Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版(2020)必修第一册

Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage What is the significance of setting goals? Lead in Setting goals gives a focus in life. Setting goals helps develop good habits. Setting goals makes one more confident. Vocabulary 1. focus be the focus of attention 成为关注的焦点 the main focus of attention at the meeting 会议上关注的主要焦点 focus on/upon 集中于/专注于 focus one's attention/energy/mind on/ upon 集中注意力/精力/心思于 练习：Do not __________ on these little things and have fun with your friends. focus Vocabulary 2. detail in detail 详细地 leave out the detail 省去细节 go into detail(s) 详细叙述；逐一说明 have an eye for detail 善于发现细节 for further details 欲知详情 detailed adj. 详细的；细致的；精细的 练习：They went through all the __________ (detail) of the plan again to make sure that the project would go smoothly. details Vocabulary 3. tip a tip on/for doing sth.（做）某事的建议 a useful tip 有用的建议 a simple tip 简单的窍门 the tip of her nose 她的鼻尖 give/offer a tip 付小费，给小费 练习：I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home for dinner, get a few cooking __________ (tip) from her. tips Vocabulary 4. base base. . .on. . . 以……为根据/基础 basic adj. 基本的，基础的 basically adv. 基本上；根本上 basis n. 基础（强调抽象） on the basis of 基于，根据 练习：The research group produced two reports __________ on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions. based Vocabulary 5. remind remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某物 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind sb. that… 提醒某人…… 练习：I think it's always nice to have something to __________ you of the house where we lived in a foreign country. remind Vocabulary 6. stick to stick in sth. 陷入……，陷住；动不了 stick out 伸出；探出；醒目，显眼 练习：I think there will be an invention that will help prevent drivers from getting __________ in traffic jams. stuck Vocabulary 7. as a result of as a result 结果；因此 without result 毫无结果 result from 由……引起 result in 导致；造成 练习： __________ a result of their joint effort, the difficult situation changed into a favourable one. As Exploring the rules On the first day of school, Miss Yan gave a short speech about the importance of setting goals. Pay attention to the underlined sentences and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you. Exploring the rules Albert Einstein said, "If you want to live a happy life, tie it to a goal." (1) I agree. Goals are important in many ways. (2) Setting goals gives you a focus in life. By setting goals now, you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future. Then you know where you are going in life and can work hard to get there. Setting goals also helps you Exploring the rules develop good habits. To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details. (3) These habits will be helpful. Finally, (4) setting goals makes you more confident. When you achieve a goal, you see the result of your hard work Exploring the rules and know how much progress you have made. A goal is a dream that needs action. As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully (5) you will live a happy life. Exploring the rules Subject Verb I agree. Subject Verb Predicative Subject Verb Object Subject Verb Indirect object Direct object Subject Verb Object Object complement These habits will be helpful. You will have a happy life. Setting goals gives you a focus in life. Setting goals makes you more confident. Exploring the rules Working out the rules · The subject and the (1) _______ are necessary parts of a sentence. · A transitive verb is always followed by a(n) (2) _______. · Some verbs can have two objects.The indirect object usually refers to a person and the direct object a thing. · The object complement adds more information about the object. verb object Grammar Sentence elements and sentence structures 构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语中的句子成分有：主语(Subject ) 、谓语(Predicate)、宾语(Object ) 、表语(Predicative ) 、定语(Attributive ) 、状语(Adverbial ) 、补足语(Complement )和同位语(Appositive )。其中，主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。 一、句子成分 Grammar 1. 主语(subject) 指句子所谈论的主体，表示句子所要说明的人或事物。一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式或从句等充当。动名词、不定式和从句等作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，可用it作形式主语。 Grammar The Great Wall is one of the most famous wonders in the world.  He likes playing computer games.  Two and two is four.  Learning foreign languages is more and more popular.  To finish the work on time is the most important thing for me.  What the teacher said just now was the rules in his class. Grammar 2. 谓语(verb) 指谓语部分的主要动词，说明主语所做的动作或主语的特征和状态。一般位于主语之后，由动词、动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词／情态动词＋实义动词”充当，有时态、语态和语气的变化，同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。 Grammar （1）简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 Class began. I love my mother. The weather is nice. We study hard everyday. He often listens to music. Many students join school clubs. Grammar （2）复合谓语： ①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成 ②由系动词加表语构成 He can speak English. I did see her yesterday. We have finished the task. They are watching TV now. Grammar 3. 宾语(Object) 表示动作的对象（动宾）或介词涉及的对象（介宾）。一般位于及物动词或介词之后。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式或从句充当。双宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语：表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object)，表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。 Grammar We like English. I know him very well. You can call 110 for help. She enjoys living in China. Remember to tell him to come. I hope that I can go there to study. Please pass me the book. Jack offered me some helpful advice. Grammar 4. 表语(Predicative) 说明主语的身份、特征或状态。一般位于系动词之后，由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、分词、不定式、动名词、介词短语或从句等充当。 Grammar I am a student. Money isn't everything. The boy is only five. He soon became famous. Tom stays alone. He got lost in the forest. My job is teaching English. My wish is to become an artist. The map is on the wall. This is how the story goes. Grammar 5. 补语(Complement) 补语也叫补足语，最常见的是宾语补足语和主语补足语，用来补充说明宾语或主语的特征或情况。一般由名词、形容词、副词、分词、不定式或介词短语充当。 Grammar We make him our monitor. New technologies make life easy and convenient. We keep the dog out. I can see her dancing there. When he arrived, he found all the people gone. She asked me to lend her my bike. Please make yourself at home. Grammar 6. 定语 (Attributive) 修饰名词或代词。用来说明人或事物的品质和特征。一般由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、分词、不定式、动名词、介词短语或从句等充当。单个词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前；短语或从句作定语时，放在被修饰词之后。 Grammar His father works in a shoe factory. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. I went to a large library yesterday. Look at the pictures below. The problem solved yesterday was very important. He doesn't have anything to do at the moment. I've got so much teaching experience. The boy in the classroom is Jack. Do you know the man who's standing there? Grammar 7. 状语(Adverbial) 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。说明动作或状态特征，表示动作发生的时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、方式、程度、条件、让步、伴随等。一般由名词、数词、形容词、副词、分词、不定式、介词短语或从句等充当。 Grammar Wait a minute. I've done it hundreds of times. I got home, tired and thirsty. Light travels very quickly. They came out of the classroom, talking and laughing. Mr Black came back drunk that night. He is proud to have passed the exam. He has lived in the city for ten years. If it doesn't rain, we'll go camping tomorrow. Grammar 8. 同位语(Apposition) 通常位于名词或代词之后，进一步解释说明它们的性质和情况。一般由名词、代词、数词或从句等充当。同位语在句中和前面的名词指同一人或同一物，同作一种句子成分，去掉后不影响句意。 Grammar Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment. She is the oldest among them six. The news that he is ill worries us. We have two children, a boy and a girl. The news that he had passed the exam delighted his mother. Thank you $$