精品解析：上海市闵行区六校联考2024-2025学年高二上学期10月期中英语试题

2024学年第一学期期中考试 高二英语试卷 （考试时间120分钟，满分140分。请将答案填涂在答题纸上。） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. $30. B. $27. C. $20. D. $10. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He may feel better soon. B. He doesn’t like to take pills. C. He may not be able to wake up on time. D. He may want to take the pills without food. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Post her the paper after the deadline. B. Hand in a handwritten draft of the paper. C. Attend a conference with her two weeks later. D. Complete the course without handing in the paper. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Lose some weight. B. Shop for new clothes. C. Have his jeans altered. D. Wear clothes that fit better. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Sharpen the man’s pencil. B. Ask the model to move his arm. C. Give the man a new sheet of paper. D. Show the man a drawing technique. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Disappointed. B. Curious. C. Satisfied. D. Casual. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He’d like some help at the baggage counter. B. He doesn’t know the woman ahead of him. C. He was permitted to carry one extra bag. D. He is carrying someone else’s suitcase. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Some of her colleagues may not take part in the program. B. A few of them are allowed to participate in the training. C. All her colleagues have agreed to go for the program. D. Employees are all required to receive the training. 9. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She would rather take a direct train. B. It doesn’t take long to get to Chongqing. C. She doesn’t care how long the trip takes. D. Taking an airplane might be more practical. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. If he has more than a dollar. B. If he makes a phone call first. C. If he finds the change machine. D. If he buys something from her. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A The origin of shopping malls. B. The location of shopping malls. C. The inventor of shopping malls. D. The prospect of shopping malls. 12. A. They were roofless buildings. B. They mainly housed specialty shops. C. They had a certain kind of landscape. D. They provided indoor parking service. 13. A. People loved wandering from shop to shop. B. The shops didn’t need to keep out bad weather. C. Shoppers were more comfortable in such shops. D. Malls could contain much more than just shops. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. How the London Underground system developed. B. What the London Underground Drawing office did. C. What the London Underground platforms were like. D. How the London Underground map came into being. 15. A. Accurate information about distance. B. Time of the first and the last trains. C. The number of station entrances. D. Locations of the stations. 16. A. Original and clear. B. Simple but advanced. C. Attractive but misleading. D. Old-fashioned and complex. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. To fight against violent action. B. To explore new ways of studying animals. C. To stop animal being used for medical research. D. To highlight the protection of endangered animals. 18. A. It might be the most efficient way to free animals B. The damage done in this case might not be so terrible. C. It might not be such a serious crime in the eyes of the law. D. The cost of setting up the lab might discourage the firm from doing so. 19. A. Evidence was found that no actual animal cruelty did happen. B. Evidence was found that the scientists didn’t obey certain rules. C. The scientists couldn’t afford to find animals again for the research. D. The scientists were believed to have been involved in illegal action. 20. A. It is not their original intention. B. It does bring them much trouble. C. It has made their life difficult. D. It is what they apologize for. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Getting the Kanye boost “I love you, Haikou!” said US rapper Kanye West, 47, during one of his two concerts in Haikou, Hainan province, in September. It was his performances ____21____ boosted the local economy and raised discussions about the “concert economy”, which has recently become a hot trend. China Daily noted that the booming concert industry ____22____ (drive) growth across the entire supply chain, from planning and venues to sound, lighting and promotion. It is also boosting related industries such as tourism and culture to develop. According to official statistics, West’s concert on Sep. 15 alone generated about 51 million yuan from ticket sales, ____23____ (contribute) 373 million yuan to Haikou’s tourism income. Kanye West and Haikou ____24____ (compare) with Taylor Swift and Singapore. According to Singapore authorities, Swift’s concerts in March generated about $300 million for local tourism. West chose to start his tour in Haikou ____25____ in major first-tier cities like Beijing or Shanghai, thanks to a series of favorable policies in Haikou. ____26____ international performers want to hold concerts in Chinese mainland cities, they need to apply for relevant visas and go through the approval process. Haikou benefits from the special policies of the Hainan Free Trade Port, where tourists from 59 countries ____27____ enter without a visa. Additionally, since May, 2018, China has issued a visa-free policy for foreign tourist groups ____28____ arrive by cruise ship, with Haikou and Sanya included as visa-free ports. These measures have made ____29____ easier for overseas performers to enter. Haikou was also proactive in hosting West’s concerts. “Actively introducing new types of performances popular among young people, such as concerts by international singers with massive fans, is a long-term strategy for high-quality tourism development,” the Hainan government stated on its official website. In addition to Haikou, many Chinese cities are adopting similar initiatives ____30____ (promote) their economies. In April, Jay Chou’s concerts in Hangzhou generated 1.3 billion yuan in cultural and tourism spending, according Hangzhou local authorities. Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. horrors B. temporary C. escape D automatically E. eliminate F. strategically G. touch-sensitive H. combinations I. weakened J. storage K. slight How Many Devices Are You Wearing? The classic bad dream of suddenly realizing you’re naked in public could soon get a futuristic twist: it might involve the ____31____ of losing not just your modesty but also pass codes. The concept of interactive “smart clothing” that can store data, ____32____ unlock doors or control a nearby smartphone with gestures has drawn great attention in the past couple of years. For example, Google and Levi’s created a(n) ____33____ jacket that can operate a smartphone. This and other smart clothes are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electronic device. To ____34____ the need for such devices, researchers at the University of Washington recently took advantage of what they say is a previously unexploited property of conductive thread: its ability to be magnetized (磁化的)—attracted to objects made of iron. Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread “may seem like a ____35____ difference, but it’s what makes this work interesting and exciting”. The new technique allowed the researchers to do something they say is unique among wearables: turn them into ____36____ devices. The Washington team magnetized a piece of cloth decorated with conductive thread, giving different parts of the cloth a north or south orientation. This step allowed the researchers to store up to 33 million different ____37____—such as pass codes for doors—on a shirt. They also created magnetic gloves that could control a nearby smartphone with gestures. The clothes still stored data after washing, drying and ironing, but they could not ___38___ time’s erasers. After about a week, the threads’ magnetic fields had ____39____ by around 30 percent. The researchers suggest that using custom-made thread designed to hold stronger magnetic fields might work longer. But for now the clothes may be best suited for storing ______40______ codes, such as those found on hotel key cards or clothing tags in stores. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The Curious Personality Changes of Older Age You’ve probably heard the saying “You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.” An awful phrase, but it speaks to a common belief that older adulthood is a time of ____41____. A time when we’ve become so set in our ways that, whether we’re proud of them or not, we’re less likely to change. Psychologists used to follow the same line of thinking, but more recent studies suggest that something ____42____ happens to many people as they reach and pass their 60s: Their personality starts changing again. This trend is probably ____43____ in older populations in part because older adults tend to experience brain changes such as cognitive defect and dementia. But some researchers don’t believe the phenomenon is fully explained by those factors. People’s personality can alter ____44____ their circumstances, helping them shift priorities, come to terms with loss, and get used to a changing life. These developments illustrate what personality really is: not a permanent state but a(n) ____45____ way of being. After thorough research, psychologists have ____46____ five major and measurable personality traits: agreeableness, sense of responsibility, extroversion (外向性), openness to experience, and neuroticism (神经质). To the surprise of many in the field, studies are revealing that the strongest personality changes tend to ____47____ before age 30 and after 60. In later adulthood, people seem to decrease in openness to experience, sense of responsibility and extroversion, while neuroticism tends to increase. We can’t say certainly what factors are driving these shifts, but a few ____48____ exist. One possibility is that personality is shaped by specific life events tending to happen in older age: retirement, empty nesting. But such milestones aren’t very reliable ____49____ of change; they affect some people deeply and others not at all. Any one event could mean many different things, depending on its ______50______. For example, losing a partner could be a tremendous loss, but for someone who’s been caring for their sick spouse for years it could be a bit of a relief. At any age, similar life events can affect people differently, but in older adulthood people’s daily realities ____51____ wildly, so factors like health and social support are probably better predictors of personality change. ____52____, if someone is no longer strong enough to go to dinner parties every week, they might grow less extroverted. ____53____, old-age personality changes don’t always result from a sense of helplessness or a shrinking life. Research has shown that when people get older, they commonly ____54____ their goals; though they might be doing less, they tend to prioritize what they find meaningful and really appreciate — say a decline in extroversion could ____55____ that they’re satisfied spending time with the people they already love. 41. A. richness B. misfortune C. stability D. adaption 42. A. substantial B. dangerous C. similar D. unexpected 43. A. reversed B. observed C. declined D. strengthened 44. A. in spite of B. in response to C. by means of D. in terms of 45. A. consistent B. potential C. alternative D. adaptive 46. A. quantified B. intensified C. identified D. signified 47. A. take place B. hold out C. make sense D. come back 48. A. subjects B. elements C. theories D. comments 49. A. resources B. results C. sources D. ways 50. A. context B. origin C. concern D. limit 51. A. progress B. occur C. spread D. vary 52. A. In particular B. In contrast C. After all D. For instance 53. A. Admittedly B. Consequently C. Fortunately D. Particularly 54. A. fulfill B. uphold C. modify D. abandon 55. A. facilitate B. indicate C. involve D. prevent Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) By the middle of the second day I know I’m in trouble. In front of me the land stretches up and away towards a distant hill, and into the space, between that hill and me, is crowded one of the most vivid concentrations of color I have ever seen. It starts with the trees. The wet season is only a few weeks off and almost as if they can smell the coming rains, they have put out their leaves. They are no ordinary green and the dry grasses beneath them are shining with golds, browns and reds. I want to recreate this scene with watercolors. Although I can make a try at it with words, trying to paint it in my sketch book is another matter altogether. I’ve already made one attempt: a series of lines in orange and red, with bluish trees placed across them, which now lies face down in the grass beside me. I’ve put it there because the last thing I want right now is for someone else to come along and look at it. A young man called Royale walks up the hill. Royale is a sculptor, and, with several other local men, produces pieces of work in the local stone. Recently, and quite suddenly, this work, and that of several other local co-operatives, has acquired an international reputation. I certainly don’t want a man capable of such things looking at my own awful painting. So I put my foot, as casually as I can, on the finished one beside me and we resume the conversation started earlier in the day. I want to talk to Royale about his life here. He, however, is only interested in what I am up to. To begin with, it seems that he considers me a fellow artist, and for a moment I find myself staring into the depths of embarrassment. But when he asks me, “What is painting like?” I realize that this professional artist has never painted anything in his life before. He just wants a go with my colors. When I signed up for this holiday, I was hoping for an experience like the one I had had four years earlier in Wales. That was my first painting holiday, and I loved it. Two things made it great. First was the teacher, a man called Robin, who showed me that what is important about drawing and painting is not the finished article but the process of completing it. The second element of that week was the place. I grew up in places like that, and I connected with it immediately. But it was stupid of me to think that I could reproduce the experience down here, deep in the Southern Hemisphere. Zimbabwe is not a part of me, nor I of it. Trying to draw it for the first time, from a standing start, is like trying to start a conversation in Swahili. 56. What problem does the writer have at the beginning of her holiday? A. She can’t reproduce the exact color. B. There are no animals that she can paint. C. She’s brought the wrong materials with her. D. The weather is not good enough for painting. 57. The writer hid her work because ________. A. it was only a quick sketch B. it wasn’t good enough to sell C. she believed Royale painted better D. she thought it would disappoint Royale 58. What does the writer mean by “what I am up to” (in paragraph 3)? A. What I will give him. B. What I am painting. C. What I am thinking about. D. What I can teach him. 59. What does the writer say about her previous painting holiday? A. Her technique improved much faster. B. The landscape was more familiar to her. C. She was able to complete a number of paintings. D. The teacher who taught her then was more talented. (B) Whether you are attracted by landscapes or the after-effects of weather, there are photo opportunities everywhere. The following photography tips from photographers will help you shoot your best shot. Get to know your subject and their habits Take time to get to know your local wildlife before shooting, and you might just capture something truly special. Try to shoot from the perspective of the animal you are filming. Resist the urge to just point and click — take the time to observe local wildlife and you will see the rewards in your photos. Capture details in a close-up Going in close can bring some fascinating rewards in nature photography. Zooming (聚焦) into plants with frost or picking up water drops on a spider’s web can help show the beauty we might miss in everyday life. If you’re zooming in on one particular subject, such as a bee landing on a flower, you could end up with soft-focus objects in the background to create added interest. Shoot photos at best time of day There are no hard and fast rules when it comes to timing, and a shadow or lots of natural sunlight can produce great results — it’s just best to avoid extremes. Too much bright light hitting your camera lens (镜头) sensor will result in an overexposed photo with little detail, while a dark sky full of stars might provide too much contrast between the background and the subject you are taking pictures of. Capture sharp, clear images Although the delete button can be your best friend, a few things will help you avoid unclear images. Keeping the camera stable is key, whether that’s through a solid pose as you stand ready to shoot or using a support. A self-timer can also be a handy tool for keeping your hands away from dials and settings once you have chosen your shot. 60. Which of the following is the benefit of “zooming in” in shooting? A. It may be an aid to capture the delicate beauty in daily life. B. It may be helpful to avoid overexposing photos with little detail. C. It may bring about deleting the background to create added interest. D. It may contribute to focusing on several particular subjects at a time. 61. What is a photographer recommended to do to shoot satisfactory photos? A. Chase the running rabbit when shooting. B. Follow his instinct when shooting. C. Shoot in bright daylight at midday. D. Use a stable stand when shooting. 62 You will find the tips above most useful if you want to take photos _____. A. at a wedding ceremony B. while visiting an art gallery C. on an excursion to the countryside D. while walking on the street in a city (C) Genetic testing companies have a long history of creative attempts to reach the mainstream. An early example was the sequencing of rock star Ozzy Osbourne’s genes in 2010, with accompanying guess about how they might have influenced his drug habits. Lately, such projects have taken on a new, highly commercialized tendency. In 2017, we got the “Marmite (马麦酱) gene project,” run by London-based genetic testing start-up DNAfit. It claims to show that love or hate for Marmite was in our genes. The project turned into a full-blown marketing campaign, and even sold Marmite-branded DNA testing tools. DNAfit is now working with Mercedes-Benz to find out whether specific genetic traits are associated with business wisdom. AncestryDNA, the world’s largest consumer genetic testing company, last year teamed up with Spotify to promote “music tailored to your DNA.” Just a few weeks ago, 23andMe, the second largest, announced a partnership with Airbnb to provide genetically tailored travel experiences, also inspired by ancestral DNA. I have skin in this game. I run a genetic-testing start-up that connects people who want their genome sequenced with researchers who want data to improve their understanding of genetic disease. I believe that broadening access to DNA testing can be a powerful force for good, providing safer, more effective medicines and giving people more power over their healthcare. But these campaigns risk discrediting the industry, by giving a misleading impression of what genetics can and can't say and its role in determining behaviours and personal preferences. Take the Marmite study. It covered 261 people — tiny, by the standards of the field. It was published not in a journal, but online on bioRxiv, a server where scientists typically put results before peer-review. Shortly after, researchers looked at the genetic data of more than 500 times as many people in the UK Biobank and found no such correlation. A large peer-reviewed study in 2013 found no significant link between genes and business common sense. We need to inform the public about what this is all about: that is, the gathering of large amounts of genetic data. We need better regulation to ensure that consumers are clear that this may happen with this sensitive personal information. A checkbox on a 20-page web document full of legal terms should not be enough. Scientists too, need to start asking hard questions about whether the information they are using has been sourced ethically. DNA testing has a great future, but we can't build this future with data acquired by any means. 63. The author mentions DNAfit, AncestryDNA and 23andMe in order to __________. A. highlight the problems facing genetic testing B. illustrate the commercial applications of DNA C. compare what progress the companies have made D reveal the link between DNA and a person's character 64. We can learn from “I have skin in this game” in Para. 4 that the author __________. A. is challenging the available treatment for skin disease B. has a personal investment in the genetic-testing business C. hopes to remove people's misunderstanding of the game rules D. believes that every individual should have access to DNA testing 65. What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about? A. The disadvantages of genetic testing. B. The scientific value of genetic testing. C. The legal system genetic testing needs. D. The essentials for proper genetic testing. 66. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. DNA Is Anything but a Marketing Tool B. Genetic Testing Campaigns Aren't Legal C. Creative Marketing Is Key to Genetic Testing D. DNA Testing Has Become a Booming Industry Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. At my family’s cabin on a Minnesota lake, I knew woods so dark that my hands disappeared before my eyes. I knew night skies in which shooting stars left smoky trails across sugary spreads of stars. Today, though, when we feel the closeness of nightfall, we reach quickly for a light switch. And too little darkness, meaning too much artificial light at night, spells trouble for all. _____67_____ Our bodies need darkness to produce the hormone melatonin (褪黑素), which keeps certain cancers from developing, and our bodies need darkness for sleep. Sleep disorders have been linked to diabetes, obesity, depression and other diseases. In today’s crowded, louder, more fast-paced world, night’s darkness can provide solitude, quiet and stillness, qualities that are in increasingly short supply. Every religious tradition has considered darkness invaluable for a soulful life, and the chance to witness the universe has inspired artists, philosophers and everyday stargazers since time began. ____68____ Who knows what this vision of the night sky might inspire in each of us, in our children or grandchildren? Yet all over the world, our nights are growing brighter. Computer images of the United States at night, based on NASA photographs, show that what was a very dark country in the 1950s is now nearly covered with a blanket of light. ____69____ Light pollution is readily within our ability to solve, using new lighting technologies and cutting existing lights. Already, many cities and towns across North America and Europe are changing to LED streetlights. Other communities are finding success with simply turning off portions of their public lighting after midnight. ____70____ But we will never truly address the problem of light pollution until we become aware of the irreplaceable value and beauty of the darkness we are losing. A. Though primarily designed to save energy, such reductions in light will also go far in addressing light pollution. B. The world depends on darkness, including animals who’s active at night or daybreak. C. Already the World Health Organization classifies working the night shift as a probable reason for disease. D. Those of us over 35 are perhaps among the last generation to have known truly dark nights. E. In a world filled with electric light, how would Van Gogh have given the world his “Starry Night”? F. However, it doesn’t have to be this way. IV. Summary Writing 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It is a common sight on campus or in the streets: a young person rides by on an electric scooter, traveling quickly and proudly. But Beijing’s traffic authorities have said that starting on Sept.5, people who are caught riding electric scooters on public roads or bicycle lanes will be fined 10 yuan. They will also be given a warning not to use the vehicles on public roads again. The announcement was made after traffic police in Shanghai started a campaign to get electric scooters off public roads, with police officers stopping riders because the scooters could cause traffic problems. The Beijing Consumer Association said it had tested more than 20 electric scooters of different brands recently and found that most had substandard brakes. It added that 16 of the tested scooters could go faster than the maximum 20 km per hour set for electric bikes. According to the traffic police, people who ride electric scooters at certain speeds can easily bump into the vehicles in the vehicle lane and hurt people who walk in the bicycle lanes. But seeing the benefits that electric scooters have brought to young people, experts are worried that the ban may take effect slowly. Electric scooters are a great answer to the ‘last mile problem’ of getting from a public transport station to one’s home. They’re light enough to throw over your shoulder. They’re easy to ride just about anywhere and don’t need a lot of physical effort. The scooter can travel 25 km on one charge. It’s convenient and easy to control. They are also good for environment. Unlike cars and buses, electric scooters produce no carbon dioxide, need no fuel and make almost no noise. For many young people, they use them to copy cool celebrities they have seen in videos. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 在这科技日新月异的时代，过多的信息使人们应接不暇。(suffer) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 73. 他按照学校的要求将羽毛球馆的灯全天开着。(request) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 74. 即使在激烈的讨论之后，他们仍未就这一问题达成一致，这个想法能否付诸实践仍待观察。 (whether) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 75. 当我们身处困境时，往往感觉时间特别漫长，这可以用“心理时间”来解释：当我们暴露在新的环境和经历中时，时间似乎会减慢。(expose) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing 76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 最近上海的某些餐馆和面包房采取了一项新的举措：在微信小程序上以盲盒的形式降价销售当天卖剩的食物，购买者能在小程序上看到商家信息、价格和取货时间。英语报“YOUR VOICE”专栏欢迎读者来信，就这一做法展开讨论。假定你是高三学生李华，请给专栏编辑写信，表达看法，说明理由。 (食物盲盒: mystery boxes of randomly packed leftover foods ) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$When listening comprehensions section a short conversations directions. In section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and the question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. One, how much are the roses? Thirty dollars a dozen. But I can give you a ten percent discount. They are on sale today. Question, how much should the man pay for a dozen roses? Two, take two pills three times a day, and you shouldn't take them on an empty stomach. What if I don't have an appetite question? What does the man imply? Three, professor Jones, last night, when I was putting the finishing touches on my paper, there was suddenly a power failure. Do you think I can have another day to retype IT? I'm sorry, Stephen. I'm leaving for a conference tomorrow and i'll be away for two weeks. I suppose you could mail IT to me there question. what will the professor probably allow the student to do? For i'm having trouble fitting into my genes. Looks like i'll have to get some new ones. But you wouldn't . have to do that if you just cut down on what you eat. Question, what does the woman imply the man should do? Five, i'm having trouble drawing the models right ARM. To get the . perspective you want, you need to use what we call for shorting here. Give me your pencil question. What will the woman most probably do next? Six, how are you getting on with your experiment? In spite of my continuous failure, I have already made some progress. Question, how does the woman feel about her experiment? Seven, i'm sorry, sir, but you're allowed only one piece of luggage on the plane. You'll have to check in one of your suitcases at the baggage counter. Actually, one of these belongs to the woman up ahead. I'm just giving her a hand question. What does the man mean? eight. I guess all our colleagues are participating in this training program. I am not quite sure not everyone has given a definite reply in their emails to me. Question, what does the woman mean? Nine, we've got to be in chin chin by saturday. We could take the train, but we'll have to change a few times. A direct flight would be a lot less complicated and maybe even cheaper. Question, what does the woman mean? Ten, miss, can you give me change for a dollar so that I can make a phone call at the call box? Sorry, sir, I am not allowed to give change without a purchase, but you'll find a change machine in front of the jewelry store. Question, in which situation can the woman give the man some change? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages in the conversation. The passengers and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. Victor Green and american architect revolutionized shopping in the one thousand nine hundred and fifties by creating the type of shopping center that we now call a Greens. Aim was to provide a pleasant, quiet in spacious shopping environment with large car parks, which usually meant building in the suburbs. He also wanted people to be able to shop in all kinds of weather. He insisted on using building designs that he knew people would feel comfortable with, but place them in the landscaped streets that were entirely enclosed and often covered with a curved glass roof. This was done to imitate some of the older shopping areas of city centres, but while these houses only small specialty shops, Greens shopping mall were on a much grander scale. Access to the whole shopping mass was gained by using the main doors, which separated the shopping streets from the parking area outside. As there was no need to keep out bad weather, shops no longer needed windows indoors, and people could wander freely from shop to shop. In many cities, shopping mls now contain much more than just shops. Cinemas, restaurants and other forms of entertainment are also growing in popularity. Now listen again, Victor Green in american architect revolutionized shopping in the thousand nine hundred and fifties by creating the type of shopping center that we now call a shopping mall. Greens aim was to provide a pleasant, quiet and spacious shopping environment with large car parks, which usually meant building in the suburbs. He also wanted people to be able to shop in all kinds of weather. He insisted on using building designs that he knew people would feel comfortable with, but place them in landscaped streets that were entirely enclosed in, often covered with a curved glass roof. This was done to imitate some of the older shopping areas of city centres, but while these houses only small specialty shops, Greens shopping mall were on a much grander scale. Access to the whole shopping mass was gained by using the main doors, which separated the shopping streets from the parking area outside, as there was no need to keep out bad weather, shops no longer needed windows indoors, and people could wander freely from shop to shop. In many cities, shopping mls now contain much more than just shops. Cinemas, restaurants and other forms of entertainment are also growing in popularity. Questions eleven, what is the passage mainly about. Twelve, which of the following is true according to Victor Greens idea of shopping mls? Thirteen、why did shops and balls no longer need windows and doors? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. Many people would agree that the london underground map is extremely well designed. IT is not only simple and easy to understand, but also quite attractive. And most importantly, IT performs its primary test of guiding both londoners and tours round the underground system in the city very well. The man behind this great achievement was called Henry back. He was an employee of the london underground drawing office and first came up with his design for the map in one thousand nine thirty one. The map, which had been in use before one thousand nine thirty one, was messy and unclear. Beck decided that a traditional map which give access information about distance was not necessary for the underground and instead produced a diagram which showed only the stations on the underground system. This new map was an enormous success with the public when in one hundred thirty three, IT made its person appearance on underground platforms and at station entrances. The design of the map showed great originality because IT provided a very clear representation of a highly complex network of communication. Bex approach was later adopted by most of the world's underground system. Now listen again, many people would agree that the london underground map is extremely well designed. IT is not only simple and easy to understand, but also quite attractive. And most importantly, IT performs its primary test of guiding both londoners and tours round the underground system in the city very well. The man behind this great achievement was called Henry back. He was an employee of the london underground drawing office and first came up with his design for the map in one thousand nine thirty one. The map, which had been in use before one thousand nine thirty one, was messy and unclear. Beck decided that a traditional map which give access information about distance was not necessary for the underground, and instead produced a diagram which showed only the stations on the underground system. This new map was an enormous success with the public when in one thousand nine thirty three, IT made its person appearance on underground platforms and at station entrances. The design of the map showed great originality because IT provided a very clear representation of a highly complex network of communication. Bex approach was later adopted by most of the world's underground system. Questions fourteen, what is the passage mainly about? Fifteen, which element of the old map didn't appear on Henry bx map? Sixteen, what does the speaker think of the design of the map? Questions seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Two members of the animal defense group, the AD, G, are suspected of being involved in an attack on a medical research laboratory last night. Today, i'm joined in the studio by mick Davidson, who is also a member of the AD. G. In the spokesperson. Good morning. Good morning. How can you possibly justify the actions of your colleagues who broke into the lab last night and caused such criminal damage? Well, you see it's criminal damage, but using animals and experiments is a crime. You mean destroying the equipment used to help find cures for diseases isn't a crime? Yes, IT is a crime in the eyes of the law. But the reason we do that is to make IT really expensive. For the firms to use animals and experiments. They might think it's too expensive to set up the experiment all over again. I see. So you completely support this kind of direct action. absolutely. Direct action is one of the many things you can do to highlight the cause of animal suffering. However, there are also completely peaceful ways of protesting. For example, i'm a vegetarian and I don't buy anything that has been tested on animals. And have you yourself been involved in any type of illegal action? Yes, I poured red paint over four coats in a close shop, and i've been involved in an attack on a laboratory. What happened at the laboratory? We broken and look for evidence of the animal cruelty involved. The evidence we found actually put a stop to the research in that particular laboratory because IT wasn't being conducted in an acceptable way. There are rules to be obeyed, even for animal testing, and we found that the scientists were not following these rules. But this sort of violence just gives the animal rights movement a bad name. Doesn't IT. We don't agree with violence. Yes, we make life as difficult as possible for the scientist, but we don't aim to hurt them where people have been accidentally injured. We have apologized as harming people is not our intention. I'll have to stop you there, mr. David's son. Thank you for coming in. Now listen again. Two members of the animal defense group, the A, D. G. Our suspects have been involved in an attack on a medical research laboratory last night. Today, i'm joined in the studio by mike Davidson, who is also a member of the A. D. G. In the spokesperson. Good morning. Good morning. How can you possibly justify the actions of your colleagues who broke into the lab last night and caused such criminal damage? Well, you see, it's criminal damage, but using animals and experiments is a crime. You mean destroying the equipment used to help find cures for diseases isn't a crime? Yes, IT is a crime in the ice of the law. But the reason we do that is to make IT really expensive for the firms to use animals and experiments. They might think it's too expensive to set up the experiment all over again. I see. So you completely support this kind of direct action. absolutely. Direct action is one of the many things you can do to highlight the cause of animal suffering. However, there are also completely peaceful ways of protesting. For example, i'm a vegetarian and I don't buy anything that has been tested on animals. And have you yourself been involved in any type of illegal action? Yes, I poured red paint over fur coats in a close shop, and i've been involved in an attack on a laboratory. What happened at the laboratory? We broke in and look for evidence of the animal cruelty involved. The evidence we found actually put a stop to the research in that particular laboratory because IT wasn't being conducted in an acceptable way. There are rules to be obeyed, even for animal testing. And we found that the scientists were not following these rules. But this sort of violence just gives the animal rights movement a bad name. Doesn't IT. We don't agree with violence. Yes, we make life as difficult as possible for the scientists, but we don't aim to hurt them where people have been accidentally injured. We have apologized as harming people is not our intention. I'll have to stop you there, mr. David's son. Thank you for coming in questions. Seventeen, what is the A, D, G. Intended to do? Eighteen, according to the men, why did the A, D, G, members destroy the lab equipment? Nineteen, why did the scientist stop the research after the main in his colleague broke into their lab? Twenty, what does the man say about the band name? The A, D, G action has given to the animal rights movement. That's the end of listening comprehensions. 2024学年第一学期期中考试 高二英语试卷 （考试时间120分钟，满分140分。请将答案填涂在答题纸上。） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. $30. B. $27. C. $20. D. $10. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: How much are the roses? W: Thirty dollars a dozen, but I can give you a ten-percent discount. They are on sale today. Q: How much should the man pay for a dozen roses? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He may feel better soon. B. He doesn’t like to take pills. C He may not be able to wake up on time. D. He may want to take the pills without food. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: Take two pills three times a day. And you shouldn’t take them on an empty stomach. M: What if I don’t have an appetite. Q: What does the man imply? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Post her the paper after the deadline. B. Hand in a handwritten draft of the paper. C. Attend a conference with her two weeks later. D. Complete the course without handing in the paper. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Professor Jones, last night when I was putting the finishing touches on my paper, there was suddenly a power failure. Do you think I can have another day to retype it? W: I am sorry, Steven. I am leaving for a conference tomorrow, and I will be away for two weeks. I suppose you could mail it to me there. Q: What will the professor probably allow the student to do? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Lose some weight. B. Shop for new clothes. C. Have his jeans altered. D. Wear clothes that fit better. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: I am having trouble fitting into my jeans. Looks like I have to get some new ones. W: But you wouldn’t have to do that if you just cut down on what you eat. Q: What does the woman imply the man should do? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Sharpen the man’s pencil. B. Ask the model to move his arm. C. Give the man a new sheet of paper. D. Show the man a drawing technique. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: I am having trouble draw the model’s right arm. W: To get the perspective you want, you need to use what we call foreshortening. Here, give me your pencil. Q: What will the woman most probably do next? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Disappointed. B. Curious. C. Satisfied. D. Casual. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: How are you getting on with your experiment? W: In spite of my continuous failure, I have already made some progress. Q: How does the woman feel about her experiment? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He’d like some help at the baggage counter. B. He doesn’t know the woman ahead of him. C. He was permitted to carry one extra bag. D. He is carrying someone else’s suitcase. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: I am sorry, Sir. But you are allowed only one piece of luggage on the plane. You have to check in one of your suitcases at the baggage counter. M: Actually, one of these belongs to the woman up ahead. I am just giving her a hand. Q: What does the man mean? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Some of her colleagues may not take part in the program. B. A few of them are allowed to participate in the training. C. All her colleagues have agreed to go for the program. D. Employees are all required to receive the training. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: I guess all our colleagues are participating in this training program. W: I am not quite sure. Not everyone has given a definite reply in their emails to me. Q: What does the woman mean? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She would rather take a direct train. B. It doesn’t take long to get to Chongqing. C. She doesn’t care how long the trip takes. D. Taking an airplane might be more practical. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: We’ve got to be in Chongqing by Saturday. We could take the train, but we’ll have to change a few times. W: A direct flight would be a lot less complicated. And maybe even cheaper. Q: What does the woman mean? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. If he has more than a dollar. B. If he makes a phone call first. C. If he finds the change machine. D. If he buys something from her. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: Miss, can you give me change for a dollar so that I can make a phone call at the callbox. W: Sorry, sir. I am not allowed to give change without a purchase. But you’ll find a change machine in front of the jewelry store. Q: In which situation can the woman give the man some change? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. The origin of shopping malls. B. The location of shopping malls. C. The inventor of shopping malls. D. The prospect of shopping malls. 12. A. They were roofless buildings. B. They mainly housed specialty shops. C. They had a certain kind of landscape. D. They provided indoor parking service. 13. A. People loved wandering from shop to shop. B. The shops didn’t need to keep out bad weather. C. Shoppers were more comfortable in such shops. D. Malls could contain much more than just shops. 【答案】11. A 12. C 13. B 【解析】 【原文】Victor Green, an American architect, revolutionized shopping in the 1950s by creating the type of shopping center that we now call a shopping mall. Green’s aim was to provide a pleasant, quiet and spacious shopping environment with large car parks, which usually meant building in suburbs. He also wanted people to be able to shop in all kinds of weather. He insisted on using building designs that he knew people would feel comfortable with, but please them in landscaped streets that were entirely enclosed and often covered with a curved glass roof. This was done to imitate some of the older shopping areas of city centers. But while these housed only small specialty shops, Green’s shopping malls were on a much grander scale. Access to the whole shopping mass was gained by using the main doors, which separated the shopping streets from the parking areas outside. As there was no need to keep out bad weather, shops no longer needed windows and doors and people could wander freely from shop to shop. In many cities shopping malls now contain much more than just shops. Cinemas, restaurants and other forms of entertainment are also growing in popularity. 11. What is the passage mainly about? 12. Which of the following is true according to Victor Green’s idea of shopping malls? 13. Why did shops in malls no longer need windows and doors? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. How the London Underground system developed. B. What the London Underground Drawing office did. C. What the London Underground platforms were like. D. How the London Underground map came into being. 15. A. Accurate information about distance. B. Time of the first and the last trains. C. The number of station entrances. D. Locations of the stations. 16. A. Original and clear. B. Simple but advanced. C. Attractive but misleading. D. Old-fashioned and complex. 【答案】14. D 15. A 16. A 【解析】 【原文】Many people would agree that the London Underground map is extremely well-designed. It is not only simple and easy to understand but also quite attractive. And most importantly, it performs its primary task of guiding both Londoners and tourists round the underground system in the city very well. The man behind this great achievement was called Henry Beck. He was an employee of the London underground drawing office, and first came up with his design for the map in 1931. The map which had been in use before 1931 was messy and unclear. Beck decided that a traditional map which gave accurate information about distance was not necessary for the underground, and instead produced a diagram which showed only the stations on the underground system. This new map was an enormous success with the public. When in 1933, it made its first appearance on the underground platforms and at the station entrances. The design of the map showed great originality because it provided a very clear representation of a highly complex network of communication. Beck’s approach was later adopted by most of the world underground system. 14. What is the passage mainly about? 15. Which element of the old map didn’t appear on Henry Beck’s map? 16. What does the speaker think of the design of the map? 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. To fight against violent action. B. To explore new ways of studying animals. C. To stop animal being used for medical research. D. To highlight the protection of endangered animals. 18. A. It might be the most efficient way to free animals B. The damage done in this case might not be so terrible. C. It might not be such a serious crime in the eyes of the law. D. The cost of setting up the lab might discourage the firm from doing so. 19. A. Evidence was found that no actual animal cruelty did happen. B. Evidence was found that the scientists didn’t obey certain rules. C. The scientists couldn’t afford to find animals again for the research. D. The scientists were believed to have been involved in illegal action. 20. A. It is not their original intention. B. It does bring them much trouble. C. It has made their life difficult. D. It is what they apologize for. 【答案】17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A 【解析】 【原文】W: Two members of the animal defense group, the ADG, are suspected of being involved in an attack on a medical research laboratory last night. Today I am joined in the studio by Nick Davidson, who is also a member of the ADG, and their spokesperson. Good morning! M: Good morning! W: How can you possibly justify the actions of your colleagues, who broke into the lab last night and caused such criminal damage? M: Well, you say it’s criminal damage, but using animals in experiments is a crime. W: You mean destroying the equipment used to help find cures for diseases isn’t a crime? M: Yes, it is a crime in the eyes of law, but the reason we do that is to make it really expensive for the firms to use animals in experiments. They might think it is too expensive to set up the experiment all over again. W: I see, so you completely support this kind of direct action. M: Absolutely. Direct action is one of the many things you can do to highlight the cause of animal suffering. However, there are also completely peaceful ways of protesting. For example, I am a vegetarian, and I don’t buy anything that has been tested on animals. W: And have you yourself been involved in any type of illegal action? M: Yes. I poured red paint over fur coats in a cloth shop and I have been involved in an attack on a laboratory. W: What happened at the laboratory? M: We broke in and looked for evidence of the animal cruelty involved. The evidence we found actually put a stop to the research in that particular laboratory, because it wasn’t being conducted in an acceptable way. There are rules to be obeyed, even for animal testing. And we found that scientists were not following these rules. W: But this sort of violence just gives the animal rights movement a bad name, doesn’t it? M: We don’t agree with violence. Yes, we make life as difficult as possible for the scientists, but we don’t aim to hurt them. Where people have been accidentally injured, we have apologized as harming people is not our intention. W: I’ll have to stop you there, Mr. Davidson. Thank you for coming in. 17. What is the ADG intended to do? 18. According to the man, why did the ADG members destroy the lab equipment? 19. Why did the scientists stop the research after the man and his colleague broke into their lab? 20. What does the man say about the bad name the ADG action has given to the animal rights movement? II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Getting the Kanye boost “I love you, Haikou!” said US rapper Kanye West, 47, during one of his two concerts in Haikou, Hainan province, in September. It was his performances ____21____ boosted the local economy and raised discussions about the “concert economy”, which has recently become a hot trend. China Daily noted that the booming concert industry ____22____ (drive) growth across the entire supply chain, from planning and venues to sound, lighting and promotion. It is also boosting related industries such as tourism and culture to develop. According to official statistics, West’s concert on Sep. 15 alone generated about 51 million yuan from ticket sales, ____23____ (contribute) 373 million yuan to Haikou’s tourism income. Kanye West and Haikou ____24____ (compare) with Taylor Swift and Singapore. According to Singapore authorities, Swift’s concerts in March generated about $300 million for local tourism. West chose to start his tour in Haikou ____25____ in major first-tier cities like Beijing or Shanghai, thanks to a series of favorable policies in Haikou. ____26____ international performers want to hold concerts in Chinese mainland cities, they need to apply for relevant visas and go through the approval process. Haikou benefits from the special policies of the Hainan Free Trade Port, where tourists from 59 countries ____27____ enter without a visa. Additionally, since May, 2018, China has issued a visa-free policy for foreign tourist groups ____28____ arrive by cruise ship, with Haikou and Sanya included as visa-free ports. These measures have made ____29____ easier for overseas performers to enter. Haikou was also proactive in hosting West’s concerts. “Actively introducing new types of performances popular among young people, such as concerts by international singers with massive fans, is a long-term strategy for high-quality tourism development,” the Hainan government stated on its official website. In addition to Haikou, many Chinese cities are adopting similar initiatives ____30____ (promote) their economies. In April, Jay Chou’s concerts in Hangzhou generated 1.3 billion yuan in cultural and tourism spending, according Hangzhou local authorities. 【答案】21. that 22. was driving 23. contributing 24. are being compared##are compared##were compared##were being compared 25. rather than##instead of 26. If##When 27. can 28. who##that 29. it 30. to promote 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Kanye West在海口的演唱会对当地经济的积极影响及背后的原因。 【21题详解】 考查强调句型。句意：正是他的演出促进了当地的经济，引发了关于“音乐会经济”的讨论，这已经成为最近的热门趋势。本句用强调句型“it is+被强调部分+that+其它”。被强调部分为主语“his performances”。故填that。 【22题详解】 考查时态。句意：《中国日报》指出，蓬勃发展的演唱会产业正在推动整个供应链的增长，从策划、场地到音响、灯光和推广。drive“驱动，激励”。that引导的宾语从句描述过去正在进行的动作，从句时态用过去进行时，从句主语the booming concert industry第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was driving。 【23题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：据官方统计，仅9月15日West的演唱会门票收入就达到了约5100万元，为海口旅游收入贡献了3.73亿元。本句谓语为generated，此处为非谓语动词，且West’s concert与contribute“贡献”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填contributing。 【24题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：Kanye West和海口被拿来与Taylor Swift和新加坡相比较。主语Kanye West and Haikou，与compare“比较”之间为被动关系，本句描述的是过去的事实，时态用一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。或者本句描述过去正在进行的动作，时态用过去进行时，故用过去进行时的被动语态。或者本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。或者本句描述现在正在进行的动作，时态用现在进行时，故用现在进行时的被动语态。故填were compared或were being compared或are compared或are being compared。 【25题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：由于海口的一系列优惠政策，West选择在海口开始他的巡演，而不是在北京或上海等主要一线城市。本空用固定短语rather than或instead of，表示“而不是”。故填rather than或instead of。 【26题详解】 考查条件状语从句或时间状语从句。句意：如果国际表演者想在中国大陆城市举办音乐会，他们需要申请相关签证并通过审批程序/当国际表演者想要在中国大陆城市举办音乐会时，他们需要申请相关签证并通过审批程序。本空用if“如果”引导条件状语从句，或when“当……时”引导时间状语从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填If或When。 【27题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：海口受益于海南自由贸易港的特殊政策，来自59个国家的游客可以免签入境。本空用情态动词can，表示“可以”。故填can。 【28题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：此外，自2018年5月起，中国对乘坐游轮抵达的外国旅游团实行免签政策，海口和三亚被列为免签口岸。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是foreign tourist groups，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 【29题详解】 考查代词。句意：这些措施使海外表演者更容易入境。本空用代词it，作形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式to enter，故填it。 【30题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了海口，中国许多城市正在采取类似的举措来促进经济发展。本句谓语为are adopting，此处为非谓语动词，故用promote“促进”的不定式，作目的状语。故填to promote。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. horrors B. temporary C. escape D. automatically E. eliminate F. strategically G. touch-sensitive H. combinations I. weakened J. storage K. slight How Many Devices Are You Wearing? The classic bad dream of suddenly realizing you’re naked in public could soon get a futuristic twist: it might involve the ____31____ of losing not just your modesty but also pass codes. The concept of interactive “smart clothing” that can store data, ____32____ unlock doors or control a nearby smartphone with gestures has drawn great attention in the past couple of years. For example, Google and Levi’s created a(n) ____33____ jacket that can operate a smartphone. This and other smart clothes are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electronic device. To ____34____ the need for such devices, researchers at the University of Washington recently took advantage of what they say is a previously unexploited property of conductive thread: its ability to be magnetized (磁化的)—attracted to objects made of iron. Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread “may seem like a ____35____ difference, but it’s what makes this work interesting and exciting”. The new technique allowed the researchers to do something they say is unique among wearables: turn them into ____36____ devices. The Washington team magnetized a piece of cloth decorated with conductive thread, giving different parts of the cloth a north or south orientation. This step allowed the researchers to store up to 33 million different ____37____—such as pass codes for doors—on a shirt. They also created magnetic gloves that could control a nearby smartphone with gestures. The clothes still stored data after washing, drying and ironing, but they could not ___38___ time’s erasers. After about a week, the threads’ magnetic fields had ____39____ by around 30 percent. The researchers suggest that using custom-made thread designed to hold stronger magnetic fields might work longer. But for now the clothes may be best suited for storing ______40______ codes, such as those found on hotel key cards or clothing tags in stores. 【答案】31. A 32. D 33. G 34. E 35. K 36. J 37. H 38. C 39. I 40. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了交互式“智能服装”的概念、工作原理、最新研究成果以及潜在的应用领域，旨在向读者普及关于智能服装的科技知识和发展动态。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：那个经典的噩梦——突然意识到自己在大庭广众之下赤身裸体——可能很快就会有一个未来主义的变体：它不仅涉及失去尊严的恐怖，还可能包括丢失密码的恐慌。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据空后“losing not just your modesty but also pass codes”可知，失去尊严和失去密码是一件恐怖的事。选项A“horrors”，名词，意为“恐怖”，符合句意。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查副词。句意：过去几年里，能够存储数据、自动解锁门或用手势控制附近智能手机的交互式“智能服装”概念已经引起了极大的关注。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词形式，修饰空后的动词“unlock”“control”，以及上下文可知，空处意为“自动地”；选项D“automatically”，副词，意为“自动化地”，符合句意。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：例如，谷歌和李维斯（Levi's）合作推出了一款触摸感应夹克，可以操作智能手机。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的“jacket”；根据上文的“The concept of interactive “smart clothing” that can store data, ____2____ unlock doors or control a nearby smartphone with gestures has drawn great attention in the past couple of years.”可知，这些夹克是触摸感应的。选项G“touch-sensitive”，形容词，意为“触摸感应的”，符合句意。故选G。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：为了消除对这种设备的需求，华盛顿大学的研究人员最近利用了他们所说的导电纱线之前未被利用的一种特性：它能够被磁化（即被铁制物体吸引）。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词原形；根据下文研究人员使用纱线的磁性而不是电性可知，空处意为“去除”。选项E“eliminate”，动词，意为“去除”，符合句意。故选E。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：使用纱线的磁性而不是电性“可能看起来只是细微的差别，但正是这一点使这项工作变得有趣且令人兴奋”。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的“difference”，根据上文“Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread”可知，差别比较细微。选项K“slight”，形容词，意为“稍微的、细微的”，符合句意。故选K。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种新技术使得研究人员能够做出在可穿戴设备中独一无二的事情：将它们变成存储设备。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，担当宾语。根据下文“This step allowed the researchers to store up to 33 million different ____7____ —such as pass codes for doors—on a shirt.”可知，研究人员将穿戴设备变成存储设备。选项J“storage”，名词形式，意为“储备”，符合句意。故选J。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：这一步骤使研究人员能够在一件衬衫上存储多达3300万种不同组合——例如门的密码。分析句子成分可知，根据空前的“33 million different”可知，空处为名词的复数形式；根据空后的“such as pass codes for doors”可推测，空处指的是密码组合。选项H“combinations”，名词的复数形式，意为“组合”，符合句意。故选H。 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些衣服在洗涤、烘干和熨烫后仍然能够存储数据，但它们无法逃脱时间的“橡皮擦”。根据下文“After about a week, the threads’ magnetic fields had ____9____ by around 30 percent.”可知，随着时间的流逝，纱线的磁场减弱了，由此可知，它们都无法逃脱时间的“橡皮擦”。选项C“escape”，动词，意为“逃避、逃脱”，符合句意。故选C。 【39题详解】 考查动词。句意：大约一周后，纱线的磁场减弱了约30%。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词形式；再根据上文“The clothes still stored data after washing, drying and ironing, but they could not ___8___ time’s erasers.”可推测，这些衣服的磁性无法逃脱时间的橡皮擦，由此可推测，磁性会减弱。选项I“weakened”，动词的分词形式，和空前的 “had”一致，意为“减弱”，符合句意。故选I。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但目前，这些衣服可能最适合存储临时代码，如酒店房卡或商店服装标签上的代码。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的名词“codes”；再根据下文“such as those found on hotel key cards or clothing tags in stores”可知，这些都是短暂的使用。选项B“temporary”，形容词，意为“暂时的”，符合句意。故选B。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The Curious Personality Changes of Older Age You’ve probably heard the saying “You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.” An awful phrase, but it speaks to a common belief that older adulthood is a time of ____41____. A time when we’ve become so set in our ways that, whether we’re proud of them or not, we’re less likely to change. Psychologists used to follow the same line of thinking, but more recent studies suggest that something ____42____ happens to many people as they reach and pass their 60s: Their personality starts changing again. This trend is probably ____43____ in older populations in part because older adults tend to experience brain changes such as cognitive defect and dementia. But some researchers don’t believe the phenomenon is fully explained by those factors. People’s personality can alter ____44____ their circumstances, helping them shift priorities, come to terms with loss, and get used to a changing life. These developments illustrate what personality really is: not a permanent state but a(n) ____45____ way of being. After thorough research, psychologists have ____46____ five major and measurable personality traits: agreeableness, sense of responsibility, extroversion (外向性), openness to experience, and neuroticism (神经质). To the surprise of many in the field, studies are revealing that the strongest personality changes tend to ____47____ before age 30 and after 60. In later adulthood, people seem to decrease in openness to experience, sense of responsibility and extroversion, while neuroticism tends to increase. We can’t say certainly what factors are driving these shifts, but a few ____48____ exist. One possibility is that personality is shaped by specific life events tending to happen in older age: retirement, empty nesting. But such milestones aren’t very reliable ____49____ of change; they affect some people deeply and others not at all. Any one event could mean many different things, depending on its ______50______. For example, losing a partner could be a tremendous loss, but for someone who’s been caring for their sick spouse for years it could be a bit of a relief. At any age, similar life events can affect people differently, but in older adulthood people’s daily realities ____51____ wildly, so factors like health and social support are probably better predictors of personality change. ____52____, if someone is no longer strong enough to go to dinner parties every week, they might grow less extroverted. ____53____, old-age personality changes don’t always result from a sense of helplessness or a shrinking life. Research has shown that when people get older, they commonly ____54____ their goals; though they might be doing less, they tend to prioritize what they find meaningful and really appreciate — say a decline in extroversion could ____55____ that they’re satisfied spending time with the people they already love. 41. A. richness B. misfortune C. stability D. adaption 42. A. substantial B. dangerous C. similar D. unexpected 43. A. reversed B. observed C. declined D. strengthened 44. A. in spite of B. in response to C. by means of D. in terms of 45. A. consistent B. potential C. alternative D. adaptive 46. A. quantified B. intensified C. identified D. signified 47. A. take place B. hold out C. make sense D. come back 48. A. subjects B. elements C. theories D. comments 49. A. resources B. results C. sources D. ways 50. A. context B. origin C. concern D. limit 51. A. progress B. occur C. spread D. vary 52. A. In particular B. In contrast C. After all D. For instance 53. A. Admittedly B. Consequently C. Fortunately D. Particularly 54. A. fulfill B. uphold C. modify D. abandon 55. A. facilitate B. indicate C. involve D. prevent 【答案】41. C 42. D 43. B 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. C 50. A 51. D 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了老年人性格变化的普遍现象及其原因。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个可怕的短语，但它表达了一种普遍的信念，即老年是一段稳定的时期。A. richness丰富；B. misfortune不幸；C. stability稳定；D. adaption适应。根据后文“A time when we’ve become so set in our ways that, whether we’re proud of them or not, we’re less likely to change.”可知，这段时间里，老年人已经习惯了自己的生活方式，不管老年人是否为此感到自豪，都不太可能改变。所以此处指老年时期是一个稳定的时期。故选C。 【42题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：心理学家曾经遵循同样的思路，但最近的研究表明，许多人在60多岁的时候会发生意想不到的事情：他们的性格又开始改变了。A. substantial大量的，重要的；B. dangerous危险的；C. similar相似的；D. unexpected意想不到的。根据前文“A time when we’ve become so set in our ways that, whether we’re proud of them or not, we’re less likely to change.”、“Psychologists used to follow the same line of thinking”和后文“Their personality starts changing again”可知，最近的研究表明老年人性格会再次改变，这是意想不到的。故选D。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种趋势可能在老年人中观察到，部分原因是老年人往往会经历认知缺陷和痴呆等大脑变化。A. reversed颠倒；B. observed观察；C. declined下降；D. strengthened加强。根据前文“Their personality starts changing again. This trend is probably”和后文“in older populations”可知，老年人性格会再次改变，这种趋势可能在老年人中观察到。故选B。 【44题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：人们的性格可以改变以回应环境，帮助他们改变优先事项，接受损失，并适应不断变化的生活。A. in spite of尽管；B. in response to作为对……的反应；C. by means of通过；D. in terms of根据。根据后文“their circumstances, helping them shift priorities, come to terms with loss, and get used to a changing life.”可知，人们的性格发生改变，回应环境的变化。故选B。 【45题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些发展说明了性格的真正含义：不是一种永久的状态，而是一种适应性的存在方式。A. consistent一致的；B. potential潜在的；C. alternative可供选择的；D. adaptive适应性的。根据前文“not a permanent state but”可知，性格不是一种永久的状态，说明性格是适应性的。故选D。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过彻底的研究，心理学家已经确定了五个主要且可衡量的性格特征：和蔼可亲、责任感、外向性、对经验的开放性和神经质。A. quantified量化；B. intensified加强；C. identified确定；D. signified象征。根据后文“five major and measurable personality traits”可知，心理学家确定了五个主要且可衡量的性格特征。故选C。 【47题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：令该领域许多人惊讶的是，研究表明，最强的性格变化往往发生在30岁之前和60岁之后。A. take place发生；B. hold out坚持；C. make sense有意义；D. come back回来。根据后文“before age 30 and after 60”可知，此处指性格变化往往发生在30岁之前和60岁之后。故选A。 【48题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们不能确定是什么因素推动了这些变化，但存在一些理论。A. subjects主题；B. elements要素；C. theories理论；D. comments评论。根据后文“One possibility is that personality is shaped by specific life events tending to happen in older age: retirement, empty nesting. But such milestones aren’t very reliable 9 of change; they affect some people deeply and others not at all. Any one event could mean many different things, depending on its 10.”可知，关于什么因素推动了这些变化，存在一些理论。故选C。 【49题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这些重要事件并不是非常可靠的变革来源；它们对一些人的影响很深，而对另一些人则完全没有影响。A. resources资源；B. results结果；C. sources来源；D. ways方式。根据前文“One possibility is that personality is shaped by specific life events tending to happen in older age: retirement, empty nesting.”和后文“they affect some people deeply and others not at all”可知，性格是由老年时期发生的特定生活事件塑造的：退休、空巢，它们对一些人的影响很深，而对另一些人则完全没有影响。所以此处表示这些并不是老年人性格变化的可靠来源。故选C。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：任何一件事都可能意味着许多不同的事情，这取决于它的背景。A. context背景；B. origin起源；C. concern关心；D. limit限制。根据后文“For example, losing a partner could be a tremendous loss, but for someone who’s been caring for their sick spouse for years it could be a bit of a relief.”可知，后文举例，失去伴侣可能是一个巨大的损失，但对于那些多年来一直照顾生病配偶的人来说，这可能是一种解脱。任何一件事都可能意味着许多不同的事情，这取决于它的背景。故选A。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在任何年龄，类似的生活事件都会对人产生不同的影响，但在老年人中，人们的日常现实非常不同，因此健康和社会支持等因素可能是更好的预测性格变化的因素。A. progress进步；B. occur发生；C. spread传播；D. vary不同。根据前文“Any one event could mean many different things, depending on its 10. For example, losing a partner could be a tremendous loss, but for someone who’s been caring for their sick spouse for years it could be a bit of a relief.”和“At any age, similar life events can affect people differently, but in older adulthood people’s daily realities”可知，任何一件事都可能意味着许多不同的事情，这取决于它的背景，而在老年时期，人们的日常生活非常不同。故选D。 【52题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，如果一个人不再有足够的力量每周去参加晚宴，他们可能会变得不那么外向。A. In particular特别；B. In contrast相反；C. After all毕竟；D. For instance例如。根据后文“if someone is no longer strong enough to go to dinner parties every week, they might grow less extroverted”可知，如果一个人不再强壮到每周都去参加晚宴，他们可能会变得不那么外向。此处是举例说明老年人性格变化的原因。故选D。 【53题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不可否认，老年人格的改变并不总是源于无助感或生活的萎缩。A. Admittedly不可否认；B. Consequently因此；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. Particularly特别地。根据后文“old-age personality changes don’t always result from a sense of helplessness or a shrinking life.”可知，老年时期的性格变化并不总是源于一种无助感或生活范围的缩小，这是承认这一事实的说法，不可否认这一事实。故选A。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，随着年龄的增长，人们通常会修改自己的目标；虽然他们可能会做得更少，但他们倾向于优先考虑他们觉得有意义和真正欣赏的事情——比如外向性的下降可能表明他们很满足于与自己所爱的人共度时光。A. fulfill实现；B. uphold维持；C. modify修改；D. abandon放弃。根据后文“their goals; though they might be doing less, they tend to prioritize what they find meaningful and really appreciate”可知，当人们变老时，他们通常会修改自己的目标，倾向于优先考虑他们觉得有意义和真正欣赏的事情。故选C。 【55题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，随着年龄的增长，人们通常会修改自己的目标；虽然他们可能会做得更少，但他们倾向于优先考虑他们觉得有意义和真正欣赏的事情——比如外向性的下降可能表明他们很满足于与自己所爱的人共度时光。A. facilitate促进；B. indicate表明；C. involve涉及；D. prevent阻止。根据前文“a decline in extroversion could”和后文“that they’re satisfied spending time with the people they already love”可知，外向性的下降可能表明他们满足于和已经爱的人在一起。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) By the middle of the second day I know I’m in trouble. In front of me the land stretches up and away towards a distant hill, and into the space, between that hill and me, is crowded one of the most vivid concentrations of color I have ever seen. It starts with the trees. The wet season is only a few weeks off and almost as if they can smell the coming rains, they have put out their leaves. They are no ordinary green and the dry grasses beneath them are shining with golds, browns and reds. I want to recreate this scene with watercolors. Although I can make a try at it with words, trying to paint it in my sketch book is another matter altogether. I’ve already made one attempt: a series of lines in orange and red, with bluish trees placed across them, which now lies face down in the grass beside me. I’ve put it there because the last thing I want right now is for someone else to come along and look at it. A young man called Royale walks up the hill. Royale is a sculptor, and, with several other local men, produces pieces of work in the local stone. Recently, and quite suddenly, this work, and that of several other local co-operatives, has acquired an international reputation. I certainly don’t want a man capable of such things looking at my own awful painting. So I put my foot, as casually as I can, on the finished one beside me and we resume the conversation started earlier in the day. I want to talk to Royale about his life here. He, however, is only interested in what I am up to. To begin with, it seems that he considers me a fellow artist, and for a moment I find myself staring into the depths of embarrassment. But when he asks me, “What is painting like?” I realize that this professional artist has never painted anything in his life before. He just wants a go with my colors. When I signed up for this holiday, I was hoping for an experience like the one I had had four years earlier in Wales. That was my first painting holiday, and I loved it. Two things made it great. First was the teacher, a man called Robin, who showed me that what is important about drawing and painting is not the finished article but the process of completing it. The second element of that week was the place. I grew up in places like that, and I connected with it immediately. But it was stupid of me to think that I could reproduce the experience down here, deep in the Southern Hemisphere. Zimbabwe is not a part of me, nor I of it. Trying to draw it for the first time, from a standing start, is like trying to start a conversation in Swahili. 56. What problem does the writer have at the beginning of her holiday? A. She can’t reproduce the exact color. B. There are no animals that she can paint. C. She’s brought the wrong materials with her. D. The weather is not good enough for painting. 57. The writer hid her work because ________. A. it was only a quick sketch B. it wasn’t good enough to sell C. she believed Royale painted better D. she thought it would disappoint Royale 58. What does the writer mean by “what I am up to” (in paragraph 3)? A. What I will give him. B. What I am painting. C. What I am thinking about. D. What I can teach him. 59. What does the writer say about her previous painting holiday? A. Her technique improved much faster. B. The landscape was more familiar to her. C. She was able to complete a number of paintings. D. The teacher who taught her then was more talented. 【答案】56. A 57. D 58. B 59. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在绘画假期期间所遇到的问题，作者无法重新再现确切的颜色。 【56题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“I want to recreate this scene with watercolors. Although I can make a try at it with words, trying to paint it in my sketch book is another matter altogether.(我想用水彩重现这个场景。虽然我可以用文字来尝试，但要在速写本上画出来完全是另一回事)”可推知，作者遇到的问题是不能够重新再现确切的颜色。故选A。 【57题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“I certainly don’t want a man capable of such things looking at my own awful painting. So I put my foot, as casually as I can, on the finished one beside me and we resume the conversation started earlier in the day.(我当然不想让一个能做出这种事的人来看我这幅糟糕的画。于是，我尽可能随意地把脚放在旁边那张已经完成的桌子上，我们继续今天早些时候开始的谈话)”可推知，作者认为自己的画很糟糕，因此不想让Royale失望。故选D。 【58题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“To begin with, it seems that he considers me a fellow artist, and for a moment I find myself staring into the depths of embarrassment. But when he asks me, “what is painting like?” I realize that this professional artist has never painted anything in his life before. He just wants a go with my colors.(一开始，他似乎把我当作艺术家同行，一时间我发现自己陷入了深深的尴尬之中。但当他问我：“绘画是什么样子的？”我意识到这位职业艺术家以前从来没有画过任何东西。他只是想试试我的颜色)”可推知，通过Royale的问题可以知道他对作者现在做的事情，即正在绘画什么感兴趣。故“what I am up to”的意思是“我正在画什么”。故选B。 【59题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The second element of that week was the place. I grew up in places like that, and I connected with it immediately. (那一周的第二个要素是地点。我就是在这样的地方长大的，我很快就和那里产生了联系)”可知，作者更熟悉之前的绘画假期所在地方的一些风景。故选B。 (B) Whether you are attracted by landscapes or the after-effects of weather, there are photo opportunities everywhere. The following photography tips from photographers will help you shoot your best shot. Get to know your subject and their habits Take time to get to know your local wildlife before shooting, and you might just capture something truly special. Try to shoot from the perspective of the animal you are filming. Resist the urge to just point and click — take the time to observe local wildlife and you will see the rewards in your photos. Capture details in a close-up Going in close can bring some fascinating rewards in nature photography. Zooming (聚焦) into plants with frost or picking up water drops on a spider’s web can help show the beauty we might miss in everyday life. If you’re zooming in on one particular subject, such as a bee landing on a flower, you could end up with soft-focus objects in the background to create added interest. Shoot photos at best time of day There are no hard and fast rules when it comes to timing, and a shadow or lots of natural sunlight can produce great results — it’s just best to avoid extremes. Too much bright light hitting your camera lens (镜头) sensor will result in an overexposed photo with little detail, while a dark sky full of stars might provide too much contrast between the background and the subject you are taking pictures of. Capture sharp, clear images Although the delete button can be your best friend, a few things will help you avoid unclear images. Keeping the camera stable is key, whether that’s through a solid pose as you stand ready to shoot or using a support. A self-timer can also be a handy tool for keeping your hands away from dials and settings once you have chosen your shot. 60. Which of the following is the benefit of “zooming in” in shooting? A. It may be an aid to capture the delicate beauty in daily life. B. It may be helpful to avoid overexposing photos with little detail. C. It may bring about deleting the background to create added interest. D. It may contribute to focusing on several particular subjects at a time. 61. What is a photographer recommended to do to shoot satisfactory photos? A. Chase the running rabbit when shooting. B. Follow his instinct when shooting. C. Shoot in bright daylight at midday. D. Use a stable stand when shooting. 62. You will find the tips above most useful if you want to take photos _____. A. at a wedding ceremony B. while visiting an art gallery C. on an excursion to the countryside D. while walking on the street in a city 【答案】60. A 61. D 62. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个关于拍摄风景的建议。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Zooming (聚焦) into plants with frost or picking up water drops on a spider’s web can help show the beauty we might miss in everyday life. (放大到结霜的植物，或者在蜘蛛网上捡起水滴，都有助于展示我们在日常生活中可能错过的美。)”可知，放大拍摄的好处是可能有助于捕捉日常生活中的微妙之美。故选A。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Keeping the camera stable is key, whether that’s through a solid pose as you stand ready to shoot or using a support. (保持相机稳定是关键，无论是通过一个坚实的姿势，当你准备拍摄或使用支持。)”可知，为了拍出令人满意的照片，摄影师应该拍摄时要站稳。故选D。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Whether you are attracted by landscapes or the after-effects of weather, there are photo opportunities everywhere. The following photography tips from photographers will help you shoot your best shot. (无论你是被风景所吸引，还是被天气的影响所吸引，到处都有拍照的机会。以下摄影师的摄影技巧将帮助你拍出最好的照片。)”可知，如果你想在乡间远足时拍照，你会发现上面的建议非常有用。故选C。 (C) Genetic testing companies have a long history of creative attempts to reach the mainstream. An early example was the sequencing of rock star Ozzy Osbourne’s genes in 2010, with accompanying guess about how they might have influenced his drug habits. Lately, such projects have taken on a new, highly commercialized tendency. In 2017, we got the “Marmite (马麦酱) gene project,” run by London-based genetic testing start-up DNAfit. It claims to show that love or hate for Marmite was in our genes. The project turned into a full-blown marketing campaign, and even sold Marmite-branded DNA testing tools. DNAfit is now working with Mercedes-Benz to find out whether specific genetic traits are associated with business wisdom. AncestryDNA, the world’s largest consumer genetic testing company, last year teamed up with Spotify to promote “music tailored to your DNA.” Just a few weeks ago, 23andMe, the second largest, announced a partnership with Airbnb to provide genetically tailored travel experiences, also inspired by ancestral DNA. I have skin in this game. I run a genetic-testing start-up that connects people who want their genome sequenced with researchers who want data to improve their understanding of genetic disease. I believe that broadening access to DNA testing can be a powerful force for good, providing safer, more effective medicines and giving people more power over their healthcare. But these campaigns risk discrediting the industry, by giving a misleading impression of what genetics can and can't say and its role in determining behaviours and personal preferences. Take the Marmite study. It covered 261 people — tiny, by the standards of the field. It was published not in a journal, but online on bioRxiv, a server where scientists typically put results before peer-review. Shortly after, researchers looked at the genetic data of more than 500 times as many people in the UK Biobank and found no such correlation. A large peer-reviewed study in 2013 found no significant link between genes and business common sense. We need to inform the public about what this is all about: that is, the gathering of large amounts of genetic data. We need better regulation to ensure that consumers are clear that this may happen with this sensitive personal information. A checkbox on a 20-page web document full of legal terms should not be enough. Scientists too, need to start asking hard questions about whether the information they are using has been sourced ethically. DNA testing has a great future, but we can't build this future with data acquired by any means. 63. The author mentions DNAfit, AncestryDNA and 23andMe in order to __________. A. highlight the problems facing genetic testing B. illustrate the commercial applications of DNA C. compare what progress the companies have made D. reveal the link between DNA and a person's character 64. We can learn from “I have skin in this game” in Para. 4 that the author __________. A. is challenging the available treatment for skin disease B. has a personal investment in the genetic-testing business C. hopes to remove people's misunderstanding of the game rules D believes that every individual should have access to DNA testing 65. What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about? A. The disadvantages of genetic testing. B. The scientific value of genetic testing. C. The legal system genetic testing needs. D. The essentials for proper genetic testing. 66. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. DNA Is Anything but a Marketing Tool B. Genetic Testing Campaigns Aren't Legal C. Creative Marketing Is Key to Genetic Testing D. DNA Testing Has Become a Booming Industry 【答案】63. B 64. B 65. D 66. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了DNA检测项目倾向于商业趋势，并列举了一些例子加以说明。指出DNA测试有一个美好的未来，但我们不能利用获得的数据来建立这个未来。 【63题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Lately, such projects have taken on a new, highly commercialized tendency. . In 2017, we got the “Marmite (马麦酱) gene project,” run by London-based genetic testing start-up DNAfit. It claims to show that love or hate for Marmite was in our genes. (最近，这类项目呈现出一种新的、高度商业化的趋势。2017年，我们得到了由伦敦基因检测初创公司DNAfit运营的“马麦酱基因项目”。它声称对马麦酱的爱或恨存在于我们的基因中。)”以及“The project turned into a full-blown marketing campaign, and even sold Marmite-branded DNA testing tools.(这个项目变成了一场全面的营销活动，甚至还出售了Marmite-brandedDNA检测工具)”以及下文提到的“AncestryDNA”，“ 23andMe”和两大检测公司的推广活动，可推断，作者提到DNAfit，AncestryDNA和23andMe是为了说明DNA的商业应用。故选B。 【64题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“I have skin in this game. I run a genetic-testing start-up that connects people who want their genome sequenced with researchers who want data to improve their understanding of genetic disease.(我与这场游戏有利害关系。我经营着一家基因检测初创公司，将那些想要基因组测序的人与想要数据以提高对遗传疾病理解的研究人员联系起来)”可知，从第4段的“I have skin in this game”中得知，作者在基因检测业务上有个人投资。故选B。 【65题详解】 主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“We need to inform the public about what this is all about: that is, the gathering of large amounts of genetic data. We need better regulation to ensure that consumers are clear that this may happen with this sensitive personal information. A checkbox on a 20-page web document full of legal terms should not be enough.(我们需要告知公众这是怎么回事:也就是说，收集大量基因数据。我们需要更好的监管，以确保消费者清楚，这些敏感的个人信息可能会发生这种情况。在一份20页的网页文件中，一个复选框是不够的)”以及最后一段“Scientists too, need to start asking hard questions about whether the information they are using has been sourced ethically. DNA testing has a great future, but we can't build this future with data acquired by any means.(科学家们也需要开始提出一些尖锐的问题，即他们所使用的信息的来源是否符合道德规范。DNA测试有一个美好的未来，但无论如何我们不能利用获得的数据来建立这个未来)”可知，最后两段主要讲了正确的基因检测的基本。故选D。 【66题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Genetic testing companies have a long history of creative attempts to reach the mainstream. An early example was the sequencing of rock star Ozzy Osbourne’s genes in 2010, with accompanying guess about how they might have influenced his drug habits.(长期以来，基因检测公司一直在创造性地尝试进入主流市场。一个早期的例子是2010年对摇滚明星奥兹·奥斯本的基因进行测序，并随之猜测这些基因可能如何影响了他的吸毒习惯)”结合文章主要说明了DNA检测项目倾向于商业趋势，并列举了一些例子加以说明。指出DNA测试有一个美好的未来，但我们不能利用获得的数据来建立这个未来。可推断，A选项“DNA绝不是营销工具”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. At my family’s cabin on a Minnesota lake, I knew woods so dark that my hands disappeared before my eyes. I knew night skies in which shooting stars left smoky trails across sugary spreads of stars. Today, though, when we feel the closeness of nightfall, we reach quickly for a light switch. And too little darkness, meaning too much artificial light at night, spells trouble for all. _____67_____ Our bodies need darkness to produce the hormone melatonin (褪黑素), which keeps certain cancers from developing, and our bodies need darkness for sleep. Sleep disorders have been linked to diabetes, obesity, depression and other diseases. In today’s crowded, louder, more fast-paced world, night’s darkness can provide solitude, quiet and stillness, qualities that are in increasingly short supply. Every religious tradition has considered darkness invaluable for a soulful life, and the chance to witness the universe has inspired artists, philosophers and everyday stargazers since time began. ____68____ Who knows what this vision of the night sky might inspire in each of us, in our children or grandchildren? Yet all over the world, our nights are growing brighter. Computer images of the United States at night, based on NASA photographs, show that what was a very dark country in the 1950s is now nearly covered with a blanket of light. ____69____ Light pollution is readily within our ability to solve, using new lighting technologies and cutting existing lights. Already, many cities and towns across North America and Europe are changing to LED streetlights. Other communities are finding success with simply turning off portions of their public lighting after midnight. ____70____ But we will never truly address the problem of light pollution until we become aware of the irreplaceable value and beauty of the darkness we are losing. A. Though primarily designed to save energy, such reductions in light will also go far in addressing light pollution. B. The world depends on darkness, including animals who’s active at night or daybreak. C. Already the World Health Organization classifies working the night shift as a probable reason for disease. D. Those of us over 35 are perhaps among the last generation to have known truly dark nights. E. In a world filled with electric light, how would Van Gogh have given the world his “Starry Night”? F. However, it doesn’t have to be this way. 【答案】67. C 68. E 69. F 70. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇散文。文章通过个人经历和对夜晚黑暗逐渐消失的反思，探讨了光污染问题及其对人类生活、健康和自然环境的影响。 【67题详解】 空处为段首句。根据下文内容“Our bodies need darkness to produce the hormone melatonin (褪黑素), which keeps certain cancers from developing, and our bodies need darkness for sleep. Sleep disorders have been linked to diabetes, obesity, depression and other diseases.(我们的身体需要黑暗来产生褪黑素这种荷尔蒙，这种荷尔蒙可以阻止某些癌症的发展，而且我们的身体也需要黑暗来睡觉。睡眠障碍与糖尿病、肥胖、抑郁症和其他疾病有关联。)”可知，下文讲述了缺少黑暗对身体的影响。选项C“Already the World Health Organization classifies working the night shift as a probable reason for disease.(世界卫生组织已经将上夜班列为可能导致疾病的一个原因。)”引出下文内容，指出上夜班会让我们因为缺少黑暗而出现身体上的问题，导致疾病。故选C。 【68题详解】 根据空前内容“Every religious tradition has considered darkness invaluable for a soulful life, and the chance to witness the universe has inspired artists, philosophers and everyday stargazers since time began.(每一种宗教传统都认为黑暗对于灵魂生活来说是无价的，自从有记载以来，见证宇宙的机会就一直激励着艺术家、哲学家和日常的观星者。)”可知，黑暗激励着艺术家、哲学家和日常的观星者。选项E“In a world filled with electric light, how would Van Gogh have given the world his “Starry Night”?(在一个充满电灯的世界里，梵高会如何给世界呈现他的《星夜》？)”中提到了艺术家梵高和他的《星夜》，与前面提到的艺术家相呼应。故选E。 【69题详解】 根据上文“Yet all over the world, our nights are growing brighter. Computer images of the United States at night, based on NASA photographs, show that what was a very dark country in the 1950s is now nearly covered with a blanket of light.(然而，全世界的夜晚都在变得越来越明亮。根据NASA的照片制作的美国夜间计算机图像显示，美国在20世纪50年代还是一个非常黑暗的国家，现在却几乎被一片光毯所覆盖。)”可知，全世界的夜晚都在变得越来越明亮。而空后“Light pollution is readily within our ability to solve, using new lighting technologies and cutting existing lights.(光污染是我们有能力轻易解决的，方法是使用新的照明技术和削减现有的灯光。)”与上文形成转折，指出虽然光污染很严重，但是这是我们可以解决的。选项F“However, it doesn’t have to be this way.(然而，事情不必是这样的。)”承上启下，延续上文指出的光污染很严重，引出下文我们可以解决。故选F。 【70题详解】 根据上文内容“Already, many cities and towns across North America and Europe are changing to LED streetlights. Other communities are finding success with simply turning off portions of their public lighting after midnight.(目前，北美和欧洲许多城市和小镇已经更换成了LED路灯。其他社区则通过午夜后关闭部分公共照明取得了成功。)”可知，北美和欧洲许多地方都使用新的照明技术以削减现有的灯光。选项A“Though primarily designed to save energy, such reductions in light will also go far in addressing light pollution.(虽然主要是为了节约能源，但减少照明也将大大有助于解决光污染问题。)”延续上文内容，指出使用新的照明技术可以节约能源也能帮助解决光污染问题。故选A。 IV. Summary Writing 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It is a common sight on campus or in the streets: a young person rides by on an electric scooter, traveling quickly and proudly. But Beijing’s traffic authorities have said that starting on Sept.5, people who are caught riding electric scooters on public roads or bicycle lanes will be fined 10 yuan. They will also be given a warning not to use the vehicles on public roads again. The announcement was made after traffic police in Shanghai started a campaign to get electric scooters off public roads, with police officers stopping riders because the scooters could cause traffic problems. The Beijing Consumer Association said it had tested more than 20 electric scooters of different brands recently and found that most had substandard brakes. It added that 16 of the tested scooters could go faster than the maximum 20 km per hour set for electric bikes. According to the traffic police, people who ride electric scooters at certain speeds can easily bump into the vehicles in the vehicle lane and hurt people who walk in the bicycle lanes. But seeing the benefits that electric scooters have brought to young people, experts are worried that the ban may take effect slowly. Electric scooters are a great answer to the ‘last mile problem’ of getting from a public transport station to one’s home. They’re light enough to throw over your shoulder. They’re easy to ride just about anywhere and don’t need a lot of physical effort. The scooter can travel 25 km on one charge. It’s convenient and easy to control. They are also good for environment. Unlike cars and buses, electric scooters produce no carbon dioxide, need no fuel and make almost no noise. For many young people, they use them to copy cool celebrities they have seen in videos. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】People riding an electric scooter on public roads will be fined from Sept. 5th . Because of the substandard brakes and fast speed, electric scooters are considered potentially dangerous for riders and walking people. Considering its advantage of being convenient, portable environment-friendly and fashionable, experts predicted the ban would take effect slowly. 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。根据刚制定的规则电动车因为安全问题不能在北京的道路上行驶，但由于在某些方面电动车有一定优势，所以可能不会那么快从道路上消失。 【详解】本篇要求考生写一篇总结，通过阅读文章我们可以从三个方面进行总结：1.根据法规电动车自9月5日起不能在北京道路上行驶；2.禁止电动车上路行驶的主要原因：刹车不达标，超速，威胁司机和行人；3. 由于电动车有一定优势，可能短时间内不会立即从路上消失。综上，故本文可总结为：People riding an electric scooter on public roads will be fined from Sept. 5th . Because of the substandard brakes and fast speed, electric scooters are considered potentially dangerous for riders and walking people. Considering its advantage of being convenient, portable environment-friendly and fashionable, experts predicted the ban would take effect slowly. V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 在这科技日新月异的时代，过多的信息使人们应接不暇。(suffer) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In these days of technological change, people all suffer from information overload. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语、名词（短语）和形容词。句子在描述当前通常的情况，时态宜用一般现在时；时间状语“在这……的时代”可用介词短语in these days of…，“科技日新月异”可用名词短语technological change，作of的宾语，“过多的信息使人们应接不暇”可理解为“人们都遭受着信息过多的困扰”，主语“人们”用名词people，“都”用代词all，谓语“遭受……的困扰”可用动词短语suffer from，宾语“信息过多”可用名词短语information overload。故翻译为In these days of technological change, people all suffer from information overload. 73. 他按照学校的要求将羽毛球馆的灯全天开着。(request) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He leaves/keeps the light in the badminton hall on all day long at the request of the school. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语、介词短语和名词。句子可看作介绍当前的情况，时态宜用一般现在时；主语“他”用代词he，“将灯全天开着”可用动词短语leaves/keeps the light on all day，“羽毛球馆的”可用介词短语in the badminton hall，作修饰light的定语，状语“按照学校的要求”可用介词短语at the request of the school。故可译为：He leaves/keeps the light in the badminton hall on all day long at the request of the school. 74. 即使在激烈的讨论之后，他们仍未就这一问题达成一致，这个想法能否付诸实践仍待观察。 (whether) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Even after an intense discussion, they have not yet reached an agreement on this issue and it still remains to be seen whether this idea can be put into practice. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、主语从句、固定句型。表示“甚至，即使”用even，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“在……之后”用介词after。表示“一场激烈的讨论”用an intense discussion，作after的宾语。表示“他们”用they，作主语。表示“就某事达成一致”用reach an agreement on sth.，本句表示到目前仍没有达成一致，句子时态用现在完成时，主语为they，助动词用have。表示“仍未达成一致”用have not yet reached an agreement on。表示“这一问题”用this issue，做on的宾语。用连词and连接前后两句话。表示“还有待完成”用固定句型it still remains to be done，其中it作形式主语。表示“观察，看”用see，本句用过去分词seen。表示“能否”用whether引导主语从句，从句中：表示“这个想法”用this idea作主语；表示“付诸实践”用put...into practice，与主语为被动关系，用be put into practice表被动，位于情态动词can“可以”后，be用原形。故翻译为Even after an intense discussion, they have not yet reached an agreement on this issue and it still remains to be seen whether this idea can be put into practice. 75. 当我们身处困境时，往往感觉时间特别漫长，这可以用“心理时间”来解释：当我们暴露在新的环境和经历中时，时间似乎会减慢。(expose) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When in difficult situations people often feel that time is incredibly long, which can be explained by “psychological time” that time seems to slow down when we are exposed to new environments and experiences. 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、同位语从句。表示“人们”用people，作主语。表示“常常”用副词often，作状语，修饰“感觉”；表示“感觉”用feel，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，谓语用动词原形；表示“时间特别漫长”用宾语从句that time is incredibly long，从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导；表示“当我们身处困境时”用时间状语从句when people are in difficult situations，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词，本句中的条件状语从句省略people are。表示“这可以用‘心理时间’来解释”用定语从句which can be explained by “psychological time”，定语从句修饰“When in difficult situations people often feel that time is incredibly long”，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。表示“当我们暴露在新的环境和经历中时，时间似乎会减慢”用同位语从句that time seems to slow down when we are exposed to new environments and experiences，解释说明psychological time，从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导，其中when we are exposed to new environments and experiences为时间状语从句。故翻译为When in difficult situations people often feel that time is incredibly long, which can be explained by “psychological time” that time seems to slow down when we are exposed to new environments and experiences. VI. Guided Writing 76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 最近上海的某些餐馆和面包房采取了一项新的举措：在微信小程序上以盲盒的形式降价销售当天卖剩的食物，购买者能在小程序上看到商家信息、价格和取货时间。英语报“YOUR VOICE”专栏欢迎读者来信，就这一做法展开讨论。假定你是高三学生李华，请给专栏编辑写信，表达看法，说明理由。 (食物盲盒: mystery boxes of randomly packed leftover foods ) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Editor, Recently, the “bread blind box” has quietly become popular. You can buy bread at 50％ discount of the original price or even lower, which is accompanied by the freshness and excitement of opening a blind box and has attracted many diners. It is true that the emergence of the “bread blind box” not only helps the store to solve the waste and loss caused by the failure to sell the products in time, but also enables consumers to buy good and cheap food. However, some merchants put expired bread into blind boxes for sale, violating the original intention of selling “bread blind box” to avoid food waste. We hope to strengthen market supervision to ensure quality and safety and the consumers’ rights. Yours truly, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英语报“YOUR VOICE”专栏写一封信，就最近上海的某些餐馆和面包房采取了一项新的举措：在微信小程序上以盲盒的形式降价销售当天卖剩的食物现象表达看法，说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 吸引：attract →draw 出现：emergence →appearance 引起：caused by →resulting from 违背：violate →go against 2句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：However, some merchants put expired bread into blind boxes for sale, violating the original intention of selling “bread blind box” to avoid food waste. 拓展句：However, some merchants put expired bread into blind boxes for sale, which violates the original intention of selling “bread blind box” to avoid food waste. 【点睛】【高分句型1】You can buy bread at 50％ discount of the original price or even lower, which is accompanied by the freshness and excitement of opening a blind box and has attracted many diners.(使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】However, some merchants put expired bread into blind boxes for sale, violating the original intention of selling “bread blind box” to avoid food waste. (使用了现在分词充当结果状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$