上海市西中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

市西中学2024学年第一学期期中考试 高三英语 2024.10 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上 一律不得分。 3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。 I.Grammar and Vocabulary (20) Section A Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word:for the otller blanks,use one word that best fits each blank. Chinese Hogwarts fans will betreated to a wide re-release of all eight Harry Potter movies throughout October andNovember..Since its debut(首映)more than25 years ago,the saga(长篇故事)of the young wizard has become a cultural phenomenon,,ranking among__L__(successtul)entertainment franchises(特别经营权)，in history.Scores of moviegoers in mainland China are excited about the news,despite many having done so before and othersweli-versed with the novel.Why is the franchise still popular,though,thirteen years afterthe final movie of the series release)？ Fans of the original books were thrilled to know would be playing their favorite characters.Thecast of the movies was hand-picked by the authorJ.K.Rowling herself,ensuring that the charactersmatched her imagination.Then the breathtaking visual effects captured and transfer)the magicalmoments from the books faithfully onto the silverscreen.But all in all,nothing would have been possible without the books themselves. Rowling created a new world with writing sodescriptive that readers can easilyimagine themselves (live)in it alongside the fictional characters.The three main characters are no morestrangers to the young readers than their classmatesat school.They are relatable they think andact the same way as the readers do.Rowling pays attention to genuine feelings and would never use thegenre as an excuse for logicalflaws and shallow characters.Instead,the series keeps exploring thepossibilities of bringing the real world intochildren's books. When the first bookcame out in 1997,it was the dream of all kids and teenagers-anescape the real world into a magical one.But as the readers grew up,sodid Rowling's writing.The series started off quite simple in its language and themes,but gradually developed into_more serious and complex.Rowling also touched upon dark themes,such asdeath and mental health,which children's booksusually avoid.The series helps children to learnabout and adapt to the somewhat unforgiving worldof reality.As the young readers mature,the evolving writing style and the developing stories make them9(addict)to. The Harry Potter books have shaped a generation and will go on to affect the next.The books are essentially centered on the principlesof friendship,love and loyalty.They also teachabout the importance of knowledge and how to dealwith losses.These are morals and lessons that go beyond the distinctions of gender,race and nationality.Readers can always find something inspiring inthe world of Harry Potter, their age.That's what makes the magic everlasting. Section B Directions:Complete the passage with the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. 第1页共8页 Machine learning pioneers win Nobelprize in physics A.advancements B.avenues C.concerns D..contributed B crafted 下，crediting G.foundational 1I.highlighted 1.honouring J.integrated K.significant Two pioneers in the field of artificial intelligence,John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton,have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2024.Their(11) work on artificial neural networks,inspired by the human brain, has revolutionized the way we think about machines and their ability to learn from data. John Hopfield,an emeritus(荣誉退休的)professor at Princeton University in the US,.(l2)an associative memory system capable of storing and retrieving (complex patterns,much like the human brain does with memories.Geoffrey Hinton,a British-Canadian professor at the University of Toronto,known as the "godfather of AI,"(13)to a method that allows neural networks to independently uncover features within data,a cornerstone of today's large-scale artificial neural networks. Their research,which began in the 1980s,has enabled machine learning through the use of artificial neural networks,leading to(14)in language translation and generative Al,like ChatGPT.The Nobel Committee for Physics noted that these networks have not only advanced various physics fields but have also become (15) into everyday technologies,significantly impacting society. Hinton,76,gained attention last year when he left Google to voice(16)about the potential dangers of Al.He warned about the risks of machines surpassing human intelligence and the ensuing implications for misinformation,job markets,and human existence.Despite the concerns,he also(17)the potential benefits, such as improvements in healthcare and productivity. Prof.Michael Wooldridge,a computer scientist at the University of Oxford,praised the award as a proof of the profound impact of AI on science,noting that the success of neural networks has unlocked new(18)_ for data analysis.Prof.Dame Wendy Hall,a computer scientist at the University of Southampton,expressed surprise at the choice of awarding the prize in physics,given that there is no Nobel Prize for computer science,but acknowledged the (19) _influence of artificial neural networks on physics research. In summary,the Nobel Prize in Physics 2024 celebrates the transformative impact of AI research on science and society,(20) the contributions of Hopfield and Hinton in shaping the future of intelligent machines. Ⅱ.Reading Comprehension(45分) SectionA Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Is a Science-Based Education the Way to Go? In this present age when we are heavily dependent on science and technology,a science-based education system naturally becomes prevalent to equip the young with knowledge of the 21 of our world around them. The various disciplines of science,such as biology and astronomy,certainly help us to grasp not only the 22 of Earth,but also the sigmincance of human beings in the universe.Moreover,as people naturally have an inborn desire to control the environment,a science-based education seems to be well 23to humanity's inquisitive nature.24,it remains questionable whether a science-based education is able to paint a complete picture of the world. Certainly,it equips us with the knowledge of 25 which is necessary for us to make sense of the world. By laying the foundation of the skills in students,they will be equipped with the necessary skills to discover the world as 26by science today.A classic example is Gregor Mendel's famous pea plant experiment.Without this,we would not have understood the 27 of our genes,nor the reasons why offspring may look strikingly similar to their parents. Additionally,the scientific method highlights the importance of 28,which is instrumental in the acquisition of knowledge.In a typical science-based educational system,students are taught to objectively analyze empirical data and derive scientific principles.Besides,a science-based education empowers us to 29 第2页共8页 preconceived(预想的)concepts instead of merely accepting“facts"at face value, Despite its 30 n science-based education docs not always enlighten us about certain aspects of the world that can't be rationalized through the scientific mcthod.Though it explains how the world works,it is lacking as it does not 31 much about why things happen.For example,science can provide a neurological explanation on how we perceive breathtaking scenery,but it can't explain what constitutes beauty or why we are so innately drawn to it.Thus,to 32,the Arts offer us insightful perspectives on the role of science and the world at large. Moreover,science may have great emphasis on progress that may come at a great 33 to the world.A science-based education that focuses solely on the latest scientific breakthroughs may well 34 the study of ethical controversies and significant historical events.For instance,it remains to be seen whether cloning is morally acceptable. In conclusion,a science-based education coupled with adequate exposure to ethics,values and the humanities would 35 students with a deeper insight into the complex nature of the world. 21.A.mechanics B.inventions C.truths D.objectives 22.A.significance B. evolution C.composition D.prospect 23.A.applied B.reduced C.entitled D.tailored 24.A.Nevertheless D.Moreover C.Similarly D.Therefore 25.A.belief B.suspicion C.inquiry D.consultation 26.A.framed B.explained C.assessed D.justified 27.A.dependence B.burst C.consciousness D.function 28.A.objectivity B.illustration C.curiosity D.inquiry 29.A.deny B.challenge C.dismiss D.highlight 30 A.margins B.expenses C.initiatives D.virtues 31.A.worry B.care C.reveal D.enclose 32.A.draw a parallel B.make ends meet C.strike a balance D.make a comparison 33.A.cost B.advantage C.discount D.angle 34.A.underline B.prioritize C.further D.neglect 35.A.assist B.furnish C.occupy D.engage Section B Direction:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Visitors to HENN-NA,a restaurant outside Nagasaki,Japan,are greeted by an odd sight:their food being prepared by a row of humanoid robots that look like the Terminator.H.I.S.,the company that runs the restaurant, as well as a nearby hotel where robots check guests into their rooms and help with their luggage tured to automation partly out of pecessity.Japan's population is shrinking,and its oconomy is booming;the unemployment rate is only 2.8 percent."Using robots makes a lot of sense in a country like Japan,"said CEO Hideo Sawada. Sawada predicts that 70 percent of the jobs at Japan's hotels will be automated in the next five years."It takes about a year to two to get your money back,"he said."But since you can work them 24 hours a day,and they don't need vacation,eventually it's more cost-efficient to use the robot." This may seem like a vision of the future best suited-perhaps only suited-to Japan.But according to Michael Chui,a partner at the McKinsey Global Institute,many tasks in the food-service and accommodation industry are exactly the kind that are easily automated.Chui's latest research estimates that 54 percent of the tasks workers perform in American restaurants and hotels could be automated using currently available technologies. The robots,in fact,are already here.Chowbotics,a company in Redwood City,California,manufactures Sally, a boxy robot that prepares salads ordered on a touch screen.Botlr,a robot butler,now brings guests extra towels and toiletries in dozens of hotels around the country. This seems to be worrying.America's economy isn't developing nearly as smoothly as Japan's,and one of the 第3页共8页 few bright spots in recent years has been employment in restaurants and hotels,which have added more jobs than almost any other industry.That growth,in fact,has helped dull the blow that automation has delivered to other industrics.The food-service and accommodation industry now employs 13.7 million American.Since 2013,it hus accounted for more jobs than manufacturing. These new positions once seemed safe from robots because they required a human touch in a way that manufacturing or mining jobs did not.When ordering a coffee or checking into a hotel,human beings want to interact with other human beings-or so we thought.The companies bringing robots into the service industry are betting that we'll be happy to trade our relationship with robotic waiters or clerks for greater efficiency.They're also confident that adding robots won't necessarily mean cutting human jobs. 36.According to the writer,why was it partly out of necessity that H.I.S.turned to automation? A.It's hard to find employees in Japan. B.The Japanese are used to using robots. C.Robotic technology is advanced in Japan. D.Japan's economy develops less fast than expected. 37.According to Michael Chui which of the following statements is true? A.It is no easy job to automate tasks in the hotel industry. B.Restaurant workers can be easily replaced by robots. C.Technologies need upgrading to pave the way for robotic waiters. D.Robots now perform 54%of the tasks in American restaurants and hotels. 38.Why does the automation in American restaurants and hotels secm worrying? A.The manufacturing industry is waiting to be automated. B.America's economy is developing at an unexpected rate C.Automation has already had a negative effect on the service industry. D.These two industries contribute much to America's employment ratc. 39.It can be inferred that companies bringing robots into the service industry think that A.the human touch may not matter that much B.profit is more important than customer satisfaction C.manufacturing or mining jobs require human interaction D.robots will rob humans of their jobs at the cost of efficiency (B) Know how much to tip New rules of gratuities The pandemic has been particularly hard on people who work for tips.Some haven't been able to do their jobs at all,while others don't interact with customers the same way.In either case,tips dried up, causing a lot of people to suffer.Meanwhile,many customers felt the need to tip more because of the new risks and hardships that essential service workers suddenly faced. Just as many services have changed,so should tipping.Some old standards no longer seem fair,and several newer ones will apply long after the pandemic is over. Some new rules of tipping that are likely here to stay: Give more if you can. Think outside the box. Treat business owners It's common for tips to be divided You can also“tip”with a thank-you differently. between all the workers at a store note or a homemade gift when a A practice of the past,tipping or restaurant,not just those who business (or your budget)doesn't the boss separately is no interact directly with customers. permit gratuities.Consider writing longer necessary.But if she So giving generously ensures a a review online,making sure to serves you,tip her as you fairer tip for all. name names. would any of her workers. 第4页共8页 As for specific situations,here's what the experts recommend: FOOD AND DRINKS Restaurant workers Old rule:Leave a tip only when you dine in. New rule:Always tip,even for takeout. Tip:15 to 20 percent when you dine in,and 10 to 15 percent on takeout or delivery orders. Personal shoppers Old rule:N/A(Not applicable).Many of these services,such as grocery pickup,are newer. New rule:Tip,and do it in the app,since you are unlikely to interact directly with your shopper. Tip:10 to 15 percent.If a tip is already included,add a few dollars extra. HOME DELIVERIES Package delivery drivers Old rule:Don't tip. New rule:Show appreciation if you get deliveries more than once a week. Tip:Drinks,snacks,or $5 to $20 if a package is particularly heavy or large.Postal workers cannot accept cash or gifts worth more than $50 per year.UPS tells drivers to decline tips unless a customer insists.And FedEx prohibits employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents(such as gift cards). Flower delivery drivers Old rule:The person who places the order tips those who deliver flowers(and other specialty items). New rule:You can't assume the gift giver already tipped,so if you're lucky enough to get such a delivery,pass the goodwill along in the form of a tip. Tip:$5 to $10. PERSONAL SERVICES Ride-share drivers Old rule:Tip in cash. New rule:Ask your driver.The Lyft and Uber apps let you add gratuities,but some drivers prefer cash. Tip:15 to 20 percent. 40.New rules of tipping are recommended because A.the pandemic has driven many businesses to financial ruin B.some people have to work from home without interaction C.customers dismiss the old standards as unfair to themselves D.some old tipping standards can't help some service workers out now 41.Which of the following is TRUE? A.Tip every worker fairly in case some may keep the money to himself B.The more you tip,the better service you will receive. C.Writing a review online is highly recommended to express gratitude. D.There is no need to tip the boss because he doesn't provide any service. 42. did best in tipping according to the recommended rules. Name Situation Tip Ginna order a roast goose($50)at Kam's Roasts for takeout $O for the waiter Joan take a delivery of a package from FedEx (bottled water,500ml, $10 for the FedEx delivery 24-pack) man Susan receive a bunch of flowers delivered by a Flower Plus driver $5(cash)for the gardenen Linn take a Uber ($15)from St Vincent's Hospital to the Central $3(cash)for the driver Library A.Ginna B.Joan C.Susan D.Linn (C) A few weeks ago,a well-meaning professor tried to explain the physiological process behind viruses and the 第5页共8页 human body in a tweet and was immediately criticized for a mistake in his information.He then issued an apology and deleted his erroneous tweet. Communicating science beyond the academic bubble is necessary to augmenting (public understanding of health and environmental issues and helping individuals make well-informed personal decisions. However,scientists who engage in science communication must acknowledge that even in their area,their expertise is deep but narrow.They need to recognize the constraints in their own knowledge.That is not to suggest that they only write or present on their own research,but rather,that they consult with an expert if the topic is outside of their discipline.Fact-checking with a scientist who works in the specialty will prevent the unintentional spread of misinformation,and the process of doing so may yield tiny pieces of interesting new information that can be incorporated. Some have argued that the public is not educated enough to understand scientific information,especially for any complex phenomena,but this is absurd.Science instruction can be found at all levels of public education with most secondary schools offering classes on biology,physics,and chemistry.If anything,social media has shown that the public craves knowledge based on a solid scientific foundation.Even the public discourse (that follows most scientific articles shows that online readers can understand even the most puzzling of scientific principles. It is equally necessary to emphasize that being an expert on a topic does not automatically make a scholar qualified to communicate it to a nonscientific audience.A number of scientists recently have been offering public-aimed explanations of scientific phenomena.Even though they have appropriate credentials,they often do very little in the way of explaining.One biologist shared a complex analogy()involving a library,books,paper, a recipe,ingredients,and a cake to explain the process behind vaccines.Any explanation that requires a written key to keep track of what each item represents is not a clear example for public consumption. Science communication is a science in and of itself.It requires rigorous training and instruction.A scientist should take communication courses that can teach a person how to identify and eliminate jargon (and how to develop effective analogies to explain complex concepts.One cannot assume communication expertise-imagine if someone just decided that they were a physicist and started trying to contribute to the field without the necessary background.Doing a poor job communicating science to the public will only create confusion and widen the gap between science and society,a gap that scientists are trying to close. 43.What does the author advise scientists do to deal with topics outside of their specialty? A.Write or present on them from new angles. B.Utilize information from diverse sources. C.Tum to a specialist for professional help. D.Fact-check with colleagues in-their field. 44.What can be learned from Paragraph 4? A.A solid academic foundation is essential to understanding puzzling scientific principles. B.Modem technology has facilitated communication between scientists and the public. C.Scientific articles have gained increasing popularity among the general public. D.The public's understanding of science is much better than some have claimed. 45.What does the example of the biologist who shared an intricate analogy show? A.It is helpful to use illustrations in explaining scientific phenomena. B.It is imperative to have appropriate titles to explain scientific issues. C.A leamed scholar is not necessarily a qualified science communicator. D.A nonscientific audience cannot correctly understand principles of science. 46.What does the author suggest scientists do to close the gap between science and society? A.Develop communication skills. B.Make appropriate use of scientific terms. C.Take courses in public speaking. D.Explain complex concepts scientifically. 第6页共8页 Section C Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentn given in the box.Each sentenc can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A.Employers also invest more in better educated workers by launching employer-sponsored employee education programs. B.According to an Oxford University study,nowadays employers are more likely to hire the first-year apprentices. C.Rather than just"upskilling"in a narrow way,people could choose to learn an entirely new skill or trade. D.But the truth is,the people who are being"upskilled"in today's economy are the ones who nced it the least. E.People can effectively train or upskill themselves to meet their specific professional peeds. F.But a retailer or warehouse company is not going to retrain its staff to help them move to a different sector. In the fog of uncertainty about how new technology will change the way we work,policymakers around the world have flocked to the same idea.No matter what the future brings,they say confidently,we will need to upskill the workforce in order to cope. The view sounds reassuringly sensible.If computers are growing smarter,humans will need to leamn to use them to humans'advantage.Otherwise,they may run the risk of being replaced by computers.47 Research published by the Social Mobility Commission shows that workers with degrees are over three times more likely to participate in training as adults than workers with no qualifications.That creates a virtuous circle for those who did well at school,and vicious circle for those who did not.If the robots are coming for both the accountants and the taxi drivers,you can bet the bean counters will be more able to retrain themselves out of danger. 48 In the UK,the government introduced an"apprenticeship levy"a few years ago in an attempt to force eniployers to spend more on training.A surprising number have responded by sending their senior managers on"apprenticeships"at business schools. It is no good criticizing employers for directing investments at their highly skilled workers.They are simply aiming for the highest retum they can get.And,for some types of lower-paid work,it is not always true that technological progress requires more skills.The UK's latest Employment and Skills Survey,which is performed every five years,suggests the use of literacy and numeracy skills at work has fallen since 2012,even as the use of computers has increased.The trouble is,when the computer makes your job easier one day,it might make it unnecessary the next.Many of those affected by automation will need to switch occupations,or even industries.49 It is time to revisit older ideas.The UK once had an energetic culture of night schools,for adults to attend after their day jobs.These institutions have been disappearing due to funding cuts.But a revival of night schools could be exactly what the 21st century needs.50They can also explore interests they never had a chance to nurture before. It is still not clear whether the impact of new technology on the labor market will come in a trickle or a flood. But in an already unequal world,continuing to reserve all the lifeboats for the better-off would be a dangerous mistake. 第7页共8页 III.Summary Writing (10) Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. 51.The life of a journalist can be exciting.To be in constant pursuit of the latest news demands a curiosity that can only be rewarded by getting to"where it is happening"as soon as possible.The goal,of course,is to relate what is happening to the public as clearly as possible. However,every journalist must be careful to report not only a vivid picture of what is happening,but a true picture.Each joumalist reports his or her own version of what has taken place.Still,this version must be an actual account if tbe reporter is to maintain a reliable reputation. In order to get to the truth in some news stories,a reporter must rely on the statements of someone who is on the inside of the situation.Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider's name.The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed. Because stories of this nature often involve criminal activity,reporting them becomes a dangerous job.This kind of work involved in obtaining news in this manner serves as an inviting situation for the underworld as well as the legal world.Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet.Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will obstruct()justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider's name. Devotion has given joumalism its reputation for reliability-a reliability that each journalist is expected to uphold in his or her search for trutt..Supplying atruthful account of each day's occurrences is the serious contract made between reporter and the public. V.Translation(15分) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 52.王老师知识面广博，被他的学生称为“活字典”。(refer) 53.这本小册子使我相信价格中包含送货费，但事实并非如此。dad) 54.许多体重正常的人，无论男女，都对时尚杂志中那些超瘦的模特儿无法产生认同感。(identify) 55只有极少数物种在这场严重的森林大火中幸存，这对当地的生态乃至社会经济发展将产生深远的影响。 (which) V.Guided Writing(25) 56.Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，开学以来，你们学校组织全校高三学生进行晚自习。安排如下：周一至 周四晚上，晚自习从6：30开始到8：30。学校规定高三年级学生必须参加晚自习，并且学生需要在学校食堂 用晚餐。但是有同学反映，这种安排并不一定有利于提高学习效率，因此校方委托学生会向同学们征集对 晚自习的意见，请你向学生会写封邮件。要求如下： 1.说明你认为目前晚自习时间安排存在的主要问题： 2。提出具体的改进建议和改进的理由。 (信中不得出现考生姓名，学校等真实信息) 第8页共8页