上海市西中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

可学科网可组卷网 市西中学2024学年第一学期期中考试 高三英语 2024.10 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在 试卷上一律不得分。 3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。 I.Grammar and Vocabulary(20) Section A Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word,for the otller blanks,use one word that best fits each blank. Chinese Hogwarts fans will be treated to a wide re-release of all eight Harry Potter movies throughout October and November.Since its debut(首映)more than25 years ago,.the saga(长篇故事)of the young wizard has become a cultural phenomenon,ranking among_L_(successful)entertainment franchises(特别经营权)in history. Scores of moviegoers in mainland China are excited about the news,despite many having done so before and other swell-versed with the novel.Why is the franchise still popular,though,thirteen years after the final movie of the series2_(release)？ Fans of the original books were thrilled to know3 would be playing their favorite characters.The cast of the movies was hand-picked by the author J.K.Rowling herself,ensuring that the characters matched her imagination.Then the breathtaking visual effects captured and 4(transfer)the magical moments from the books faithfully onto the silver screen.But all in all,nothing would have been possible without the books themselves. Rowling created a new world with writing so descriptive that readers can easily imagine themselves5 (live)in it alongside the fictional characters.The three main characters are no more strangers to the young readers than their classmates at school.They are relatable6they think and act the same way as the readers do. Rowling pays attention to genuine feelings and would never use the genre as an excuse for logical flaws and shallow characters.Instead,the series keeps exploring the possibilities of bringing the real world into children's 第1页/共17页 可学科网 函组卷网 books. When the first book came out in 1997,it was the dream of all kids and teenagers-an escape 7the real world into a magical one.But as the readers grew up.so did Rowling's writing.The series started off quite simple in its language and themes,but gradually developed into 8 more serious and complex.Rowling also touched upon dark themes,such as death and mental health,which children's books usually avoid.The series helps children to learn about and adapt to the somewhat unforgiving world of reality.As the young readers mature,the evolving writing style and the developing stories make them9(addict)to. The Harry Potter books have shaped a generation and will go on to affect the next.The books are essentially centered on the principles of friendship,love and loyalty.They also teach about the importance of knowledge and how to deal with losses.These are morals and lessons that go beyond the distinctions of gender.race and nationality.Readers can always find something inspiring in the world of Harry Potter,10 their age.That's what makes the magic everlasting. Section B Directions:Complete the passage with the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A.advancements B.avenues C.concers D.contributed E.crafted F.crediting G.foundational H.highlighted I.honouring J.integrated K.significant Machine learning pioneers win Nobel prize in physics Two pioneers in the field of artificial intelligence,John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton,have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2024.Their11 work on artificial neural networks,inspired by the human brain, has revolutionized the way we think about machines and their ability to learn from data John Hopfield,.an emeritus(荣誉退休的)professor at Princeton University in the US,12an associative memory system capable of storing and retrieving()complex patterns.much like the human brain does with memories.Geoffrey Hinton,a British-Canadian professor at the University of Toronto,known as the "godfather of AI,"13to a method that allows neural networks to independently uncover features within data,a comnerstone of today's large-scale artificial neural networks. Their research,which began in the 1980s,has enabled machine learning through the use of artificial neural networks,leading to14 in language translation and generative AI,like ChatGPT.The Nobel Committee 第2页/共17页 可学科网可组卷网 for Physics noted that these networks have not only advanced various physics fields but have also become 15 into everyday technologies,significantly impacting society. Hinton.76,gained attention last year when he left Google to voice16about the potential dangers of AI.He warned about the risks of machines surpassing human intelligence and the ensuing implications for misinformation,job markets,and human existence.Despite the concerns,he also17 the potential benefits, such as improvements in healthcare and productivity Prof.Michael Wooldridge,a computer scientist at the University of Oxford,praised the award as a proof of the profound impact of AI on science,noting that the success of neural networks has unlocked new18 for data analysis.Prof.Dame Wendy Hall,a computer scientist at the University of Southampton,expressed surprise at the choice of awarding the prize in physics.given that there is no Nobel Prize for computer science.but acknowledged the 19 influence of artificial neural networks on physics research. In summary.the Nobel Prize in Physics 2024 celebrates the transformative impact of AI research on science and society. 20 the contributions of Hopfield and Hinton in shaping the future of intelligent machines. IⅡ.Reading Comprehension(45分) Section A Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Is a Science-Based Education the Way to Go? In this present age when we are heavily dependent on science and technology,a science-based education system naturally becomes prevalent to equip the young with knowledge of the21 of our world around them.The various disciplines of science,such as biology and astronomy,certainly help us to grasp not only the _22of Earth,but also the significance of human beings in the universe.Moreover,as people naturally have an inborn desire to control the environment,a science-based education seems to be well 23 to humanity's inquisitive nature.24,it remains questionable whether a science-based education is able to paint a complete picture of the world. Certainly,it equips us with the knowledge of25which is necessary for us to make sense of the world.By laying the foundation of the skills in students,they will be equipped with the necessary skills to discover the world as 26 by science today.A classic example is Gregor Mendel's famous pea plant experiment. Without this,we would not have understood the 27of our genes,nor the reasons why offspring may look strikingly similar to their parents. 第3页/共17页 命学科网函组卷网 Additionally,the scientific method highlights the importance of 28 which is instrumental in the acquisition of knowledge.In a typical science-based educational system,students are taught to objectively analyze empirical data and derive scientific principles.Besides,a science-based education empowers us to29 preconceived(f顶想的)concepts instead of merely accepting“facts'”at face value Despite its 30a science-based education does not always enlighten us about certain aspects of the world that can't be rationalized through the scientific method.Though it explains how the world works,it is lacking as it does not 31much about why things happen.For example,science can provide a neurological explanation on how we perceive breathtaking scenery,but it can't explain what constitutes beauty or why we are so innately drawn to it.Thus,to32 the Arts offer us insightful perspectives on the role of science and the world at large Moreover,science may have great emphasis on progress that may come at a great33to the world.A science-based education that focuses solely on the latest scientific breakthroughs may well34the study of ethical controversies and significant historical events.For instance,it remains to be seen whether cloning is morally acceptable. In conclusion,a science-based education coupled with adequate exposure to ethics,values and the humanities would 35 students with a deeper insight into the complex nature of the world 21 A.mechanics B.inventions C.truths D.objectives 22.A.significance B.evolution C.composition D.prospect 23.A.subjected B.reduced C.entitled D.tailored 24.A.Nevertheless B.Moreover C.Instead D.Therefore 25.A.doubt B.suspicion C.inquiry D.consultation 26.A.framed B.explained C.assessed D.justified 27.A.dependence B.burst C.consciousness D.function 28.A.objectivity B.illustration C.curiosity D.inquiry 29.A.deny B.challenge C.dismiss D.highlight 30.A.margins B.expenses C.initiatives D.virtues 31.A.worry B.care C.reveal D.enclose 32.A.draw a parallel B.make ends meet C.strike a balance D.make a comparison 33.A.cost B.advantage C.discount D.angle 第4页/共17页 可学科网可组卷网 34.A.underline B.prioritize C.further D.neglect 35.A.assist B.furnish C.occupy D.engage Section B Direction:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Visitors to HENN-NA.a restaurant outside Nagasaki,Japan,are greeted by an odd sight:their food being prepared by a row of humanoid robots that look like the Terminator.H.I.S.,the company that runs the restaurant, as well as a nearby hotel where robots check guests into their rooms and help with their luggage,turned to automation partly out of necessity.Japan's population is shrinking,and its economy is booming,the unemployment rate is only 2.8 percent."Using robots makes a lot of sense in a country like Japan."said CEO Hideo Sawada. Sawada predicts that 70 percent of the jobs at Japan's hotels will be automated in the next five years."It takes about a year to two to get your money back,"he said."But since you can work them 24 hours a day,and they don't need vacation,eventually it's more cost-efficient to use the robot" This may seem like a vision of the future best suited-perhaps only suited-to Japan.But according to Michael Chui,a partner at the McKinsey Global Institute,many tasks in the food-service and accommodation industry are exactly the kind that are easily automated.Chui's latest research estimates that 54 percent of the tasks workers perform in American restaurants and hotels could be automated using currently available technologies The robots,in fact,are already here.Chowbotics,a company in Redwood City.California,manufactures Sally, a boxy robot that prepares salads ordered on a touch screen.Botlr.a robot butler,now brings guests extra towels and toiletries in dozens of hotels around the country This seems to be worrying.America's economy isn't developing nearly as smoothly as Japan's,and one of the few bright spots in recent years has been employment in restaurants and hotels,which have added more jobs than almost any other industry.That growth,in fact,has helped dull the blow that automation has delivered to other industries.The food-service and accommodation industry now employs 13.7 million American.Since 2013.it has accounted for more jobs than manufacturing. These new positions once seemed safe from robots because they required a human touch in a way that manufacturing or mining jobs did not.When ordering a coffee or checking into a hotel,human beings want to interact with other human beings-or so we thought.The companies bringing robots into the service industry are 第5页/共17页 可学科网可组卷网 betting that we'll be happy to trade our relationship with human waiters or clerks for greater efficiency.They're also confident that adding robots won't necessarily mean cutting human jobs 36.According to the writer.why was it partly out of necessity that H.I.S.turned to automation? A.It's hard to find employees in Japan B.The Japanese are used to using robots. C.Robotic technology is advanced in Japan. D.Japan's economy develops less fast than expected. 37.According to Michael Chui.which of the following statements is true? A.It is no easy job to automate tasks in the hotel industry. B.Restaurant workers can be easily replaced by robots. C.Technologies need upgrading to pave the way for robotic waiters. D.Robots now perform 54%of the tasks in American restaurants and hotels 38.Why does the automation in American restaurants and hotels seem worrying? A.The manufacturing industry is waiting to be automated B.America's economy is developing at an unexpected rate. C.Automation has already had a negative effect on the service industry D.These two industries contribute much to America's employment rate. 39.It can be inferred that companies bringing robots into the service industry think that A.the human touch may not matter that much B.profit is more important than customer satisfaction C.manufacturing or mining jobs require human interaction D.robots will rob humans of their jobs at the cost of efficiency (B) Know how much to tip New rules of gratuities 第6页/共17页 可学科网可组卷网 The pandemic has been particularly hard on people who work for tips.Some haven't been able to do their jobs at all,while others don't interact with customers the same way.In either case,tips dried up,causing a lot of people to suffer.Meanwhile,many customers felt the need to tip more because of the new risks and hardships that essential service workers suddenly faced. Just as many services have changed,so should tipping.Some old standards no longer seem fair,and several newer ones will apply long after the pandemic is over. Some new rules of tipping that are likely here to stay: Think outside the(cash)box. Treat business owners Give more if you can. You can also“tip”with a differently. It's common for tips to be divided thank-you note or a homemade gift A practice of the past, between all the workers at a store or when a business(or your budget)doesn' tipping the boss separately is restaurant,not just those who interact t permit gratuities.Consider writing a no longer necessary.But if directly with customers.So giving review online,making sure to name she serves you,tip her as you generously ensures a fairer tip for all. names. would any of her workers. 第7页/共17页 可字科网可组卷回 As for specific situations,here's what the experts recommend: FOOD AND DRINKS Restaurant workers Old rule:Leave a tip only when you dine in. New rule:Always tip,even for takeout. Tip:15 to 20 percent when you dine in,and 10 to 15 percent on takeout or delivery orders. Personal shoppers Old rule:N/A (Not applicable).Many of these services.such as grocery pickup,are newer. New rule:Tip,and do it in the app,since you are unlikely to interact directly with your shopper. Tip:10 to 15 percent.If a tip is already included,add a few dollars extra. HOME DELIVERIES Package delivery drivers Old rule:Don't tip. New rule:Show appreciation if you get deliveries more than once a week Tip:Drinks,snacks,or $5 to $20 if a package is particularly heavy or large.Postal workers cannot accept cash or gifts worth more than $50 per year.UPS tells drivers to decline tips unless a customer insists.And FedEx prohibits employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents(such as gift cards). Flower delivery drivers Old rule:The person who places the order tips those who deliver flowers(and other specialty items). New rule:You can't assume the gift giver already tipped,so if you're lucky enough to get such a delivery,pass the goodwill along in the form of a tip. Tip:$5 to $10. PERSONAL SERVICES Ride-share drivers Old rule:Tip in cash. New rule:Ask your driver.The Lyft and Uber apps let you add gratuities,but some drivers prefer cash. Tip:15 to 20 percent. 40.New rules of tipping are recommended because_ 第8页/共17页 可学科网可组卷网 A.the pandemic has driven many businesses to financial ruin B.some people have to work from home without interaction C.customers dismiss the old standards as unfair to themselves D.some old tipping standards can't help some service workers out now 41.Which of the following is TRUE? A.Tip every worker fairly in case some may keep the money to himself. B.The more you tip,the better service you will receive C.Writing a review online is highly recommended to express gratitude. D.There is no need to tip the boss because he doesn't provide any service. 42 did best in tipping according to the recommended rules. Name Situation Tip Ginna order a roast goose($50)at Kam's Roasts for takeout $0 for the waiter take a delivery of a package from FedEx (bottled water,500ml. $10 for the FedEx delivery Joan 24-pack) man Susan receive a bunch of flowers delivered by a Flower Plus driver $5 (cash)for the gardener Linn take a Uber($15)from St Vincent's Hospital to the Central Library $3 (cash)for the driver A.Ginna B.Joan C.Susan D.Linn (C) A few weeks ago,a well-meaning professor tried to explain the physiological process behind viruses and the human body in a tweet and was immediately criticized for a mistake in his information.He then issued an apology and deleted his erroneous tweet Communicating science beyond the academic bubble is necessary to augmenting (public understanding of health and environmental issues and helping individuals make well-informed personal decisions. However,scientists who engage in science communication must acknowledge that even in their area,their expertise is deep but narrow.They need to recognize the constraints in their own knowledge.That is not to suggest that they only write or present on their own research,but rather.that they consult with an expert if the topic is outside of their discipline.Fact-checking with a scientist who works in the specialty will prevent the unintentional 第9页/共17页 可学科网 函组卷网 spread of misinformation,and the process of doing so may yield tiny pieces of interesting new information that can be incorporated. Some have argued that the public is not educated enough to understand scientific information,especially for any complex phenomena,but this is absurd.Science instruction can be found at all levels of public education with most secondary schools offering classes on biology,physics,and chemistry.If anything,social media has shown that the public craves knowledge based on a solid scientific foundation Even the public discourse (that follows most scientific articles shows that online readers can understand even the most puzzling of scientific principles. It is equally necessary to emphasize that being an expert on a topic does not automatically make a scholar qualified to communicate it to a nonscientific audience.A number of scientists recently have been offering public-aimed explanations of scientific phenomena.Even though they have appropriate credentials,they often do very little in the way of explaining.One biologist shared a complex analogy()involving a library.books.paper. a recipe,ingredients,and a cake to explain the process behind vaccines.Any explanation that requires a written key to keep track of what each item represents is not a clear example for public consumption Science communication is a science in and of itself.It requires rigorous training and instruction.A scientist should take communication courses that can teach a person how to identify and eliminate jargon and how to develop effective analogies to explain complex concepts.One cannot assume communication expertise-imagine if someone just decided that they were a physicist and started trying to contribute to the field without the necessary background.Doing a poor job communicating science to the public will only create confusion and widen the gap between science and society,a gap that scientists are trying to close. 43.What does the author advise scientists do to deal with topics outside of their specialty? A.Write or present on them from new angles B.Utilize information from diverse sources C.Turn to a specialist for professional help. D.Fact-check with colleagues in-their field. 44 What can be learned from Paragraph 4? A.A solid academic foundation is essential to understanding puzzling scientific principles. B.Modern technology has facilitated communication between scientists and the public. C.Scientific articles have gained increasing popularity among the general public. 第10页/共17页