11.动词语态-2025年中考英语一轮复习语法基础与巩固(通用版)

11 动词语态 ( 真题回顾 ) 单项选择 1．（2024·海南）To protect the environment, more and more trees ________ in our country every year A．have planted B．plant C．are planted 2．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨）I feel proud that Chinese ________ by the most people in the world. A．is saying B．is spoken C．speaks 3．（2024·江苏南通）—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival. —I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business. A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．held 4．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特）In Chinese culture, children born in the Year of the Monkey ________ to be smart. A．say B．is said C．says D．are said 5．（2024·山东菏泽）—More and more young people like to wear Hanfu. —Yes. It’s said that most of the Chinese traditional clothes ________ in Heze, Shandong. A．are producing B．will produce C．are produced 6．（2024·江苏宿迁）—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week. —Great! I’m looking forward to it! A．holds B．is held C．was held D．will be held 7．（2024·北京）Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world these days. A．speaks B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 8．（2024·四川乐山）—There has been less and less pollution in Leshan these years. —The government has made a great effort on it. I’m sure this problem ______ one day in the future. A．was solved B．solves C．will be solved 9．（2024·甘肃临夏）Many trees ________ every year to protect the environment. A．plant B．are planted C．were planted D．have planted 10．（2024·天津）Lao She wrote many plays and he _________ “the People’s Artist”. A．names B．named C．was named D．has named 11．（2024·河北）Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A．reads B．read C．is read D．was read 12．（2024·福建）The photos are beautiful. I wonder where they ________. A．will be taken B．are taking C．were taken 13．（2024·江西）Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A．was asked B．asked C．is asked D．asks 14．（2024·云南）Chinese ________ by more and more people in the world these days. A．speak B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 15．（2024·四川凉山）—Do you know the Spring Festival became a UN Floating Holiday in 2024? —Yes. The Spring Festival ______ widely in the world nowadays. A．is celebrated B．was celebrated C．will be celebrated 16．（2024·四川达州）—Bob, your room is so dirty. It must ________ every day. —OK. Mom, I’ll do it right now. A．clean B．be cleaned C．is cleaned 17．（2024·江苏连云港）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 18．（2024·四川泸州）—Tom, the high-speed railway (高铁) connecting Luzhou with Chongqing ______ this year hopefully. — Amazing! I’m looking forward to it! A．completes B．is completed C．was completed D．will be completed 19．（2024·四川成都）What exciting news! The 2025 World Games ________ in Chengdu. A．was held B．is held C．will be held 20．（2023·湖南湘西）The Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship (载人飞船) ________ on May 30 this year. A．was sent B．send C．sent 21．（2023·辽宁鞍山）—The traffic is more convenient than before. —Yes. Another bridge ________ over this river last year. A．is built B．was built C．builds D．will be built 22．（2023·辽宁朝阳）—Quite a lot of endangered animals ________ in nature parks every year. —That’s great! Animals are our friends. A．protect B．were protected C．are protected D．protected 23．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特）—Did you enjoy the party last night? —Yes, we ________ well by our hosts. A．treated B．treat C．were treated D．are treated 24．（2023·湖南邵阳）—Ben, who is the boy in blue in the picture? —It’s my brother. The picture ________ five years ago. A．take B．is taken C．was taken 25．（2023·北京）The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers ________ every year. A．are planted B．were planted C．plant D．planted ( 考点清单 ) 一、各种时态的被动语态的构成 　　被动语态是由“be+过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态通过be动词的变化来体现。be动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。常见的被动结构有: 常用时态 被动结构 一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 一般将来时 will/shall+ be+过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are + being+过去分词 过去进行时 was/were + being+过去分词 现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词 过去完成时 had +been+过去分词 含情态动词 can/may/must/. . . + be+过去分词 English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。 He was given a gold watch yesterday. 昨天他得到了一块金表。 A new road will be built next year. 明年将修建一条新路。 Jim’s homework has been finished. 吉姆的作业已经完成了。 【知识图解】 二、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1. 主动语态变被动语态“三步骤” (1)宾变主:主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; (2)变谓语:主动语态的谓语动词变为与被动语态的主语保持一致的被动结构; (3)主变宾:主动语态的主语变为“by+宾语”并置于被动语态的句末。“by+宾语”在口语中常省略。 如下图所示 2. 主动语态变为被动语态的两个特殊点 含双宾语的主动句变被动句 常把间接宾语变为被动句的主语,直接宾语位置不变 直接宾语作被动句的主语时,间接宾语前有时加介词to或for 含复合宾语的主动句变被动句 由形容词、名词作宾语补足语的主动句变被动句时,只需将宾语变为主语 在主动句中,不定式用作动词一感(feel),二听(hear、listen to),三让(have、make、let),四看(look at、see、notice、watch),半帮助(help)等的宾语补足语时,需省略不定式符号“to”,但变为被动句时,必须加上“to” ( 突破练习 ) 一、单项选择 1．Explosives _________ roads, railways and tunnels. A．are used to build B．used to build C．are used to building D．used to building 2． ________of the relaxing time for Chinese people every day ________in watching TV. A．Two thirds; are spent B．Two thirds; is spent C．Two third; are spent D．Two third; is spent 3．The mountain bike was in California and later on spread to other places. A．discovered B．fetched C．found D．invented 4．—Good news! Suzhou Rail Transit Line 6 ________ to be put into use soon. —That’s great! It will be easier to get to Suzhou Museum. A．expects B．is expected C．is expecting D．will expect 5．Waste water ____________________into Xiang River.It’s our duty to keep it clean. A．shouldn’t be poured B．mustn’t pour C．can’t pour 6．In our English class, many chances ________ to students to show themselves. A．offer B．are offered C．offered D．are offering 7．—Your city looks beautiful! —Yes. Lots of trees and grass ______ last year. A．are planted B．have planted C．were planting D．were planted 8．The traffic is so busy in our city that more new roads __________. A．should be built B．should build C．have built D．build 9．I ________ to have a trip to Changbai Mountain last week. A．was invited B．invited C．is invited D．invite 10．A year is usually _________four seasons. A．divided into B．divide into C．divided from D．divide from 11．A lot of trees around here every year and we can enjoy fresher hair now. A．plant B．is planted C．were planted D．are planted 12．—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. —I’m sorry, but I ________ when to leave. A．don’t tell B．haven’t told C．wasn’t told D．didn’t tell 13．Chengdu is a greener city now because more and more trees ________ every spring. A．were planted B．are planted C．will be planted. 14．The Silk Road is mainly built for business. Many Chinese things ________ to western countries through it. A．are sold B．are selling C．were sold D．were selling 15．— Do you think teenagers ____to make their own decisions. — No, I don’t agree with you. They’re too young to do that. A．encourage B．are encouraging C．are encouraged D．were encouraged 16．The teacher says our classroom every day. A．must cleaned B．should be cleaned C．will clean 17．The fish ______ in the market tomorrow. A．will sell B．will sold C．will be sold D．will been sold 18．The tea is ________ on the sides of mountains by farmers. A．planting B．planted C．plants 19．There________a heavy rain in the north of China tomorrow. A．will have B．will has C．will be D．has 20．Shui Qingxia, coach of China’s Women Football Team, ________ with the 2022 National Labor Medal for her achievement. A．is presented B．presents C．presented D．was presented 21．Professor Smith ________ to help the students solve the problems every term. A．is invited B．was invited C．invites D．invited 22． I hear that the play _____ at the theatre next week. A．will show B．is shown C．was shown D．will be shown 23．The noisy boy ______stand up by a teacher. A．was made B．was made to C．made D．made to 24．Don’t worry. Your birthday cake ________ here in a while. A．is sent B．was sent C．will be sent D．are sent 25．—After watching the 3·15 news, I am worried about the food safety in our society. —More actions ________ to solve the problem in the future. A．were taken B．are taking C．will be taken 26．—Claudia, are you going to Jeff’s birthday party on Saturday? —Unless I ________. A．will be invited B．am invited C．was inviting D．invited 27．In the meeting last night, the teachers ________ not to use mobile phones. A．ask B．asked C．are asked D．were asked 28．—The little boy ________ to laugh by the funny story. —What a funny story! A．makes B．made C．was made 29．Some questions _______at their class meeting last week. A．raised B．rose C．were risen D．were raised 30．These modern medical machines ________ treat patients in hospital. A．are used to B．used to C．are used for D．use to 31．I learnt to swim when I was six. I ___________ by my mother. A．am taught B．was taught C．will be taught D．have taught 32．The old ________ well. A．looks after B．must be looked after C．must look after D．looked after 33．The story book _________ for two weeks . A．has been borrowed B．has borrowed C．has been kept D．has kept 34．The children last near the river at 5 p. m. yesterday. A．were; seen playing B．did; see playing C．were; seen play D．did; see play 35．The sports meeting was ________ because of a bad storm that hit the city. A．given off B．taken off C．set off D．put off 36．I’ve tasted lots of delicious food, ________ what I like best is the dishes ________ by Mum. A．and；cooking B．but；cooked C．or；to cook 37．Some new parks ________ near our home next year. A．build B．built C．are built D．will be built 38．—Our school is beautiful!                 —It will be more beautiful if more trees and grass ________ by us. A．plant B．is planted C．are planted D．will be planted 39．Now more and more teenagers in this city ________ to do volunteering work for the coming Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games. A．is encouraged B．were encouraged C．was encouraged D．are encouraged 40．—Can you go to the movies with me tonight? —I've to ask my mom. If I ________，I'll go with you. A．Allow B．allowed C．am allowed D．was allowed 41．This kind of robot _____help people do dangerous work. A．used to B．was used to C．used for D．was used for 42．—Great changes have taken place in our city. —Yes. It's said that another new road________in the north of the city next month. A．build B．will build C．will be built D．has been built 43．Yancheng is a greener city now because more and more trees ________ every spring. A．were planted B．are planted C．will be planted D．plant 44．If I ________ to go abroad, I will go to Australia. A．allow B．will allow C．am allowed D．was allowed 45．—I'm not sure ________. Do you know? —In 1876, I think. A．when the telephone was invented B．when was the telephone invented C．when did the telephone invent D．when the telephone invented 46．— ________ the sports meet might be put off. —Yes, it all depends on the weather. A．I’ve been told B．I’ve told C．I’m told D．I told 47．Amy is glad that she ________ for her honesty at that meeting. A．praises B．praised C．is praised D．was praised 48．Jack ________ because he fought with his classmates. A．punishes B．is punished C．punished D．was punished 49．—How beautiful your hometown is! —Yes, trees and flowers _______ everywhere. A．can be seen B．can see C．be seen D．can’t see 50．—Mum，can I play computer games for a while? —If your homework ________，you can. A．does B．did C．is done D．has done 二、单词拼写 51．Can the book be (bring) back to my room? 52．The football match is (hold) in our city every year. 53．—Will Mary go to the fashion show on Sunday afternoon? —Of course she will if she (choose) to be the host. 54．Homework should (do) on time. 55．The Spring Festival, one of the traditional Chinese Festivals, was officially as a United Nations holiday in December, 2023. (list) 56．The book written by Mo Yan (translate) in 2014. 57．This new movie is so interesting that it is by millions of people.（love） 58．Don’t throw those plastic bottles! They can be . (recycle) 59．Nowadays, this book (sell) well. 60．A bridge should (build) over the river. 61．Your feeling is easily by traveling. （influence） 62．Mark was the only student that was   (choose) to attend the meeting. 63．We’re going to hold a party to welcome the new exchange students on Friday afternoon and Lin Ling and Wu Peng are (choose) to be the hosts. 64．The government is trying to prevent the wild animals from (kill). 65．The walls of his room (paint) blue last month to help him sleep well. 66．The room (look) very clean. It (clean). 67．The best rice (grow) in our city. 68．The miners alive when the tunnel collapsed. (bury) 69．On April 4th this year, people all over China (ask) to join in three minutes’ silence to pay respect to the victims of the pandemic. 70．When we were young, we (teach) to treat older people with respect. 71．When I was young, we (teach) to treat older people with respect. 72．As we all known, the 2024 Olympics in Paris, France. (hold) 73．—Excuse me. When can we go out for a trip by car?      —Not until our car (repair). 74．Alice, as well as her brothers, (see) (play) basketball in the park at 5 p.m. yesterday. 75．The fruit should (keep) in the fridge at once. 76．The blind and the deaf mustn’t (laugh) at by anybody. 77．— Sir, when can we have two days off? — Not until your task (complete) tomorrow. 78．The story of him was so that all of us .(touch) 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式且不超过三个词。 Food is important to our health. In order to have 79 strong body, everyone needs to eat well. There’s also a kind of food important to our minds. It is called knowledge. We begin to get knowledge 80 a very young age. Everything seems to be 81 (interest) to the small children. In fact, they are learning something 82 they are watching and listening. As they get 83 (old), they often develop a fondness for reading books. And when they find something new, they are eager to ask why and try to find out answers. Through this, they form their own ideas and question the world around them 84 (deep) than before. What is 85 (good) way to get knowledge? If we learn by 86 (we), we will get the most knowledge. If we are always getting answers from others and do not ask why, we will never learn well. In a word, study is a personal thing and we should always do what we can 87 (improve) little by little. When we study in the right way, we will surely understand better and enjoy 88 (learn) more. ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 11 动词语态 ( 真题回顾 ) 单项选择 1．（2024·海南）To protect the environment, more and more trees ________ in our country every year A．have planted B．plant C．are planted 2．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨）I feel proud that Chinese ________ by the most people in the world. A．is saying B．is spoken C．speaks 3．（2024·江苏南通）—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival. —I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business. A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．held 4．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特）In Chinese culture, children born in the Year of the Monkey ________ to be smart. A．say B．is said C．says D．are said 5．（2024·山东菏泽）—More and more young people like to wear Hanfu. —Yes. It’s said that most of the Chinese traditional clothes ________ in Heze, Shandong. A．are producing B．will produce C．are produced 6．（2024·江苏宿迁）—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week. —Great! I’m looking forward to it! A．holds B．is held C．was held D．will be held 7．（2024·北京）Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world these days. A．speaks B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 8．（2024·四川乐山）—There has been less and less pollution in Leshan these years. —The government has made a great effort on it. I’m sure this problem ______ one day in the future. A．was solved B．solves C．will be solved 9．（2024·甘肃临夏）Many trees ________ every year to protect the environment. A．plant B．are planted C．were planted D．have planted 10．（2024·天津）Lao She wrote many plays and he _________ “the People’s Artist”. A．names B．named C．was named D．has named 11．（2024·河北）Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A．reads B．read C．is read D．was read 12．（2024·福建）The photos are beautiful. I wonder where they ________. A．will be taken B．are taking C．were taken 13．（2024·江西）Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A．was asked B．asked C．is asked D．asks 14．（2024·云南）Chinese ________ by more and more people in the world these days. A．speak B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 15．（2024·四川凉山）—Do you know the Spring Festival became a UN Floating Holiday in 2024? —Yes. The Spring Festival ______ widely in the world nowadays. A．is celebrated B．was celebrated C．will be celebrated 16．（2024·四川达州）—Bob, your room is so dirty. It must ________ every day. —OK. Mom, I’ll do it right now. A．clean B．be cleaned C．is cleaned 17．（2024·江苏连云港）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 18．（2024·四川泸州）—Tom, the high-speed railway (高铁) connecting Luzhou with Chongqing ______ this year hopefully. — Amazing! I’m looking forward to it! A．completes B．is completed C．was completed D．will be completed 19．（2024·四川成都）What exciting news! The 2025 World Games ________ in Chengdu. A．was held B．is held C．will be held 20．（2023·湖南湘西）The Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship (载人飞船) ________ on May 30 this year. A．was sent B．send C．sent 21．（2023·辽宁鞍山）—The traffic is more convenient than before. —Yes. Another bridge ________ over this river last year. A．is built B．was built C．builds D．will be built 22．（2023·辽宁朝阳）—Quite a lot of endangered animals ________ in nature parks every year. —That’s great! Animals are our friends. A．protect B．were protected C．are protected D．protected 23．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特）—Did you enjoy the party last night? —Yes, we ________ well by our hosts. A．treated B．treat C．were treated D．are treated 24．（2023·湖南邵阳）—Ben, who is the boy in blue in the picture? —It’s my brother. The picture ________ five years ago. A．take B．is taken C．was taken 25．（2023·北京）The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers ________ every year. A．are planted B．were planted C．plant D．planted 参考答案： 1．C 【解析】句意：为了保护环境，在我们国家每年有越来越多的树被种植。 考查被动语态。trees和plant之间是被动关系，即“树被种植”，所以要用被动语态be done的形式。选项C是一般现在时的被动语态。根据“every year”可知要用一般现在时，所以应选are planted。故选C。 2．B 【解析】句意：我为中文是世界上最多人说的语言而感到自豪。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据主语“Chinese”和谓语动词的关系可知，中文作为语言是被说的，应用被动语态；句子陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时被动语态“is spoken”。故选B。 3．C 【解析】句意：——太可惜了！像你这样的乐迷没有去南通音乐节。——我知道这是几周前举行的。但我是出差。 考查时态和语态。主语it指代“南通音乐节”，和谓语hold“举办”之间是被动关系，根据“several weeks ago”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选C。 4．D 【解析】句意：在中国文化中，猴年出生的孩子被认为很聪明。 考查时态和语态。句子主语是children，和谓语say之间是被动关系，用被动语态，be said to“据说”，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故选D。 5．C 【解析】句意：——越来越多的年轻人喜欢穿汉服。——是的。据说大部分中国传统服装都产自山东菏泽。 考查被动语态。主语“most of the Chinese traditional clothes”和动词“produce”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态(be done)。故选C。 6．D 【解析】句意：——下周我们学校大礼堂将举办一场时装秀。——太棒了！我很期待。 考查时态和语态。主语A fashion show和谓语hold之间是被动关系，根据“next week”可知此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选D。 7．C 【解析】句意：如今，世界上越来越多的人说汉语。 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，主语“Chinese”和动词speak之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除选项A和B选项；根据时间状语“these days”及句意可知，此处描述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时。故选C。 8．C 【解析】句意：——这些年来，乐山的污染越来越少。——政府在这方面做了很大的努力。我相信这个问题未来总有一天会得到解决。 考查动词时态。此处主语“this problem”与“解决”之间应是被动关系，且结合“in the future”可知是指未来，因此此处需用一般将来时的被动语态，形式为will be done。故选C。 9．B 【解析】句意：为了保护环境，每年都要种很多树。 考查被动语态。分析题干可知，主语trees和动词plant“种植”之间是被动关系，结合“every year”可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 10．C 【解析】句意：老舍写了很多戏剧，被评为“人民艺术家”。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，此处指老舍被称为“人民艺术家”，主语he和谓语name之间是被动关系，应为被动语态，结构是be done。故选C。 11．D 【解析】句意：当艾玛的作品在课堂上被当作模范朗读时，她很兴奋。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“Emma got excited”可知，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态were/was done。故选D。 12．C 【解析】句意：照片很漂亮。我想知道它们在哪里拍的。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 13．A 【解析】句意：在采访中被问及最喜欢的音乐时，泰德更喜欢流行音乐。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。 14．C 【解析】句意：现在世界上讲汉语的人越来越多了。 考查一般现在时被动语态。句中的主语Chinese和speak是动宾关系，故用被动。根据“these days”可知，时态是一般现在时，一般现在时被动语态结构为am/is/are done，主语为Chinese，be动词用is。故选C。 15．A 【解析】句意：——你知道春节在2024年成为联合国的浮动假日吗？——是的。如今，全世界都在广泛庆祝春节。 考查一般现在时被动语态。根据“nowadays”可知，此处用一般现在时，主语与动词celebrate之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时被动语态，故选A。 16．B 【解析】句意：——鲍勃，你的房间太脏了。必须每天清扫一下。——好的。妈妈，我现在就去。 考查含情态动词的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态be done，must后用动词原形，故选B。 17．D 【解析】句意：2023年亚运会期间，机器狗首次被用作志愿者。 考查时态和语态。主语Robot dogs和谓语use之间是被动关系，根据“during the 2023 Asian Games.”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。 18．D 【解析】句意：——汤姆，连接泸州和重庆的高速铁路有望在今年建成。——太棒了！我很期待！ 考查动词时态及被动语态。主语the high-speed railway与动词complete之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，高铁被建成，应为被动语态。根据“this year hopefully”及“I’m looking forward to it!”可知，高铁建成发生在将来，故此处是一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 19．C 【解析】句意：多么令人兴奋的消息！2025年世界运动会将在成都举行。 考查被动语态。根据“The 2025 World Games”可知，2025年世界运动会的举行发生在将来，此处应为一般将来时的被动语态，结构是will be done。故选C。 20．A 【解析】句意：今年5月30日，神舟十六号载人飞船升空。 考查被动语态。主语The Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship和谓语send“发送”之间是被动关系，用被动语态be done。故选A。 21．B 【解析】句意：——交通比以前更方便了。——是的。去年在这条河上又建了一座桥。 考查被动语态。主语Another bridge和谓语build之间是被动关系，根据“last year”可知句子用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选B。 22．C 【解析】句意：——每年有相当多的濒危动物在自然公园受到保护。——太好了！动物是我们的朋友。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“every year”可知，此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 23．C 【解析】句意：——你喜欢昨晚的聚会吗？——是的，我们受到了主人很好的招待。 考查被动语态。主语we和动词treat“款待”之间是被动关系，结合前句可知应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。 24．C 【解析】句意：——Ben，照片上穿蓝衣服的男孩是谁？——这是我哥哥。这张照片是五年前拍的。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“five years ago”可知，应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 25．A 【解析】句意：这个公园变得越来越美丽因为每年都有更多种花被种。 考查时态和语态。主语“more kinds of flowers”与动词plant之间是动宾关系，结合“every year”可知用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/are done。故选A。 ( 考点清单 ) 一、各种时态的被动语态的构成 　　被动语态是由“be+过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态通过be动词的变化来体现。be动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。常见的被动结构有: 常用时态 被动结构 一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 一般将来时 will/shall+ be+过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are + being+过去分词 过去进行时 was/were + being+过去分词 现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词 过去完成时 had +been+过去分词 含情态动词 can/may/must/. . . + be+过去分词 English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。 He was given a gold watch yesterday. 昨天他得到了一块金表。 A new road will be built next year. 明年将修建一条新路。 Jim’s homework has been finished. 吉姆的作业已经完成了。 【知识图解】 二、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1. 主动语态变被动语态“三步骤” (1)宾变主:主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; (2)变谓语:主动语态的谓语动词变为与被动语态的主语保持一致的被动结构; (3)主变宾:主动语态的主语变为“by+宾语”并置于被动语态的句末。“by+宾语”在口语中常省略。 如下图所示 2. 主动语态变为被动语态的两个特殊点 含双宾语的主动句变被动句 常把间接宾语变为被动句的主语,直接宾语位置不变 直接宾语作被动句的主语时,间接宾语前有时加介词to或for 含复合宾语的主动句变被动句 由形容词、名词作宾语补足语的主动句变被动句时,只需将宾语变为主语 在主动句中,不定式用作动词一感(feel),二听(hear、listen to),三让(have、make、let),四看(look at、see、notice、watch),半帮助(help)等的宾语补足语时,需省略不定式符号“to”,但变为被动句时,必须加上“to” ( 突破练习 ) 一、单项选择 1．Explosives _________ roads, railways and tunnels. A．are used to build B．used to build C．are used to building D．used to building 2． ________of the relaxing time for Chinese people every day ________in watching TV. A．Two thirds; are spent B．Two thirds; is spent C．Two third; are spent D．Two third; is spent 3．The mountain bike was in California and later on spread to other places. A．discovered B．fetched C．found D．invented 4．—Good news! Suzhou Rail Transit Line 6 ________ to be put into use soon. —That’s great! It will be easier to get to Suzhou Museum. A．expects B．is expected C．is expecting D．will expect 5．Waste water ____________________into Xiang River.It’s our duty to keep it clean. A．shouldn’t be poured B．mustn’t pour C．can’t pour 6．In our English class, many chances ________ to students to show themselves. A．offer B．are offered C．offered D．are offering 7．—Your city looks beautiful! —Yes. Lots of trees and grass ______ last year. A．are planted B．have planted C．were planting D．were planted 8．The traffic is so busy in our city that more new roads __________. A．should be built B．should build C．have built D．build 9．I ________ to have a trip to Changbai Mountain last week. A．was invited B．invited C．is invited D．invite 10．A year is usually _________four seasons. A．divided into B．divide into C．divided from D．divide from 11．A lot of trees around here every year and we can enjoy fresher hair now. A．plant B．is planted C．were planted D．are planted 12．—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. —I’m sorry, but I ________ when to leave. A．don’t tell B．haven’t told C．wasn’t told D．didn’t tell 13．Chengdu is a greener city now because more and more trees ________ every spring. A．were planted B．are planted C．will be planted. 14．The Silk Road is mainly built for business. Many Chinese things ________ to western countries through it. A．are sold B．are selling C．were sold D．were selling 15．— Do you think teenagers ____to make their own decisions. — No, I don’t agree with you. They’re too young to do that. A．encourage B．are encouraging C．are encouraged D．were encouraged 16．The teacher says our classroom every day. A．must cleaned B．should be cleaned C．will clean 17．The fish ______ in the market tomorrow. A．will sell B．will sold C．will be sold D．will been sold 18．The tea is ________ on the sides of mountains by farmers. A．planting B．planted C．plants 19．There________a heavy rain in the north of China tomorrow. A．will have B．will has C．will be D．has 20．Shui Qingxia, coach of China’s Women Football Team, ________ with the 2022 National Labor Medal for her achievement. A．is presented B．presents C．presented D．was presented 21．Professor Smith ________ to help the students solve the problems every term. A．is invited B．was invited C．invites D．invited 22． I hear that the play _____ at the theatre next week. A．will show B．is shown C．was shown D．will be shown 23．The noisy boy ______stand up by a teacher. A．was made B．was made to C．made D．made to 24．Don’t worry. Your birthday cake ________ here in a while. A．is sent B．was sent C．will be sent D．are sent 25．—After watching the 3·15 news, I am worried about the food safety in our society. —More actions ________ to solve the problem in the future. A．were taken B．are taking C．will be taken 26．—Claudia, are you going to Jeff’s birthday party on Saturday? —Unless I ________. A．will be invited B．am invited C．was inviting D．invited 27．In the meeting last night, the teachers ________ not to use mobile phones. A．ask B．asked C．are asked D．were asked 28．—The little boy ________ to laugh by the funny story. —What a funny story! A．makes B．made C．was made 29．Some questions _______at their class meeting last week. A．raised B．rose C．were risen D．were raised 30．These modern medical machines ________ treat patients in hospital. A．are used to B．used to C．are used for D．use to 31．I learnt to swim when I was six. I ___________ by my mother. A．am taught B．was taught C．will be taught D．have taught 32．The old ________ well. A．looks after B．must be looked after C．must look after D．looked after 33．The story book _________ for two weeks . A．has been borrowed B．has borrowed C．has been kept D．has kept 34．The children last near the river at 5 p. m. yesterday. A．were; seen playing B．did; see playing C．were; seen play D．did; see play 35．The sports meeting was ________ because of a bad storm that hit the city. A．given off B．taken off C．set off D．put off 36．I’ve tasted lots of delicious food, ________ what I like best is the dishes ________ by Mum. A．and；cooking B．but；cooked C．or；to cook 37．Some new parks ________ near our home next year. A．build B．built C．are built D．will be built 38．—Our school is beautiful!                 —It will be more beautiful if more trees and grass ________ by us. A．plant B．is planted C．are planted D．will be planted 39．Now more and more teenagers in this city ________ to do volunteering work for the coming Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games. A．is encouraged B．were encouraged C．was encouraged D．are encouraged 40．—Can you go to the movies with me tonight? —I've to ask my mom. If I ________，I'll go with you. A．Allow B．allowed C．am allowed D．was allowed 41．This kind of robot _____help people do dangerous work. A．used to B．was used to C．used for D．was used for 42．—Great changes have taken place in our city. —Yes. It's said that another new road________in the north of the city next month. A．build B．will build C．will be built D．has been built 43．Yancheng is a greener city now because more and more trees ________ every spring. A．were planted B．are planted C．will be planted D．plant 44．If I ________ to go abroad, I will go to Australia. A．allow B．will allow C．am allowed D．was allowed 45．—I'm not sure ________. Do you know? —In 1876, I think. A．when the telephone was invented B．when was the telephone invented C．when did the telephone invent D．when the telephone invented 46．— ________ the sports meet might be put off. —Yes, it all depends on the weather. A．I’ve been told B．I’ve told C．I’m told D．I told 47．Amy is glad that she ________ for her honesty at that meeting. A．praises B．praised C．is praised D．was praised 48．Jack ________ because he fought with his classmates. A．punishes B．is punished C．punished D．was punished 49．—How beautiful your hometown is! —Yes, trees and flowers _______ everywhere. A．can be seen B．can see C．be seen D．can’t see 50．—Mum，can I play computer games for a while? —If your homework ________，you can. A．does B．did C．is done D．has done 二、单词拼写 51．Can the book be (bring) back to my room? 52．The football match is (hold) in our city every year. 53．—Will Mary go to the fashion show on Sunday afternoon? —Of course she will if she (choose) to be the host. 54．Homework should (do) on time. 55．The Spring Festival, one of the traditional Chinese Festivals, was officially as a United Nations holiday in December, 2023. (list) 56．The book written by Mo Yan (translate) in 2014. 57．This new movie is so interesting that it is by millions of people.（love） 58．Don’t throw those plastic bottles! They can be . (recycle) 59．Nowadays, this book (sell) well. 60．A bridge should (build) over the river. 61．Your feeling is easily by traveling. （influence） 62．Mark was the only student that was   (choose) to attend the meeting. 63．We’re going to hold a party to welcome the new exchange students on Friday afternoon and Lin Ling and Wu Peng are (choose) to be the hosts. 64．The government is trying to prevent the wild animals from (kill). 65．The walls of his room (paint) blue last month to help him sleep well. 66．The room (look) very clean. It (clean). 67．The best rice (grow) in our city. 68．The miners alive when the tunnel collapsed. (bury) 69．On April 4th this year, people all over China (ask) to join in three minutes’ silence to pay respect to the victims of the pandemic. 70．When we were young, we (teach) to treat older people with respect. 71．When I was young, we (teach) to treat older people with respect. 72．As we all known, the 2024 Olympics in Paris, France. (hold) 73．—Excuse me. When can we go out for a trip by car?      —Not until our car (repair). 74．Alice, as well as her brothers, (see) (play) basketball in the park at 5 p.m. yesterday. 75．The fruit should (keep) in the fridge at once. 76．The blind and the deaf mustn’t (laugh) at by anybody. 77．— Sir, when can we have two days off? — Not until your task (complete) tomorrow. 78．The story of him was so that all of us .(touch) 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式且不超过三个词。 Food is important to our health. In order to have 79 strong body, everyone needs to eat well. There’s also a kind of food important to our minds. It is called knowledge. We begin to get knowledge 80 a very young age. Everything seems to be 81 (interest) to the small children. In fact, they are learning something 82 they are watching and listening. As they get 83 (old), they often develop a fondness for reading books. And when they find something new, they are eager to ask why and try to find out answers. Through this, they form their own ideas and question the world around them 84 (deep) than before. What is 85 (good) way to get knowledge? If we learn by 86 (we), we will get the most knowledge. If we are always getting answers from others and do not ask why, we will never learn well. In a word, study is a personal thing and we should always do what we can 87 (improve) little by little. When we study in the right way, we will surely understand better and enjoy 88 (learn) more. 参考答案 一、 1．A 【解析】句意：炸药被用来建造道路、铁路和隧道。 考查被动语态用法。are used to build被用来建造；used to build过去建造；are used to building习惯于建造。根据主语“Explosives”及句意分析可知，应该用被动语态。be used to do“被用来做某事”。故选A。 2．B 【解析】试题分析：句意为：中国人每天有2/3的休闲时间花在看电视上。英语中分数的表达为：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，序数词应加s。由于本句主语是“time（时间）”，是动作的承受者，应用被动语态，故选B。 考点：考查序数词及被动语态。 3．D 【解析】句意：这辆山地车是在加利福尼亚发明的，后来传到了其他地方。 A.发现；B.获取；C.找到；D.发明。根据空前The mountain bike was 可知，主语是物，此句是一般过去时态的被动语态，discover 意思是发现,是本来存在但是人们不知道的东西被发现了；find意思是找到,本来丢了的东西重新出现；invent意思是发明,本来没有的东西,发明出来。根据句意可知，此空是.发明的意思，应填invented，故选D。 4．B 【解析】句意：——好消息！苏州轨道交通6号线预计不久将投入使用。——太好了！去苏州博物馆将更容易了。 考查时态和语态。本句主语“Suzhou Rail Transit Line 6”与谓语动词有逻辑上的动宾关系，结合expect“期望”本身暗含将来，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态“is/ am/are done”表达，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选B。 5．A 【解析】试题分析：句意：废水不应该被倒进湘江，保持它干净是我们的责任。动作的承受者作主语用被动语态。其结构是，主语+be+done。根据句意，故选A。 考点：考查被动语态的用法。 6．B 【解析】句意：在我们的英语课上，给学生提供了很多展示自己的机会。 考查被动语态。句子主语chances与动词offer之间是被动关系，此处用被动语态，陈述一般情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。 7．D 【解析】句意：——你们的城市看起来很漂亮!——是的。去年种了许多树和草。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据last year可知，句子用一般过去时；主语trees and grass与动词plant之间是被动关系，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 8．A 【解析】句意：我们城市的交通如此繁忙，应该修建更多的新路。 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。“more new roads”是动词“build”的承受者，应用被动语态；含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be+过去分词。故选A。 9．A 【解析】句意：我上周受邀去长白山旅行了。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语“last week”可知，此处需用一般过去时；结合选项可知，此处应是“invite” 的某种形式充当谓语，又因主语“I”和“invite”之间为被动关系，所以，此处谓语应为一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。 10．A 【解析】句意：一年通常被分为四季。 考查被动语态。根据给出的选项可知，主语“A year”可知主语和谓语动词divide之间为被动关系，排除B和D；be divided into“被分为”为固定搭配。故选A。 11．D 【解析】句意：每年这儿周围种植很多树，现在我们就能够享受更新鲜的空气了。 主语是trees是谓语plant的承受者，用被动语态，动词用过去分词：planted；由句中关键词every year，可知本题用一般现在时态。所以选D。 12．C 【解析】句意：——苏珊，你怎么还在这儿？他们都准备好出发了。——对不起，我没有被告诉什么时候出发。 考查被动语态。A. don’t tell（一般现在时、主动语态）；. haven’t told（现在完成时、主动语态）；C. wasn’t told（一般过去时、被动语态）；D. didn’t tell（一般过去时、主动语态）； 从文字表层意思推断没有人告诉苏珊什么时间出发；主语I指代苏珊，是动作的承受者，判断空格用被动语态，事前没有被告知出发时间，时态用一般过去时；故选C。 13．B 【解析】试题分析：句意：成都现在是一个绿色城市，因为每年春天越来越多的树木被种植。根据时间状语every spring可知此处用一般现在时，结合句意，主语trees与谓语动词plant之间是被动关系，故此处用现在被动形式。故选B。 14．A 【解析】句意：丝绸之路主要是为商业而建的。许多中国的东西都是通过它卖到西方国家的。 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，“Many Chinese things”和“sell”构成被动关系，而根据“The Silk Road is mainly built for business.”可知，该句为一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are+动词过去分词”，主语为复数，be动词用are，故选A。 15．C 【解析】句意：——你认为青少年应该被鼓励做自己的决定吗？——不，我不同意你的观点。他们太年轻了不能这样做。 考查被动语态。动词逻辑上的宾语作主语时，句子用被动语态；动词逻辑上的主语作主语时，用主动语态。“鼓励青少年”，teenagers是encourage逻辑上的宾语，在句中作主语。用被动语态，这里陈述事实，应用一般现在时。故选C。 16．B 【解析】句意：老师说我们的教室应该每天打扫。 考查被动语态。A. must cleaned少了be；B. should be cleaned应该被打扫；C. will clean将要打扫；根据情态动词的被动语态结构是：情态动词+be+动词过去分词。结合句意：老师说我们的教室应该每天打扫。故选B。 【说明】情态动词被动语态： 情态动词中，主语和谓语动词之间有关系：主动关系或被动关系。 当主语与谓语为被动 关系时，体现主语为动作的承受者时要用被动语态。在被动结构为：主语+be 过去分词 +by+动作执行者。 常见的情态动词为：can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should）, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 此外，情态动词无人称和数的变化，所以不考虑主谓一致。但shall (should）, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed)体现了原形与过去式的关系。 17．C 【解析】句意：明天市场上将会卖鱼。 考查时态和语态。根据“tomorrow”可知，时态是一般将来时，且主语和谓语动词之间存在被动关系，所以使用被动语态，结构是will be done。故选C。 18．B 【解析】句意：农民把这种茶种植在山的两侧。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语the tea和动词plant之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，其谓语结构为“be+done”，空处应是过去分词planted。故选B。 19．C 【解析】句意：明天中国北方将有一场大雨。 考查一般将来时及there be句型。根据“tomorrow”可知用一般将来时，排除D；根据一般将来时的表示方式为：will do或be doing to do，再结合there be 句型不与have、has连用，可排除A、B；再根据“a heavy rain”是单数名词短语，所以此处用“will be”即可，故选C。 20．D 【解析】句意：中国女足主教练水庆霞因其出色的表现被授予2022年国家劳动奖章。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“Shui Qingxia, …with the 2022 National Labor Medal for her achievement.”可知，事情发生在过去，需用一般过去时；主语“Shui Qingxia”与谓语“present”是被动关系，需用被动语态。综上可知，本句应是一般过去时的被动语态，其谓语结构是was/were+done。故选D。 21．A 【解析】句意：史密斯教授每个学期都受邀帮助学生解决问题。 考查时态和语态。根据“Professor Smith...to help the students solve the problems every term.”可知，主语Professor Smith与invite之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结构为is/was+动词过去分词，根据every term可知，时态为一般现在时，be动词用is，invite的过去分词为invited。故选A。 22．D 【解析】试题分析：句意：我听说，下周那部剧将要在剧院放映。主语是动作的承受者，所以用被动结构，be done。因为时间是将来的，所以用将来时的被动结构，及will be done,故选D。 考点：考查被动语态的用法。 23．B 【解析】试题分析：句意：老师让这个吵闹的男生站起来了。结合语境可知本句主语为动作对象，故用被动语态。Make sb do sth让某人做某事，make后接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，当make用作被动语态时，后面的不定式符号to要补上，故选B。 考点：被动语态 点评：此类题型主要是确定句子主语与谓语动词的关系。如果是主动关系则用主动语态，反之如果是动宾关系，则用被动语态。注意一些接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词用作被动语态时，不定式符号to要加上。 24．C 【解析】句意：不要担心，你的生日蛋糕一会儿将会被送到这里来。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语“birthday cake”和“send”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；“in a while”提示时态用一般将来时，故空格处用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构是will be done。故选C。 25．C 【解析】句意：——看完3·15新闻后，我对我们社会的食品安全感到担忧。——今后将采取更多行动来解决这个问题。 考查时态和语态。根据“in the future”可知，句子用一般将来时，句子主语与动词之间是被动关系，此处应用一般将来时的被动语态will be done，故选C。 26．B 【解析】句意：——克劳迪娅，你周六会去杰夫的生日派对吗？——除非我被邀请。 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，答句是由unless引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句要一般现在时，主语I和动词invite之间是被动关系，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构是am/is/are done。故选C。 27．D 【解析】句意：在昨晚的会议上，老师们被要求不要使用手机。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。ask“要求”，主语“the teaches”和动词“ask”是被动关系，所以用被动语态，排除A和B，由“last night”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，排除C，故选D。 28．C 【解析】句意：——这个有趣的故事把这个小男孩逗笑了。——多么有趣的故事！ 考查被动语态。根据句意可知，此处表示这个男孩“被”逗笑了，用被动语态，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，所以是was made。故选C。 29．D 【解析】试题分析：句意：上周在他们的班会上提出了一些问题。Raise动词，提升，增加，提出。过去式过去分词均为raised。人提出问题，问题被人提出来。所以本句物做主语，应该是被动语态，结构为be+过去分词。故选D。 考点：考查被动语态的用法。 30．A 【解析】句意：这些现代医疗机器被用来在医院治疗病人。 考查动词短语。be used to do被用来做某事；be used to doing sth习惯于做某事；used to do过去常常做某事；be used for (doing) sth被用来做。根据“These modern medical machines...treat patients in hospital.”可知，主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，用be used to do表示“被用来做某事”。故选A。 31．B 【解析】句意：我六岁时学习游泳，是我妈妈教我的。 考查动词时态及语态。A. am taught 一般现在时的被动语态；B. was taught 一般过去时的被动语态；C. will be taught 一般将来时的被动语态；D. have taught 现在完成时的主动语态。由“when I was six”可知要用过去时态，主语为I，是teach动作的接受者，因此谓语应用过去式的被动语态。故答案选B。 【说明】被动语态的构成为“be + 过去分词”。在不同的时态中，过去分词保持不变，而be动词随着时态有不同的变化。初中英语教材中主要出现了五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。 (1) 一般现在时被动语态的构成：助动词am/is/are + 动词的过去分词. English is spoken in many countries. (2) 一般过去时被动语态的构成：助动词was/were + 动词的过去分词. Was this novel written by his father? (3) 一般将来时被动语态的构成：will/is (are) going to + be + 动词的过去分词. The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital. (4) 现在完成时被动语态的构成：助动词have/has + been + 动词的过去分词. Has his work been finished? (5) 现在进行时被动语态的构成：am/is/are + being + 动词的过去分词. The problem is being discussed by the students. (6)带有情态动词的被动语态的 构成：情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词. Your composition must be handed in tomorrow. 32．B 【解析】句意：老年人必须得到很好的照顾。 考查含情态动词的被动语态。含情态动词的被动语态的结构是“情态动词+ be + done”；题干中老人是“被照料”，A、C和D都是主动结构，故选B。 33．C 【解析】本题考查动词的用法和语态。borrow是非延续性动词， 不与表时间段的状语连用。故事书是被借的，用被动语态。 34．A 【解析】句意：昨天下午5点最后一次看到孩子们在河边玩耍。考查动词语态和动词短语辨析题。yesterday昨天，用于过去时态。主语the children是动词see的受动者，需用被动语态，可排除BD选项。see sb. doing看见某人做某事；根据句意和语境，可知选A。 35．D 【解析】句意：由于一场严重的暴风雨袭击了这座城市，运动会被推迟了。 考查动词短语辨析。give off发出；take off起飞；set off出发；put off推迟。分析句子可知，本句使用了被动语态，构成为be动词 + 动词的过去分词；根据“a bad storm that hit the city.”可推断，运动会因为暴风雨被“推迟”。故选D。 36．B 【解析】句意：我吃过很多好吃的东西，但我最喜欢的是妈妈做的菜。 考查连词和被动语态。根据句意可知，第一个空前后I’ve tasted lots of delicious food和what I like best is the dishes …之间为转折关系，故应填入表转折的连词but。根据第二个空后by Mum提示，此处应用被动语态，故动词cook应用过去分词形式，故选B。 37．D 【解析】句意：明年我们家附近将建一些新的公园。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“next year”可知，时态是一般将来时，主语parks是动作build的承受者，是一般将来时的被动语态，故选D。 38．C 【解析】句意：——我们的学校很漂亮!——如果我们种上更多的树和草，它会更漂亮。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据题干可知，本句是if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，而且从句的主语trees and grass和谓语动词plant之间是被动关系，所以应用被动语态；一般现在时的被动语态结构为：be+动词的过去分词，主语是复数，be动词用are，plant的过去分词是planted。故选C。 39．D 【解析】句意：现在，这个城市越来越多的青少年被鼓励为即将到来的北京2022年冬奥会做志愿者工作。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“Now”可知句子是一般现在时，且主语teenagers和动词encourage之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用are，故选D。 40．C 【解析】句意：——你今晚能和我一起去看电影吗？——我得问我妈妈。如果允许的话，我和你一起去。 结合选项及答语前句句意“我必须问妈妈”可知答语后句句意为“如果我被允许……”，此处应用被动语态，排除A、B两项。If引导的条件状语从句是主将从现，本句主句I'll go with you为一般将来时，故if引导的条件状语从句应用一般现在时。故选C 41．B 【解析】句意：这种机器人被用来帮助人们做危险的工作。A. used to过去常常；B. was used to被用来做某事；C. used for用于；D. was used for被用于……。for是介词，因此后面跟动名词，help是动词原形，所以排除C/D；主语This kind of robot与use之间存在着被动关系，因此应该用被动句。故选B。 42．C 【解析】句意：——我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。   ——是的。据说下个月城北将再建一条新路。 考查被动语态。选项A为动词原形；选项B为一般将来时；选项C为一般将来时的被动语态；选项D为现在完成时的被动语态。题干的时间状语next month表示将来，用一般将来时，road和build之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态，一般将来时的被动语态结构：主语+will+ be(不变形) +过去分词+其它。故选C。 43．B 【解析】句意：盐城是一座绿色城市，因为每年春天植了越来越多的树。由every spring可知句子描述的是每年春天发生的动作，句子用一般现在时态。主语trees是谓语动词plant的承受者，句子用被动语态。故选Ｂ。 44．C 【解析】句意：如果我被允许出国，我将去澳大利亚。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句含有if引导的条件状语从句，需满足“主将从现”原则，主语是动作的承受者，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故选C。 45．A 【解析】句意：——我不确定电话是什么时候发明的。你知道吗？——我认为是在1876年。 考查宾语从句和一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意可知，空处的句子是宾语从句，宾语从句应为陈述语序，故排除B、C项；电话和发明之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，所以宾语从句应是一般过去时的被动语态，其构成形式为was/were+done，故排除D项，故选A。 46．A 【解析】句意：——有人告诉我运动会可能延期。——是的，这完全取决于天气。 考查动词的语态。根据“the sports meet might be put off”可知，此处是我是被告诉的，原题中的“it all depends on the weather”这一信息句可告诉考生，应用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构是have/has been done的形式，tell是动词，告诉，过去分词是told，故选A。 47．D 【解析】句意：艾米很高兴她在那次会议上因诚实而受到表扬。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据题干“she…for her honesty at that meeting.”可知，这句话的主语she是动作的承受者，与动词praise构成被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，排除A/B；结合语境可知，艾米在会上已经表扬过了，因此应该用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是：was/were+动词的过去分词。故选D。 48．D 【解析】句意：杰克被惩罚了，因为他和他的同学们打架。 考查一般过去时被动语态。punishes惩罚，表示主动语态；is punished被惩罚，是一般现在时被动语态； punished惩罚，表示一般过去时主动语态；was punished一般过去时被动语态，意为被惩罚。根据后面原因是过去跟同学打架，可知杰克受处罚是过去的事，用一般过去时被动语态，故选D。 49．A 【解析】句意：--你的家乡多美啊！--是的，到处都能看到树和花。 由句意可知：trees and flowers能被看见是被动的关系。含有情态动词的被动语态，其基本结构是情态动词+ be+过去分词。故选A。 50．C 【解析】句意：——妈妈,我可以玩电脑游戏吗?——如果你的家庭作业做完了,你可以。考查被动语态。homework是动词do的受动者，需用被动语态“be + done”结构，可排除前两项。if表条件，需用一般现在时；根据句意语境，可知选C。 二、 51．brought 【解析】句意：这本书能够被带回我房间吗？“be+动词的过去分词”构成被动语态；根据句意，主语book和动词bring之间是被动关系。故填brought。 52．held 【解析】句意：足球赛每年都在我市举行。hold“举行”，主语“The football match”和谓语“hold”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填held。 53．is chosen 【解析】句意：——玛丽星期天下午会去看时装秀吗？——如果她被选为主持人就会去。 根据“she”和“to be the host”可知两者构成被动关系，应用be+动词过去分词，因if引导的条件状语从句中主句是将来时态，那从句需用一般现在时态，而从句主语为she，故填is chosen。 54．be done 【解析】句意：作业应该按时完成。根据“Homework should...(do) on time.”可知，主语“Homework”与动词“do”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态“be done”，should后接动词原形。故填be done。 55．listed 【解析】句意：春节是中国的传统节日之一，于2023年12月被正式列为联合国法定假日。由“as a United Nations holiday”及空格前的be动词可知是被列为法定假日，使用被动语态，即“be done”的形式。故填listed。 56．was translated 【解析】句意：莫言写的这本书是2014年翻译的。根据“in 2014”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语The book written by Mo Yan和谓语动词translate是被动关系，所以此处考查一般过去时的被动语态，结构为：was+过去分词，translate的过去分词是translated。故填was translated。 57．loved 【解析】句意：这部新电影很有趣，受到数百万人的喜爱。根据“by millions of people”可知，句子是被动语态，此处缺少过去分词，loved“被喜爱”符合句意，故填loved。 58．recycled 【解析】句意：不要扔那些塑料瓶！它们可以回收利用。主语“they”与动词“recycle”是动宾关系，句子是含情态动词的被动语态（情态动词+be+过去分词）。故填recycled。 59．sells 【解析】句意：现在，这本书卖得很好。根据“this book”和“well”可知动词sell描述主语this book的特征时，应用主动表被动，根据“Nowadays”可知句子用一般现在时，主语为this book，谓语动词用三单形式。故填sells。 60．be built 【解析】句意：河上应该建一座桥。主语a bridge与谓语动词build之间是被动关系，前面有情态动词should，其结构为：should+be done，build的过去分词为built。故填be built。 61．influenced 【解析】句意：你的感觉很容易受到旅行的影响。根据be done by结构，此处表示被动，应用被动语态，动词influence用过去分词形式，故填influenced。 62．chosen 【解析】句意：马克是唯一被选中参加会议的学生。 根据句意表示被选中，Mark和choose之间是被动关系，用被动语态，结构：be动词+动词过去分词，所以动词choose要变成过去分词形式。故答案填chosen。 63．chosen 【解析】句意：星期五下午，我们将举行一个晚会来欢迎新来的交换生，林玲和吴鹏被选为主持人。choose“选择”，动词，根据“Lin Ling and Wu Peng are...to be the hosts.”可知，此处使用动词过去分词，与are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填chosen。 64．being killed 【解析】句意：政府正努力防止野生动物被猎杀。animals与kill之间存在被动关系，因此此空是be killed；而介词from后接动名词形式。故填being killed。 65．were painted 【解析】句意：上个月，他房间的墙壁被漆成蓝色，以帮助他睡个好觉。分析句子可知，主谓之间为被动关系，结构为“be+过去分词”；根据“last month”可知，该句时态为一般过去时，主语为“walls”，be动词应用were。故填were painted。 66． looks has been cleaned 【解析】句意：这个房间看起来很干净。它被打扫过了。第一个空所在句陈述现在的事实，用一般现在时，主语为“The room”，此处应用三单形式；第二个空所在句表示过去打扫对现在造成的影响是房间很干净，用现在完成时，句子主语与谓语为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语为“It”，此处应用三单形式。故填looks；has been cleaned。 67．is grown 【解析】句意：最好的大米是在我们城市种植的。grow“种植”，动词，主语“rice”与谓语之间是被动关系，故需用被动语态，且根据句意可知，该句时态为一般现在时，其被动语态形式为“am/is/are+动词过去分词”，该句主语为不可数名词“rice”，故用be动词“is”，“grow”的过去分词形式为“grown”。故填is grown。 68．were buried 【解析】句意：隧道倒塌时，矿工们被活埋了。根据“collapsed”可知，句子是一般过去时，主语与动词bury之间是被动关系，故此处应用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，主语是复数形式，故填were buried。 69．were asked 【解析】句意：今年4月4日，全国人民参加了为疫情受害者默哀3分钟的活动。根据“people”和“ask”可知，两者是被动关系，结合“On April 4th this year”，此句是一般过去时的被动语态，用was/were+done结构，主语是people，因此用were asked；故填were asked。 70．were taught 【解析】句意：在我们年幼时，我们被教导要尊重老年人。根据“When we were young”可知此处时态为一般过去时；we与teach之间是被动关系，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语为we，应用were。故填were taught。 71．were taught 【解析】句意：在我年幼时，我们被教导要尊重老年人。根据“When I was young”可知，此处时态为一般过去时；根据teach sb. to do sth.“教导某人做某事”，转换为被动语态是sb. be taught to do sth.“某人被教导做某事”，题干we与teach之间是被动关系，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语为we，应用were。故填were taught。 72．will be held 【解析】句意：众所周知，2024年奥运会在法国巴黎举行。此处缺少谓语动词，根据主语“the 2024 Olympics”可知，时态为一般将来时；且主语与hold“举办”是被动关系，所以是一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be done”，hold过去分词为held。故填will be held。 73．is repaired 【解析】句意：——对不起。我们什么时候可以开车出去旅行？——除非我们的车修好了。根据上文“When can we go out for a trip by car?”的时态是一般现在时，可知此句时态是一般现在时。根据句意可知主语和谓语动词“repair修理”是被动关系，until引导的时间状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来。可知此句是一般现在时的被动语态，其构成am/is/are+动词的过去分词；主语“our car”第三人称单数可知使用is；repair的过去分词是repaired。故填is repaired。 74． was seen playing 【解析】句意：昨天下午5点，有人看见爱丽丝和她的兄弟们在公园里打篮球。分析句子可知，主语和动词see之间是被动关系，表示“被看见”。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词采用“就远原则”，即和Alice一致，由“yesterday”可知，be动词用was，see的过去分词为seen。结合“at 5 p.m. yesterday.”可知，此处是短语see sb doing sth“看到某人正在做某事”，强调动作的正在进行。故填was seen；playing。 75．be kept 【解析】句意：水果应该立即存放在冰箱里。根据“the fruit”和“keep”之间的关系可知，属于动宾关系，the fruit作主语，因此用被动语态be kept；而根据“should”一词可知，情态动词后加动词原形。故填be kept。 76．be laughed 【解析】句意：盲人和聋子不应该被任何人嘲笑。主语the blind and the dead与动词laugh之间是被动关系，故此处应填含有情态动词的被动语态must be done的结构，故填be laughed。 77．is completed 【解析】句意：——老师我们什么时候可以休息两天？——直到明天你们完成任务。主语“your task”和谓语“complete”是动宾关系，用被动语态，该句为until引导的时间状语从句，时态为主将从现，一般现在时的被动结构为am/is/are+动词过去分词，主语是名词单数，助动词用is，过去分词为completed。故填is completed。 78． touching were touched 【解析】句意：他的故事是如此令人感动以至于我们都被感动了。“so +形容词或副词+ that”表示“如此……以至于”，that引导结果状语从句。根据主句主语The story表物，需用touch的现在分词形式touching“令人感动的”来修饰；从句主语all of us和动词touch是被动关系，可知用被动语态，结合主句中的was可知是一般过去时的被动语态；all of us是复数人称，系词需用were，故填touching; were touched。 三、 79．a 80．from/at 81．interesting 82．when/as 83．older 84．more deeply 85．the best 86．ourselves 87．to improve 88．learning 【解析】】本文讲述的是人类如何获得知识的。 79．句意：为了拥有强壮的身体，每个人都需要吃得好。空后的strong body表示泛指，strong是以辅音音素开头的单词，用a修饰。故填a。 80．句意：我们从小就开始学习知识。根据“a very young age.”可知，这里需用一个表示时间的介词，from或at都可以。故填from/at。 81．句意：小孩子们似乎对一切都很感兴趣。根据“Everything”可知，这里需用interest的形容词interesting“有趣的”修饰物。故填interesting。 82．句意：事实上，他们在观看和聆听的同时也在学习一些东西。根据“they are watching and listening.”可知，这里是由when或as引导的时间状语从句。故填when/as。 83．句意：随着年龄的增长，他们往往喜欢读书。根据“As they get…”可知，这里表示一个渐进的过程，需用old的比较级older。故填older。 84．句意：通过这种方式，他们形成了自己的想法，并比以前更深入地质疑周围的世界。根据“question the world around them”可知，这里需用副词修饰，再由than可知，这里用比较级，因此此处应填deep的副词的比较级more deeply。故填more deeply。 85．句意：获取知识的最佳方式是什么？根据“What is…way to get knowledge?”及下文的介绍可知，此处表示获取知识的最佳方式，这里应该用good的最高级best，前面加定冠词the。故填the best。 86．句意：如果我们自己学习，我们会得到最多的知识。根据“by”可知，这里需用反身代词，by oneself意为“自学”；we的反身代词为ourselves。故填ourselves。 87．句意：总之，学习是个人的事情，我们应该尽我们所能一点一点地提高。根据“little by little.”可知，这里用动词不定式作目的，improve的动词不定式为to improve。故填to improve。 88．句意：当我们以正确的方式学习时，我们一定会更好地理解并享受更多的学习。enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，需用learn的动名词learning。故填learning。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$