08 阅读理解之说明文（解题技巧+名校模拟）-备战 2025年中考英语之题型专项训练(通用版)

备战 2025年中考英语之题型专项训练(通用版) 08 阅读理解之说明文（解题技巧+名校模拟） 题型特点 说明文是一种以"说明、解释"为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据:更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是中考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。 说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法,因此说明文结构复杂,专业术语多,易于拉开考生分数档次,便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。 解题技巧 中考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风七人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点。叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解,说明文阅读理解的特征 一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即 who→what →when→ where→ how→-why。 1.who:问的是这篇文章的主体是谁?(即所要说明和描述的人或事物) 2.what:问的是主体做了什么事情?(即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途) 3. when 和 where:是在何时何地发生的?(即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途) 4.how:通过什么方式表现出来的? 5.why:这种特性功能用途的原因是什么? 做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的 wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。 中考真题 （1） Do you know that over 1/3 of all food produced in the world goes to waste? According to the United Nations (UN), every year around the world, about one billion (十亿) tons of food is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly one billion people who go hungry. Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger. In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change. What can we do to solve this food waste problem? One effective solution is balancing food production with demand (需求). In hotels and other similar places, special instruments should be used so that cooking specialists just prepare and cook food as it is ordered. Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce (减少) food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction. For example, stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality (质量). Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes. One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family. Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to eat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area. In a word, food waste has been one of the biggest problems in the world that have influenced us greatly. Many solutions have been found and many more are yet to be worked out. If each of us can put in more efforts, food waste is sure to be reduced for the good of our future. 1．According to the passage, what is a possible result of food waste? A．The problem of worldwide hunger. B．A big increase in food production. C．The speed-up of climate change. D．A sudden drop in population. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Food recycling has been hugely successful. B．Buyers should give up non-top quality food. C．Stores should train people to make delicious dishes. D．Meal plans in the family are hard to put into practice. 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．Benefits of reducing food waste. B．Solutions to the food waste problem. C．The importance of fighting food waste. D．The attitude to the food waste problem. （2） What does it mean to be green? Green is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment. Buying a green product is a small step everyone can take. Deciding whether a product is green, however, isn’t always easy. We need to consider the whole life cycle of the product even after it’s of no use. Here is what we may keep in mind. The materials of a product are usually our first focus (关注). What is it made of? Are there any harmful chemicals in it? Green products are made of more natural materials which are free from harmful chemicals, so they can be good for our physical health. Packaging is important. How is a product packaged? Is it over packaged? We’d better choose glass, metal and paper packaging, as these can be reused or more easily recycled (回收利用). We can also look for less packaging or even choose unbagged products whenever possible. Location (地点) matters. Where was a product produced? Where are we buying it? Think about how much energy was used to get it to us try to choose local products. When it comes to food, it is a good idea to order directly from local farmer, shop at markets and buy fruits in season. Buying from stores near our houses is also a good choice, because we can go there without driving a car. Look into what the company tells us about their product. It’s easy to say that a product is “green” or “all natural” but the words may be too good to be true. So, much of the information about a product should be taken with a grain of salt. After all, companies try to make us believe that their products are environmentally responsible. The greenest thing is certainly the one we don’t buy. Things like food and clothing are necessary for life. But many others are not. Better than buying is choosing to leave an unnecessary product in the store and doing without. It sends a message to the producer, keeps money in our pockets, reduces (减少) waste and keeps the planet healthy. 1．The writer would suggest choosing a product that is ________. A．over packaged B．delivered from abroad C．locally produced D．made of unnatural materials 2．The words “be taken with a grain of in salt” Paragraph 5 probably mean “________”. A．be easily understood B．not be completely believed C．be widely spread D．not be quickly forgotten 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Buying Green B．Recycling Waste C．Keeping Healthy D．Reducing Energy Use （3） About 80% of people do not get enough vitamin (维生素) D every day. But this vitamin is very important for your health. Vitamin D is really important for our bones (骨骼). When we are young, vitamin D builds up our bones and makes them strong. When we are older, we still need vitamin D to keep our bones strong. Our bodies keep the vitamin D in our bones and teeth. Then we lose vitamin D as we work and exercise during the day. But our bodies can’t make vitamin D．So we have to get it from outside of our bodies. Where can a person get this very important vitamin? Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs. Sometimes, vitamin D is added to bread, milk, and orange juice. Food is not the only way our bodies can get vitamin D．The sun also gives us vitamin D．If we want to be healthy, we should spend some time in the sun each day. Too much sun is not good for you, but about 15 minutes a day is usually enough. And we should be sure to eat foods that are rich in vitamin D, too. 1．The writer says that vitamin D ________. A．makes our bones strong B．keeps our hair clean C．is not necessary for our teeth D．is harmful to our hearts 2．Why do we have to get vitamin D from outside of our bodies? A．It makes us popular. B．It helps us eat more food. C．Our bodies can’t make vitamin D． D．The more vitamin D, the better. 3．According to the writer, people can get vitamin D by ________. A．eating fish B．watching TV C．working hard D．having a sleep 4．How long are we advised to spend in the sun each day? A．About 15 minutes.B．About 45 minutes. C．About 1 hour. D．About 2 hours. 5．Paragraph 3 mainly tells us ________. A．what vitamin D is B．where we can get vitamin D C．how much vitamin D we need D．why people don’t like vitamin D （4） Salt has always been important to people. In the past, it was as valuable as gold. Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt. Some early people got salt from rocks. In other places, people got salt from the sea. They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt. Today, people still get salt from the sea. But most salt comes from salt mines (矿) and salt wells (井). How do people get salt from salt mines? They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water. People once worked hard to find and make salt. Now, people can buy it at any food store. 1．Some early people got salt from ________. A．flowers B．fruits C．trees D．rocks 2．Why did people put sea water in the sun? A．To get salt. B．To catch fish. C．To wash clothes. D．To water crops. 3．How do people get salt from salt mines? A．By mixing sand with gold. B．By digging deep into the ground. C．By putting oil on rocks. D．By throwing stones into the sea. 4．What is the right order of getting salt from salt wells? a. The salt is taken out of the salt water. b. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. c. The salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. A．a-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-b-a D．b-a-c 5．The passage is mainly about ________. A．who discovered salt B．when we made salt C．where salt comes from D．how much salt we need （5） During their busy lives, people do not pay much attention to the expiry dates (有效期) on the food in their fridges. As a result, a lot of food is forgotten about and wasted. However, according to a recent research, being aware of (意识到) what you throw away can help you waste less. The researchers measured (计量) food waste from 154 families across the UK. Half of these families in the research were asked to list the fruits and vegetables they had bought and their expiry dates. The families stuck the list on the fridge door and received a text message every day telling them to check it. The other half did not have to make a list and did not receive text messages. Over a six-week period, all the families were asked to measure their food waste at the end of each week. The researchers were surprised to find that making lists and getting texts made little difference to how much food was wasted. However, each family in the research wasted less food—about 0.1 kilo a week. The researchers carried on the research for six months, and found that all the families continued to waste less food. This shows that just measuring food waste encourages people to pay closer attention to it and throw less away. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)? A．The research. B．The list. C．The door. D．The message. 2．What is introduced in paragraph 3 about the six-week research? A．Its purpose. B．Its method. C．Its steps. D．Its results. 3．Which of the following is the best title (标题) for the text? A．Measure Food Waste to Stop It B．Pay Attention to What You Buy C．Check the Food Before Storing It D．Give Thought to Your Busy Life （6） With the development of society, technology has greatly influenced our daily life. If we want to have delicious food cooked in the restaurant, we can order food through mobiles. In the future, our kitchens might be even smarter. For example, our fridges will tell us to eat vegetables while they are still fresh. Smart home technology has greatly improved our living space. A smart speaker uses AI (人工智能) technology to control lights, heat and more. What we need to do is to talk to the speaker. A smart lock allows us to open the door with our mobile phones. A smart doorbell allows us to see who is at the door on our mobile phones. Today, a smart watch can connect to our mobile phones and do many things. It can count our steps when we go running. We can share the route with others, so they will know where we are. It also supports messaging and phone calls. Scientists have developed a smart jacket with a special sleeve (袖子). Once it is connected to our mobile phones, it can start or stop music and give directions. It can also read or send text messages and answer calls. All we need to do is to touch the sleeve. Technology has managed to change the way we shop for clothes. Today, we can choose to buy things in a store, or shop online if we don’t want to go out. Technology allows us to see whether the clothes fit us before we buy them online. That way, we don’t need to worry about buying the wrong size online. Without doubt, the development of technology will continue to make shopping easier and more fun. 1．In the second paragraph (段落), the word “they” refers to (指的是) ________. A．vegetables B．fridges C．kitchens 2．According to paragraph 3 and paragraph 4, which of the following is TRUE? A．A smart lock can control light and heat. B．A smart doorbell allows us to open the door with our phones. C．Both a smart watch and a smart jacket can answer calls. 3．The underlined (画线的) word “route” in the passage means “ ________ ” in English. A．the shoes we wear B．the steps that we take C．the way from one place to another 4．According to the passage, when we buy clothes online, we needn’t worry about buying the wrong size because ________. A．we can choose to buy clothes in a store B．technology allows us to know if the clothes fit us before we buy them C．with technology, shopping will not be easier or more fun 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Technology can help us order food online. B．Technology has an influence on our daily life. C．A smart jacket can start or stop music. （7） Eat Well, Live Well We eat food so that we have energy to run, jump and play. We should have plenty of different things. We should eat plenty of dairy products such as milk, cheese, and so on. Along with fish, beans and meat, dairy products make us strong. Do it! Look for low-fat milk and cheese. They are healthier. We should also eat enough grain products so that we have energy to work and play. Grain products include bread, rice and noodles. Do it! Eat a certain amount (数量) of grain products to keep fit. Fruit and vegetables keep us healthy. We should eat plenty of them at every meal. Do it! Try to eat fruit and vegetables in different colors every day. Don’t forget to drink water. We should drink 6-8 glasses of water every day so that our bodies work properly. 1．Which of the following is a kind of dairy products? A．Fish. B．Beans. C．Milk. D．Noodles. 2．How many kinds of grain products are mentioned in the passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 3．Which is healthier than the other three according to the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the writer’s opinion about eating well? A．Grain products are the best of all. B．Eat plenty of food as you like every day. C．Vegetables make our bodies work properly. D．Have different kinds of food and enough water. 5．In which part of a magazine can we probably read the passage? A．Art. B．Sports. C．Health. D．Education. （8） So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2, 000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 1．In China, space scientists get ideas from ________ when naming satellites. ①old stories        ②traditional projects ③ancient famous people        ④ popular inventions A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④ 2．What do we know about Chang’e I according to the passage? A．It moves around the moon. B．It protects the Jade Rabbit. C．It “visits” the sun with the scientists. D．It is the world’s first man-made satellite. 3．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 4? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. D．By reporting a result. 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1            ②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To spread the traditional Chinese culture. B．To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C．To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. D．To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. （9） What should you do when you can’t find the time to do a long workout? Have you heard of exercise snacks (零食式锻炼)? Exercise snacks are a popular and inventive new way for people to stay fit. Instead of spending hours on the playground, people break that “large meal” into exercise “snacks”. These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes. Then you can have a rest for 30 minutes to four hours before another snack. It is reported that exercise snacks can be as useful as traditional exercise methods. Just three exercise snacks a day can benefit (使受益) your physical health. Besides that, there are lots of other benefits. Your concentration (专注力) and creativity get better, and you can become more productive. Also, “snacking” throughout the day stops you from sitting too long. There are so many acceptable exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs (楼梯). But for those who don’t know where to start, here are some helpful exercise choices: Exercises such as lifting weights will satisfy the needs. Since most people don’t keep weights at their offices, lift full water bottles. Squats (深蹲) — moving your body as if to sit down while keeping your back straight. Five to ten of these should make a good snack. For those who don’t like traditional exercises, simply turn up the music. Pick a lively song and start dancing. It’ll make for a fun workout. What are you waiting for? Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it! 1．How long can an exercise snack last according to the passage? A．20 seconds to two minutes. B．30 minutes to four hours. C．Five to ten minutes. 2．Which is an acceptable exercise snack mentioned in the passage? A．Doing math exercises. B．Eating snacks. C．Doing sit-ups. 3．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) to exercise snacks? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To change traditional eating habits. B．To introduce an inventive new way to stay fit. C．To encourage people to do long-time outdoor exercise. （10） Have you ever imagined what bees can do with their tiny brains? Now scientists are looking into a bee’s brain. Clint Perry, a scientist, has spent much time studying how bees think. He says studying bees is not very different from studying other animals. “The main difficulty is to design (设计) an experiment (实验) bee and get what we want,” he says. “With humans, we can ask them a question and get an answer. But we can’t use the same way to get an answer from bees. They are just trying to get sugar. Bees like sugar.” The fact that bees like sugar is helpful for scientists to design experiments. For example, in one experiment, Perry gave bees a task: to find delicious sugar on a landing place above a black bar (棒). Perry made the task easier or harder by moving the landing place farther from or closer to the black bar. He found that bees would avoid the task when it was difficult. And when the task was easy, bees would try it. As for humans, we might choose not to take a test when we weren’t ready for it. And we might choose to take the test when we were well prepared. In the same way, bees seemed to make decisions like humans. Perry points out that we are not sure whether bees actually make a thoughtful choice from experiments. Now scientists still do not know how bees manage to do so much with their tiny brains. But learning more about how bees’ brains work could help us learn more about how our own brains deal with information. 1．What did Perry study in his experiments? A．How bees sleep. B．How bees think. C．How bees dream. 2．What can we know from Paragraph 2? A．Bees can talk. B．Bees are lazy. C．Bees like sugar. 3．What would bees do when the task was easy according to Paragraph 3? A．They would try it. B．They would avoid it. C．They would praise it. 4．What’s the importance of looking into bees’ brains? A．It helps us learn how human brains work. B．It tells us how to make thoughtful choices. C．It lets us know how to deal with information. 5．Where is the article probably taken from? A．A travel magazine. B．A sports magazine. C．A science magazine. 参考答案 （1） 1．C 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食物浪费的现状以及四个解决食物浪费问题的方法，并得出结论：如果我们每个人都做出努力，食物浪费问题一定会有所改善。 1．细节理解题。根据“In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate change.”可知食物浪费可能造成的一个结果是气候变化的加速。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted.”可知家庭的膳食计划很难付诸实施。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“What can we do to solve this food waste problem?”以及通读全文可知主要介绍了四种解决食物浪费问题的方法。故选B。 （2） 1．C 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过解释“Green”这个词，呼吁大家保护环境。 1．推理判断题。根据“Think about how much energy was used to get it to us try to choose local products. When it comes to food, it is a good idea to order directly from local farmer, ...”可知，作者建议选择当地生产的产品，故选C。 2．词句猜测题。分析“So, much of the information about a product should be taken with a grain of salt. After all, companies try to make us believe that their products are environmentally responsible.”可知，公司试图让我们相信他们的产品对环境负责，但是我们应该秉持一个怀疑的态度，此处“be taken with a grain of salt”的意思是“不被完全相信”，故选B。 3．最佳标题题，本文作者通过解释“Green”这个词，呼吁大家保护环境。选项A“Buying Green”符合主题，故选A。 （3） 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了维他命D的重要性及如何获取维他命D。 1．细节理解题。根据“When we are young, vitamin D builds up our bones and makes them strong. When we are older, we still need vitamin D to keep our bones strong.”可知维他命D能使我们骨骼强壮。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“But our bodies can’t make vitamin D. So we have to get it from outside of our bodies.”可知必须从体外获取维他命D是因为我们的身体不能产生维他命D。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs.”可知可以通过吃鱼来获取维他命D。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“If we want to be healthy, we should spend some time in the sun each day. Too much sun is not good for you, but about 15 minutes a day is usually enough.”可知我们被建议每天在阳光中花费大约15分钟。故选A。 5．段落大意题。根据“Where can a person get this very important vitamin?”及全段内容可知第三段主要讲我们从哪里获得维生素D。故选B。 （4） 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。 1．细节理解题。根据“Some early people got salt from rocks.”可知，一些早期的人从岩石中得到盐。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt”可知，是为了得到盐，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground.”可知，人们通过深挖地下来从盐矿中获取盐。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water.”水通过其中一根管子往下输送。在盐井里，水和盐混合。它产生盐水。然后盐水通过另一根管子被推上来。然后，把盐从盐水中取出。由此可知，正确的顺序是：水通过其中一根管子往下输送→盐水从另一根管子被推上来→从盐水中取出盐。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt”，“Today, people still get salt from the sea”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。故选C。 （5） 1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于减少食物浪费的研究。 1．推理判断题。根据“The families stuck the list on the fridge door and received a text message every day telling them to check it.”可知，这些家庭把食物清单贴在冰箱门上，并且被要求每天检查。故此处it指代上文中提到的“清单”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。通读第三段可知，本段主要介绍了研究的结果。故选D。 3．最佳标题题。根据“This shows that just measuring food waste encourages people to pay closer attention to it and throw less away.”及全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于食物浪费的研究，研究发现，只要监测食物浪费情况就可以减少食物的浪费，故文章最佳标题是“Measure Food Waste to Stop It”。故选A。 （6） 1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文主要描述了智能技术在日常生活中的各方面应用。 1．词句猜测题。根据“For example, our fridges will tell us to eat vegetables while they are still fresh.”可知，我们的冰箱会告诉我们在蔬菜还新鲜的时候吃。“they”指的是前文的“vegetables蔬菜”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“A smart watch…It also supports messaging and phone calls.”和“A smart jacket… It can also read or send text messages and answer calls.”可知，智能手表和智能夹克都可以接电话。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“We can share the route with others, so they will know where we are.”可知，后句“他们就会知道我们在哪里”是对“share the route”的解释，即route指的是“从一个地方到另一个地方的路线”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Technology allows us to see whether the clothes fit us before we buy them online”可知，当我们在线购买衣服时，不用担心买错尺寸，因为技术可以让我们在购买前就知道衣服是否合身。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了科技对我们日常生活的影响。故选B。 （7） 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们应该如何健康合理地饮食。 1．细节理解题。根据“We should eat plenty of dairy products such as milk, cheese, and so on.”可知，牛奶是乳制品。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Grain products include bread, rice and noodles.”可知，文中提到了面包、米饭、面条三种谷类食物。故选B。 3．细节理解题。通读文章可知，一份健康的饮食应该包括乳制品、肉类、豆子、谷类食物、水果蔬菜以及水等。B选项缺少乳制品、肉类，C选项缺少水果蔬菜，D选项缺少乳制品，只有A选项种类齐全，更健康。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“We should have plenty of different things.”及“Don’t forget to drink water. We should drink 6-8 glasses of water every day”可知，作者认为我们应该吃各种不同的食物以及多喝水。故选D。 5．推理判断题。通读文章可知，本文主要介绍了健康合理的饮食，故可能在“健康”版块读到此文章。故选C。 （8） 1．B 12．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了嫦娥一号、“玉兔号”月球车、“墨子号”空间量子科学实验卫星等与中国古代传统文化之间的渊源，表明了我国传统文化对我国太空技术的深远影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names.”可知，太空科学家给卫星命名时受到古老的故事以及古代著名人物的启发。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I.”可知，嫦娥一号绕月运行。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example…”可知，文章第四段介绍科学家给卫星命名时还受到古代名人的启发，下文列举了“墨子号”的例子。故作者通过举例子的方式支持自己的观点。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。通读文章可知，第一段介绍文章主题，太空技术与古代传统文化有关系；第二、三、四段分别从中国传统故事以及古代著名人物方面介绍；最后一段总结全文，升华主题。故文章的结构是总（①）——分（②③④）——总（⑤）。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据“From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology.”及全文可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍中国的空间技术与中国传统文化之间的渊源，中国传统文化影响着我国的空间技术。故选D。 （9） 1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍零食式锻炼。 1．细节理解题。根据“These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes.”可知，这些练习可以持续20秒到2分钟。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“There are so many acceptable exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs (楼梯).”可知，这些练习可以持续20秒到2分钟。有很多可以接受的运动零食，比如做仰卧起坐、跳绳或上下楼梯，故选C。 3．观点态度题。根据“What are you waiting for? Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it!”可知，作者对零食式锻炼持支持的态度，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍零食式锻炼，是一种新颖的健身方式。故选B。 （10） 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍关于蜜蜂的一些信息。 1．细节理解题。根据“Clint Perry, a scientist, has spent much time studying how bees think.”可知，科学家克林特·佩里花了很多时间研究蜜蜂是如何思考的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Bees like sugar.”可知，蜜蜂喜欢糖。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“And when the task was easy, bees would try it.”可知，当任务很容易时，蜜蜂就会尝试。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“But learning more about how bees’ brains work could help us learn more about how our own brains deal with information.”可知，但更多地了解蜜蜂的大脑是如何工作的，可以帮助我们更多地了解人类大脑是如何处理信息的。故选A。 5．推理判断题。本文主要介绍关于蜜蜂的一些信息，所以可能在科学杂志上看到这篇文章，故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 备战 2025年中考英语之题型专项训练(通用版) 08 阅读理解之说明文（解题技巧+名校模拟） 题型特点 说明文是一种以"说明、解释"为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据:更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是中考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。 说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法,因此说明文结构复杂,专业术语多,易于拉开考生分数档次,便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。 解题技巧 中考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风七人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点。叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解,说明文阅读理解的特征 一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即 who→what →when→ where→ how→-why。 1.who:问的是这篇文章的主体是谁?(即所要说明和描述的人或事物) 2.what:问的是主体做了什么事情?(即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途) 3. when 和 where:是在何时何地发生的?(即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途) 4.how:通过什么方式表现出来的? 5.why:这种特性功能用途的原因是什么? 做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的 wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。 中考真题 （1） Do you know that over 1/3 of all food produced in the world goes to waste? According to the United Nations (UN), every year around the world, about one billion (十亿) tons of food is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly one billion people who go hungry. Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger. In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change. What can we do to solve this food waste problem? One effective solution is balancing food production with demand (需求). In hotels and other similar places, special instruments should be used so that cooking specialists just prepare and cook food as it is ordered. Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce (减少) food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction. For example, stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality (质量). Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes. One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family. Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to eat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area. In a word, food waste has been one of the biggest problems in the world that have influenced us greatly. Many solutions have been found and many more are yet to be worked out. If each of us can put in more efforts, food waste is sure to be reduced for the good of our future. 1．According to the passage, what is a possible result of food waste? A．The problem of worldwide hunger. B．A big increase in food production. C．The speed-up of climate change. D．A sudden drop in population. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Food recycling has been hugely successful. B．Buyers should give up non-top quality food. C．Stores should train people to make delicious dishes. D．Meal plans in the family are hard to put into practice. 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．Benefits of reducing food waste. B．Solutions to the food waste problem. C．The importance of fighting food waste. D．The attitude to the food waste problem. （2） What does it mean to be green? Green is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment. Buying a green product is a small step everyone can take. Deciding whether a product is green, however, isn’t always easy. We need to consider the whole life cycle of the product even after it’s of no use. Here is what we may keep in mind. The materials of a product are usually our first focus (关注). What is it made of? Are there any harmful chemicals in it? Green products are made of more natural materials which are free from harmful chemicals, so they can be good for our physical health. Packaging is important. How is a product packaged? Is it over packaged? We’d better choose glass, metal and paper packaging, as these can be reused or more easily recycled (回收利用). We can also look for less packaging or even choose unbagged products whenever possible. Location (地点) matters. Where was a product produced? Where are we buying it? Think about how much energy was used to get it to us try to choose local products. When it comes to food, it is a good idea to order directly from local farmer, shop at markets and buy fruits in season. Buying from stores near our houses is also a good choice, because we can go there without driving a car. Look into what the company tells us about their product. It’s easy to say that a product is “green” or “all natural” but the words may be too good to be true. So, much of the information about a product should be taken with a grain of salt. After all, companies try to make us believe that their products are environmentally responsible. The greenest thing is certainly the one we don’t buy. Things like food and clothing are necessary for life. But many others are not. Better than buying is choosing to leave an unnecessary product in the store and doing without. It sends a message to the producer, keeps money in our pockets, reduces (减少) waste and keeps the planet healthy. 1．The writer would suggest choosing a product that is ________. A．over packaged B．delivered from abroad C．locally produced D．made of unnatural materials 2．The words “be taken with a grain of in salt” Paragraph 5 probably mean “________”. A．be easily understood B．not be completely believed C．be widely spread D．not be quickly forgotten 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Buying Green B．Recycling Waste C．Keeping Healthy D．Reducing Energy Use （3） About 80% of people do not get enough vitamin (维生素) D every day. But this vitamin is very important for your health. Vitamin D is really important for our bones (骨骼). When we are young, vitamin D builds up our bones and makes them strong. When we are older, we still need vitamin D to keep our bones strong. Our bodies keep the vitamin D in our bones and teeth. Then we lose vitamin D as we work and exercise during the day. But our bodies can’t make vitamin D．So we have to get it from outside of our bodies. Where can a person get this very important vitamin? Vitamin D is in foods like fish and eggs. Sometimes, vitamin D is added to bread, milk, and orange juice. Food is not the only way our bodies can get vitamin D．The sun also gives us vitamin D．If we want to be healthy, we should spend some time in the sun each day. Too much sun is not good for you, but about 15 minutes a day is usually enough. And we should be sure to eat foods that are rich in vitamin D, too. 1．The writer says that vitamin D ________. A．makes our bones strong B．keeps our hair clean C．is not necessary for our teeth D．is harmful to our hearts 2．Why do we have to get vitamin D from outside of our bodies? A．It makes us popular. B．It helps us eat more food. C．Our bodies can’t make vitamin D． D．The more vitamin D, the better. 3．According to the writer, people can get vitamin D by ________. A．eating fish B．watching TV C．working hard D．having a sleep 4．How long are we advised to spend in the sun each day? A．About 15 minutes.B．About 45 minutes. C．About 1 hour. D．About 2 hours. 5．Paragraph 3 mainly tells us ________. A．what vitamin D is B．where we can get vitamin D C．how much vitamin D we need D．why people don’t like vitamin D （4） Salt has always been important to people. In the past, it was as valuable as gold. Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt. Some early people got salt from rocks. In other places, people got salt from the sea. They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt. Today, people still get salt from the sea. But most salt comes from salt mines (矿) and salt wells (井). How do people get salt from salt mines? They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water. People once worked hard to find and make salt. Now, people can buy it at any food store. 1．Some early people got salt from ________. A．flowers B．fruits C．trees D．rocks 2．Why did people put sea water in the sun? A．To get salt. B．To catch fish. C．To wash clothes. D．To water crops. 3．How do people get salt from salt mines? A．By mixing sand with gold. B．By digging deep into the ground. C．By putting oil on rocks. D．By throwing stones into the sea. 4．What is the right order of getting salt from salt wells? a. The salt is taken out of the salt water. b. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. c. The salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. A．a-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-b-a D．b-a-c 5．The passage is mainly about ________. A．who discovered salt B．when we made salt C．where salt comes from D．how much salt we need （5） During their busy lives, people do not pay much attention to the expiry dates (有效期) on the food in their fridges. As a result, a lot of food is forgotten about and wasted. However, according to a recent research, being aware of (意识到) what you throw away can help you waste less. The researchers measured (计量) food waste from 154 families across the UK. Half of these families in the research were asked to list the fruits and vegetables they had bought and their expiry dates. The families stuck the list on the fridge door and received a text message every day telling them to check it. The other half did not have to make a list and did not receive text messages. Over a six-week period, all the families were asked to measure their food waste at the end of each week. The researchers were surprised to find that making lists and getting texts made little difference to how much food was wasted. However, each family in the research wasted less food—about 0.1 kilo a week. The researchers carried on the research for six months, and found that all the families continued to waste less food. This shows that just measuring food waste encourages people to pay closer attention to it and throw less away. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)? A．The research. B．The list. C．The door. D．The message. 2．What is introduced in paragraph 3 about the six-week research? A．Its purpose. B．Its method. C．Its steps. D．Its results. 3．Which of the following is the best title (标题) for the text? A．Measure Food Waste to Stop It B．Pay Attention to What You Buy C．Check the Food Before Storing It D．Give Thought to Your Busy Life （6） With the development of society, technology has greatly influenced our daily life. If we want to have delicious food cooked in the restaurant, we can order food through mobiles. In the future, our kitchens might be even smarter. For example, our fridges will tell us to eat vegetables while they are still fresh. Smart home technology has greatly improved our living space. A smart speaker uses AI (人工智能) technology to control lights, heat and more. What we need to do is to talk to the speaker. A smart lock allows us to open the door with our mobile phones. A smart doorbell allows us to see who is at the door on our mobile phones. Today, a smart watch can connect to our mobile phones and do many things. It can count our steps when we go running. We can share the route with others, so they will know where we are. It also supports messaging and phone calls. Scientists have developed a smart jacket with a special sleeve (袖子). Once it is connected to our mobile phones, it can start or stop music and give directions. It can also read or send text messages and answer calls. All we need to do is to touch the sleeve. Technology has managed to change the way we shop for clothes. Today, we can choose to buy things in a store, or shop online if we don’t want to go out. Technology allows us to see whether the clothes fit us before we buy them online. That way, we don’t need to worry about buying the wrong size online. Without doubt, the development of technology will continue to make shopping easier and more fun. 1．In the second paragraph (段落), the word “they” refers to (指的是) ________. A．vegetables B．fridges C．kitchens 2．According to paragraph 3 and paragraph 4, which of the following is TRUE? A．A smart lock can control light and heat. B．A smart doorbell allows us to open the door with our phones. C．Both a smart watch and a smart jacket can answer calls. 3．The underlined (画线的) word “route” in the passage means “ ________ ” in English. A．the shoes we wear B．the steps that we take C．the way from one place to another 4．According to the passage, when we buy clothes online, we needn’t worry about buying the wrong size because ________. A．we can choose to buy clothes in a store B．technology allows us to know if the clothes fit us before we buy them C．with technology, shopping will not be easier or more fun 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Technology can help us order food online. B．Technology has an influence on our daily life. C．A smart jacket can start or stop music. （7） Eat Well, Live Well We eat food so that we have energy to run, jump and play. We should have plenty of different things. We should eat plenty of dairy products such as milk, cheese, and so on. Along with fish, beans and meat, dairy products make us strong. Do it! Look for low-fat milk and cheese. They are healthier. We should also eat enough grain products so that we have energy to work and play. Grain products include bread, rice and noodles. Do it! Eat a certain amount (数量) of grain products to keep fit. Fruit and vegetables keep us healthy. We should eat plenty of them at every meal. Do it! Try to eat fruit and vegetables in different colors every day. Don’t forget to drink water. We should drink 6-8 glasses of water every day so that our bodies work properly. 1．Which of the following is a kind of dairy products? A．Fish. B．Beans. C．Milk. D．Noodles. 2．How many kinds of grain products are mentioned in the passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 3．Which is healthier than the other three according to the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the writer’s opinion about eating well? A．Grain products are the best of all. B．Eat plenty of food as you like every day. C．Vegetables make our bodies work properly. D．Have different kinds of food and enough water. 5．In which part of a magazine can we probably read the passage? A．Art. B．Sports. C．Health. D．Education. （8） So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2, 000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 1．In China, space scientists get ideas from ________ when naming satellites. ①old stories        ②traditional projects ③ancient famous people        ④ popular inventions A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④ 2．What do we know about Chang’e I according to the passage? A．It moves around the moon. B．It protects the Jade Rabbit. C．It “visits” the sun with the scientists. D．It is the world’s first man-made satellite. 3．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 4? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. D．By reporting a result. 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1            ②=Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To spread the traditional Chinese culture. B．To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C．To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. D．To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. （9） What should you do when you can’t find the time to do a long workout? Have you heard of exercise snacks (零食式锻炼)? Exercise snacks are a popular and inventive new way for people to stay fit. Instead of spending hours on the playground, people break that “large meal” into exercise “snacks”. These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes. Then you can have a rest for 30 minutes to four hours before another snack. It is reported that exercise snacks can be as useful as traditional exercise methods. Just three exercise snacks a day can benefit (使受益) your physical health. Besides that, there are lots of other benefits. Your concentration (专注力) and creativity get better, and you can become more productive. Also, “snacking” throughout the day stops you from sitting too long. There are so many acceptable exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs (楼梯). But for those who don’t know where to start, here are some helpful exercise choices: Exercises such as lifting weights will satisfy the needs. Since most people don’t keep weights at their offices, lift full water bottles. Squats (深蹲) — moving your body as if to sit down while keeping your back straight. Five to ten of these should make a good snack. For those who don’t like traditional exercises, simply turn up the music. Pick a lively song and start dancing. It’ll make for a fun workout. What are you waiting for? Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it! 1．How long can an exercise snack last according to the passage? A．20 seconds to two minutes. B．30 minutes to four hours. C．Five to ten minutes. 2．Which is an acceptable exercise snack mentioned in the passage? A．Doing math exercises. B．Eating snacks. C．Doing sit-ups. 3．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) to exercise snacks? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To change traditional eating habits. B．To introduce an inventive new way to stay fit. C．To encourage people to do long-time outdoor exercise. （10） Have you ever imagined what bees can do with their tiny brains? Now scientists are looking into a bee’s brain. Clint Perry, a scientist, has spent much time studying how bees think. He says studying bees is not very different from studying other animals. “The main difficulty is to design (设计) an experiment (实验) bee and get what we want,” he says. “With humans, we can ask them a question and get an answer. But we can’t use the same way to get an answer from bees. They are just trying to get sugar. Bees like sugar.” The fact that bees like sugar is helpful for scientists to design experiments. For example, in one experiment, Perry gave bees a task: to find delicious sugar on a landing place above a black bar (棒). Perry made the task easier or harder by moving the landing place farther from or closer to the black bar. He found that bees would avoid the task when it was difficult. And when the task was easy, bees would try it. As for humans, we might choose not to take a test when we weren’t ready for it. And we might choose to take the test when we were well prepared. In the same way, bees seemed to make decisions like humans. Perry points out that we are not sure whether bees actually make a thoughtful choice from experiments. Now scientists still do not know how bees manage to do so much with their tiny brains. But learning more about how bees’ brains work could help us learn more about how our own brains deal with information. 1．What did Perry study in his experiments? A．How bees sleep. B．How bees think. C．How bees dream. 2．What can we know from Paragraph 2? A．Bees can talk. B．Bees are lazy. C．Bees like sugar. 3．What would bees do when the task was easy according to Paragraph 3? A．They would try it. B．They would avoid it. C．They would praise it. 4．What’s the importance of looking into bees’ brains? A．It helps us learn how human brains work. B．It tells us how to make thoughtful choices. C．It lets us know how to deal with information. 5．Where is the article probably taken from? A．A travel magazine. B．A sports magazine. C．A science magazine. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$