Unit1 A New Start 句子成分及基本结构 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版(2019)必修第一册

2024-11-04
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句子的成分与基本句型 句子成分 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 ,除了这八种主要成分之外,还有独立成分的说法。独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系,能用作独立成分的有感叹语、呼语和插入语。 突破1主语(Subject) 一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象,是一个句子所叙述的 或动作的 ,一般位于 。比如: The room is very clean. (名词) We often speak English. (代词) 【即时演练】 划出句子中的主语 1. 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 2. Swimming is my favorite. 3. To teach them English is my job 4. What we need is food. 5. Smoking does harm to the health. 6. The rich should help the poor. 7. It is necessary to master a foreign language. 突破2谓语(Verb) 谓语必须由 充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。 如: He practices running every morning. (动词) 2、复合谓语:由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。 如: He can speak English. (情态动词+动词原形) He didn’t finish the task on time. (助动词+动词原形) I have submitted my application. (助动词+动词过去分词) 【即时演练】用谓语补全句子。 1. 2. He playing football. 他不喜欢踢足球。 3. I the film before. 我之前看过这部电影。 4. 他喜欢画画。 突破3 表语(Predicative) 表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样,它一般位于系动词 ,构成主系表结构,说明主语的状况,性质,特征等。 常见的系动词口诀: 例子:划线部分均为表语: · · I am a teacher. (名词) · He became rich and successful. (形容词) 【即时演练1】 划出句子中的表语 1 2 They are at home now. 3 You look younger than before. 4 My job is to teach them English · 【即学即练2】补全句子 1 I’m right now. 我现在是一名学生 2 Your father seemed . 你的父亲看起来生气了。 3 His hobby is . 他的爱好是踢足球。 突破4宾语(Object) 宾语表示动作的 ,一般位于及物动词或介词 。宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成 和 。可以作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、宾语从句等。 · · He is playing the piano. (名词) · He often helps me. (代词) · He likes watching TV. (动词ing) 双宾语:IO +DO 在动词后所跟的双宾语中,表示 的叫 做 ,表示 的叫做 . He read us the text. →He read the text to us. 【即时演练1】划出句子中的宾语 ① Sally wrote a letter. ② She likes to sleep in the open air. 【即时演练2】补全句子 ① She enjoys _________________. 她喜欢住在中国。 ② __________________________. 他喜欢和汤姆一起工作。 【即时演练3】标注出句子中的直接宾语和间接宾语。 1 2 My sister wrote me a letter. 3 Her mother made her a cake. 4 Her father bought a new pen for her. 突破5宾语补足语(Object complement) 英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。 例子:划线部分为宾语补足语 · · We called him Dongdong. (名词) · We saw him playing soccer. (现在分词) · We found math difficult. (形容词) 【即时演练1】划出句子中的宾补成分。 1 I saw you standing outside. 2 New technologies make life easy and convenient. 3 She cooked her son a delicious meal. 【即时演练2】补全句子 1 My mother bought me _______________ yesterday. 昨天我妈妈给我买了一支新钢笔。 2 we keep the classroom _____________. 我们保持教室整洁。 3 ________________________________. 我们叫他汤姆 4 ________________________________. 杰克给我看了他的照片。 简单句的五种基本结构 1、_______________________________________________________________________________________ 2、_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3、_______________________________________________________________________________________ 4、_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5、_______________________________________________________________________________________ 基本句型一:S V(主+谓) 这类句子的谓语动词都是 ,即动词后都 宾语,但可以带状语。 · I can swim. · Everything changes. · The plane has arrived on time. 基本句型二:S V O(主+谓+宾) 这类句子的谓语动词都是 ,即动词后都 宾语。 · I like English. · They are reading books. · He bought a computer last week. 基本句型三:S V IO DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:“给”,pass“递”,bring“带”,show“显示”。这两个宾语通常一个指 ,为 ;一个指 ,为 。 · · My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. · Can you give me the math book? 基本句型四:S V O OC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 此句型的句子特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来对宾语进行补充说明,才能使意思完整。 · We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. · My mother asks me to say more. · I heard her singing happily just now. 基本句型五:S V P(主+系+表) 有些动词既可作系动词,又可以作实义动词。如何来辨别呢?有一个最简便的方法,即用系动词be替换句子中的这些动词。如果句子仍然成立,那么该词就是系动词;反之,不能替换的,就是实义动词。例如: ①She looks beautiful.(looks变为is之后,句意没有大的变化,所以此处looks是系动词) ②Look at the picture,(Look 不能换为Be,所以此处Look为实义动词) 拓展训练 I.辨别下列句中斜体的动词是系动词还是实义动词 1.The door stays open at night. 2.He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious. 3. The book still lies open on the desk. 4.What he said proved true. 5. He can't prove his theory. 自主训练 I. 写出划线部分在句子中所作的成分。 1. Mike felt very happy.( ) 2. My mother gave me a new bike. ( ) 3. Computers are important in our daily life. ( ) 4. Sometimes Linda helped her mother with the housework. ( ) 5. The boss showed us a new camera. ( ) 6. Lucy is a pretty girl. ( ) 7. Tom bought his daughter nice gifts. ( ) 8. You can walk in the park. ( ) 9. He works in a big company. ( ) 10. The death of my pet made me sad. ( ) 11. To tell the truth, you've given me a lot of help. ( ) 12. This is Paul, my elder brother. ( ) 13. We all study hard at English. ( ) 14. Betty likes her new bike very much. ( ) 15. Were you at home last night? ( ) 16. Winter is the coldest season of the year. ( ) II. 判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型。 A. 主语+系动词+表语 B. 主语+不及物动词 C. 主造+及物动词+宾语 D. 主语+及物动诃+间接宾语+直接宾语 E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 F. There + be +主语+其他 ( )1.1 often see some children swim in the river. ( )2. The man bought his son a bike today. . ( )3. It snowed heavily last week. ( )4. There arc some kites in the sky. ( )5. The food in this restaurant tastes very delicious. ( )6. Mr. Wang told us to keep quiet. ( )7. My mother usually washes clothes in the morning. ( )8. The news makes us happy. ( )9. The soldiers kept their beds clean and tidy. ( )10. An accident happened last night. ( )11. Mr. Brown teaches Chinese. ( )12. This kind of trees can stay green in winter. III. 完成句子,每空一词。 1. 明天我将给我女儿买辆新自行车。 I will buy a________ ________ ________ my daughter tomorrow. 2. 看!他们在画画。 Look! They are ________. 3. 这块蛋糕尝起来很美味。 The cake________very________. 4. Ann邀请她的朋友们参加她的生日聚会。 Ann asked her friends ________ ________to her birthday party. 5. 我不会让你走. I won’t ________you________. 6. 你可以跟我来。我将给你指路。 You can________ ________. I’ll show you the way. 7. 桌上有些鲜花. ________ ________some fresh flowers on the table. 8. 我认为与那个人谈话是无用的。 I thought it ________ ________talking with that man. 9. 这学期我己经给我父母写了三封信了。 This term 1 have written three letters________ ________ ________. 10. 他请我们参加游戏。 He ________ ________ ________join in the game. IV. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语。 1. 昨天我给Jane看了一些照片。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 我发现一些孩子在河里游泳。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. 这个想法听起来很有趣。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. 你认识这些女孩儿吗? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. 这部电影让我很伤心。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. 这本书畅销吗? _____________________________________________________________________ 7. 这个孩子的作业中有一些错误。 _____________________________________________________________________ $$

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Unit1 A New Start 句子成分及基本结构 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版(2019)必修第一册
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Unit1 A New Start 句子成分及基本结构 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版(2019)必修第一册
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Unit1 A New Start 句子成分及基本结构 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版(2019)必修第一册
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