have C．will be 24．（2023·内蒙古）Not only Jim but also his sister ________ a few cities since they came to China. A．have visited B．has visited C．visited D．visits 25．（2023·江苏镇江）There ________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily. A．is B．are C．was D．were 参考答案： 1．C 【解析】句意：——你喜欢听音乐还是下棋？——听音乐。它让我感到放松。 考查选择疑问句。根据“Do you like listening to music or playing chess?”可知，此句是选择疑问句，回答要具体回答，应回答喜欢听音乐或者下棋，选项C符合，故选C。 2．B 【解析】句意：——鲍勃，你每天遛狗多久？——大约半个小时。 考查特殊疑问句。how much多少钱；how long多长时间；how often多久一次；how many多少。根据“For about half an hour.”可知此处询问时间段，疑问词用how long。故选B。 3．A 【解析】句意：——这些笔记本多少钱？——每本五元。 考查特殊疑问句。How much多少钱，提问价格；How many多少，修饰可数名词；How often 多久一次，提问频率；How long 多长时间，提问一段时间。根据回答“They are five yuan each.”可知，问句是询问价格，用How much提问。故选A。 4．D 【解析】句意：——我们今晚出去吃饭，好吗？——抱歉，我今天去不了。 考查反意疑问句。“Let’s go out for dinner tonight”中Let’s意思是包括“我”在内的我们，其反意疑问句应该用shall we，故选D。 5．A 【解析】句意：——你能把西红柿切成薄片吗？——是的，我可以。我展示给你看。 考查情景交际。以can引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes, I can，否定回答为No, I can’t。根据“Let me show you.”可知，此处应是肯定回答，故选A。 6．B 【解析】句意：——这块手表很酷。它多少钱？——198元。 考查特殊疑问句。how many多少；how much多少/多少钱；how long多久；how old多大。根据“198 yuan.”可知，对价格提问用how much，故选B。 7．C 【解析】句意：昨天我看了一场多么精彩的魔术表演啊！ 考查感叹句的用法。此句中心词是可数名词单数show，形容词amazing是元音音素开头，an符合句意，用what引导，句型为“what+a/an+adj+名词+主谓”。故选C。 8．A 【解析】句意：——你的英汉词典多少钱？——98元。我在新华书店买的。 考查特殊疑问句。How much多少钱/多少(后跟不可数名词)；How many多少(后跟可数名词复数)；How old多少岁。根据“98 yuan.”可知，此处询问价格。故选A。 9．A 【解析】句意：他们擅长画画，但谁的画最好？ 考查特殊疑问句。whose谁的，表示所有格；whom谁，宾格，指代人；what什么，指代物；who谁，主格，指代人。根据“painting is the best?”可知，空处是指谁的画，需要用表示所有格的疑问词whose，表示“谁的”。故选A。 10．B 【解析】句意：——莉莉，你的新书包很漂亮。你在哪里买的？——在我家附近的一家商店。 考查特殊疑问句。How怎么；Where哪里；Why为什么；When 什么时候。根据答语“In a store near my home”可知，此处询问在哪里买的书包，应用where。故选B。 11．B 【解析】句意：——樊凡，你每天放学后读书多长时间？——大约一个小时。我经常在阅读时写下我的想法。 考查特殊疑问句。how far多远，对距离提问；how long多久，对时间段提问；how often多久一次，对频率提问；how soon多久，对将来时间提问。根据答语“For about one hour.”可知，对时间段提问，用how long。故选B。 12．B 【解析】句意：——从常州到北京有多远？——坐高铁大约需要4个小时。 考查特殊疑问句。how long多久；how far多远；how soon多久以后；how often多久一次。根据答语“It is about four hours’ ride by high-speed train”可知，对距离提问用疑问词how far，故选B。 13．C 【解析】句意：——亨利，你的工作是什么？——我是一名警察。 考查特殊疑问句。how如何；where在哪里；what什么。根据“...is your job?”和“I’m a policeman.”可知，询问工作是什么，故选C。 14．B 【解析】句意：——汤姆下星期天将有一个生日聚会。你想去吗？——如果你去，我也去。 考查部分倒装。根据“If you go, ...”可知，此处表示后者情况与前者一致，用“So+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”，故选B。 15．A 【解析】句意：——这位老人从不感到孤独，是吗？——是的，因为他有很多朋友。 考查反意疑问句。此处是反意疑问句，遵循“前否后肯，前肯后否”原则。never表否定，故疑问句部分是肯定形式。故选A。 16．B 【解析】句意：——你多久去看望你的祖父母一次？——一周一次。我们应该关心老人。 考查特殊疑问句。How long多长；How often多久一次；How soon多久；How many多少。根据答语“Once a week.”可知，对频率提问，故选B。 17．C 【解析】句意：这演讲真有帮助！它告诉我们要安全地使用互联网。 考查感叹句。句子是感叹句，中心词是形容词helpful，用感叹句结构：how adj.+主谓。故选C。 18．A 【解析】句意：戴围巾的女孩是谁？她是你姐姐吗？ 考查特殊疑问句。Who谁；Which哪一个；What什么；Where在哪里。根据“Is she your sister?”可知，此处询问戴围巾的女孩是谁，对人提问应用who。故选A。 19．B 【解析】句意：真是太神奇了！神舟十八号成员首次在天宫空间站养鱼。 考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知，感叹句的中心词是形容词amazing，符合结构how+形容词+主谓，故选B。 20．B 【解析】句意：当你到国外旅游时，有礼貌是必要的。 考查主谓一致。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是动名词短语，be动词用is。故选B。 21．C 【解析】句意：在中国，许多过生日的人会用蜡烛吃蛋糕。蜡烛的数量是这个人的年龄。 考查主谓一致。a number of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词也用复数，素以第一空用eat；The number of +名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，所以第二空用is。故选C。 22．A 【解析】句意：看！在这本书上有一些关于交通规则的信息。 考查be动词。此句是There be句型，主语是information，不可数名词，be动词用单数，描述事实，用一般现在时。故选A。 23．C 【解析】句意：下周末，中国西南地区将举办苗族鼓文化节。 考查there be结构的将来时。根据“next weekend”可知此处是there be结构的将来时there will be。故选C。 24．B 【解析】句意：自从他们来到中国以来，不仅吉姆，他的妹妹也去过几个城市。 考查时态以及主谓一致。根据“since...”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done；not only...but also连接的并列成分作主语时，应遵循就近原则，根据“his sister”可知助动词用has。故选B。 25．B 【解析】句意：江苏有许多现代化的高速铁路，它们帮助人们方便地出行。 考查there be。句子主语railways是复数，be动词用复数形式，排除AC。根据后句可知，句子是一般现在时，be动词用are。故选B。 ( 考点清单 ) 一、简单句 类　型 谓语动词举例或说明 例句分析 主语(S)+不及物动词(Vi) sleep、walk、happen、come、go、laugh等 They are walking. 　S　　Vi 主语(S)+系动词(V)+表语(P) be、become、look、get、feel、seem等 I feel very happy. S V　　　　P 主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+宾语(O) 及物动词后必须跟宾语,不及物动词不能直接跟宾语 She speaks English very well. S 　Vt　　O　 主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+间接宾语(IO)+直接宾语(DO) give、pass、lend、send、show、buy、make、find、draw、teach等 He teaches us English. S　Vt　 IO　 DO 主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+宾语(O)+宾语补足语(OC) make、call、find、have、ask、tell、keep、want、hear等 He found the book interesting. S　Vt　　O　　　OC 【例句】 1. 一些女孩子正在跳舞。 Some girls are dancing. 2. 吉姆的妈妈看起来很年轻。 Jim’s mum looks very young. 3. 李爷爷正在制作风筝。 Grandpa Lee is making kites. 4. 史密斯夫人给她儿子买了一双鞋。 Mrs Smith bought her son a pair of shoes. 二、疑问句的四种类型 类　型 问句结构 一般疑问句 以系动词be开头 以助动词开头 以情态动词开头 特殊疑问句 疑问代词(what、who、whom、which、whose)引导 疑问副词(when、why、where、how)引导 疑问短语(how many、how much、how often、how long、how soon、how old、how far、what time等)引导 选择疑问句 一般疑问句+or+另一个选择部分? 特殊疑问句+选择项+or+另一个选择项? 反意疑问句 肯定陈述句+一般疑问句的否定简略式? 否定陈述句+一般疑问句的肯定简略式? 【注意】反意疑问句的几个特殊点 1. 如果陈述部分含有否定词 no、little、none、nobody、nothing、few等时,其附加疑问部分用肯定形式。 2. 当陈述部分的主语是 everyone、everybody、someone、somebody等不定代词时,附加疑问部分的主语往往用they。 3. there be 结构的附加疑问部分用be there或 be not there的相应形式。 4.在反意疑问句中,附加疑问部分的主语要用代词。例如: Lucy and Lily are from America, aren’t they? (不能说 aren’t Lucy and Lily) 【例句】 1. Two girls are practicing yoga over there. (改为一般疑问句) Are two girls practicing yoga over there? 2. Mark can speak English. (改为一般疑问句) Can Mark speak English? 3. The sweater is 120 yuan. (对画线部分提问)  How much is the sweater? 4. Can Jane sing?(用dance改为选择疑问句) Can Jane sing or dance? 5. There’s little juice in the fridge, is there?(完成反意疑问句) 6. He has two basketballs, doesn’t he?(完成反意疑问句) 三、感叹句的结构 类　别 结　构 举　例 以what 引导 What + a/an+adj. +可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a beautiful mountain it is! What+adj. +可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语! What great inventions he has made! What+adj. +不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! What bad weather it is! 以how 引导 How+adj. +a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How clever a boy he is! How+adj. /adv. +主语+谓语! How quickly Tom runs! 四、祈使句 1. 肯定形式的祈使句 类型 结　构 举　例 Do型 动词原形(+宾语)+其他 Sit down, please. Be型 Be+表语(+其他) Be quiet. Let型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他 Let me get it. 2. 否定形式的祈使句 类型 结　构 举　例 Do型 Don’t+动词原形+宾语(+其他) Don’t open the window. Be型 Don’t+be+表语+其他 Don’t be late for class. Let型 Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形(+其他) Don’t let him go. Let+宾语+not+动词原形(+其他) Let him not go. 【注意】 (1)祈使句之后的附加疑问部分常用“will you?”。 Don’t run in the hallways,will you? (2)以Let’s 开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分常用“shall we?”。 Let’s play soccer after school,shall we? (3)有些祈使句可用no开头,用来表示禁止(做某事)。 No photos! 禁止拍照! No smoking!禁止吸烟! 五、倒装句 结　构 含　义 举　例 So +助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语 表示与上文提到的肯定情况相同 —Jim likes sports. —So does his brother. Neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语 表示与上文提到的否定情况相同 —Jane can’t swim. —Neither can I. “Only +副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首 表示强调,采用部分倒装 Only in this way can we achieve our dream. 【注意】 “so+主语+系动词/助动词/情态动词”结构,意为“……确实如此”。此结构是对前面提到的肯定事实予以确认,表示乙赞同甲的话。这种句型中,前后句主语相同。例如: —It may be in that pocket. 它可能在那个口袋里。 —Ah,so it is. 啊,真的。 六、主谓一致的三个原则 原则 特　征 举　例 语法 一致 主语为单数形式,谓语用单数形式 He does his homework every evening. 主语为复数形式,谓语也用复数形式 You and I are good students. 意义 一致 主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语用复数 The people are busy with their work. 集体名词(family、class、team 等)作主语,若表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数;若表示集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数 My family is big. My family are watching TV now. 就近 原则 谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语 Neither you nor he likes pop music. Either he or I am an English teacher. 【注意】 1. 表示度量、时间、距离、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词往往用单数。 Seventy miles is a long distance. 七十英里是一段很长的距离。 2. 主语后面跟由with、together with、except、like、but等引导的短语时,谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语的数一致。 Tom with his parents has gone to Beijing. 汤姆和他父母已经去北京了。 3. “a number of + 名词复数”作主语时,谓语用复数;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语用单数。 A number of students want to plant trees tomorrow. 明天很多学生想去植树。 The number of city dwellers is growing. 城市居民的数量日渐增长。 4. or、either. . . or. . . 、neither. . . nor. . . 、not only. . . but also. . . 等连接并列主语时或在there be 句型中,通常使用就近原则。 Either he or I am right. 或者他对,或者我对。 ( 突破练习 ) 一、单项选择 1．— ________ can I increase my reading speed, Mr. Miller? —You can read faster ________ reading word groups. A．How; in B．Why; by C．How; by D．When; on 2．—Are there ________ books in your study? —Yes, ________. A．any, there are B．some, there are C．any, it is 3．Why not ________ your friends for help when you are in trouble (困难)? A．ask B．asks C．to ask 4．There ________ a class meeting this afternoon. A．are going to be B．is going to have C．is going to be D．will have 5．—________ mess! What did you do before going out? —Oh, sorry, we had a party. A．What a B．What C．How 6．—________ is the school from your home? —About 30 minutes’ walk. A．How far B．How much C．How long D．How soon 7．—________ do you spell “THAT”? —T-H-A-T. A．What B．Where C．How D．Why 8．Where do you think ________ he ________ his CD? A．did; buy B．has; bought C．/; bought D．does; buy 9．There is nothing in the fridge, _________? A．is it B．isn’t there C．is there D．isn’t it 10．— are you going to do that? —I’m going to exercise every day. A．What B．How C．When D．Where 11．—Is your father a teacher? —________. He is a doctor. A．Yes, he is B．No, he isn’t C．Yes, she is D．No, she isn’t 12．—________? —It’s red. A．What is this B．Where is it C．What colour is it D．How much is it 13．—____ —Music that can help me relax. A．Would you like to listen to music？ B．Why do you like music？ C．What kind of music do you prefer？ D．How do you like this piece of music？ 14．—________ is it from your school to your home? —It’s about five kilometers. A．How far B．How much C．How many D．How soon 15．Jack's grandfather ___________ for two years. A．have died B．has died C．has been dead D．have been dead 16．The population of China _________ about 1.4 billion now. A．are B．is C．were D．has 17．—________ have you learned English in England? —For two months. A．How often B．How far C．How long 18．________Bill________an English Day this term? A．Do，has B．Do，have C．Does，has D．Does，have 19．—________ have you had the bread maker?     —For five years. And it still works. A．How long B．How often C．How soon D．How many 20．Tom’s birthday is next week. Let’s ________ a party for him. A．have B．has C．to have D．to has 21．---_____________ is your size? ----Size 8. A．How much B．What C．How big D．How many 22．There ________ some flowers on the teacher's desk just now, but now there ________ nothing on it. A．have; has B．were; was C．were; is D．has; has 23．—Here's a present for you. Happy birthday，sweetie! Open it. —Wow! An iWatch? ________！ Thank you so much，Dad! A．What a surprise B．What surprise C．What a waste D．What waste 24．---Why don’t you get her a scarf?   --- _______. A．It’s scary B．That’s too expensive C．It’s so impolite 25．My friend’s mother ________ of medium height and she ________ short straight hair. A．is; is B．has; has C．has; is D．is; has 26．Toby ________ the football game last week. He was so happy that he jumped up and down on the playground. A．didn’t win B．won C．doesn’t win D．wins 27．_________ open the door before the train stops. A．Don’t B．Doesn’t C．Not D．No 28．I think everything is ready, _________? A．aren’t they B．don’t I C．isn’t it D．doesn’t it 29．Paul told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, __________? A．wasn’t there B．was there C．didn’t he D．did he 30．--______ are they? --They are my ______. A．What, parents B．What, parent C．Who, parents D．Who, parent 31．—Why _________ you look so _________? —Because the Chinese New Year is coming. A．are; happy B．do; happy C．are; happily D．do; happily 32．— ________ the clock?   — On the table. A．Where B．Where’s C．What D．Who 33．About ________ of the research on animals’ behaviour ________ been done so far. A．two-nineteenths; have B．two-nineths; has C．two-ninths; has D．two-nineties; have 34．“Tom, _______ afraid of speaking in public. You are no longer a small boy.” said mum. A．be not B．isn’t C．doesn’t be D．don’t be 35．Mrs. Yang ________ dancing for an hour on Saturdays. Look! she ________ to music. A．practises; dances B．practises; is dancing C．is practising; is dancing D．is practising; dances 36．Many students ________ summer, but Jenny ________ winter! A．likes; like B．like; like C．like; likes D．likes; likes 37．Henry, with his friends, volleyball every Sunday afternoon. A．play B．plays C．don't play D．are play 38．________ 20 girls in my class, and I _______ two good friends of them. A．There have; have B．There are; there have C．There are; there are D．There are; have 39．--- _________ robot is yours, the big one or the small one? --- The big one. A．What B．Which C．How many D．Whose 40．—What is the weather ________ ? —It’s ________ . A．like；cloud B．like；cloudy C．be；rain D．be；rainy 41．—What does your sister look like? —She ________ tall or short, and she ________ long hair. A．is; isn’t B．isn’t; is C．is; has D．isn’t; has 42．—________ does Tony get to school? —By bus. A．Why B．When C．How D．Where 43．He was not sure ________ for his mother’s birthday. A．what is he going to buy B．what he is going to buy C．what was he going to buy D．what he was going to buy 44．— ________ will you come back? —In a week. A．How soon B．How often C．How long D．When 45．—I have seen the film Where Are We Going, Dad?. —__________. I think it’s wonderful. A．Neither have I B．So have I C．Neither have I D．So I have 46．—________ is it from Wuhan to Changsha? —It’s about one and a half hours by high-speed train. A．How long B．How far C．How much D．How soon 47．— ________ is the Yellow River? —It is about 5,464 km. A．How long B．How deep C．How wide D．How high 48．—Are these your shirts? —No, ________. A．it is B．it isn’t C．they are D．they aren’t 49．There ______many _______ food. A．is, kinds B．are, kinds C．is, kind of D．are, kinds of 50． The number of chairs in the room __ ten. I’m afraid a number of chairs in the room ___ lost. A．is; is B．is; are C．are; is D．are; are 二、单词拼写 51．This restaurant serves delicious food. Why not (come) back here for dinner later? 52．How can I (drive) a car? 53．The number of different clubs in our school is term by term. (increase) 54．Tom and I (be) in Class 4, Grade 7. 55．Can she (run) as fast as Helen? 56．I will give the book to him as soon as he (come) back. 57．The musician as well as his friends (leave) for Moscow, so there’s nobody in his home now. 58． Han Mei (do) her homework with the twins? 59． this your cousin’s mother? (be) 60．He (brush) his teeth at 7:00 every day. 61．Jim and John (not have) a basketball. 62．Some lost books (be) in the classroom 5A． 63． Tommy with his parents (shop) on Sundays? 64．Tony (not have) got chocolate for his father. 65．Two years (pass) since I came to the school to teach English. 66． (do) your father (read) newspapers in the morning? 67． (not speak) Chinese in English class. 68．— (be) these your pencils? —Yes, they are. 69．She (have) got some apples. 70． (look) at the flowers. They are so beautiful! 71．My brother and I (be) in the last photo. 72．My sister (be not) a policewoman. 73．It’s raining outside. Please (close) the windows. 74．Keep (try) and you will find you can remember things better. 75．The woman with her children often (fly) kites in the park. 76．The boy (not have) a soccer ball. 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My name is Mike. I like making friends with different people. I always think that my friends play 77 important role in my life. Sam is one of my 78 (good) friends. We are quite different. I am a little shy and serious. while he is outgoing. He is so funny that he often makes me 79 (laugh). Sometimes he even makes up some stories and tells 80 (they) to other classmates. Although we have a lot of 81 (different), we get on so well with each other. And he always brings out the best 82 me. With his help, I am better at sports than before. We play baseball after class 83 (one) a week and go to the library three times a week. We never go online 84 we both think it is bad for our study. The other day, I had a math test. I did worse than before, so I was not happy. Sam 85 (give) me a lot of help. “You need to think very 86 (careful) about the answers next time,” he said. I believe I can do better in the next test. 参考答案 一、 1．C 【解析】句意：——米勒先生，我怎样才能提高我的阅读速度？ ——你可以通过阅读词组来加快阅读速度。 考查特殊疑问句和介词辨析。How怎样；in在……里；Why为什么；by通过；When什么时候；on在……上。第一空，根据“You can read faster … reading word groups.”可知，此处应是询问如何提高阅读速度，用疑问词how，排除B和D；第二空，根据“reading word groups”可知，此处应是介绍提高阅读速度的方式，“by doing sth.”表示通过某种方式，排除A。故选C。 2．A 【解析】句意：——你的书房里有书吗？——是的，有。 考查代词辨析以及there be的用法。any一些，常用于否定句和疑问句；some一些，常用于肯定句。第一个句子是疑问句，用any，排除B；根据“Are there...”可知其肯定回答为there are。故选A。 3．A 【解析】句意：当你遇到困难时，为什么不向你的朋友求助呢？ 考查特殊疑问句。why not do...“为什么不做……”，是固定句型，动词用原形。故选A。 4．C 【解析】句意：今天下午将有一个班会。 考查there be句型的一般将来时。there be结构，意思是“有”，不能和have连用，根据“this afternoon”可知，应用there be句型一般将来时“there will be或there is/are going to be”。故选C。 5．A 【解析】句意：——真乱啊！出门前你做了什么？——哦，对不起，我们开了个派对。 考查感叹句。句子是感叹句，中心词是可数名词mess，用结构：what a/an+adj.+n.+主谓，what a mess“真乱啊”。故选A。 6．A 【解析】句意：——从你家到学校有多远？——步行大约30分钟。 考查特殊疑问句。How far多远，对距离提问； How much多少；How long多久，对一段时间或长度提问；How soon 多久以后，其后用in加一段时间来回答 。根据“About 30 minutes’ walk”可知，对距离提问，应该用How far。故选A。 7．C 【解析】句意：——你怎么拼写 “THAT”？——T-H-A-T。 考查特殊疑问句。what什么；where哪里；how怎样；why为什么。根据答语T-H-A-T可知，问句是提问方式，应用特殊疑问词how。故选C。 8．C 【解析】句意：你觉得他的CD在哪里买的？ 考查动词时态。题目中“do you think”是插入语，构成“疑问词+do you think+陈述语序”结构；又结合句意，买电脑是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，其余三项均为疑问语序。故选C。 9．C 【解析】试题分析：句意：冰箱里什么都没有，不是吗？这是一个反义疑问句，前半句是肯定句，因此后半句用否定形式。根据there is，故此处为there isn’t。故选C。 10．B 【解析】句意：——你打算怎么做？——我打算每天锻炼。 考查疑问词辨析。What什么；How如何；When什么时候；Where在哪里。根据“I’m going to exercise every day.”可知问打算如何做成某件事，用How提问。故选B。 11．B 【解析】句意：——你爸爸是一名老师吗？——不，他不是。他是一名医生。 考查一般疑问句的回答。根据“He is a doctor.”可知，爸爸不是一位老师，应进行否定回答；再根据“your father”可知，人称代词用he。故选B。 12．C 【解析】句意：——它是什么颜色？——它是红色。 考查特殊疑问句。What is this这是什么；Where is it它在哪里；What colour is it它是什么颜色；How much is it它多少钱。根据“It’s red”可知此处询问颜色。故选C。 13．C 【解析】——你更喜欢哪种音乐？——能帮我放松的那种音乐。根据答语可知选C。 14．A 【解析】句意：——从你的学校到你家有多远？——大约五公里。 考查疑问词辨析。How far多远；How much多少钱；How many多少，提问可数名词的数量；How soon多久，用于将来时。根据“It’s about five kilometers.”可知，应是问距离的，用特殊疑问词how far。故选A。 15．C 【解析】句意：杰克的祖父已经去世两年了。 考查现在完成时。本句是现在完成时，for two years（两年）是一段时间，需和持续性动词连用，die（死）是终止性动词，可排除AB两项。be dead表状态，Jack's grandfather是单数第三人称，需用“has done”表示现在完成时结构；根据句意结构，可知选C。 16．B 【解析】句意：现在中国的人口大约是十四亿。 考查主谓一致和时态。The population of...is/was...“……的人口是……”，population作主语，表示单数；由句中“now”知，此句用一般现在时，be动词用is，故选B。 17．C 【解析】句意：——你在英国学英语多久了？——两个月。 考查特殊疑问句。how often多久一次；how far多远；how long多长时间。根据“For two months”可知此处询问时间段，疑问词用how long。故选C。 18．D 【解析】句意：这学期比尔有一个英语日吗？have有，实意动词，主语是单三，变疑问句时在主语前加does，谓语动词用原形；故选D 点睛：一般现在时态变疑问句时，有系动词be或情态动词时，把系动词be或情态动词提到主语的前面，当只有实义动词时，要在句首加do/does，主语是第三人称单数时，用does;例如：Is he a  teacher?/Can he speak English?/    Do you like apples?/Does he like apples?;；回答时用yes或no，但要注意前后一致，例如;Yes，he is./No,he isn’t. 19．A 【解析】句意：——面包机你买了多久了？——五年了。它仍然工作。 考查特殊疑问句。how long多久；how often多久一次；how soon多久一次；how many多少。根据答语“For five years”可知，对一段时间提问用how long，故选A。 20．A 【解析】句意：汤姆的生日是下星期。我们为他开个派对吧。 考查非谓语动词。Let’s=“let us”，由此可知考查let sb do“让某人做某事”，let接不带to的不定式作宾补，因此设空处填动词原形。故选A。 21．B 【解析】句意：——你的号码是多少？——8号。A. How much询问不可数名词量的多少或询问价格；B. What什么，可以询问尺寸的大小；C. How big多大；D. How many询问可数名词量的多少。根据答语可知，问句是询问尺寸或号码的大小，故答案为B。 22．C 【解析】句意：在老师的桌上刚才有一些花,但现在这儿什么也没了。 考查there be句型的用法。there be句型不和have连用，排除 A和D；there be句型的系动词由紧挨be的名词的单复数决定，some flowers为复数形式，nothing为复合不定代词，视作单数，故选C。 23．A 【解析】句意：——这是给你的礼物，生日快乐，宝贝！打开吧。——哇！是一块智能手表？多么惊喜啊！太感谢了，爸爸！surprise是可数名词，意为“惊喜”，其前应用不定冠词a；waste意为“浪费”不符合语境。故选A。What a surprise太令人惊讶了；What a waste真浪费。what引导的感叹句结构形式是：what+（a/an）+ adj.+n. + 主语+谓语+（it is）! 根据题干Thank you so much, Dad! 非常感谢你，爸爸！可知结合选项，应是太令人惊讶了，surprise是可数名词，前面应加a，故答案选A。 24．B 【解析】根据问句的内容why don’t you get her a scarf？表示为什么不给她买，故选答案为B 25．D 【解析】句意：我朋友的妈妈中等身高，她留着短直发。 考查动词辨析。is是；has有。be of medium height“中等身高”，用be动词表示主语的特征；主语My friend’s mother是第三人称单数，由“short straight hair”可知动词用has，表示“留着短直发”。故选D。 26．B 【解析】句意：托比上周赢得了足球比赛。他高兴得在操场上跳来跳去。 考查动词时态。根据“last week”和“He was so happy...”可知此处需使用一般过去时，且是肯定句，表示赢得了比赛。故选B。 27．A 【解析】句意：在火车停下前，不要打开门。 考查祈使句。祈使句的否定形式是在动词原形前加Don’t。故选A。 28．C 【解析】句意：我想一切都准备好了，不是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。在含有“I think”的主从复合句中，反意疑问句部分要看从句的动词，从句动词为is，因此在反义疑问句中用isn’t，从句中everything作主语，附加问句主语代词为it。故选C。 29．C 【解析】句意：保罗告诉你当时房间里没有人，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。本句主语是Paul，反意部分用he，排除AB；反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”原则，主语“Paul told you”是肯定，反意部分用否定。故选C。 30．C 【解析】试题分析：句意：他们是谁？他们是我的父母。第一空问“谁”，因此用who；第二空“父母”应用复数parents，故选C。 31．B 【解析】句意：——为什么你看起来很快乐？——因为中国新年就要到了。 考查特殊疑问句。happy“开心的”，是形容词；happily“开心地”，是副词。句子中有系动词look，变成疑问句需借助助动词do，系动词后加形容词。故选B。 32．B 【解析】句意：——闹钟在哪里？——在桌子上。 考查特殊疑问句。Where哪里；Where’s是哪里；What什么；Who谁。根据答语“On the table”可知，对地点进行提问，且第一句中缺少动词，所以此处应用where’s，故选B。 33．C 【解析】句意：到目前为止，大约有九分之二的关于动物行为的研究已经完成。 考查分数和主谓一致。分数的构成是“子基母序，分子大于一，分母加s”，排除BD；本句主语是research，助动词用has。故选C。 34．D 【解析】句意：“汤姆，不要害怕在公共场合说话。你不再是一个小男孩了。”妈妈说。 考查祈使句的否定形式。根据句意可知，空处所在的句子是祈使句的否定形式，应以don’t开头，后加动词原形be。故选D。 35．B 【解析】句意：杨女士每周六练习一小时舞蹈。看！她正在随着音乐跳舞。 考查动词时态。practises/dances一般现在时；is dancing/is practising现在进行时。根据“on Saturdays”可知第一句用一般现在时；根据“Look”可知第二句用现在进行时，结构为“be doing”。故选B。 36．C 【解析】句意：很多学生喜欢夏天，但是简妮喜欢冬天。 考查动词原形和动词第三人称单数形式的用法。结合选项可知，本句时态为一般现在时，第一个空的主语students是复数名词，因此谓语动词用原形like“喜欢”；第二个空的主语Jenny是单数名词，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式likes“喜欢”。故选C。 37．B 【解析】句意：亨利和他的朋友们每星期日下午打排球。考查主谓一致。A. play动词原形；B. plays三单形式；C. don't play主语是复数谓语动词的否定形式；D. are play错误形式。with：和，介词，其后必须跟名词或代词作其宾语，表示“和……一起”“跟”和……一道等之意。故其后跟人称代词时应用其宾格形式。A with B做主语时，是就远原则，谓语动词看A的形式，A是复数，谓语动词用复数形式，A是单数谓语动词用单数。Henry是第三人称单数可知谓语动词用单数，故选B。 38．D 【解析】句意：我班上有20个女孩，我有两个好朋友。 考查there be结构以及have的用法。第一个句子是there be结构，排除A；根据“I...two good friends of them”可知此处指我“有”两个朋友，用动词have。故选D。 39．B 【解析】试题分析：What什么；Which哪一个；How many多少个；Whose谁的。根据下文，大的那个。可知上文问的是哪一个，故选B，那个机器人是你的，大的还是小的？ 40．B 【解析】句意：——天气怎么样？——多云。 考查情景交际和形容词用法。cloud名词，云；cloudy形容词，多云的；rain名词，雨；rainy形容词，下雨的。问句中“what is the weather like?”是一个常用的句子结构，用来询问天气的状态或情况，like作为介词来引导描述天气状态的信息。答句中be动词is后面需要跟形容词来形容天气的状态，根据句子意思，我们可以使用形容词cloudy来描述阴天的天气。故选B。 41．D 【解析】句意：——你姐姐长什么样？  ——她不高也不矮，而且留着长发。 考查谓语动词。is是；isn’t不是；has有，have的三单形式。根据句中“tall or short”为形容词短语，其中or用于否定句或疑问句，可知本句为否定句，使用isn’t；表示某人有一头长发，主语是she，应使用动词has。故选D。 42．C 【解析】句意：——托尼怎么去学校？——坐公共汽车。 考查特殊疑问词。Why为什么；When什么时候；How怎么样；Where在哪里。根据“By bus.”可知是问怎么去学校，故选C。 43．D 【解析】句意：他不确定要给妈妈买什么生日礼物。 考查宾语从句。分析句式，可知此处是一个宾语从句，其语序应用陈述语序，故排除A、C项（均使用了疑问语序）；根据“was not sure”可知，此处表述的是过去的事情，宾语从句用过去将来时，故选D。 44．A 【解析】句意：——你多久回来？——一周后。 考查特殊疑问句。How soon多久以后；How often多久一次；How long多长；When何时；根据回答“In a week.”可知，是对将来的一段时间提问，此处应用how soon提问，故选A。 45．B 【解析】试题分析：句意：--我已经看过了电影《爸爸，我们去哪儿？》--我也是。我认为它很精彩。分析：so do I , 表示：我也是这样，前一个分句是肯定句的时候用；neither do I表示： 我也是这样，前一个分句是否定句的时候用。联系句意，为肯定形式，因此选择第二项。故选 B 46．B 【解析】句意：——从武汉到长沙有多远？——乘坐高铁大约一个半小时。 考查特殊疑问句。How long多长，是对长度或一段时间的提问；How far多远，是对距离进行提问；How much多少钱，多少，是对价格或不可数名词的数量进行提问；How soon多久，对一段时间之后进行提问。根据答语“It’s about one and a half hours by high-speed train.”可知，上文是对两地间的距离进行提问。故选B。 47．A 【解析】句意：——黄河有多长？——大约是5,464千米长。 考查特殊疑问句。How long多长；How deep多深；How wide多宽；How high多高。根据下面的回答“It is about 5,464 km”，5,464应该是黄河的长度。故选A。 48．D 【解析】句意：——这些是你的衬衫吗？——不，它们不是。 考查代词和be动词用法。根据“shirts”可知，是复数，应用they代指。此处是否定，应用be动词aren’t。故选D。 49．D 【解析】句意： 有很多种食物。 考查there be和形容词短语。many是修饰可数名词复数，所以此处的be动词用are，排除AC选项；many kinds of“很多种”，是固定搭配。故选D。 50．B 【解析】试题分析：句意：在这个房间里椅子的数目是10，，我恐怕在房间的许多椅子丢了。The number of+名词的复数表示…的数目谓语动词用单数；a number of+名词的复数表示许多大量，谓语动词用复数；根据句意，故选B。 二、 51．come 【解析】句意：这个餐厅提供美味的食物。一会儿为什么不回到这里吃晚饭呢？这里用到句型Why not do sth, 故填come。 52．drive 【解析】句意：我怎样才会开车？ 特殊疑问句主语I后面用动词原形，此处用动词drive。故答案为drive。 53．increasing 【解析】句意：我们学校里不同俱乐部的数量每个学期是逐步增加的。 根据句意可知，“我们学校的俱乐部正在增加”，因此句子时态为现在进行时态，构成为“be+动词ing”,动词“increase”的现在分词形式为“increasing”,“is increasing”表示“正在增加”。故填increasing。 54．are 【解析】句意：汤姆和我在七年级四班。本句是一般现在时，“Tom”和“I”是由and连接的并列主语，应用be动词are。故填are。 55．run 【解析】句意：她能跑得和海伦一样快吗？根据分析句子可知，此句是由情态动词Can引导的一般疑问句，结合提示词run是动词，情态动词后要跟动词原形，所以应该填run。故填run。 56．comes 【解析】句意：他一回来，我就把书给他。as soon as“一……就”，引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，根据“I will give the book to him”可知此处应为一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，所以填come的第三人称单数形式。故填comes。 57．has left 【解析】句意：这位音乐家和他的朋友去莫斯科了，所以家里面现在没有人。考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据主谓一致的语法规则，当as well as连接并列主语时，遵循“就前原则”，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致，所以本题谓语动词的数要和the musician保持一致，用单数。又根据后半句可知，家里没有人，他们已经离开了，要用现在完成时：have/has+动词过去分词。leave“离开”，动词，left为其过去分词。故填has left。 58． Is going to do 【解析】句意：韩梅打算做她和双胞胎的家庭作业？根据标点符号可知，此题考查一般疑问句。由主语是Han Mei和第二空后面的提示词“do”意为“做”，结合句意可知，此句考查be going to do sth意为“打算做某事”，并且be动词要用is，位于句首首字母大写，并且going to do填在第二空。故填Is；going to do。 59．Is 【解析】句意：这是你堂弟的妈妈吗？句子的主语是单数形式this，所以be动词也用单数形式，句首首字母大写。故填Is。 60．brushes 【解析】句意：他每天七点刷牙。根据“every day”可知该句应用一般现在时，主语He为第三人称单数，谓语应用动词brush的三单形式brushes。故填brushes。 61．don't have 【解析】句意：吉姆和约翰没有篮球。根据语境可知，本句是一般现在时、否定句，主语Jim and John是复数，助动词用do，其否定式为don't，后接动词原形。故填don't have。 62．are 【解析】句意：一些丢失的书在5A教室里。主语是复数，be动词应用are，故填are。 63． Does shop 【解析】句意：汤米星期天和他父母一起购物吗？主语的中心词有with修饰时，谓语动词与离其最远的主语单复数保持一致，主语Tommy是第三人称，由“on Sundays”可知句子使用一般现在时，一般疑问句需把助动词does提到句首，后面谓语动词用原形。故填Does；shop。 64．hasn’t 【解析】句意：托尼没有给他父亲买巧克力。此句是现在完成时，主语“Tony”第三人称单数，助动词应用has，否定句应是hasn’t+过去分词，故填hasn’t。 65．has passed 【解析】句意：我来这所学校教英语已经两年了。since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，谓语动词由“have/has+过去分词”构成。主语two years是一段时间，是一个整体，看作是第三人称单数，助动词用has，pass的过去分词是passed。故填has passed。 66． Does read 【解析】句意：你爸爸早上看报纸吗？主语是第三人称单数，助动词用does，动词用原形，故填Does；read。 67．Don’t speak 【解析】句意：不要在英语课上说汉语。分析句子结构可知，此处考查祈使句的否定形式，应以“Don’t+动词原形”开头。故填Don’t speak。 68．Are 【解析】句意：——这些是你的铅笔吗？——是的，它们是。由答语“Yes, they are.”可知，问句为以be动词are开头的一般疑问句，句首首字母a要大写。故填Are。 69．has 【解析】句意：她有一些苹果。空后是过去分词got，提示词为have，所以句子应是现在完成时，some提示为肯定句，主语是She，have用三单形式has。故填has。 70．Look 【解析】句意：看这些花。它们是如此美丽！此句是祈使句肯定形式，此空应填动词原形，故填Look。 71．are 【解析】句意：我和哥哥在最后一张照片里。此句是一般现在时，and连接并列主语，be动词用复数形式are，故填are。 72．isn’t/is not 【解析】句意：我妹妹不是警察。句子用一般现在时，主语是My sister，be动词用is，变否定时在be动词后加not，is not=isn’t。故填isn’t/is not。 73．close 【解析】句意：外面在下雨。请把窗户关上。句子是祈使句，以动词原形开头。故填close。 74．trying 【解析】句意：继续努力，你会发现你能更好地记住事情。根据“Keep...and you will find you can remember things better.”可知 keep doing sth“继续做某事”，固定用法。故填 trying。 75．flies 【解析】句意：那位妇女和她的孩子经常在公园里放风筝。fly“飞”，是动词，本句是一般现在时，主语是with前的woman，动词用三单形式，故填flies。 76．doesn’t have 【解析】句意：男孩没有一个足球。原句是含有实义动词“have”的句子，时态为一般现在时。主语“The boy”为单数，依据提供的“not”可知，该句为否定句，要添加助动词does，缩写形式为“doesn’t”，后面用动词原形。故填doesn’t have。 三、 77．an 78．best 79．laugh 80．them 81．differences 82．in 83．once 84．because 85．gave 86．carefully 【解析】】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过第一人称的视角，讲述了作者Mike与他的好朋友Sam之间的友谊、相互的影响以及在学习上互相帮助的故事。 77．句意：我总是认为我的朋友在我的生活中扮演着重要的角色。根据“play … important role”可知，此处是指扮演一个重要的角色，应用不定冠词表泛指，且“important”是以元音音素开头的单词，应用an修饰。故填an。 78．句意：萨姆是我最好的朋友之一。根据“one of my … friends”可知，此处是指他是我最好的朋友之一，考查one of the/形容词性物主代词+形容词的最高级+名词复数“最……之一”，固定搭配，因此这里应用形容词good的最高级best“最好的”，在句中作定语，修饰名词“friends”。故填best。 79．句意：他非常有趣，经常逗我笑。根据空前“makes me”可知，此处考查make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，因此这里动词laugh“笑”应用原形。故填laugh。 80．句意：有时他甚至编造一些故事讲给其他同学听。根据“tell … to other classmates”可知，此处是指把故事讲给其他同学听，应用人称代词主格they的宾格形式them“它们”，在句中作动词“tell”的宾语。故填them。 81．句意：尽管我们有很多不同，但我们相处得很好。根据“have a lot of …”可知，此处是指有很多的不同，应用形容词different的名词形式difference“不同之处，差异”，可数名词，这里应用名词的复数形式differences。故填differences。 82．句意：他总是能激发出我最好的一面。根据“brings out the best … me”可知，此处考查bring out the best in sb.“把某人最好的一面表现出来”，固定搭配。故填in。 83．句意：我们每周下课后打一次棒球，每周去三次图书馆。根据空后“a week”可知，此处是指一周一次，应将one改为once“一次”，副词。故填once。 84．句意：我们从不上网，因为我们都认为这对我们的学习不好。分析句子结构可知，前后两句为因果关系，即前果后因，应用because引导从句。故填because。 85．句意：萨姆给了我很多帮助。根据语境可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式gave。故填gave。 86．句意：“下次你需要非常仔细地考虑答案，”他说。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词careful的副词形式carefully“仔细地”，在句中作状语，修饰动词“think”。故填carefully。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$