内容正文:
语法单元
Unit4 Smart home
教师______
学校______
现在完成时
01
现在完成时的概念
3
I have a dinner .——一般现在时态(现在的状态)——do|does
I am having an dinner .——现在进行时态(此时此刻正在发生)
—— am|is + doing
I had a dinner .——一般过去时态(过去发生的事情)——did
I was having a dinner .——过去进行时态(过去某个时刻正在发生)
——was|were + doing
I will have a dinner .——一般将来时态(将来发生的事情)——will + do
总结:所有的时态都体现在句子的谓语动词上面
句子中的不同的时态对应的谓语动词结构不一样。
怎么判断时态
4
现在完成时态体现在句子中的哪里?
怎么可以判断句子用了现在完成时态?
谓语动词
5
I have opened the door.
我已经开了门。
01
you have had dinner .
你已经吃完饭了。
02
She has finished the housework.
她已经完成了家庭作业。
03
现在完成时态
6
have/has done
现在完成时态的标志
7
Peter, wash the dishes, please.
Mum, I have already washed them.
future
present
past
washed the dishes
定义:现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,并对现在有影响,或和现在有关联。
注意:这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。
1. I've already read this book.
我已经读过这本书了。
2.I've already washed my clothes .
我已经洗了衣服。
(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”)
(洗衣服的动作已完成,和现在的关联是“衣服现在是干净的”。)
Someone has broken the window.
I have already finished my homework.
He hasn’t read that story yet .
02
现在完成时的结构
11
速记口诀:
动词现在完成时,表示动作已发生
动作发生在过去,但和现在有关联have./has加ed, 结构一定要牢记
单三人称选has, 其他一律用have
have/has+ V-ed
Past participles
A. +ed
B. +d
C. 双写词尾+ed
D. y i +ed
finish
cry
arrive
stop
work
drop
live
study
Irregular Verbs
Verbs
Past tense
Past participle
cost
cost
cost
come
came
come
buy
bought
bought
go
went
gone
A
B
C
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
A
B
03
现在完成时的标志词
15
现在完成时的标志词 1
标志词:already(已经), yet(已经)
I have already seen this film. 我已经看过这部电影了。
I haven’t seen this film yet. 我还没有看这部电影。
Have you seen this film yet? 你看过这部电影了没?
速记口诀:
肯定句中already, 否定疑问yet换
句中要用already, 句子末尾yet现
already yet ever never just
已经
已经,尚未
肯定句 否定句/疑问句
句中 句末
注意
曾经
疑问句/肯定句
句中
从未
表否定
句中
刚刚
肯定句
句中
现在完成时的标志词 2
since: (自…以来)
since+时间点
He has stayed here since 5 o’clock.
since+ 时间段+ ago
He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.
现在完成时的标志词 2
since+ 从句
She has taught English since he came here.
for: (长达)for+ 时间段
He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
过去分词的变化(规则)
一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked
以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived
以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 “y” 变为 “i”,再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied
重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。
drop---dropped--dropped
20
过去分词的变化(不规则)
A.过去分词与不规则动词的过去式形式一样
have—had—had spend —spent—spent
make—made—made say—said—said
find—found—found hear—heard—heard
meet—met—met leave—left—left
fly—flied—flied
21
过去分词的变化(不规则)
B.过去分词与过去式形式不一样
take—took—taken see — saw — seen
speak —spoke—spoken sing—sang—sung
drive—drove—driven be—was/were—been
go—went—gone
22
过去分词的变化(不规则)
C.过去分词,过去式与动词原形一样
cut—cut—cut
put —put—put
let—let—let
read—read—read
23
04
现在完成时的用法
24
一、已经完成的动作,强调对现在有影响。
I have already cleaned the toilet.
I have just watered the flowers.
25
二、还没有做或从来没做过的事情
I haven’t taken a shower yet.
I have never been to Egypt.
26
三、做一件事做过几次
I have seen ‘Titanic’ twice.
He has been to the toilet five times.
27
四、见过、听过的最………的
He is the fattest man I have ever seen.
This is the most beautiful music I have ever heard.
28
五、从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态
He has lived in Beijing for 30 years. He has lived in Beijing since 1981.
29
第三部分 习题演练
03
行业PPT模板http:///hangye/
【1】
----Is everyone here, Jonathan?
----No. Sir. Millie is absent. She for two days.
A.has fallen ill B. has been ill C. fell ill D. was ill
【析】正确答案B。句意是:乔纳森,人到齐了吗?老师,没有。米莉缺席了。她生病已经两天了。Fall ill与be ill都表示“生病”,但fall ill为非延续性动词,在现在完成时中不可与段时间连用,须转换为be ill才可以,所以,正确答案为B。
模板来自于: 第一PPT https:///
行业PPT模板http:///hangye/
【2】
---Jenny, your new tape player looks great.
----Oh, it’s not new. I _____ it for three years.
A.buy B.have had C.bought D.have bought
【析】正确答案:B。句意是:詹妮,你的新随身听看上很不错啊!哦,它不是新的。我已经买了3年了。非延续性动词buy在现在完成时中,不可与段时间状语连用,因此,须转换为延续性同义动词have或own。所以,正确答案为B 。
模板来自于: 第一PPT https:///
行业PPT模板http:///hangye/
【3】China has been able to make big planes like C919 with scientists’ great effects. (一般疑问句)
______ China ______ able to make big planes like C919 with scientists’ great effects?
【4】
布朗(Brown) 一家人已经在上海生活10年了
The Browns have lived in Shanghai _______ 10 years ago.
Has
been
since
模板来自于: 第一PPT https:///
行业PPT模板http:///hangye/
【5】这部电影已经上映两个月了。
This film ____________________ for two months.
【6】他们已经采取行动挽救野生动物了吗?
Have they ___________________ to save wild animals yet?
【7】我还没有看完这本书。
I ______________________________ the book yet.
has been on
taken action
haven't finished reading
模板来自于: 第一PPT https:///
see you again
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